Annabergite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Annabergite
Formula:
Ni3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O
Colour:
Green, light grey to light apple green, white; pale rose red when rich in cobalt.
Lustre:
Sub-Adamantine, Sub-Vitreous, Pearly, Earthy
Hardness:
1½ - 2½
Specific Gravity:
3.07
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named by Henry J. Brooke and William Hallowes Miller in 1852 after one of the co-type localities, Annaberg, Saxony, Germany.
Vivianite Group, Annabergite-Erythrite Series.
Annabergite is the nickel analogue of Erythrite.
It is often found as a green alteration coating on other nickel minerals.
Annabergite is the nickel analogue of Erythrite.
It is often found as a green alteration coating on other nickel minerals.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
240
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:240:2
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
a5a828a4-7103-46a5-a066-438bde6e6d37
IMA Classification of Annabergite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
Classification of Annabergite
8.CE.40
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
C : Phosphates without additional anions, with H2O
E : With only medium-sized cations, RO4:H2O about 1:2.5
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
C : Phosphates without additional anions, with H2O
E : With only medium-sized cations, RO4:H2O about 1:2.5
Dana 7th ed.:
40.3.6.4
40.3.6.4
40 : HYDRATED NORMAL PHOSPHATES,ARSENATES AND VANADATES
3 : A3(XO4)2·xH2O
40 : HYDRATED NORMAL PHOSPHATES,ARSENATES AND VANADATES
3 : A3(XO4)2·xH2O
20.10.9
20 : Arsenates (also arsenates with phosphate, but without other anions)
10 : Arsenates of Co and Ni
20 : Arsenates (also arsenates with phosphate, but without other anions)
10 : Arsenates of Co and Ni
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Anb | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Pronunciation of Annabergite
Pronunciation:
Play | Recorded by | Country |
---|---|---|
Jolyon Ralph | United Kingdom |
Physical Properties of Annabergite
Sub-Adamantine, Sub-Vitreous, Pearly, Earthy
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Comment:
Pearly on {010} cleavage, dull when massive.
Colour:
Green, light grey to light apple green, white; pale rose red when rich in cobalt.
Comment:
Color may be light pink or light rose at Co:Ni ~ 1:1 (50-50 rule), then becomes white or gray, pale green, and apple-green in the Annabergite end of the series.
Streak:
Pale green to white (paler than the mineral color).
Hardness:
1½ - 2½ on Mohs scale
Comment:
Softest on {010}.
Tenacity:
Sectile
Cleavage:
Perfect
Perfect on {010}, indistinct on {100}, {102}.
Perfect on {010}, indistinct on {100}, {102}.
Translation gliding:
T{010}, t[001].
Comment:
Flexible in thin {010} laminae
Density:
3.07 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.146 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Comment:
3.0 (artificial material).
Optical Data of Annabergite
Type:
Biaxial (+/-)
RI values:
nα = 1.622 nβ = 1.658 nγ = 1.687
2V:
Measured: 84° , Calculated: 82°
Birefringence:
0.065
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.065
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
relatively weak r > v
Optical Extinction:
X=b, Z^c=36°
Pleochroism:
Non-pleochroic
Comments:
Usually biaxial positive, may be biaxial negative
Chemistry of Annabergite
Mindat Formula:
Ni3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
Co,Mg,Ca,Zn,Fe
Crystallography of Annabergite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
B2/m
Setting:
C2/m
Cell Parameters:
a = 10.179(2) Å, b = 13.309(3) Å, c = 4.725(1) Å
β = 105.00(1)°
β = 105.00(1)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.765 : 1 : 0.355
Unit Cell V:
618.30 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Crystals usually rare and of poor quality, prismatic to acicular [001] and flattened {010}. Crystals are deeply striated or furrowed [001], also striated on {010} parallel to {h)l} or {h0l}. Commonly as fine crystalline coatings or earthy.
Crystal Structure
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2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0006618 | Annabergite | Wildner M, Giester G, Lengauer C L, McCammon C A (1996) Structure and crystal chemistry of vivianite-type compounds: Crystal structures of erythrite and annabergite with a Mossbauer study of erythrite European Journal of Mineralogy 8 187-192 | 1996 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Image Loading
Radiation - Copper Kα
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
7.82 Å | (25) |
6.58 Å | (100) |
4.33 Å | (20) |
3.18 Å | (26) |
2.98 Å | (30) |
2.71 Å | (18) |
2.67 Å | (14) |
Comments:
ICDD 11-625
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
47d : [Arsenates, antimonates, selenates, bismuthinates] |
Geological Setting:
An uncommon oxidation zone mineral in Ni-Co-As deposits, frequently post-mine on ores exposed to the atmosphere.
Type Occurrence of Annabergite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Green bladed crystals and green coatings
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Oxide zone in a nickel-bearing sulfide deposit
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Annabergite
Other Language Names for Annabergite
Varieties of Annabergite
Calcium-bearing Annabergite | A calcium-bearing variety of Annabergite. |
Cobalt and Magnesium-bearing Annabergite | A Co2+- and Mg-bearing variety of Annabergite. |
Magnesium-bearing Annabergite | A magnesian variety of Annabergite. Contains Mg in substitution for (Ni,Co) with Mg:(Ni,Co) ~ 1:1.4 (original magnesian material from Spain) and 1:2.46 (material from Lavrion). Originally reported from Sierra Cabrera, Almería, Andalusia, Spain. |
Zinc-bearing Annabergite | Contains Zn in substitution for (Ni,Co), with Zn:(Ni,Co) = 1:3.7 (material from Arburese, Sardinia), and is part of a series toward Köttigite. |
Relationship of Annabergite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Arupite | Ni3(PO4)2 · 8H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Babánekite | Cu3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Barićite | (Mg,Fe)3(PO4)2 · 8H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Erythrite | Co3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Erythrite-Köttigite Series | ||
Hörnesite | Mg3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Köttigite | Zn3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Manganohörnesite | Mn2+3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O | Mon. 2/m : P2/m |
Monteneroite | Cu2+Mn2+2(AsO4)2 · 8H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Pakhomovskyite | Co3(PO4)2 · 8H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Parasymplesite | Fe2+3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Vivianite | Fe2+Fe2+2(PO4)2 · 8H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Forms a series with:
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
191 photos of Annabergite associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
58 photos of Annabergite associated with Gersdorffite | NiAsS |
55 photos of Annabergite associated with Limonite | |
53 photos of Annabergite associated with Nickeline | NiAs |
31 photos of Annabergite associated with Silver | Ag |
27 photos of Annabergite associated with Smithsonite | ZnCO3 |
27 photos of Annabergite associated with Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
27 photos of Annabergite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
22 photos of Annabergite associated with Erythrite | Co3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
22 photos of Annabergite associated with Gaspéite | NiCO3 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
8.CE.X | Babánekite | Cu3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
8.CE. | Monteneroite | Cu2+Mn2+2(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
8.CE.05 | Chudobaite | (Mg,Zn)5(AsO4)2(HAsO4)2 · 10H2O |
8.CE.05 | Geigerite | Mn2+5(AsO4)2(HAsO4)2 · 10H2O |
8.CE.10 | Newberyite | Mg(PO3OH) · 3H2O |
8.CE.15 | Brassite | Mg(HAsO4) · 4H2O |
8.CE.20 | Phosphorrösslerite | Mg(PO3OH) · 7H2O |
8.CE.20 | Rösslerite | Mg(HAsO4) · 7H2O |
8.CE.25 | Metaswitzerite | Mn2+3(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
8.CE.25 | Switzerite | Mn2+3(PO4)2 · 7H2O |
8.CE.30 | Lindackerite | CuCu4(AsO4)2(HAsO4)2 · 9H2O |
8.CE.30 | Ondrušite | CaCu4(AsO4)2(HAsO4)2 · 10H2O |
8.CE.30 | Veselovskýite | ZnCu4(AsO4)2(HAsO4)2 · 9H2O |
8.CE.30 | Pradetite | CoCu4(AsO4)2(HAsO4)2 · 9H2O |
8.CE.30 | Klajite | MnCu4(AsO4)2(HAsO4)2 · 9-10H2O |
8.CE.30 | Hloušekite | (Ni,Co)Cu4(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)2 · 9H2O |
8.CE.35 | Bobierrite | Mg3(PO4)2 · 8H2O |
8.CE.40 | Arupite | Ni3(PO4)2 · 8H2O |
8.CE.40 | Barićite | (Mg,Fe)3(PO4)2 · 8H2O |
8.CE.40 | Erythrite | Co3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
8.CE.40 | Ferrisymplesite | Fe3+3(AsO4)2(OH)3 · 5H2O |
8.CE.40 | Hörnesite | Mg3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
8.CE.40 | Köttigite | Zn3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
8.CE.40 | Manganohörnesite | Mn2+3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
8.CE.40 | Parasymplesite | Fe2+3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
8.CE.40 | Vivianite | Fe2+Fe2+2(PO4)2 · 8H2O |
8.CE.40 | Pakhomovskyite | Co3(PO4)2 · 8H2O |
8.CE.45 | Symplesite | Fe2+3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
8.CE.50 | Cattiite | Mg3(PO4)2 · 22H2O |
8.CE.55 | Koninckite | Fe3+PO4 · 3H2O |
8.CE.60 | Kaňkite | FeAsO4 · 3.5H2O |
8.CE.60 | Hilarionite | Fe3+2(SO4)(AsO4)(OH) · 6H2O |
8.CE.65 | Steigerite | Al(VO4) · 3H2O |
8.CE.70 | Metaschoderite | Al2(PO4)(VO4) · 6H2O |
8.CE.70 | Schoderite | Al2(PO4)(VO4) · 8H2O |
8.CE.75 | Malhmoodite | FeZr(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
8.CE.75 | Zigrasite | MgZr(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
8.CE.75 | UM2009-11-PO:CaHZr | CaZr[PO4]2 · 4H2O |
8.CE.80 | Santabarbaraite | Fe3+3(PO4)2(OH)3 · 5H2O |
8.CE.85 | Metaköttigite | (Zn,Fe,Fe)3(AsO4)2 · 8(H2O,OH) |
8.CE.90 | Slavkovite | Cu13(AsO4)6(AsO3OH)4 · 23H2O |
Fluorescence of Annabergite
Not fluorescent.
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Annabergite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-240.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Annabergite
Reference List:
Cronstedt, Axel Fredrik (1758) Försök till en Mineralogie eller Mineral Rikets Upställning. J. A. Carlbohm, Stockholm.
Brooke, Henry J., Phillips, William (1852) An Elementary Introduction to Mineralogy (6th ed.) pp.503-504
Larsen, Esper S. (1921) The microscopic determination of the nonopaque minerals. Bulletin Vol. 679. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/b679 p.40
Wolfe, C. W. (1940) Classification of minerals of the type A3(XO4)2·nH2O. American Mineralogist, 25 (11) 738-753
Wolfe, C. W. (1940) Classification of minerals of the type A3(XO4)2·nH2O (concluded) American Mineralogist, 25 (12) 787-809 p.804
Majzlan, Juraj, Reichstein, Anna, Haase, Patrick, Števko, Martin, Sejkora, Jiří, Dachs, Edgar (2024) Thermodynamics of vivianite-group arsenates M3(AsO4)2 ⋅ 8H2O (M is Ni, Co, Mg, Zn, Cu) and chemical variability in the natural arsenates of this group. European Journal of Mineralogy, 36 (1) 31-54 doi:10.5194/ejm-36-31-2024
Localities for Annabergite
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina | |
| Paar et al. (2016) |
| Las Especies Minerales de La Republica ... |
| Brodtkorb (2002) |
| de Brodtkorb (1973) |
Australia | |
| Vera Munro-Smith (2006) |
| Noble et al. (1983) |
| H Y L Brown (1893) |
| |
| H Y L Brown (1893) |
| Bottrill et al. (2008) |
| Anderson et al. (2002) |
| Bottrill & Baker +1 other reference |
| Bottrill et al. (2008) |
| Gray et al. (1953) +1 other reference |
| Nickel et al. (1993) +1 other reference |
Austria | |
| Meixner (1976) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| A.Pichler (2012) |
G. Niedermayr (2001) | |
| Pichler (2003) |
| |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Chris Auer collection |
| Pichler (2009) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Postl et al. (2006) |
| Strasser (1989) |
C.Auer (2018) | |
| E. Fugger: Die Mineralien des Herzogthumes Salzburgs (1878) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Gröbner et al. (2008) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2018) |
| Strasser (1989) |
Neschen (n.d.) | |
| Strasser (1989) |
R.Poeverlein (2016) | |
Strasser (1989) | |
Paar et al. (1985) | |
R.Poeverlein (2016) | |
R.Poeverlein (2016) | |
Leblhuber (2000) | |
Poeverlein (2008) | |
| C.Auer (2014) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Strasser (1989) |
Strasser (1989) | |
Archiv f.Lagerstättenforschung | |
Strasser (1989) | |
| Landesmuseum Joanneum (Graz, Styria) |
| C.Auer (2019) |
| C.Auer (2014) |
| www.vstm.at (2004) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Postl (1990) +1 other reference |
| Poeverlein et al. (2007) |
Schnorrer et al. (2005) | |
Schnorrer+Poeverlein (2005) | |
| 58. +1 other reference |
| 58. +1 other reference |
| Kolitsch et al. (2020) |
| Lapis 19 (7/8) |
| Lapis 19 (7/8) |
Bolivia | |
| Anthony et al. (2000) |
| Banco Minero and COMIBOL +1 other reference |
Bulgaria | |
| Minceva-Stefanova (2001) |
ATANASSOVA +1 other reference | |
Canada | |
| Dana 7:II:734 & 753. +1 other reference |
| correspondance with Giles Peatfied |
| Sabina (1976) |
| ntgomap.nwtgeoscience.ca (n.d.) |
Thompson (1951) | |
| Badham et al. (1980) |
Badham | |
Thompson (1951) | |
| Tyson (1989) |
Rich et al. (1977) | |
| Hawley et al. (1962) |
www.ontariominerals.com (2001) | |
| Warren (2013) |
Hawley et al. (1962) | |
| MDI Number: MDI52L07NW00003 |
| 157-158. +1 other reference |
| Sessional papers (1908) +1 other reference |
| 159-161. +1 other reference |
| Satterly +1 other reference |
| Ontario and Quebec. Canadian Geological ... +1 other reference |
| Satterly +1 other reference |
Sabina (2000) | |
Ontario Geological Survey Miscellaneous ... +1 other reference | |
Satterly +2 other references | |
Am Min 10:134 | |
Satterly +1 other reference | |
R.Mielke 2009 | |
Reiner Mielke 2016 | |
Reiner Mielke | |
Reiner Mielke 2016 | |
Sabina | |
Reiner Mielke 2016 | |
Reiner Mielke 2017 | |
Sabina | |
Satterly +1 other reference | |
Sabina (2000) | |
Reiner Mielke | |
In the collection of Brent Thorne. | |
Sabina (2000) | |
| Reiner Mielke 2015 |
Ontario and Quebec. Canadian Geological ... +2 other references | |
| Sabina |
| w. H. MCILWAINE (1971) |
| Ontario Geological Survey Miscellaneous ... +1 other reference |
| Reiner Mielke |
Reiner Mielke | |
Reiner Mielke 2014 | |
Ontario Geological Survey Miscellaneous ... +1 other reference | |
Can Mineral December 1971 v. 11 no. 1 ... +1 other reference | |
| MDI Number: MDI41P08NW00008 |
| Econ Geology (1993) |
| Tarassoff (1994) |
| Am Min 51:677-684 +1 other reference |
| Horváth et al. (2019) |
| Watkinson et al. (1975) |
| Liang (2015) |
Chile | |
| Yale Peabody Museum collection #701 +1 other reference |
| Sample in the I. Domeyko Museum |
| Enami (Chilean National Agency for Small Mine Development) |
China | |
| Self collected David Clayton |
| Keevil et al. (2022) |
| Li +8 other references |
| Xishe Zhang (2012) |
| Yongrui Zhao and Yunqing Zhen (2006) |
Yongrui Zhao and Yunqing Zhen (2006) | |
| Wang et al. (2023) |
| Linshan Song et al. (2008) |
| Chunming Han et al. (2007) |
| Kaiji Yu (1981) |
Czech Republic | |
| C.Auer (2016) |
Kaspar et al. (1991) | |
Kašpar | |
| Lapis 2002 (7/8) +1 other reference |
Lapis 2002 (7/8) +1 other reference | |
| Plašil J et al. (2006) |
| Sejkora (1994) |
| Pauliš P. Nejzajímavější ... |
| Tvrdý +1 other reference |
| Roman Gramblicka collection +1 other reference |
Hyrsl et al. (2009) | |
| Sejkora (1998) |
| Sejkora (1994) |
Ethiopia | |
| Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data (2013) |
Finland | |
| |
France | |
| Henwood (1871) |
| J. Geffroy |
| Lacroix (1910) |
| Paul De Bondt collection |
Les Minéraux de Sainte Marie-aux-Mines | |
P&T N°23-24 et al. (Haut-Rhin) | |
Wittern | |
Paul De Bondt | |
Pierre et Terre 1982 | |
| Wittern |
| Wittern et al. (Cologne) +1 other reference |
| Belot (1978) |
| Favreau et al. (2003) |
| Berbain et al. (2005) |
| Queneau (n.d.) |
| Inventaire Mineralogique de la France ... |
| Le Règne Minéral 47: 5-21 |
Gourault C. (1997) | |
| Fabrice Moreau collection (formerly Chervet collection) |
| |
| Le Cahier des Micromonteurs |
| Georges Favreau collection +1 other reference |
| R. Pierrot |
| Jean-Luc Portes Collection |
| Georges FAVREAU collection & EDX ... |
Germany | |
| Brill et al. (2017) |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Lapis 23 (12) |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Walenta (1992) +2 other references |
| |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Weiß (1990) |
Weiß (1990) | |
Walenta (1992) | |
| |
| |
Walenta (1992) | |
Walenta (1992) | |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Walenta (1992) |
| |
| Walenta (1992) |
Walenta (1992) | |
| Wittern (2001) |
J. Gröbner: Neufunde von der Grube Katharina im Wildschapbach (2/2004) | |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Nickel et al. (1985) |
| Nickel et al. (1985) |
| Nickel et al. (1985) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Aufschluss 1989 (4) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Andreas Gerstenberg collection |
| Weiß (1990) |
Weiß (1990) | |
Schnorrer-Köhler (1991) | |
| Weiß (1990) |
| |
| Markus Gerstmann - Collection |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Schnorrer (2000) |
Baumgärtl (2014) | |
| Schnorrer (1994) |
189-203 +4 other references | |
| Schnorrer-Köhler (1991) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Henrich et al. (2019) |
| Weiß (1990) |
Weiß (1990) | |
| Weiß (1990) |
Weiß (1990) | |
| Rolf Golze +3 other references |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Rolf Golze +3 other references |
| Maas (1977) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Lapis 1988 (1) |
Heckmann et al. (1990) | |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Beyer (1978) |
| Weiss: "Mineralienfundstellen et al. (Munich) |
| Emser Hefte 1980 (3) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
Weiß (1990) | |
| Lapis (5) |
Wittern (2001) | |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Der Aufschluss Vol.55 +2 other references |
| Gröbner et al. (2011) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Andreas Gerstenberg collection |
Wittern (2001) | |
| Wittern (2001) |
Wittern (2001) | |
| Möhn et al. (07/2020) |
| Vollstädt et al. (1991) |
| www.mineralienatlas.de (2011) |
| J. Gröbner and U. Kolitsch (2007) |
| Lapis (4) |
| Gröbner J. +1 other reference |
| Wittern (2001) |
Wittern (2001) | |
| Hajek (2010) |
Wittern (2001) | |
| www.dergraul.de (2001) |
| Lapis 30 (7/8) |
Lapis 30 (7/8) | |
Lapis 30 (7/8) | |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Frank Ihle Collection |
Roman Gramblička collection | |
Lapis (2008) | |
Haake et al. (1994) | |
| Frenzel (1874) |
Wittern (2001) | |
Frenzel (1874) | |
| 90. +1 other reference |
| Andreas Gerstenberg collection |
| WEISS et al. (2001) |
| Lapis (7/8) |
| Andreas Gerstenberg collection |
| Tröger (2012) |
Gröbner et al. (2007) +1 other reference | |
| T. Witzke & F. Rüger: Lapis 1998 (7/8) |
| T. Witzke & F. Rüger: Lapis 1998 (7/8) |
T. Witzke & F. Rüger: Lapis 1998 (7/8) | |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Andreas Gerstenberg collection |
| Andreas Gerstenberg collection |
Greece | |
| 50 (in German) +2 other references |
| Uwe Kolitsch unpublished SEM-EDS ... |
| Fritz Schreiber collection +1 other reference |
| Möckel (2000) |
| 50 (in German) +2 other references |
| Branko Rieck collection |
Dunn et al. (1980) | |
Fritz Schreiber collection | |
Hungary | |
| Szakáll-Gatter-Szendrei: Mineral ... |
| Szakáll & Gatter: Hungarian Mineral ... |
Iran | |
| Anthony et al. (2000) |
Bariand et al. (1993) +1 other reference | |
Iraq | |
| Yassin et al. (Eds.) |
Ireland | |
| Moreton et al. (1992) |
| Moreton et al. (2007) |
| Stephen Moreton Collection |
Italy | |
| Scaini (1970) +1 other reference |
Carmagnola et al. (2019) | |
Gramaccioli et al. (1992) | |
Luigi Possenti Collection | |
| Vergani (2019) +1 other reference |
| Gramaccioli (1975) |
| Respino (1980) |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Luigi Chiappino data |
| De Castro (1890) +1 other reference |
De Michele (1974) | |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| Stara et al. (1996) |
Stara et al. (1996) +1 other reference | |
| Stara et al. (1993) |
| Billows (1941) +1 other reference |
Jervis (1881) +4 other references | |
Stara et al. (1996) | |
Billows (1941) +1 other reference | |
Fernando Caboni et al. (2024) | |
Fernando Caboni et al. (2024) | |
| Stara et al. (1996) |
| Brizzi et al. (1994) |
G.Conti-Vecchi et al. (1991) | |
Stara P. (1996) | |
Stara et al. (1996) | |
| forum.amiminerals.it (n.d.) |
| Stara et al. (1993) |
| Lecca G.C. et al. (2022) |
| Traverso (1898) +1 other reference |
Stara et al. (1993) | |
| La Valle (1898) |
| Ferretti et al. (2018) |
| Collection Lechner Alois |
| Boscardin M. et al. (Vicenza) |
Japan | |
| Ishiyama (1982) |
| Anthony et al. (2000) |
| Masutomi Museum specimens (Kyoto) |
| Dr. Kameki Kinoshita collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan) |
| Uehara et al. (2014) |
Mexico | |
| American Mineralogist 28:257-271 +1 other reference |
Morocco | |
| S. Weiß: Lapis 31 (7/8) |
| Jahn et al. (2003) |
Jahn et al. (2003) | |
| Favreau et al. (2006) |
| luigi chiappino specimen |
Favreau et al. (2007) | |
Favreau et al. (2006) | |
Guilbert et al. (1968) +1 other reference | |
Favreau et al. (2006) | |
| Favreau et al. (2006) |
| Favreau et al. (2006) |
| Favreau et al. (2007) |
Favreau et al. (2007) | |
Myanmar | |
| Dill et al. (2013) |
Netherlands | |
| T.G. Nijland |
New Zealand | |
| Railton et al. (1990) |
Grapes et al. (1999) | |
North Macedonia | |
| abstract in Geophysical Research ... +3 other references |
Norway | |
| Nordrum (1995) |
| Neumann (1985) |
| Kristiansen (2022) |
Oman | |
| |
Poland | |
| Lis et al. (1986) |
| Ciesielczuk +5 other references |
Hoehne K. 1936: Über einige Arsen- +1 other reference | |
Piestrzyński (Main Ed.) | |
Piestrzyński et al. (2012) | |
| Kucha (2021) +1 other reference |
| Kucha (2021) +1 other reference |
| Madziarz (2006) |
Muszer A. et al. (PbSe) +1 other reference | |
| Siuda et al. (2018) |
Portugal | |
| |
| |
| Pedro Alves collection and analytical ... |
Romania | |
| Palache et al. (1944) |
| Zajzon et al. (2006) +1 other reference |
Russia | |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| Pekov (1998) |
Slovakia | |
| Koděra (1986) |
Kodě +2 other references | |
| Luptáková J. |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Pauliš P. |
Háber et al. (SGR) | |
Koděra (1986) | |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Martin Števko-unpublished |
Koděra (1986) | |
| Halahyjová-Andrusovová G. et al. (in Slovak) |
Grecula P. ed. (1995) | |
Halahyjová-Andrusovová G. et al. (in Slovak) | |
Koděra (1986) | |
Koděra (1986) | |
| Pauliš P. |
Grecula P. ed. et al. (in Slovak and English) | |
Koděra (1986) | |
| Ďuďa R. et al. ( Kotterbach ) |
| Mikuš T. & Chovan M. (Strážovské vrchy) |
| Števko M. (2021) |
South Africa | |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
Cairncross et al. (1995) | |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
Spain | |
| GRÖBNER et al. (2006) |
| Rewitzer et al. (part 2) |
Anthony et al. (2000) | |
| Calvo Rebollar (2015) |
| Schnorrer (2000) |
| Castillo et al. (1972) +1 other reference |
| www.foro-minerales.com (n.d.) |
| Romero Silva JC (2003) |
| Calvo Rebollar (2015) |
| Colección Juan A.M. Barnestein |
| Romero Silva JC (2003) |
| Calvo (2008) |
| Manuel Gutierrez Claverol y Carlos ... |
| Calvo (2015) |
| López (n.d.) |
| Calvo Rebollar (2015) |
| Pedro Mingueza et al. (2022) |
| Castillo-Oliver et al. (2019) |
| |
| Calvo (2015) |
Joan Rosell | |
| Joan Abella i Creus (2008) |
| Joan Abella i Creus |
| Calvo Rebollar (2015) |
Juan Miguel Casanova | |
Sweden | |
| Stenberg (2005) |
| |
Stenberg (2002) | |
| |
| |
Switzerland | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) +1 other reference |
| Stalder et al. (1998) +1 other reference |
| Ansermet (2012) |
Ansermet (2012) | |
Ansermet (2012) | |
| Ansermet (2012) |
Turkey | |
| Aral (1989) |
UK | |
| Anthony et al. (2000) |
| Phillips (1823) +4 other references |
| Betterton (2000) |
| Phillips (1823) +3 other references |
| 39-40 +3 other references |
Golley et al. (1995) | |
| Golley et al. (1995) |
Collins (1871) | |
| Young B |
| Mason et al. (1997) |
| |
| [Russell Society Newsletter 35 Sep 1999 ... |
| Sb rich annabergite Natural History ... |
| Day (1999) +1 other reference |
Andrew Lawton Collection | |
| Day (1999) |
Day (1999) | |
| Brian Craik-Smith collection |
Tindle (2008) | |
| |
| Livingstone et al. (1983) +1 other reference |
| Dana 7:II:750. |
Braithwaite et al. (1990) | |
| R. S. W. Braithwaite and J. R. Knight (1990) |
| |
| Day (1999) |
| Day (1999) |
| Render (n.d.) |
Render (n.d.) | |
USA | |
| Bastin (1922) +1 other reference |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 78 +4 other references |
Irelan et al. (1890a) +1 other reference | |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 321. +2 other references |
| Storms (1893) +1 other reference |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 66 +3 other references |
Anthony et al. (2000) | |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 321. +1 other reference |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 321. +2 other references |
| Murdoch (1966) |
| Roberts et al. (1994) +1 other reference |
| Dana 6: 1089. |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| USGS Prof Paper 649 +2 other references |
| Rocks & Min.:65:59. |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
Eckel et al. (1997) | |
| Schooner (1958) +1 other reference |
| - (2005) |
| [Mineralogical Record - Vol 23 No. 2] |
Heinrich et al. (2004) | |
| Sherwood et al. (1998) |
| - (2005) |
Gobla (2012) | |
| Lasmanis (1977) +2 other references |
| Dana 7:II:750. |
Nickel Deposits in Cottonwood Canyon et al. (1939) +1 other reference | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Bruce Kelley Collection |
Castor et al. (2004) | |
Collection of Kelly Starnes 1990 | |
Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Edwards (2) +1 other reference |
| [Rocks & Minerals Vol 68 March/April ... |
Anthony et al. (2000) | |
[Rocks & Minerals Vol 68 March/April ... | |
Northrop et al. (1996) | |
| Wilson et al. (1978) |
| Crook et al. (1978) +2 other references |
| Bullock (1981) |
| United States Geological Survey. ... +1 other reference |
Cannon (1975) | |
| Milton et al. (1958) +1 other reference |
| Luczaj et al. (2016) |
Zimbabwe | |
| Rocks & Min.: 23:422 +1 other reference |
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Km 3 open pit, Km 3 mines, Km 3, Lavrion Mining District, Lavreotiki, East Attica, Attica, Greece