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Livingstonite

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Livingstonite

Mun. de Huitzuco, Guerrero, Mexico
Livingstonite

Huitzuco de los Figueroa, Mun. de Huitzuco, Guerrero, Mexico
Livingstonite

Huitzuco de los Figueroa, Mun. de Huitzuco, Guerrero, Mexico
Livingstonite

Mun. de Huitzuco, Guerrero, Mexico
Livingstonite

Huitzuco de los Figueroa, Mun. de Huitzuco, Guerrero, Mexico
Livingstonite

Huitzuco de los Figueroa, Mun. de Huitzuco, Guerrero, Mexico
Livingstonite

Mun. de Huitzuco, Guerrero, Mexico
Livingstonite

Huitzuco de los Figueroa, Mun. de Huitzuco, Guerrero, Mexico
David Livingstone
Formula:
HgSb4S6(S2)
System:
Monoclinic
Colour:
Blackish-gray
Lustre:
Adamantine, Metallic
Hardness:
2
Name:
Named by Mariano Barcena in 1874 in honor of David Livingston (19 March 1813, Blantyre, South Lanarkshire, Scotland - 1 May 1873, Chief Chitambo's Village, Zambia), the African explorer and missionary.
This page provides mineralogical data about Livingstonite.


Classification of Livingstonite

IMA status:
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
First Published:
1874
Strunz 8th ed.:
2/E.13-10
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) ed.:
2.JA.05i

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
J : Sulfosalts of PbS archetype
A : Galena derivatives with little or no Pb
Dana 8th ed.:
3.7.11.1

3 : SULFOSALTS
7 : ø = 2
Hey's CIM Ref.:
5.4.6

5 : Sulphosalts - Sulpharsenites and Sulphobismuthites (those containing Sn, Ge,or V are in Section 6)
4 : Sulpharsenites etc. of Zn and Hg

Physical Properties of Livingstonite

Lustre:
Adamantine, Metallic
Diaphaneity (Transparency):
Translucent, Opaque
Colour:
Blackish-gray
Streak:
Red
Hardness (Mohs):
2
Hardness (Vickers):
VHN100=96 - 125 kg/mm2
Tenacity:
Elastic
Cleavage:
Perfect
{001} perfect, {010}, and {100} poor.
Density:
4.88(2) g/cm3 (Measured)    5.013 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of Livingstonite

Type:
Biaxial (-)
Type:
Anisotropic
Anisotropism:
Strong
Dispersion:
relatively strong
Colour in reflected light:
White
Internal Reflections:
Deep red
Pleochroism:
Weak

Chemical Properties of Livingstonite

Formula:
HgSb4S6(S2)
IMA Formula:
HgSb4S8
Elements listed in formula:
Hg, S, Sb - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of Livingstonite

Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
B2/b
Cell Parameters:
a = 30.1543(10) Å, b = 3.9953(2) Å, c = 21.4262(13) Å
β = 104.265(1)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 7.547 : 1 : 5.363
Unit Cell Volume:
V 2501.7 ų
Z:
8
Morphology:
Minute needles elongated [010]. Columnar to fibrous massive; in globular masses of interlaced needles.
Comment:
A2/a
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
Image Loading

Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.

Occurrences of Livingstonite

Type Occurrence of Livingstonite

Type Locality:
Huitzuco de los Figueroa (Huitzuco), Mun. de Huitzuco, Guerrero, Mexico

Relationship of Livingstonite to other Species

Common Associates:
Cinnabar
Gypsum
Stibnite
Sulphur
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):
2.JA.05eBenjaminiteAg3Bi7S12
2.JA.05gBorodaeviteAg5(Bi,Pb,Fe)8(Sb,Bi)2S17
2.JA.05aCupropavoniteCu0.9Ag0.5Pb0.6Bi2.5S5
2.JA.05aKitaibeliteAg10PbBi30S51
2.JA.05dMakovickyiteCu1.12Ag0.81Pb0.27Bi5.35S9
2.JA.05fMummeiteCu0.58Ag3.11Pb1.10Bi6.65S13
2.JA.05aPavoniteAgBi3S5
2.JA.05bGrumipluciteHgBi2S4
2.JA.05hMozgovaitePbBi4(S,Se)7
2.JA.05dCupromakovickyiteCu4AgPb2Bi9S18
2.JA.05cKudriavite(Cd,Pb)Bi2S4
2.JA.05aCupromakopavoniteAg3Cu8Pb4Bi19S38
2.JA.05DantopaiteCu1.06Ag4.24Pb0.9Bi12.23S21.89Te0.11
2.JA.10aCuprobismutiteCu8AgBi13S24
2.JA.10cHodrušiteCu8Bi12S22
2.JA.10ePadĕraiteCu7[(Cu,Ag)0.33Pb1.33Bi11.33]S22
2.JA.10dPizgrischite(Cu,Fe)Cu14PbBi17S35
2.JA.10bKupčíkiteCu3.4Fe0.6Bi5S10
2.JA.15SchapbachiteAg0.4Pb0.2Bi0.4S
2.JA.15CuboargyriteAgSbS2
2.JA.20BohdanowicziteAgBiSe2
2.JA.20MatilditeAgBiS2
2.JA.20VolynskiteAgBiTe2
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:
5.4.1NowackiiteCu6Zn3As4S12
5.4.2Florensovite(Cu,Zn)Cr1.5Sb0.5S4
5.4.3AktashiteCu6Hg3As4S12
5.4.4LaffittiteAgHgAsS3
5.4.5Galkhaite(Cs,Tl)(Hg,Cu,Zn)6(As,Sb)4S12
5.4.7GruzdeviteCu6Hg3Sb4S12
5.4.8TvalchrelidzeiteHg3SbAsS3
5.4.9HakiteCu6[Cu4Hg2]Sb4Se13

Other Names for Livingstonite

Name in Other Languages:
Simplified Chinese:硫锑汞矿

Other Information

Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Livingstonite

Reference List:
Barcena, M. (1874) Naturaleza: 3: 35.

Barcena, M. (1874) On livingstonite, a new mineral. American Journal of Science: 108: 145-146.

Barcena, M. (1875) American Journal of Science: 9: 64.

Barcena, M. (1879) Naturaleza: 4: 268.

Richmond, W.E. (1936) Crystallography of livingstonite. American Mineralogist: 21: 719-720.

Palache, C., Berman, H., Frondel, C. (1944) The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume I: Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 485-486.

Niizeki, N., Buerger, M.J. (1957) The crystal structure of livingstonite, HgSb4S8. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie: 109: 129-157.

Srikrishnan, T., W. Nowacki (1975) A redetermination of the crystal structure of livingstonite, HgSb4S8. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie: 141: 174–192.

Borisov, S.V., Pervukhina, N.V., Magarill, S.A., Kuratieva, N.V., Vasil’ev, V.I. (2010) Crystallographic analysis of the structure of livingstonite HgSb4S8 from refined data. Crystallography Reports: 55: 224-228.

Internet Links for Livingstonite

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https://www.mindat.org/min-2424.html
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    • Localities for Livingstonite

    This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    (TL) indicates type locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) indicates first recorded locality for everything else. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Australia
     
    • New South Wales
      • Yancowinna Co.
    		G. Nottes & U. Heidtke (1986) Aufschluss 37, 31-36
    China
     
    • Qinghai Province
      • Hainan Autonomous Prefecture
        • Xinghai Co.
    		Zhengjiang Ding, Fengyue Sun, Bile Li, Shijin Li, Junwei Zhao, Hui Zhao, and Li Wang (2010): Geology and Exploration 46(2), 198-206
    Germany
     
    • Baden-Württemberg
      • Wiesloch
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Palatinate
        • Alsenz-Obermoschel
    		Lapis 2001(6), 13-40
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Tohoku Region
        • Iwate Prefecture
    		Mineralogical Journal, Spec. 1, 157-159 (1971)
    Kyrgyzstan
     
    • Osh Oblast
      • Alai Range (Alay Range)
    		[Lapis 1993:11 p11-24]
        • Fergana Valley
    		[Lapis 11:11-24]; Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
    Mexico (TL)
     
    • Guerrero
      • Mun. de Huitzuco
    		Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 141, 174(1957)
    Panczner(1987):254.
    Pancnzer(1987):94-386.
    Panczner (1987): 254.
    Panczner (1987): 254.
    New Zealand
     
    • North Island
      • Northland
    		Mineralogical Magazine; February 2004; v. 68; no. 1; p. 191-198
    Russia
     
    • Urals Region
      • Middle Urals
        • Sverdlovskaya Oblast'
          • Ekaterinburg (Sverdlovsk)
            • Berezovskii (Berezovskii Zavod)
    		Vikent'eva, O., & Vikentev, I. (2016, April). Occurrence modes of As, Sb, Te, Bi, Ag in sulfide assemblages of gold deposits of the Urals. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 123, No. 1, p. 012028). IOP Publishing.
      • Southern Urals
        • Chelyabinsk Oblast'
          • Plast
            • Kochkar' District
    		Vikent'eva, O., & Vikentev, I. (2016, April). Occurrence modes of As, Sb, Te, Bi, Ag in sulfide assemblages of gold deposits of the Urals. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 123, No. 1, p. 012028). IOP Publishing.
    Spain
     
    • Castile and Leon
      • León
        • Crémenes
    		Crespo, J. L., Moro, M. C., Fadón, O., Cabrera, R., & Fernández, A. (2000). The Salamón gold deposit (León, Spain). Journal of Geochemical Exploration,71(2), 191-208.
        • Maraña
          • Boicibacar
    		- Luque, C., Garcia, J. and García, P. (1989): Características Geoquimicas de los Cinabrios de la Cordillera Cantábrica (NW de España): Utilidad en prospección. Trabajos de Geología Universidad de Oviedo(18) pp. 1-11
    Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990
    USA
     
    • Arkansas
      • Howard Co.
    		U.S. Geological Survey,2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S Geological Survey,Reston, Virginia
      • Pike Co.
    		Roberts, A.C. et al (2003), The Canadian Mineralogist: 41(3): 721-725.
    U.S. Geological Survey,2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S Geological Survey,Reston, Virginia
    • Nevada
      • Nye Co.
        • Hot Creek Range
          • Tybo District
    		NBMG Bull 99B Geology and Mineral Resources of Northern Nye County, Nevada
      • Pershing Co.
        • Antelope Springs District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    Mineral and/or Locality  
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