Libethenite
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Formula:
Cu2(PO4)(OH)
Colour:
Light to dark green, blackish green, olive-green; bluish green to light green in transmitted light.
Lustre:
Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Waxy, Greasy
Hardness:
4
Specific Gravity:
3.97
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Member of:
Name:
Named in 1823 by August Breithaupt after the type locality - Ľubietová (Libethen in German, Libetbánya in Hungarian), Slovak Republic. Prior to 1919, the locality was in the territory of Hungary.
Type Locality:
Olivenite Group. Libethenite-Olivenite Series.
Compare zincolibethenite.
Libethenite is a secondary copper phosphate mineral found in the oxidized zone of copper ore deposits. The phosphate is often derived from the weathering of apatite and other rock-forming phosphates such as monazite and xenotime.
A rare case of probable primary libethenite from a greisen deposit is reported by Sejkora et al. (2006).
Compare zincolibethenite.
Libethenite is a secondary copper phosphate mineral found in the oxidized zone of copper ore deposits. The phosphate is often derived from the weathering of apatite and other rock-forming phosphates such as monazite and xenotime.
A rare case of probable primary libethenite from a greisen deposit is reported by Sejkora et al. (2006).
Classification of Libethenite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
7/B.06-10
8.BB.30
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H2O
B : With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 about 1:1
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H2O
B : With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 about 1:1
Dana 7th ed.:
41.6.6.2
41.6.6.2
41 : ANHYDROUS PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
6 : A2(XO4)Zq
41 : ANHYDROUS PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
6 : A2(XO4)Zq
19.2.1
19 : Phosphates
2 : Phosphates of Cu
19 : Phosphates
2 : Phosphates of Cu
Physical Properties of Libethenite
Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Waxy, Greasy
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Comment:
Somewhat greasy on fracture surfaces.
Colour:
Light to dark green, blackish green, olive-green; bluish green to light green in transmitted light.
Streak:
Light green
Hardness:
4 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Poor/Indistinct
Very indistinct on {100} and {010}.
Very indistinct on {100} and {010}.
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven, Conchoidal
Density:
3.97 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.972 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Libethenite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.701 - 1.704 nβ = 1.743 - 1.747 nγ = 1.787 - 1.790
2V:
Measured: 80° to 90°, Calculated: 88°
Birefringence:
0.080
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.086

Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
High
Dispersion:
strong r > v
Optical Extinction:
XYZ = bca
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
X= Pale yellowish blue
Z= Pale greenish blue
Z= Pale greenish blue
Chemical Properties of Libethenite
Formula:
Cu2(PO4)(OH)
IMA Formula:
Cu2PO4(OH)
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
As
Crystallography of Libethenite
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Space Group:
Pnnm
Cell Parameters:
a = 8.062(5) Å, b = 8.384(4) Å, c = 5.881(2) Å
β = 90°
β = 90°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.962 : 1 : 0.701
Unit Cell V:
404.27 ų
Z:
4
Morphology:
Crystals short prismatic or slightly elongated [100] with wedge-shaped terminations; also equant. {110} vertically grooved or striated, and {011} striated parallel to the edge with {111}.
Twinning:
None observed.
Crystallographic forms of Libethenite
Crystal Atlas:
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Edge Lines | Miller Indicies | Axes
Transparency
Opaque | Translucent | Transparent
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Edge Lines | Miller Indicies | Axes
Transparency
Opaque | Translucent | Transparent
View
Along a-axis | Along b-axis | Along c-axis | Start rotation | Stop rotation
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
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Radiation - Copper Kα
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
5.807 | (80) |
4.820 | (100) |
4.756 | (70) |
3.720 | (50) |
2.644 | (40) |
2.627 | (60) |
2.412 | (30) |
Comments:
ICDD 36-404
Type Occurrence of Libethenite
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Polymetallic hydrothermal or deposit
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Libethenite
Other Language Names for Libethenite
Dutch:Libetheniet
Italian:Libethenite
Aferesa
Aferesa
Russian:Либетенит
Simplified Chinese:羟磷铜矿
Slovak:Libethenit
Spanish:Libethenita
Traditional Chinese:羥磷銅石
Varieties of Libethenite
Pseudolibethenite | Said to contain more water than Libethenite, probably identical with libethenite |
Zincian Libethenite |
Relationship of Libethenite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Adamite | Zn2(AsO4)(OH) | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnnm |
Auriacusite | Fe3+Cu2+(AsO4)O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnnm |
Eveite | Mn2+2(AsO4)(OH) | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnnm |
Olivenite | Cu2(AsO4)(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
Unnamed (Sb-analogue of Auriacusite) | Fe3+Cu2+(Sb,AsO4)O | |
Zincolibethenite | CuZn(PO4)(OH) | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnnm |
Zincolivenite | CuZn(AsO4)(OH) | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnnm |
Forms a series with:
Common Associates
Atacamite | Cu2(OH)3Cl |
Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
Limonite | (Fe,O,OH,H2O) |
Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
Pseudomalachite | Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4 |
Pyromorphite | Pb5(PO4)3Cl |
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
Pseudomalachite | 168 photos of Libethenite associated with Pseudomalachite on mindat.org. |
Quartz | 168 photos of Libethenite associated with Quartz on mindat.org. |
Atacamite | 52 photos of Libethenite associated with Atacamite on mindat.org. |
Halloysite | 45 photos of Libethenite associated with Halloysite on mindat.org. |
Chrysocolla | 45 photos of Libethenite associated with Chrysocolla on mindat.org. |
Malachite | 32 photos of Libethenite associated with Malachite on mindat.org. |
Turquoise | 17 photos of Libethenite associated with Turquoise on mindat.org. |
Cornetite | 12 photos of Libethenite associated with Cornetite on mindat.org. |
Rashleighite | 7 photos of Libethenite associated with Rashleighite on mindat.org. |
Azurite | 6 photos of Libethenite associated with Azurite on mindat.org. |
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping
8.BB.X | Arsenowagnerite | Mg2(AsO4)F | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
8.BB.05 | Amblygonite | LiAl(PO4)F | Tric. 1 : P1 |
8.BB.05 | Montebrasite | LiAl(PO4)(OH) | Tric. 1 : P1 |
8.BB.05 | Tavorite | LiFe3+(PO4)(OH) | Tric. 1 : P1 |
8.BB.10 | Triplite | (Mn2+,Fe2+)2(PO4)(F,OH) | Mon. 2/m |
8.BB.10 | Zwieselite | (Fe2+,Mn2+)2(PO4)F | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
8.BB.15 | Sarkinite | Mn2+2(AsO4)(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P2/m |
8.BB.15 | Triploidite | (Mn2+,Fe2+)2(PO4)(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P2/b |
8.BB.15 | Wagnerite | (Mg,Fe2+)2(PO4)F | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
8.BB.15 | Wolfeite | (Fe2+,Mn2+)2(PO4)(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
8.BB.15 | Stanĕkite | (Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg)Fe3+(PO4)O | Mon. |
8.BB.15 | Joosteite | Mn2+(Mn3+,Fe3+)(PO4)O | Mon. 2/m |
8.BB.15 | Hydroxylwagnerite | Mg2(PO4)(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
8.BB.20 | Holtedahlite | Mg2(PO4)(OH) | Trig. 3m : P3 1m |
8.BB.20 | Satterlyite | (Fe2+,Mg,Fe)12(PO4)5(PO3OH)(OH,O)6 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3 1m |
8.BB.25 | Althausite | Mg4(PO4)2(OH,O)(F,☐) | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma |
8.BB.30 | Adamite | Zn2(AsO4)(OH) | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnnm |
8.BB.30 | Eveite | Mn2+2(AsO4)(OH) | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnnm |
8.BB.30 | Olivenite | Cu2(AsO4)(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
8.BB.30 | Zincolibethenite | CuZn(PO4)(OH) | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnnm |
8.BB.30 | Zincolivenite | CuZn(AsO4)(OH) | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnnm |
8.BB.30 | Auriacusite | Fe3+Cu2+(AsO4)O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnnm |
8.BB.35 | Paradamite | Zn2(AsO4)(OH) | Tric. 1 : P1 |
8.BB.35 | Tarbuttite | Zn2(PO4)(OH) | Tric. 1 : P1 |
8.BB.40 | Barbosalite | Fe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
8.BB.40 | Hentschelite | CuFe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 | Mon. |
8.BB.40 | Lazulite | (Mg,Fe2+)Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
8.BB.40 | Scorzalite | Fe2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
8.BB.40 | Wilhelmkleinite | ZnFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 | Mon. |
8.BB.45 | Trolleite | Al4(PO4)3(OH)3 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
8.BB.50 | Namibite | Cu(BiO)2(VO4)(OH) | Tric. 1 : P1 |
8.BB.55 | Phosphoellenbergerite | (Mg,◻)2Mg12(PO4,PO3OH)6(PO3OH,CO3)2(OH)6 | Hex. |
8.BB.60 | Urusovite | CuAl(AsO4)O | Mon. |
8.BB.65 | Theoparacelsite | Cu3(As2O7)(OH)2 | Orth. |
8.BB.70 | Turanite | Cu5(VO4)2(OH)4 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
8.BB.75 | Stoiberite | Cu5(VO4)2O2 | Mon. |
8.BB.80 | Fingerite | Cu11(VO4)6O2 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
8.BB.85 | Averievite | Cu6(VO4)2O2Cl2 | Trig. |
8.BB.90 | Lipscombite | Fe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 | Tet. |
8.BB.90 | Richellite | CaFe3+2(PO4)2(OH,F)2 | Amor. |
8.BB.90 | Zinclipscombite | ZnFe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 | Tet. 4 2 2 : P43 21 2 |
Related Minerals - Dana Grouping (8th Ed.)
Related Minerals - Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals Grouping
19.2.2 | Cornetite | Cu3(PO4)(OH)3 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbca |
19.2.3 | Reichenbachite | Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4 | Mon. 2/m |
19.2.4 | Ludjibaite | Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
19.2.5 | Pseudomalachite | Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
19.2.6 | Nissonite | Cu2Mg2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 5H2O | Mon. |
19.2.7 | Zapatalite | Cu3Al4(PO4)3(OH)9 · 4H2O | Tet. |
19.2.8 | Turquoise | Cu(Al,Fe3+)6(PO4)4(OH)8 · 4H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
19.2.9 | Sieleckiite | Cu3Al4(PO4)2(OH)12 · 2H2O | Tric. |
19.2.10 | Planerite | Al6(PO4)2(HPO4)2(OH)8 · 4 H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
19.2.11 | Hentschelite | CuFe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 | Mon. |
19.2.13 | Chalcosiderite | CuFe3+6(PO4)4(OH)8 · 4H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
19.2.14 | Phosphofibrite | (H2O,K)3.5Fe8(PO4)6(OH)7 · 5H2O | Mon. 2/m |
Fluorescence of Libethenite
Not fluorescent in UV
Other Information
Notes:
Readily soluble in acids and ammonia.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
References for Libethenite
Reference List:
Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)
Werner (1789) Bergmaennusches Journal, Freiberg (Neues Bergmannische Journal): 382, 385 (as Olivenerz).
Hausmann, J.F.L. (1813) Handbuch der Mineralogie 3 volumes, Göttingen: 1036 (as Blättricher Olivenmalachite).
Leonhard, K.C. (1821) Handbuch der Oryktognosie. First edition, Heidelberg: 143 (as Octaedrisches Phosphorkupfer).
Breithaupt, A. (1823) Vollständige Characteristik etc., 1st. ed.: 267.
Beudant, F.S. (1832), Trailé élémentaire de Minéralogie, second edition, 2 volumes: 2: 569 (as Aphérèse).
Des Cloizeaux (1858) Annales des mines: 14: 343.
Mueller (1858) Journal of the Chemical Society, London: 11: 202.
Field (1859) Chemical Gazette or Journal of Practical Chemistry, London: 17: 400.
Debray (1861) Comptes rendus de l’Académie des sciences de Paris: 52: 44.
Dana, J.D. (1868) System of Mineralogy, 5th. Edition, New York: 563.
Friedel and Sarasin (1879) Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie: 2: 157.
Schrauf (1880) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 4: 19.
Bergemann (1890) Annalen der Physik, Halle, Leipzig: 104: 190.
Dana, E.S. (1892) System of Mineralogy, 6th. Edition, New York: 786.
Melczer (1904) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 39: 288.
Goldschmidt, V. (1918) Atlas der Krystallformen. 9 volumes, atlas, and text: vol. 5: 149.
Larsen, E.S. (1921) The Microscopic Determination of the Nonopaque Minerals, First edition, USGS Bulletin 679: 100.
Strunz (1936) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 94: 60.
Heritsch (1939) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 102: 1.
Richmond (1940) American Mineralogist: 25: 452.
Guillemin, G. (1956b): Contribution à la minéralogie des arséniates, phosphates et vanadates de cuivre. II. Phosphates et vanadates. Bull. Soc. franç. Minéral. Cristallogr., 79: 219-275.
Rammelsberg, C.F. (1860) Handbuch der Mineralchemie. First edition, Leipzig: 344 (as Pseudo-libethenite).
Canadian Mineralogist (1995): 33: 885-888.
Anthony, J.W., Bideaux, R.A., Bladh, K.W., and Nichols, M.C. (2000) Handbook of Mineralogy, Volume IV. Arsenates, Phosphates, Vanadates. Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson, AZ, 680pp.: 313.
Sejkora, J., Ondruš, P., Fikar, M., Veselovský, F., Mach, Z., Gabašová, A., Skoda, R. & Beran, P. (2006): Supergene minerals at the Huber stock and Schnöd stock deposits, Krásno ore District, the Slavkovský les area, Czech Republic. Journal of the Czech Geological Society 51, 57-101.
Alexei A. Belik, Hyun-Joo Koo, Myung-Hwan Whangbo, Naohito Tsujii, Pan e Naumov, and Eiji Takayama-Muromachi (2007): Magnetic properties of synthetic libethenite Cu2PO4OH: a new spin-gap System. Inorg. Chem., 46, 8684-8689.
Internet Links for Libethenite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-2394.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
Localities for Libethenite
Locality List




All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina | |
| Dina, H. (1993). Hentschelita en Cerro Blanco, Tanti, Córdoba. Informacion Tecnologica, 48(3-4), 277-282. |
Mr. Nelson Valenzuela. | |
Australia | |
| Australian Jour. Mineralogy 10:2 p 79 |
| Chapman, J. R., Sharpe, J. L. and Williams, P. A. (2005): The copper deposits at Girilambone, New South Wales. Australian Journal of Mineralogy, 11, 91-99. |
| McKinnon, A. R., Sharpe, J. L. and Williams, P. A. (2005): Other notable mineral occurrences in the Cobar region. Australian Journal of Mineralogy, 11, 117-121. ; Narromine 1:250 000 Mine Data Sheets |
| Australian Jour. Mineralogy 10:2 pp 53-57 |
A.L. McLean, J.Chapman, J.L. Sharpe and P.A. Williams (2004): The mineralogy of the oxidised zone of the E26 orebody at Northparkes, New South Wales. Australian Journal of Mineralogy 10, 53-57. ; Clissold, M. E. (2007) Aspects of the Supergene Geochemistry of Copper, Nickel and Bismuth. PhD Thesis University of Sydney, Australia 162pp. | |
Australian Journal of Mineralogy 10:2 pp 53-57. | |
| Australian Min. 3:1 (1997) |
| Vera Munro-Smith (2006) Cobalt Mineralisation in Selected Australian Deposits. PhD thesis, University of Western Sydney. |
| www.portergeo.com.au and www.redbankcopper.com.au |
| |
Henry et al (1999) Aust Jnl Mineralogy 5(1) | |
| Steve Sorrell Collection |
Crane, M.J., Sharpe, J.L., and Williams, P.A. (2001): Records of the Australian Museum 53, 49-56.; Munro-Smith, V., Leverett, P., Sciberras, M. J., Sharpe, J. L., Williams, P. A. and Melchiorre, E. B. (2015): Copper and cobalt mineralization from the Desolation prospect, Mount Isa Block, Queensland. Australian Journal of Mineralogy 17, 83-87.; Vera Munro-Smith (2006) Cobalt Mineralisation in Selected Australian Deposits. PhD thesis, University of Western Sydney. | |
[UKJMM 19:24] | |
Steve Sorrell Collection | |
Crane, M.J., Sharpe, J.L., and Williams, P.A. (2001): Records of the Australian Museum 53, 49-56. | |
| Crane, M.J., Sharpe, J.L., and Williams, P.A. (2001): Records of the Australian Museum 53, 49-56. |
| Uwe Kolitsch collection |
| Crane, M.J., Sharpe, J.L., and Williams, P.A. (2001): Records of the Australian Museum 53, 49-56. |
Karl Volkman collection | |
| [UKJMM 19:24] |
| Day, B. E. & Beyer, B. D. (1996): Some mines of the Mt Isa district. Part 3 - The Mt Oxide mine. Australian J. of Mineralogy 2 (1), 3-10. |
| www.crocoite.com (Steve Sorrell) and refs therein |
| Museum Victoria Mineralogy Collection Judy Rowe Collection |
Judy Rowe Collection | |
| Mineralogical Record: 32: 214. |
| [MinRec 15:106-107, 12:107, 25:127-128]; Noble R.J., Just J. and Johnson J. E., (1983), Catalogue of South Australian Minerals-1983, Government Printer, Adelaide, South Australia.; Grguric, B., Pring, A. & Drew, G. (1994), "The Burra Burra mine, Burra, South Australia", Mineralogical Record, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 121-129. |
| Steve Sorrell Collection |
| [AmMin 85:1321]; Am Min 93:691-697; W.D. Birch & D.A.Henry 1993. Phosphate Minerals of Victoria, The Mineralogical Society of Victoria special publication No. 3, pp. 14-27; D.A.Henry & W.D.Birch 1998. Sampleite and associated minerals from Lake Boga granite quarry, Victoria, Australia. Australian Mineralogist Vol. 3 Oct.-Dec. 1988, pp. 135-148 |
| Nickel, E.H., Gartrell, B.J. (1993) Secondary Minerals of Ashburton Downs Western Australia, Mineralogical Record (May-June 1993) 24:3: 203-218. |
Mineralogical Record 24,203-216,218. | |
Nickel, E., Gartrell, B(1993): Secondary Minerals from Ashburton Downs Western Australia, Mineralogical Record (May-June 1993): 24:3:203-218 | |
| Moolooite, a Naturally Occurring Hydrated Copper Oxalate; R.M. Clarke and I.R. Williams; Mineralogical Magazine, June 1986, Vol 50, pp 295-298 |
Clarke, R.M., Williams, I.R. (1986) Moolooite, a naturally occurring hydrated copper oxalate from Western Australia, Mineralogical Magazine (June 1986) Vol.50, pp295-298. | |
Belgium | |
| Michel Bloindieau |
| Hatert, F., Deliens, M., Fransolet, A.-M. & van der Meersche, E. (2002): Les minéraux de Belgique. 2ème édition, Muséum des Sciences Naturelles, Bruxelles, Ed., 304 p. |
| Blondieau, M. (2005): Les gisements minéraux du Salmien dans le massif de Stavelot. Published by M. Blondieau, Tellin, Belgium, 90 pp. |
- Blondieau, M. (2005): Les gisements minéraux du Salmien dans le massif de Stavelot. Published by M. Blondieau, Tellin, Belgium, 90 pp. | |
- Blondieau, M. (2005): Les gisements minéraux du Salmien dans le massif de Stavelot. Published by M. Blondieau, Tellin, Belgium, 90 pp. | |
Brazil | |
| Sergio Varvello collection |
| Cornejo, C. and Bartorelli, A. (2009): Minerals & precious stones of Brazil. Solaris Cultural Publications, São Paulo, Brazil, 704 pp. |
Chile | |
| Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 863, 946; Mineralogical Record: 9: 330. |
| Bárbara Romero, Shoji Kojima, Chilong Wong, Fernando Barra, Walter Véliz and Joaquin Ruiz (2011): Molybdenite Mineralization and Re-Os Geochronology of the Escondida and Escondida Norte Porphyry Deposits, Northern Chile. Resource Geology 61, 91–100. |
| Maurizio Dini database 2007 |
| maurizio dini collection - analysed specimens |
| Samples analysed by Dr. Jochen Schluter (Hamburg University), Germany. |
| Terry Szenics |
| Lieber, W., Schnorrer, G., (1993): Idiomorphe Pseudomalachit-Kristalle aus der Mina La Farola bei Copiapo, Chile, Der Aufschluss, Vol. 44, pp. 301-307 |
| collected and analysed by french mineralogist Remy Phillippe |
| Leon Hupperichs collection |
| Josef Vajdak (2002) Mineral News, 18, #1, 6. |
| Samples analysed by Dr. Jochen Schluter, Curator of Hamburg Mineralogical Museum, Germany, and Dr. Hubert Putz (Salzburg Department of Mineralogy) |
| Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 863; Mineralogical Record: 23: 433. |
| Sulphides analysed by geology dep. of company; sulphates, phosphates, analysed by Bob Jenkins (Usa) 2007 |
China | |
| Jingqu Yao (1981): Geology and Prospecting 17(7), 35-40 |
Czech Republic | |
| Gröbner, J. und Braith, H. (2004): Libethenit von Vrancice, Revier Pribram / CR. Lapis, 29 (3), 42-42 (in German). |
J.Gröbner 2004 | |
| Vrtiška L., Sejkora J., Malíková R. (2016) Philipsburgit z Krásna u Horního Slavkova, Slavkovský les (Česká republika); Philipsburgite from Krásno near Horní Slavkov, Slavkovský les Mts. (Czech Republic);. Bull. mineral.-petrolog. Odd. Nár. Muz. (Praha), 24, 2, 243-251. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318110009_Philipsburgite_from_Krasno_near_Horni_Slavkov_Slavkovsky_les_Mts_Czech_Republic |
| Petr Pauliš (2000): Nejzajímavější mineralogická naleziště Čech, Kuttna, Kutná Hora; Sejkora, J., Ondruš, P., Fikar, M., Veselovský, F., Mach, Z., Gabašová, A., Skoda, R. & Beran, P. (2006): Supergene minerals at the Huber stock and Schnöd stock deposits, Krásno ore District, the Slavkovský les area, Czech Republic. Journal of the Czech Geological Society 51, 57-101. |
| Lapis 2002(7/8), 63-65 |
Democratic Republic of the Congo | |
| M Kampf collection |
| Lapis 17(3), 13-40 (1992) |
| |
| Bull. Mineral., 1988, 111 |
| Piret, P., Deliens, M., & Piret-Meunier, J. (1985). Occurrence and crystal structure of kipushite, a new copper-zinc phosphate from Kipushi, Zaire. Canadian Mineralogist, 23, 35-42. |
| |
| In the collection of Brent Thorne. Acquired from Jewel Tunnel Imports.; Wilson, W. E. (2018) The Musonoi mine, Kolwezi District, Lualaba Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Mineralogical Record 49:236-304 |
| Deliens, M. L (1989) Agardite-(y) De Mutoshi, Shaba, Zaire. Annales de la Societe Geolique de Belgique 112:207-213 |
Paul De Bondt collection | |
| |
Lapis 17(3), 13-40 (1992) | |
Finland | |
| Mäkitie, H. &al. 2001. Compositional variations of granitic pegmatites in relation to regional metamorphism in the Seinäjoki region, western Finland. In: Svecofennian granitic pegmatites (1.86-1.79 Ga) and quartz monzonite (1.87 Ga), and their metamorphic enviroment in the Seinäjoki region western Finland. Geological Survey of Finland, Special Paper 30, 31-59. |
Alviola, R 1989.The granitic pegmatites of the Somero-Tammela area.Symposium Precambrian granitoids.Petrogenesis, geochemistry and metallogeny, August 14-17, 1989, Helsinki, Finland.Excursion C1: Lateorogenic and synorogenic Svecofennian granitoids and associated pegmatites of southern Finland. ed S. I. Lahti.Geologian tutkimuskeskus, Espoo, Opas 26, 41-48. | |
France | |
| Mario Mebus collection (SXRD-analysed by Uwe Kolitsch) |
Y. Vessely collection | |
| Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 863. |
| [Le Cahier des Micromonteurs 1988, 4, p.6-46] |
| Wittern, Journée: "Mineralien finden in den Vogesen", 1997 |
| Patureau, J., Chiappero, P-J. & Lebocey, J. (2011): Mines et minéraux de Montebras, Soumans, Creuse. Le Règne Minéral. 99, 5-33 |
| Falgayrolles (Aveyron), Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, n°3 2010 Les Mineraux de la Mine de Falgayrolles ( Aveyron ) - Favreau G., Eytier J-R., Eytier C. (2010), Les minéraux de la mine de Falgayrolles (Aveyron), Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, n°109 |
| Patrice Queneau Collection; Jean Claude Dol; Boisson, J.-M. & Leconte, J. (2014): Analyses 2012-2013 MNHN-MICROMONTEURS. La revue de Micromonteurs, 21. |
| Robert Pecorini collection |
Germany | |
| K. Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992 |
| Wittern,A. (1995) Mineralien finden im Schwarzwald |
| U. Kolitsch, G. Blaß, H.-W. Graf und J. Gröbner (2004): Neufunde aus der Grube Clara im mittleren Schwarzwald. Lapis 29 (2) 18-23; 50. (in German) |
| http://www.berthold-weber.de/h_miner.htm |
| Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001 |
| Collection of Steffen Michalski, ex-collection and collected by Klaus PETITJEAN |
| Lapis, 12 (10), 23-32+58. |
| Blaß, G. & Möhn, G. (2010): Neue Mineralien von der Grube Mark bei Essershausen im Taunus. Mineralien-Welt 21 (2), 26-29. |
| Blaß, G. & Graf, H. W. (1995): Neufunde von Schlackenhalden in der nördlichen Eifel (II). Mineralien-Welt, 6 (3), 28-31. |
| Graf, HW., (1991): Die Grube Bendisberg, bei Virneburg / Eifel, Mineralien-Welt 5/91 |
| Christof Schäfer |
| - Gerhard Müller: Bergbau-PSL-Mineralogie, Blatt Reimsbach Punkt 6506.30-1, Seite 1-9,(Saarbrücken 1996) |
R. Lang pers. finds | |
| J. Gröbner und U. Kolitsch (2006): Neufunde aus dem Erzgebirge (II). Mineralien-Welt 17 (3), 22-27. |
Lapis 30(7/8):78-80 (2005) | |
| http://www.dergraul.de |
| Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001 |
| Confirmed by Steffen Michalski |
| T. Witzke et al.: Lapis 2001(12), 13-27 |
Italy | |
| Larocca F. (2012): Grotta della Monaca (Calabria, Italia Meridionale): Una miniera neolitica per l’estrazione dell’ocra. In: Borrell M. et al., (eds.), (2012), Xarxes al Neolític. Circulació i intercanvi de materiès, productes i idees a la Mediterrània occidental (VII-III millenni aC). Actes Congrés Internacional, Gavà/Bellaterra, 2-4 febrer 2011. Rubricatum, 5, 249-256. |
| Balestra, C., & Kolitsch, U. (2007). Segnalazione di libethenite alla miniera di Monte Nero. Prie, 3 (2007), 27-29. |
| Perchiazzi N., Preite D. (1986) - Libethenite e Vesuviana di Sa Duchessa (CA) - Riv. Miner. Ital., Milano, fasc. 4, pp. 188-189 |
| Ruggieri, G., Lattanzi, P., Luxoro, S., Dessi, R., Benvenuti. M, & Tanelli, G., 1997. Geology, Mineralogy and Fluid Inclusion Data of the Furtei High Sulfidation Gold Deposit, Sardinia, Italy. Economic Geology, 92 (1), 1-19. |
Ruggieri, G., Lattanzi, P., Luxoro, S., Dessi, R., Benvenuti. M, & Tanelli, G., 1997. Geology, Mineralogy and Fluid Inclusion Data of the Furtei High Sulfidation Gold Deposit, Sardinia, Italy. Economic Geology, 92 (1), 1-19. | |
| Bardi, T., Bazzoni, C., Bernocchi, M., Betti, C., Biagioni, C., D'Orazio, M. & Pagani, G. (2017) Cretaio. La vecchia ricerca cuprifera presso Prata, Massa Marittima (GR). Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 41, 104-118. |
Japan | |
| Takada & Matsubara (1989) Chigaku Kenkyu, 38, 75-82 |
Kazakhstan | |
| Evseev, A. A. (1995) Kazaknstan and Middle Asia. A brief Mineralogical Guide. World of Stone 8:24-30 |
Laos | |
| Michael Stott |
Mexico | |
| No reference listed |
Thomas P. Moore (2008) Lapis, 33, #7-8, 33-40. | |
| |
| Espinosa Perea, V. J. (1999). Magmatic evolution and geochemistry of the Piedras Verdes deposit, Sonora, Mexico. MS thesis University of Arizona |
| In the collection of Georges Favreau. |
Lapis 2001(1), 11-40 | |
Lapis 2001(1), 11-40 | |
| Mineralogical Magazine 1972 38 : 541-544. |
Morocco | |
| Favreau, G. (2012): Les minéralisations à phosphates de la pegmatite d'Angarf-Sud (Maroc).Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, 3-2012, 3-70. |
Poland | |
| Siuda, R., Gołębiowska, B. (2003): Nowe dane o minerałach wietrzeniowych złoża Miedzianka-Ciechanowice w Rudawach Janowickich (Dolny Śląsk, Polska). Przegląd Geologiczny: 59(3): 226-252 (in Polish) |
Portugal | |
| Pedro Alves collection. |
| Alves, P. and Kampf, A.R. (2017) A mina de ferro e manganês da Herdade dos Pendões, Odemira, sudoeste de Portugal. Acopios, 8: 17-62. (in Portuguese). |
| |
| Martins da Pedra collection |
| Pedro Alves and Rui Nunes visit 18 July 2015 |
| Bello mineral collection in the MNHN Lisbon. Rui Nunes and Artur Neves collections. |
| Pedro Alves Collection. |
| [www.johnbetts-fineminerals.com] |
| Pedro Alves collection and analytical data. |
Pedro Alves Collection | |
Pedro Alves collection and analytical data. | |
| Schnorrer-Köhler (1991), Mineral Occurrences. |
Alves, P. and Mills, S. (2013) Nuevos datos sobre los fosfatos de Bendada, Sabugal (Portugal). Acopios, 4, 349-377 | |
| Bello, A. de Oliveira, 1910, Minéraux Portugais - Bulletin de la Société Portugaise des Sciences Naturelles, Vol IV, fasc. 2, Livraria Ferin, Lisboa. Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência, Lisbon [former A. Bello mineral collection]. |
| Pedro Alves collection |
Republic of Congo (Brazzaville) | |
| Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 863.; Demetrius Pohl, http://www.mindat.org/mesg-6-234115.html |
Romania | |
| http://minerals-of-the-carpathians.eu |
Russia | |
| Pavel M. Kartashov data; Yakovenchuk, V.N., Pakhomovsky, Ya.A., Konoplyova, N.G., Panikorovskii, T.L., Mikhailova, Yu.A., Bocharov, V.N., Krivovichev, S.V., Ivanyuk, G.Yu. (2017): Epifanovite, NaCaCu5(PO4)4[AsO2(OH)2]·7H2O a new mineral from the Këster deposit (Sakha-Yakutia, Russia). Zapiski RMO, 146(3), 30-38.; Yakovenchuk, V. N., Pakhomovsky, Y. A., Konopleva, N. G., Panikorovskii, T. L., Bazai, A., Mikhailova, J. A., ... & Krivovichev, S. V. (2018). Batagayite, CaZn 2 (Zn, Cu) 6 (PO 4) 4 (PO 3 OH) 3· 12H 2 O, a new phosphate mineral from Këster tin deposit (Yakutia, Russia): occurrence and crystal structure. Mineralogy and Petrology, 1-11. |
| Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 863. |
Slovakia (TL) | |
| Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 863; Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Abhandlung (1979): 134, 147; Canadian Mineralogist (1995): 33: 885.; Števko, M., Sejkora, J., and Súľovec, Š. (2017) Príspevok k chemickému zloženiu libethenitu z typovej lokality: ložisko Podlipa, Ľubietová (Slovenská republika). Bull. Mineral. Petrolog., 25, 2, 252-259 (in Slovak with English abstract). |
Števko, M., Sejkora, J., and Súľovec, Š. (2017) Príspevok k chemickému zloženiu libethenitu z typovej lokality: ložisko Podlipa, Ľubietová (Slovenská republika). Bull. Mineral. Petrolog., 25, 2, 252-259 (in Slovak with English abstract). | |
| Števko M., Sejkora J. 2014: Contribution to chemical composition of chalcophyllite, pseudomalachite and olivenite group minerals from Špania Dolina-Piesky, Slovak Republic. Book of abstracts, CEMC 2014, 133-134. |
South Africa | |
| Minerals of South Africa; Cairncross, B. and Dixon, R., (1995) Minerals of South Africa. The Geological Society of South Africa. |
| Windisch, W. (2014) An introduction to micromounting. |
| Leon Hupperichs collection |
| Minerals of South Africa |
Spain | |
| Calvo, M. (2015): Minerales y Minas de España. Vol. VII, Fosfatos, arseniatos y vanadatos. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Minas de Madrid - Fundación Gómez Pardo. 479 pp. |
| Minerales y Minas de España, M.Calvo, V.7 (2015) |
| Calvo, M. (2015). Minerales y Minas de España. Vol VII. Fosfatos, Arseniatos y Vanadatos. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Minas de Madrid. Fundación Gómez Pardo. 479 págs. |
| Calvo, M. (2008) Minerales de Aragón. Prames. 463 pages |
| Calvo, M. (2015). Minerales y Minas de España. Vol VII. Fosfatos, Arseniatos y Vanadatos. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Minas de Madrid. Fundación Gómez Pardo. 479 págs. |
| Calvo, M. (2015): Minerales y Minas de España. Vol. VII, Fosfatos, arseniatos y vanadatos. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Minas de Madrid - Fundación Gómez Pardo. 479 pp. |
| Mineralogistes de Catalunya (1997), VII (1): 34-55 |
| Calvo, M. (2015): Minerales y Minas de España. Vol. VII, Fosfatos, arseniatos y vanadatos. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Minas de Madrid - Fundación Gómez Pardo. 479 pp. |
| Viñals, J. and Calvo, M. (2011). Secondary phosphates of La Paloma mine, Zarza la Mayor, Cáceres, Spain. Mineral Up 2 (5), 8-31. |
| http://www.foro-minerales.com/forum/viewtopic.php?p=120347#120347 |
| Fernando Gascón Collection |
| Calvo, M. (2014) "Minerales y Minas de España", Vol. VI (Sulfatos (seleniatos, teluratos),cromatos,molibdatos y wolframatos). Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Minas. Madrid. |
UK | |
| No reference listed |
| Phillips, W. (1823): An Elementary Introduction to the Knowledge of Mineralogy, 3rd ed. William Phillips (London), 535 pp.; Smyth, W.M., Reeks, T., and Rudler, F.W. (1864): A Catalogue of the Mineral Collections in the Museum of Practical Geology. HMSO Publications (London), 190pp.; Hall, T.M. (1868): The Mineralogist's Directory. Edward Stanford (London), 168 pp.; Golley, P., and Williams, R. (1995): Cornish Mineral Reference Manual. Endsleigh Publications (Truro), 104 pp. |
Golley, P., and Williams, R. (1995): Cornish Mineral Reference Manual. Endsleigh Publications (Truro), 104 pp.; Braithwaite, R. S. W., & Ryback, G. (1994). Reichenbachite from Cornwall and Portugal. Mineralogical Magazine, 58(392), 449-454. | |
| Braithwaite, R. S. W., & Ryback, G. (1994). Reichenbachite from Cornwall and Portugal. Mineralogical Magazine, 58(392), 449-454. |
| Smyth, W.M., Reeks, T., and Rudler, F.W. (1864): A Catalogue of the Mineral Collections in the Museum of Practical Geology. HMSO Publications (London), 190pp.; Hall, T.M. (1868): The Mineralogist's Directory. Edward Stanford (London), 168 pp.; Hill, J.B., MacAlister, D.A., and Flett, J.S. (1906): The geology of Falmouth and Truro and of the mining district of Camborne and Redruth. HSMO Publications (London), 335 pp.; Braithwaite, R. S. W., & Ryback, G. (1994): Mineralogical Magazine, 58(392), 449-454; Rocks & Min. 17, 130 |
[Golley & Williams, 1995, 38 - "Cornish Mineral Reference Manual"] | |
| Lapis 11(2), 34 (1986) |
Royal Cornwall Polytechnic Society (1870): 38. Annual Report, pp. 30-31 | |
| Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 863; Golley & Williams, 1995, 38 - "Cornish Mineral Reference Manual"] [Embrey & Symes, 1987, 110 - "Minerals of Cornwall and Devon"] |
| No reference listed |
| [Golley & Williams, 1995, 38 - "Cornish Mineral Reference Manual"] |
| No reference listed |
| Elton, N. J. (1998): Barbosalite, frondelite and other phosphates from Gunheath China Clay Pit, St Austell, Cornwall, England. Journal of the Russell Society 7, 15-18; Golley & Williams, 1995, 38 - "Cornish Mineral Reference Manual"; Mineralogical Magazine 1996 60 : 517-518. |
| No reference listed |
| Golley, P. & Williams, R. (1995): Cornish Mineral Reference Manual. Endsleigh Publications (Truro), 104 pp. |
S. Rust Collection | |
| [Golley & Williams, 1995, 38 - "Cornish Mineral Reference Manual"] |
| No reference listed |
| BMS Collection |
| |
| UKJMM 26:31-42 |
USA | |
| Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 276. |
| Rolf Luetcke |
Rolf Luetcke | |
Anthony, J.W., et al (1995),Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 276. | |
| Rolf Luetcke |
Van King and Rolf Luetcke specimens | |
| Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 276. |
| Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 79. |
Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 863; Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 276; Peterson, N.P., et al (1946), Hydrothermal alteration in the Castle Dome copper deposit, AZ, Econ.Geol.: 41: 820-840; Peterson, N.P., et al (1951), Geology and ore deposits of the Castle Dome area, Gila Co., USGS Bull. 971; Peterson, N.P. (1962), Geology and ore deposits of the Globe-Miami District, Arizona, USGS PP 342: 75; Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 72. | |
| Reed, E. F., & Simmons, W. W. (1962). Geological notes on the Miami-Inspiration mine. In Guidebook of the Mogollon Rim region, east-central Arizona: New Mexico Geological Society Guidebook, 13th Field Conference (pp. 153-157). |
| U. S. Geol. Survey, Prof. Paper 43, 118 (1905); Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 863. |
Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 277; Lindgren, W. & W.F. Hillebrand (1904), Minerals from the Clifton-Morenci district, AZ, Amer. Jour. Sci.: 18: 448-460; Rocks & Min.: 21:421; Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 72. | |
Personal communication with Robert Housley; see http://www.mindat.org/mesg-105-252638.html | |
Merritt Stephen Enders (2000) The Evolution of Supergene Enrichment in the Morenci Porphyry Copper Deposit, Greenlee County, Arizona. PhD Thesis, University of Arizona | |
| R. D. Green |
| Rolf Luetcke |
| Rolf Luetcke |
Rolf Luetcke specimen | |
Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 277. | |
| Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 277. |
| Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 277, 336. |
| Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 121, 146, 187, 277; Khin, B.S. (1970), Cornetite from SAginaw Hill, AZ, Min.Rec.: 1: 117-118. |
| Mineralogy of Arizona, Third Edition, 1995 |
| Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 277. |
| Jones, R.W. and W. E. Wilson. 1983. The Ray Mine. Mineralogical Record Vol. 14(5): 311-322. |
Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 277. | |
| D. Court collection |
| Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 277. |
| Grant, Raymond W., Bideaux, R.A., and Williams, S.A. (2006) Minerals Added to the Arizona List 1995-2005: 7. |
| Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 321. |
| Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 243. |
| Hewett, Donnel Foster (1956) Geology and mineral resources of the Ivanpah quadrangle, California and Nevada, USGS Professional Paper 275, 172 pp.: 119; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 322. |
| Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels |
| U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. |
R&M 70:4 pp 242-263 | |
| The Mineralogy of The Butte District, Montana; Guilbert and Zeihen |
| Mineralogical Record 33:1 |
| NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada |
| Photos in mindat galleries. Material collected 2007 by Jim McGlasson. |
| MinRec 26(5):449-469. |
| NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada |
| Mineralogical Record 26:467 |
| John W. Norby and Michael J.T. Orobona (2002) Geology and Mineral Systems of the Mike Deposit. in Gold Deposits of the Carlin Trend , NBMG Bulletin 111 pp 143-167 |
| NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada |
| Dr. William S. Wise presentation to Northwest Micro Mineral Study Group on 1 May 2004, Update on Mineralogy of the Silver Coin Mine, Iron Point District, Edna Mountains, Humboldt Co., Nevada |
| NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada |
| NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada |
| NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada |
| Rocks & Minerals, Nov. 1999 |
NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada | |
Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 863. | |
Rocks & Minerals, Nov. 1999 | |
Pullman, Steven, and Thomssen, Richard, "Nevada Mineral Locality Index" Rocks & Minerals, Vol. 74 No. 6. pg. 375 | |
| NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada |
| Collection of Kelly Starnes 1990 |
| NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada; Jensen, M. (1993): Update on the mineralogy of the Majuba Hill mine, Pershing County. Mineralogical Record. 24, 171-180. |
| NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada |
| D.Court collection |
Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed. | |
| Am Min 38:191-196; Northrop, Minerals of NM, 3rd ed. 1996; Rocks & Minerals 84:492-500 |
| 2008 New Mexico Mineral Symposium abstracts |
| Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed. |
| Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed. |
| Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd Rev. ed., 1996 |
| [Mineralogical Record 30:337] |
Mineralogical Record: 26(5): 483. | |
| Rocks & Min.:58:183. |
| Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 863. |
| Rocks & Minerals: 57: 160 &/or 60: 110 & 112. |
Am Min 70:9-10 pp 1044-1049 | |
| UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah |
| Min Rec 4:6 p252 |
| Rocks & Min.: 60:166. |
Uzbekistan | |
| Pasi Eilu (2003) Exploration for orogenic gold deposits. Fennoscandian Exploration and Mining 2003 Rovaniemi, Finland December 2003 |
Eilu, P. (2003). Exploration for orogenic gold deposits. Fennoscandian Exploration and Mining 2003. Rovaniemi, Finland | |
Zambia | |
| [MinRec 12:394, 11:346-347] |
| Dan Weinrich specimen |
| Korowski, S.P. & Notebaart, C. W. (1978): Libethenite from the Rokana Mine, Zambia. Mineralogical Record. 9 (6): 341-346 |
Korowski, S.P. & Notebaart, C. W. (1978): Libethenite from the Rokana Mine, Zambia. Mineralogical Record. 9 (6): 341-346 |
Miguel Vacas Mine, Conceição, Vila Viçosa, Évora District, Portugal