Kainosite-(Y)
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About Kainosite-(Y)
Formula:
Ca2(Y,Ce)2(Si4O12)(CO3) · H2O
Colour:
chestnut brown, straw yellow, colorless
Hardness:
5 - 6
Specific Gravity:
3.52
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Name:
Named by Nordenskiöld (1886) from the greek καινος, uncommon, in allusion to its unusual chemical composition
This page provides mineralogical data about Kainosite-(Y).
Classification of Kainosite-(Y)
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
8/E.09-10
9.CF.10
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
C : Cyclosilicates
F : [Si4O12]8- 4-membered single rings, with insular complex anions
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
C : Cyclosilicates
F : [Si4O12]8- 4-membered single rings, with insular complex anions
60.2.1.1
60 : CYCLOSILICATES Four-Membered Rings
2 : Four-Membered Rings with other anion groups
60 : CYCLOSILICATES Four-Membered Rings
2 : Four-Membered Rings with other anion groups
17.4.10
17 : Silicates Containing other Anions
4 : Silicates with carbonates
17 : Silicates Containing other Anions
4 : Silicates with carbonates
Physical Properties of Kainosite-(Y)
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
chestnut brown, straw yellow, colorless
Hardness:
5 - 6 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
{110}
{110}
Fracture:
Sub-Conchoidal
Density:
3.52 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.542 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Kainosite-(Y)
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.662 - 1.665 nβ = 1.682 - 1.689 nγ = 1.687 - 1.692
2V:
Measured: 40° , Calculated: 38° to 52°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.025 - 0.027
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
High
Dispersion:
strong
Chemical Properties of Kainosite-(Y)
Formula:
Ca2(Y,Ce)2(Si4O12)(CO3) · H2O
IMA Formula:
Ca2Y2(SiO3)4(CO3) · H2O
Crystallography of Kainosite-(Y)
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Cell Parameters:
a = 13.05 Å, b = 14.33 Å, c = 6.77 Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.911 : 1 : 0.472
Unit Cell V:
1,266.03 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0012442 | Kainosite-(Y) | Volodina G F, Rumanova I M, Belov N V (1963) Crystal structure of kaynozite Ca2(Y,Tr)2[Si4O12]CO3*H2O Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR 149 173-175 | 1963 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0014836 | Kainosite-(Y) | Giuseppetti G, Tadini C, Oddone M (1989) Cenosite-(Y) from Baveno, Novara (Italy): crystal structure Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Monatshefte 1989 153-164 | 1989 | Baveno, Novara, Italy | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
Type Occurrence of Kainosite-(Y)
Synonyms of Kainosite-(Y)
Other Language Names for Kainosite-(Y)
German:Cenosit
Kainosit
Kainosit-(Y)
Kainosit
Kainosit-(Y)
Russian:Кайнозит-(Y)
Simplified Chinese:碳硅钇钙石
Traditional Chinese:碳矽釔鈣石
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 24 photos of Kainosite-(Y) associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 10 photos of Kainosite-(Y) associated with Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| 9 photos of Kainosite-(Y) associated with Chlorite Group | |
| 6 photos of Kainosite-(Y) associated with Fluorite | CaF2 |
| 5 photos of Kainosite-(Y) associated with Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| 5 photos of Kainosite-(Y) associated with Aeschynite-(Y) | (Y,Ln,Ca,Th)(Ti,Nb)2(O,OH)6 |
| 4 photos of Kainosite-(Y) associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
| 4 photos of Kainosite-(Y) associated with Synchysite-(Ce) | CaCe(CO3)2F |
| 4 photos of Kainosite-(Y) associated with Ferriallanite-(Ce) | {CaCe}{Fe3+AlFe2+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| 4 photos of Kainosite-(Y) associated with Epidote | {Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping
| 9.CF. | Bobmeyerite | Pb4(Al3Cu)(Si4O12)(S0.5Si0.5O4)(OH)7Cl(H2O)3 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnnm |
| 9.CF.05 | Ashburtonite | Pb4Cu4(Si4O12)(HCO3)4(OH)3Cl · H2O | Tet. |
| 9.CF.15 | Clinophosinaite | Na12(Ca,Sr)4(Si4O12)(PO4)4 | Mon. |
| 9.CF.15 | Phosinaite-(Ce) | Na13Ca2(Ce,La,Th,Nd,Pr)(Si4O12)(PO4)4 | Orth. |
| 9.CF.20 | Strakhovite | NaBa3Mn2+2Mn3+2Si6O19(OH)3 | Orth. |
| 9.CF.25 | Cerchiaraite-(Mn) | Ba4Mn3+4(Si4O12)O2(OH)4Cl2[Si2O3(OH)4] | Tet. |
| 9.CF.25 | Cerchiaraite-(Al) | Ba4Al4O3(OH)3(Si4O12)[Si2O3(OH)4]Cl | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I4/mmm |
| 9.CF.25 | Cerchiaraite-(Fe) | Ba4Fe3+4O3(OH)3(Si4O12)[Si2O3(OH)4]Cl | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I4/mmm |
Related Minerals - Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals Grouping
| 17.4.1 | Tilleyite | Ca5(Si2O7)(CO3)2 | Mon. |
| 17.4.2 | Spurrite | Ca5(SiO4)2(CO3) | Mon. |
| 17.4.3 | Paraspurrite | Ca5(SiO4)2(CO3) | Mon. |
| 17.4.4 | Scawtite | Ca7(Si3O9)2CO3 · 2H2O | Mon. 2/m |
| 17.4.5 | Fukalite | Ca4[Si2O6][CO3](OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| 17.4.6 | Meionite | Ca4Al6Si6O24CO3 | Tet. 4/m : I4/m |
| 17.4.7 | Cancrinite | (Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O | Hex. 6 : P63 |
| 17.4.8 | Carletonite | KNa4Ca4Si8O18(CO3)4(OH,F) · H2O | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/mbm |
| 17.4.9 | Iimoriite-(Y) | Y2[SiO4][CO3] | Tric. |
| 17.4.11 | Caysichite-(Y) | Ca2Y2Si4O10(CO3)3 · 4H2O | Orth. mm2 |
| 17.4.12 | Lepersonnite-(Gd) | Ca(Gd,Dy)2(UO2)24(SiO4)4(CO3)8(OH)24 · 48H2O | Orth. |
| 17.4.13 | Ashburtonite | Pb4Cu4(Si4O12)(HCO3)4(OH)3Cl · H2O | Tet. |
| 17.4.14 | Surite | (Pb,Ca)3(Al,Fe2+,Mg)2((Si,Al)4O10)(CO3)2(OH)2 | Mon. |
| 17.4.15 | Tundrite-(Ce) | Na2Ce2Ti(SiO4)(CO3)2O2 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| 17.4.16 | Tundrite-(Nd) | Na2(Nd,Ce)2Ti(SiO4)(CO3)2O2 |
Other Information
Notes:
Effervesces slowly in cold dilute HCl
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
References for Kainosite-(Y)
Reference List:
Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)
Nordenskiöld, A.E. (1886): Mineralogiska bidrag. Kainosit, et nytt mineral från Hitterö i Norge. Geologiska Föreningen i Stockholm Förhandlingar 8, 143-146
Dana, E.S. (1892) Dana's system of mineralogy, (6th edition), 698.
Schetelig, J. (1922): Kainosit. in Brøgger, W.C, Vogt, Th. & Schetelig, J. (1922): Die Mineralien der südnorwegischen Granitpegmatitgänge. II. Silikate der seltenen Erde. Videnskapsselskapets Skrifter. I.Mat-Naturv. Klasse 1922. 11, 124-127
G. Pouliot, J. A. Maxwell, and S. C. Robinson (1964): Cenosite from Bancroft, Ontario. Canadian Mineralogist 8, 1-10.
American Mineralogist (1964): 49: 1738.
Vlasov, K.A., Ed. (1966) Mineralogy of rare elements, v. II, 246-247.
Giuseppetti, G., Tadini, C., and Oddone, M. (1989) Cenosite-(Y) from Baveno, Novara (Italy): crystal structure. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte (1989): 153-164.
Internet Links for Kainosite-(Y)
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-2133.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
Localities for Kainosite-(Y)
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Angola | |
| Beleque, A. R. C. (2010). Minerais de ETR no complexo carbonatítico de Bailundo (Mungo, Angola): ocorrência, composição e significado económico. |
Austria | |
| Handbook of Mineralogy (http://www.handbookofmineralogy.org/pdfs/kainositey.pdf) |
| Preite, D. (2012): Die Mineralien des Hopffeldgrabens im Obersulzbachtal, Österreich. Mineralien Welt. 23 (1), 49-53 | |
| A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989) | |
Canada | |
| Grice, Joel D. (1989) Bancroft: the Mineral Capital of Canada. In: Famous mineral localities of Canada. Published by Fitzhenry & Whiteside Limited & the National Museum of Natural Sciences, 190 pages, 92-99; 162-165. |
| G. Pouliot, J. A. Maxwell, and S. C. Robinson (1964): Cenosite from Bancroft, Ontario. Canadian Mineralogist 8, 1-10. |
| Ontario Ministry of Northern Development and Mines MDI Number: MDI31C16SW00017 |
| Am. Min. (1930) 15:205-219 | |
| George Robinson 1990 |
| Louise Corriveau (Date Modified: 2008-12-08) Mineral Deposits of Canada District Metallogeny The Manitou district a Canadian iron oxide copper-gold deposit setting. Geological Survey of Canada |
| GRICE, J.D. (1989) Mont Saint-Hilaire, Quebec: Canada's Most Diverse Mineral Locality. In: Famous mineral localities of Canada. Published by Fitzhenry & Whiteside Limited & the National Museum of Natural Sciences, 190 pages: 100-108; 166-175.; HORVÁTH, L., GAULT, R.A. (1990) The mineralogy of Mont Saint-Hilaire. Mineralogical Record, 21, 281-359. |
| Hogarth, D.D., Chao, G.Y., Plant. G.A. & Steacy, H. R. (1974): Caysichite, a new silico-carbonate of yttrium and calcium. Canadian Mineralogist.12: 293-298 |
| Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 34, pp.349-371 (1996); A. Kerr and H. Rafuse (2012) Rare-earth element (REE) geochemistry of the Strange Lake deposits: Implications for resource estimation and metallogenic models. Newfoundland and Labrador Department of Natural Resources Current Research 2012 pp39-60; BIRKETT, T.C., MILLER, R.R., ROBERTS, A.C., & MARIANO, A.N. (1992) Zirconium bearing minerals from the Strange Lake intrusive complex, Quebec Labrador. Canadian Mineralogist, 30, 191-205. | |
China | |
| Denghong Wang, Yuchuan Chen, Jue Xu, Jianmin Yang, Chunji Xue, and Shenghao Yan (2000): Acta Geologica Sinica 74(3), 478-484. |
Finland | |
| Reijo Alviola analytical data |
France | |
| De Ascencao Guedes R. et al. (2003), Découverte de kainosite-(Y) au glacier de l'Invernet, Sainte-Foy, Haute-Tarentaise, Savoie, Le Règne Minéral, n°54, pp: 11-17 |
Germany | |
| Walenta, K. (1992) Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes und ihre Fundstellan. Christian Weise Verlag, München, 336 pages [in German]. |
| Joachim Gröbner (EDS-analysis) and Uwe Kolitsch (SXRD-analysis) |
| Desor, J (2017). New finds from worldwide localities - December 2017 http://mineralanalytik.de/images/REMBILDER/mineralreport3.pdf |
| Desor, J. New finds from worldwide localities Dec. 2017 http://mineralanalytik.de/images/REMBILDER/mineralreport3.pdf ; Desor, J. New finds from worldwide localities Dec. 2017 | |
Italy | |
| Lapis 2004 number 7/8 pp. 37-51 |
| Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007): Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp. |
| Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007): Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp. | |
| Pezzotta, F., Diella, V., Guastoni, A. (1999): Chemical and paragenetic data on gadolinite-group minerals from Baveno and Cuasso al Monte, Southern Alps: mineralogy and inferences. American Mineralogist, 84(5-6), 782-789. |
| - Finello, G., Ambrino, P., Kolitsch, U., Ciriotti, M.E., Blaß, G., Bracco, R. (2007): I minerali della “Pietra di Luserna”, Piemonte, Italia nord-occidentale. I. Alcune cave di gneiss della Val Luserna. Micro (località), 2/2007, 181-226.; Piccoli, G. C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., & Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo F. Eusebio - Alba, 607 pag. |
| Probed EDX-PXRD M.E. Ciriotti - G. Blass |
| Private collection; analysed by A. Guastoni |
| Grill, E. (1935): I minerali del granito di Baveno, la fayalite. Periodico di Mineralogia, 129-133. - Gallitelli, P. (1936): Le miche del granito di Baveno. . Periodico di Mineralogia, 61-76 - Pagliani, G. (1948): Le Zeoliti del granito di Baveno. Periodico di Mineralogia, 175-188. - Ravagnani, D. (1974): I giacimenti uraniferi italiani - Gruppo Mineralogico Lombardo - Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, Ed., Milano, 188 pp. - min. Rec. 14 (3), 157-168 - Am. Min. 83, 1330-1334 (1998) - Am. Min. 84, 782-789 (1999). - Guastoni, A. & Pezzotta, F. (2004): Kristiansenite a Baveno, second ritrovamento Mondiale della specie. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 4/2004, 247-251. - Guastoni, A., Demartin, F., Pezzotta, F. (2004): Sekaninaite delle pegmatiti granitiche di Feriolo e Baveno (VB). Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, 145, 59-68. - Mineralogist americano (2005) 90, 1442-1452. |
| American Mineralogist, 84(5-6), 782-789 | |
| 'Apatite' - Monazite-(Ce) - Synchysite-(Y) - Kainosite-(Y)) sono analizzate |
| Gamboni, A., Gamboni, T., Pileri, P. (1997) Su alcuni minerali del massiccio granitico del monte Limbara zona "Furru e Conca", comune di Calangianus. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana: 2/1997: 123-134.; Gamboni, A. Bonacina, E. (2006) Massiccio granitico del Monte Limbara: calcioancylite-(Ce) e kainosite-(Y) di Furru e Conca, Calangianus, Olbia-Tempio Pausania, Sardegna nord-orientale. Micro (località): 1/2006: 137-140. |
| Gamboni, A. (2003): Cala Francese - La Maddalena (SS). Micro (località), 2003, 11-20 |
| Stara P., Astolfi M. (1990) - San Priamo - Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, fasc. 1, pp. 51-63 |
| Folie, K. & Rocchetti, I. (2004): Grasstein – ein Fundort für interessante Mineralien in Südtirol. Mineralien-Welt, 15 (4), 50-64. |
| Ferretti, P., Gualtieri, A., Rocchetti, I., Vecchi, F. (2015): Cava Pralongo. Nuove segnalazioni dalle pegmatiti della Valle del Vanoi (Canal San Bovo, Trento). Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 49, 3 (3-2015), 164-185. |
Japan | |
| Yamada, S. (2004) Nihonsan-koubutsu Gojuon-hairetsu Sanchi-ichiranhyou (111 pp.); ex-Okamoto collection, now (2015) on display at Hakusekikan museum, Hirukawa. |
| Tsuruta et al. (2005) Chigaku Kenkyu, 54, 89-93. |
Malawi | |
| Lapis 29(1), 37-38 (2004) |
Mongolia | |
| P.M. Kartashov analytical data |
| P. Kartashov et al. (2002) Can. Mineral. 40, 1641-1648 |
| P.M. Kartashov data | |
| Kovalenko, V. I., Yarmolyuk, V. V., Sal nikova, E. B., Kartashov, P. M., Kovach, V. P., Kozakov, I. K., ... & Yakovleva, S. Z. (2004). The Khaldzan-Buregtei Massif of peralkaline rare-metal igneous rocks: structure, geochronology, and geodynamic setting in the Caledonides of Western Mongolia. Petrology c/c of Petrologiia, 12(5), 412-436. | |
Norway | |
| Husdal, T. (2009): Ancylittmineraler i Norge. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift 41, 33 - 42 |
| Husdal, T. (2009): Ancylittmineraler i Norge. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift 41, 33 - 42 | |
| Nordenskiöld, A.E. (1886): Mineralogiska bidrag. Kainosit, et nytt mineral från Hitterö i Norge. Geologiska Föreningen i Stockholm Förhandlingar 8, 143-146 |
| Neumann, H. (1985): Norges Mineraler. Norges geologiske Undersøkelse Skrifter 68, p 173 |
| Sverdrup, T. L. (1968): Contributions to the Mineralogy of Norway No. 37. Yttrofluorite-yttrocerite-cerfluorite in norwegian pegmatites. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 48: 245-252 |
| Husdal, T. (2020) Nyfunn av mineraler fra Tysfjordpegmatittene II. Norsk Mineralsymposium 2020: 100-107. | |
| Husdal, T. (2008): The minerals of the pegmatites within the Tysfjord granite, northern Norway. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift 38: 5-28 |
| Husdal, T. (2008): The minerals of the pegmatites within the Tysfjord granite, northern Norway. Norsk Bergverksmuseum, skrift 38, 5-28. |
| Husdal, T. (2011): Tysfjordgranittens pegmatitter. Stein. 38 (4): 4-35 | |
| Husdal, T. (2008): The minerals of the pegmatites within the Tysfjord granite, northern Norway. Norsk Bergverksmuseum, skrift 38, 5-28. | |
| Husdal, T. (2019) Nyfunn av mineraler fra Tysfjord-pegmatittene, Nordland. Norsk Mineralsymposium 2019: 31-46 |
| Husdal, T. (2008): The minerals of the pegmatites within the Tysfjord granite, northern Norway. Norsk Bergverksmuseum, skrift 38, 5-28. | |
| Grauch et al. (1994): Høgtuvaite, a new beryllian member of the aenigmatite group fom Norway, with x-ray data on aenigmatite. Canadian Mineralogist. 32: 439-448. |
| Raade, G. & Erambert, M. (1999): An intergrowth of scandiobabingtonite and cascandite from the Heftetjern granite pegmatite, Norway. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie Monatshefte 1999 (12):545-550; Raade, G. & Kristiansen, R. (2000a): Mineralogy and geochemistry of the Heftetjern granite pegmatite, Tørdal: a progress report. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrifter. 17, 19-25 |
| Raade, Sæbø, Austrheim & Kristiansen (1993): Kuliokite-(Y) and its alteration products kainosite-(Y) and kamphaugite-(Y) from granite pegmatite in Tørdal, Norway, European Journal of Mineralogy: 5: 691-698. | |
| Knut Eldjarn collection |
| Neumann, H. (1985): Norges Mineraler. Norges Geologiske Undersøkelse Skrifter 68, p. 102 | |
| Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240 p |
| Larsen, A.O. (1993): Gruver og skjerp i Skien. Stathelle 1993. 72p |
| Bjørlykke, H. (1960): Årsberetning for 1959. Norges Geologiske Undersøkelse 211, Årbok 1959, p. 249 |
Russia | |
| Burlakov, J. V. (1995): Dodo: Alpine Klüfte im Polar-Ural. Lapis. 20 (3), 13-26, 35 |
| [MinRec 30:465] | |
| Moralev, G. V., Borisov, A. V., Surenkov, S. V., Nagaeva, S. P., Tarbaev, M. B., Kuznetsov, S. K., ... & Soboleva, A. A. (2005). Distribution and modes of occurrence of REE at the Chudnoe and Nesterovskoe occurrences of Au-Pd-REE ore mineralization in the Maldynyrd Range, Nether-Polar Urals. Geochemistry International, 43(11), 1078-1097. |
| Lyalina, L.M., Selivanova, E.A., Savchenko, Ye.E., Zozulya, D.R., Kadyrova, G.I. (2014): Minerals of the gadolinite-(Y)–hingganite-(Y) series in the alkali granite pegmatites of the Kola Peninsula. Geology of Ore Deposits, 56, 675-684. |
| Voloshin A.V., Pakhomovskii Ya.A. [Волошин А. В., Пахомовский Я. А.] (1986): Minerals and evolution of mineral formation in amazonite pegmatites of the Kola Peninsula [Минералы и эволюция минералообразования в амазонитовых пегматитах Кольского полуострова]. Nauka, Leningrad, 168 pp. (in Russian). |
South Africa | |
| Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa. |
Spain | |
| Ковальчук, Н. С., & Шумилова, Т. Г. (2014). Редкоземельная и циРконий-ниобиевая минеРализация в алмазсодеРжащих каРбонатитах о. ФуэРтевентуРа (испания). Вестник института геологии Коми научного центра Уральского отделения РАН, (10 (238)). |
| Garcia-Guinea, J., Correcher, V., Quejido, A., LaIglesia, A., & Can, N. (2005). The role of rare earth elements and Mn 2+ point defects on the luminescence of bavenite. Talanta, 65(1), 54-61. |
| Mineralogical Magazine 70(4),397-404(2006) | |
| Tanago, J. G., Lozano, P. L., Larios, A. , La Iglesia, A. (2012) Stokesite crystals from La Cabrera, Madrid, Spain. Mineralogical Record 43:499-508 | |
| Calvo, M., Viñals, J. and Vila, F. (2009) Mineralogy of the pegmatites and miarolitic cavities in the granitic batholit of Porriño, Pontevedra, galicia, Spain. Mineral Up, (2009-1), 6-23 |
Sweden | |
| No reference listed |
| Natural History Museum, Stockholm, Sweden collection, inventory nr. 20160256 |
| Sjögren, H.(1897): Kainosit från Kogrufvan på Nordmarksfältet. Geologiska Föreningen i Stockholm Förhandlingar, 19: 54-60; Amer. Min. (1930) 15:205-219 |
Switzerland | |
| Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 235. |
| Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 235. |
| Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 235. |
| Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 235. |
| Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 236. |
| Handbook of Mineralogy (http://www.handbookofmineralogy.org/pdfs/kainositey.pdf) | |
| Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 235. |
| S Wolfsried collection |
| |
| Graeser S., Reuse G. (2005) - Minéraux provenant du tunnel routier de Martigny. Le Cristallier Suisse, n°1, pp: 23-32 | |
| Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 394. | |
| Meisser, N. (2012): La minéralogie de l'uranium dans le massif des Aiguilles Rouges. Matér. Géol. Suisse, Sér. géotech. 96, 183 p. |
| Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 235. |
| Meisser, N. (2012): La minéralogie de l'uranium dans le massif des Aiguilles Rouges. Matér. Géol. Suisse, Sér. géotech. 96, 183 p. |
UK | |
| S. Rust collection; UKJMM 26:23-26 |
| UKJMM 26:23-26 |
| UKJMM 26:23-26; UKJMM Vol.29 p.15 | |
| Green, D.I. and McCallum, D. (2005) Kainosite-(Y) from the Strontian Mines, Highland Region, Scotland. UK Journal of Mines & Minerals, vol. 26, 23-26.; Green, D.I., Tindle, A.G., Hubbard, N., McCallum, D., and Jackson, B. (2008) Heulandite-Sr and heulandite-Ba, two zeolite group minerals new to Britain from Whitesmith Mine, Strontian, Highland Region, Scotland. Journal of the Russell Society, vol. 11, 80-86. | |
| |
Ukraine | |
| ДУБИНА, А. В., КРИВДИК, С. Г., МИТРОХИН, А. В., СОБОЛЕВ, В. Б., ВИШНЕВСКИЙ, А. А., & ГРЕЧАНОВСКАЯ, Е. Е. (2014). РЕДКОМЕТАЛЛЬНАЯ МИНЕРАЛИЗАЦИЯ И ГЕНЕЗИС ЖИЛЬНЫХ ЩЕЛОЧНЫХ СИЕНИТОВ ПЕНИЗЕВИЧСКОГО РУДОПРОЯВЛЕНИЯ (КОРОСТЕНСКИЙ АНОРТОЗИТ-РАПАКИВИГРАНИТНЫЙ ПЛУТОН). МІНЕРАЛОГІЧНИЙ ЖУРНАЛ, 36(1), 12-25. |
USA | |
| Henry Barwood - unpublished (2010) |
| Hanson, S.L. and Zito, G. (2013) Mineralogy of Miarolitic Pegmatites in the Stove Mountain Area, Colorado. The 40th Rochester Mineralogical Symposium, Contributed Papers in Specimen Mineralogy, 14-15. |
| AmMin 47:328 |
| "Minerals of Colorado, updated & revised", pp. 14-15, by Eckel, Edwin B., 1997 |
| Grant Martin's Collection |
| Rocks & Min. 70:247 |
| U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.; Am Min (1964) 49:1736-1741 |
| Handbook of Mineralogy (http://www.handbookofmineralogy.org/pdfs/kainositey.pdf) | |
| King, V. and Foord, E., 2000, Mineralogy of Maine, volume 2, Addenda. |
| USGS Open File report 2010-5220 |
| http://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2005NE/finalprogram/abstract_83497.htm |
| [Mineralogical Record 31:420] |
| K. Wood collection |
| Minerals of Virginia, 1990 by R. V. Dietrich |
| Markus B. Raschke, Evan J. D. Anderson, Alexandra Skewes, Julien Allaz, Henrik Friis, Joseph Smyth, Charles Stern, Philip M. Persson, Rhiana Henry, Katharina Pfaff, Rudy Tschernich, and Randy Becker (2016) Unusual REE and rare element minerals from pegmatites and alkaline granites: thalenite and brannockite from the Golden Horn Batholith, Washington, and South Platte Pegmatite district, Colorado (USA). Second Eugene E. Foord Pegmatite Symposium July 15-19, 2016 Colorado School of Mines campus, Golden, Colorado |
| Micro Probe Volume VI Number 8; Rocks and Minerals, 66:6, p. 458; American Mineralogist, V.73, p.1191-1194 |
Amphibolite quarry, Haslach im Kinzigtal, Haslach im Kinzigtal, Ortenaukreis, Freiburg Region, Baden-Württemberg, Germany