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Liveingite

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Liveingite

Lengenbach Quarry, Fäld, Binn Valley, Wallis, Switzerland

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About LiveingiteHide

George D. Liveing

Formula:

Pb₉As₁₃S₂₈

Lustre:

Metallic

Hardness:

Specific Gravity:

5.3

Crystal System:

Monoclinic

Member of:

Sartorite Group

Name:

Named by R.H. Solly and H. Jackson in 1901 in honor of George Downing Liveing (14 August 1827, Nayland, Suffolk, UK - 26 December 1924), Professor of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, England. The name rathite-II also refers to liveingite.

Type Locality:

ⓘ Lengenbach Quarry, Fäld (Imfeld; Im Feld; Feld), Binn Valley, Wallis (Valais), Switzerland

An Ag-rich, closely related species is argentoliveingite.

Classification of LiveingiteHide

IMA status:

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)

Strunz 8th ed.:

2/E.25-10

Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) ed.:

2.HC.05c

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
H : Sulfosalts of SnS archetype
C : With only Pb

Dana 8th ed.:

3.6.17.1

3 : SULFOSALTS
6 : 2 < ø < 2.49

Hey's CIM Ref.:

5.6.3

5 : Sulphosalts - Sulpharsenites and Sulphobismuthites (those containing Sn, Ge,or V are in Section 6)
6 : Sulpharsenites etc. of Pb alone

Physical Properties of LiveingiteHide

Lustre:

Metallic

Transparency:

Opaque

Hardness:

3 on Mohs scale

Density:

5.3 g/cm³ (Measured)

Optical Data of LiveingiteHide

Type:

Anisotropic

Internal Reflections:

Deep red

Chemical Properties of LiveingiteHide

Formula:

Pb₉As₁₃S₂₈

IMA Formula:

Pb₂₀As₂₄S₅₆

Elements listed:

As, Pb, S - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of LiveingiteHide

Crystal System:

Monoclinic

Cell Parameters:

a = 7.94 Å, b = 70.84 Å, c = 8.33 Å
β = 90°

Ratio:

a:b:c = 0.112 : 1 : 0.118

Unit Cell V:

4,685.37 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Twinning:

On {100}. Irregular twin lamellae visible in polished section.

Comment:

Le Bihan (1961) gives the following unit-cell parameters: 8.43, 70.90, 7.91 Å, β 90.25°.

Type Occurrence of LiveingiteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Lengenbach Quarry, Fäld (Imfeld; Im Feld; Feld), Binn Valley, Wallis (Valais), Switzerland

Synonyms of LiveingiteHide

Rathite-II

Other Language Names for LiveingiteHide

German:Liveingit
Rathit II

Russian:Ливейнгит

Simplified Chinese:利硫砷铅矿

Spanish:Liveingita

Traditional Chinese:利硫砷鉛礦

Relationship of Liveingite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:

Sartorite Group

Other Members of this group:

Argentobaumhauerite	Ag_1.5Pb₂₂As_33.5S₇₂	Tric. 1 : P1
Argentodufrénoysite	Ag₃Pb₂₆As₃₅S₈₀	Tric. 1 : P1
Argentoliveingite	Ag_xPb_40-2xAs_48+xS₁₁₂	Tric. 1 : P1
Barikaite	Ag₃Pb₁₀(Sb₈As₁₁)S₄₀	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
Baumhauerite	Pb₁₂As₁₆S₃₆	Tric. 1 : P1
Bernarlottiite	Pb₆(As₅Sb₃)S₁₈	Tric. 1 : P1
Boscardinite	TlPb₄(Sb₇As₂)S₁₈	Tric. 1 : P1
Carducciite	(Ag₂Sb₂)Pb₁₂(As,Sb)₁₆S₄₀	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
Dekatriasartorite	TlPb₅₈As₉₇S₂₀₄	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
Dufrénoysite	Pb₂As₂S₅	Mon. 2 : P2₁
Écrinsite	AgTl₃Pb₄As₁₁Sb₉S₃₆	Tric. 1 : P1
Enneasartorite	Tl₆Pb₃₂As₇₀S₁₄₀	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
Guettardite	PbAsSbS₄	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
Hendekasartorite	Tl₂Pb₄₈As₈₂S₁₇₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
Heptasartorite	Tl₇Pb₂₂As₅₅S₁₀₈	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
Hyršlite	Pb₈As₁₀Sb₆S₃₂	Mon. 2 : P2₁
Incomsartorite	Tl₆Pb₁₄₄As₂₄₆S₅₁₆	Mon. 2/m
Parapierrotite	TlSb₅S₈	Mon. m
Philrothite	TlAs₃S₅	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
Pierrotite	Tl₂(Sb,As)₁₀S₁₆	Orth. mm2 : Pna2₁
Polloneite	AgPb₄₆As₂₆Sb₂₃S₁₂₀	Mon. 2 : P2₁
Rathite	Ag₂Pb_12-xTl_x/2As_18+x/2S₄₀	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
Sartorite	PbAs₂S₄	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
Twinnite	Pb_0.8Tl_0.1Sb_1.3As_0.8S₄	Mon. 2/m
Veenite	Pb₂(Sb,As)₂S₅	Mon. 2 : P2₁

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:

Pyrite	5 photos of Liveingite associated with Pyrite on mindat.org.
Jordanite	4 photos of Liveingite associated with Jordanite on mindat.org.
Dolomite	3 photos of Liveingite associated with Dolomite on mindat.org.
Seligmannite	1 photo of Liveingite associated with Seligmannite on mindat.org.
Realgar	1 photo of Liveingite associated with Realgar on mindat.org.
Sinnerite	1 photo of Liveingite associated with Sinnerite on mindat.org.

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping Hide

2.HC.05b	Argentobaumhauerite	Ag_1.5Pb₂₂As_33.5S₇₂	Tric. 1 : P1
2.HC.05b	Baumhauerite	Pb₁₂As₁₆S₃₆	Tric. 1 : P1
2.HC.05e	Chabournéite	Tl₄Pb₂(Sb,As)₂₀S₃₄	Tric. 1 : P1
2.HC.05d	Dufrénoysite	Pb₂As₂S₅	Mon. 2 : P2₁
2.HC.05a	Guettardite	PbAsSbS₄	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.HC.05f	Parapierrotite	TlSb₅S₈	Mon. m
2.HC.05f	Pierrotite	Tl₂(Sb,As)₁₀S₁₆	Orth. mm2 : Pna2₁
2.HC.05d	Rathite	Ag₂Pb_12-xTl_x/2As_18+x/2S₄₀	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.HC.05a	Sartorite	PbAs₂S₄	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
2.HC.05a	Twinnite	Pb_0.8Tl_0.1Sb_1.3As_0.8S₄	Mon. 2/m
2.HC.05d	Veenite	Pb₂(Sb,As)₂S₅	Mon. 2 : P2₁
2.HC.05g	Marumoite	Pb₃₂As₄₀S₉₂	Mon. 2 : P2₁
2.HC.05e	Dalnegroite	(Tl₄Pb₂)(As₁₂Sb₈)S₃₄	Tric. 1 : P1
2.HC.10a	Fülöppite	Pb₃Sb₈S₁₅	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
2.HC.10c	Heteromorphite	Pb₇Sb₈S₁₉	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
2.HC.10b	Plagionite	Pb₅Sb₈S₁₇	Mon. 2/m
2.HC.10d	Rayite	Pb₈(Ag,Tl)₂Sb₈S₂₁	Mon.
2.HC.10d	Semseyite	Pb₉Sb₈S₂₁	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
2.HC.15	Boulangerite	Pb₅Sb₄S₁₁	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.HC.15	Falkmanite	Pb₃Sb₂S₆	Mon.
2.HC.20	Robinsonite	Pb₄Sb₆S₁₃	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
2.HC.25	Moëloite	Pb₆Sb₆S₁₄(S₃)	Orth. 2 2 2 : P2₁ 2₁ 2
2.HC.30	Dadsonite	Pb₂₃Sb₂₅S₆₀Cl	Tric. 1 : P1
2.HC.35	Owyheeite	Ag_3+xPb_10-2xSb_11+xS₂₈, -0.13 < x > +0.20	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.HC.35	Zoubekite	AgPb₄Sb₄S₁₀	Orth.
2.HC.40	Parasterryite	Ag₄Pb₂₀Sb₁₄As₁₀S₅₈	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b

Related Minerals - Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals Grouping Hide

5.6.1	Sartorite	PbAs₂S₄	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
5.6.2	Dufrénoysite	Pb₂As₂S₅	Mon. 2 : P2₁
5.6.4	Baumhauerite	Pb₁₂As₁₆S₃₆	Tric. 1 : P1
5.6.5	Gratonite	Pb₉As₄S₁₅	Trig. 3m : R3m
5.6.6	Jordanite	Pb₁₄(As,Sb)₆S₂₃	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
5.6.7	Fülöppite	Pb₃Sb₈S₁₅	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
5.6.8	Zinkenite	Pb₉Sb₂₂S₄₂	Hex. 6 : P6₃
5.6.9	Plagionite	Pb₅Sb₈S₁₇	Mon. 2/m
5.6.10	Heteromorphite	Pb₇Sb₈S₁₉	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
5.6.11	Launayite	CuPb₁₀(Sb,As)₁₂S₂₀	Mon.
5.6.12	Playfairite	Pb₁₆(Sb,As)₁₉S₄₄Cl	Mon.
5.6.13	Semseyite	Pb₉Sb₈S₂₁	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
5.6.14	Madocite	Pb₁₉(Sb,As)₁₆S₄₃	Orth.
5.6.15	Boulangerite	Pb₅Sb₄S₁₁	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
5.6.17	Robinsonite	Pb₄Sb₆S₁₃	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
5.6.18	Guettardite	PbAsSbS₄	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
5.6.19	Twinnite	Pb_0.8Tl_0.1Sb_1.3As_0.8S₄	Mon. 2/m
5.6.20	Veenite	Pb₂(Sb,As)₂S₅	Mon. 2 : P2₁
5.6.21	Sorbyite	CuPb₉(Sb,As)₁₁S₂₆	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
5.6.22	Geocronite	Pb₁₄(Sb,As)₆S₂₃	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
5.6.23	Galenobismutite	PbBi₂S₄	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
5.6.24	Cosalite	Pb₂Bi₂S₅	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
5.6.25	Cannizzarite	Pb₄₈Bi₅₆S₁₃₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
5.6.26	Lillianite	Pb_3-2xAg_xBi_2+xS₆	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
5.6.27	Giessenite	Pb₂₇Cu₂(Bi,Sb)₁₉S₅₇	Mon. 2/m
5.6.28	Platynite
5.6.29	Xilingolite	Pb₃Bi₂S₆	Mon.
5.6.30	Weibullite	Pb₅Bi₈Se₇S₁₁	Orth.
5.6.31	Wittite	Pb₉Bi₁₂(S,Se)₂₇	Mon.
5.6.32	Kirkiite	Pb₁₀Bi₃As₃S₁₉	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
5.6.33	Ustarasite	Pb(Bi,Sb)₆S₁₀ (?)

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for LiveingiteHide

Reference List:

Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)

Solly, R.H., Jackson, H. (1902) Liveingite, a new mineral from the Binnenthal. Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society: 11: 239-240.

Giuşcă, D. (1930) Die Erze der Lagerstätte vom Lengenbach im Binnental (Wallis). Schweiz. Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen: 10: 152-177.

Palache, C., Berman, H., Frondel, C. (1944) The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume I: Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 462-463.

Le Bihan, M.T. (1961): Structure de la rathite II. Comparaison entre les differentes structures connues de sulfures d'arsenic et de plomb. Acta Crystallographica: 14: 1211-1212.

Nowacki, W. (1967) Sulfides and sulfosalts. XXXIX. Possible identity of liveingite with rathite-II. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte: 1967: 353-354 (in German).

Fleischer, M. (1969) New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 54: 1495-1499.

Engel, P., Nowacki, W. (1970): Die Kristallstruktur von Rathit-II [As25S56|PbVII6,5PbIX12]. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie: 131: 356-375.

Ozawa, T., Nowacki, W. (1974) Note on the mineral rathite-IV. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte: 1974: 530-531.

Laroussi, A., Moëlo, Y., Ohnenstetter, D., Ginderow, D. (1989) Argent et thallium dans les sulfosels de la série de la sartorite (Gisement de Lengenbach, vallée de Binn, Suisse). Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, Série II: 308: 927-933.

Pring, A. (1990) Disordered intergrowths in lead-arsenic sulfide minerals and the paragenesis of the sartorite-group minerals. American Mineralogist: 75: 289-294.

Pring, A. (2001) The crystal chemistry of the sartorite group minerals from Lengenbach, Binntal, Switzerland - a HRTEM study. Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen: 81: 69-87.

Berlepsch, P., Armbruster, T., Topa, D. (2002) Structural and chemical variations in rathite, Pb8Pb4-x(Tl2As2)x(Ag2As2)As16S40: modulations of a parent structure. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie: 217: 581-590.

Roth, P. (2007) Liveingite. in Minerals first discovered in Switzerland and minerals named after Swiss individuals, Kristallografik Verlag (Achberg Germany): 100-101.

Internet Links for LiveingiteHide

mindat.org URL:

https://www.mindat.org/min-2423.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

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External Links:

Look for Liveingite on Webmineral

Look for Liveingite on Wikipedia

Look for Liveingite on Mineralien Atlas

Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

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Specimens:

The following Liveingite specimens are currently listed for sale on minfind.com.

Localities for LiveingiteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (eg from pseudomorphs.)

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


Chile
Arica and Parinacota Parinacota Province Ticnamar area ⓘ Choquelimpie Mine	Cecioni A, Cornejo C, Ruz L.; Choquelimpie, un yacimiento epitermal", Actas n. 1 del Congreso Geológico Chileno, pag.181/183, agosto 2000; Econ Geol (1991) 86:1206-1221

France
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Alpes-Maritimes Guillaumes Péone ⓘ Oule ravine	R. Pierrot, P. Picot, J. Feraud, J. Vernet : "Inventaire Minéralogique de la France, N° 4, Alpes Maritimes", BRGM, 1974

Spain
Castile and Leon León Crémenes ⓘ Salamón mining district (Salamón deposit) ?	Crespo, J. L., Moro, M. C., Fadón, O., Cabrera, R., & Fernández, A. (2000). The Salamón gold deposit (León, Spain). Journal of Geochemical Exploration,71(2), 191-208. [as "leveingita"]

Switzerland
Wallis (Valais) Binn Valley Binn ⓘ Reckibach	Dan Topa, NHM Vienna, September 2018
Fäld (Imfeld; Im Feld; Feld) ⓘ Lengenbach Quarry (TL)	Bull Min 85 (1962), 15

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