Ludlamite
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About Ludlamite
Formula:
Fe2+3(PO4)2 · 4H2O
Colour:
Apple-green to bright green; nearly colourless in transmitted light; rarely blue
Lustre:
Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Greasy
Hardness:
3½
Specific Gravity:
3.12 - 3.19
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named in 1877 by Frederick Field in honor of Henry Ludlam [October 14, 1824 England, United Kingdom - June 23, 1880 London, England, United Kingdom], English mineral collector, London, England.
Isostructural with:
A secondary phosphate mineral in complex granitic pegmatites; also found in polymetallic veins.
Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Ludlamite.
Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Ludlamite.
Classification of Ludlamite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
7/C.10-10
8.CD.20
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
C : Phosphates without additional anions, with H2O
D : With only medium-sized cations, RO4:H2O = 1:2
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
C : Phosphates without additional anions, with H2O
D : With only medium-sized cations, RO4:H2O = 1:2
40.3.5.1
40 : HYDRATED NORMAL PHOSPHATES,ARSENATES AND VANADATES
3 : A3(XO4)2·xH2O
40 : HYDRATED NORMAL PHOSPHATES,ARSENATES AND VANADATES
3 : A3(XO4)2·xH2O
19.12.35
19 : Phosphates
12 : Phosphates of Mn
19 : Phosphates
12 : Phosphates of Mn
Pronounciation of Ludlamite
Pronounciation:
Play | Recorded by | Country |
---|---|---|
Jolyon & Katya Ralph | United Kingdom |
Physical Properties of Ludlamite
Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Greasy
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Comment:
Pearly on cleavage {001}
Colour:
Apple-green to bright green; nearly colourless in transmitted light; rarely blue
Streak:
Pale greenish white
Hardness:
3½ on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
Perfect on {001}, indistinct on {100}
Perfect on {001}, indistinct on {100}
Density:
3.12 - 3.19 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.176 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Ludlamite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.650 - 1.653 nβ = 1.669 - 1.675 nγ = 1.688 - 1.697
2V:
Measured: 82° , Calculated: 86° to 88°
Birefringence:
0.041
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.038 - 0.044

Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
High
Dispersion:
r > v perceptible
Optical Extinction:
Y=b, Z ^ c = -67°
Pleochroism:
Non-pleochroic
Chemical Properties of Ludlamite
Formula:
Fe2+3(PO4)2 · 4H2O
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Ludlamite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/b
Setting:
P21/a
Cell Parameters:
a = 10.541(5) Å, b = 4.646(4) Å, c = 9.324(5) Å
β = 100.43°
β = 100.43°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 2.269 : 1 : 2.007
Unit Cell V:
449.08 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Crystals tabular {001}, exhibiting forms {100}, {110}, {001}, and {_111}, and others. Form parallel groups at times. Also occurs granular, massive.
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0009144 | Ludlamite | Ito T, Mori H (1951) The crystal structure of ludlamite Acta Crystallographica 4 412-416 | ![]() | 1951 | Ashio, Japan | 0 | 293 |
0012981 | Ludlamite | Abrahams S C, Bernstein J L (1966) Crystal structure of paramagnetic ludlamite, Fe3(PO4)2*4(H2O), at 298 K Journal of Chemical Physics 44 2223-2229 | 1966 | 0 | 293 | ||
0012982 | Ludlamite | Abrahams S C (1966) Ferromagnetic and crystal structure of ludlamite, Fe3(PO4)2*4(H2O), at 4.2 K Journal of Chemical Physics 44 2230-2237 | 1966 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
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Radiation - Copper Kα
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
4.91 Å | (75) |
3.96 Å | (100) |
3.74 Å | (50) |
2.990 Å | (60) |
2.765 Å | (100) |
2.543 Å | (100) |
2.387 Å | (40) |
Comments:
ICDD 17-468; See also 35-634
Geological Environment
Geological Setting:
Complex granitic pegmatites as a alteration product under reducing conditions.
Type Occurrence of Ludlamite
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
The Natural History Museum, London, England: #44187.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Copper-tin veins associated with granite intrusives
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Ludlamite
Other Language Names for Ludlamite
Relationship of Ludlamite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Metaswitzerite | Mn2+3(PO4)2 · 4H2O | Mon. 2/m : P2/b |
Sterlinghillite | Mn2+3(AsO4)2 · 3H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
Switzerite | Mn2+3(PO4)2 · 7H2O | Mon. |
Common Associates
Fairfieldite | Ca2Mn2+(PO4)2 · 2H2O |
Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
Phosphoferrite | (Fe2+,Mn2+)3(PO4)2 · 3H2O |
Siderite | FeCO3 |
Triphylite | LiFe2+PO4 |
Triplite | Mn2+2(PO4)F |
Triploidite | Mn2+2(PO4)(OH) |
Vivianite | Fe2+3(PO4)2 · 8H2O |
Whitlockite | Ca9Mg(PO4)6(PO3OH) |
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
110 photos of Ludlamite associated with Pyrite | FeS2 |
107 photos of Ludlamite associated with Siderite | FeCO3 |
56 photos of Ludlamite associated with Vivianite | Fe2+3(PO4)2 · 8H2O |
24 photos of Ludlamite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
11 photos of Ludlamite associated with Phosphoferrite | (Fe2+,Mn2+)3(PO4)2 · 3H2O |
7 photos of Ludlamite associated with Sphalerite | ZnS |
6 photos of Ludlamite associated with Triphylite | LiFe2+PO4 |
4 photos of Ludlamite associated with Limonite | |
4 photos of Ludlamite associated with Kryzhanovskite | (Fe3+,Mn2+)3(PO4)2(OH,H2O)3 |
3 photos of Ludlamite associated with Cassiterite | SnO2 |
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping
8.CD. | Castellaroite | Mn2+3(AsO4)2 · 4H2O | Mon. 2/m |
8.CD.05 | Kolbeckite | ScPO4 · 2H2O | Mon. 2/m |
8.CD.05 | Metavariscite | AlPO4 · 2H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
8.CD.05 | Phosphosiderite | FePO4 · 2H2O | Mon. 2/m |
8.CD.10 | Mansfieldite | AlAsO4 · 2H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbca |
8.CD.10 | Scorodite | Fe3+AsO4 · 2H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
8.CD.10 | Strengite | FePO4 · 2H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbca |
8.CD.10 | Variscite | AlPO4 · 2H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbca |
8.CD.10 | Yanomamite | InAsO4 · 2H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbca |
8.CD.15 | Parascorodite | FeAsO4 · 2H2O | Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mcm |
8.CD.25 | Sterlinghillite | Mn2+3(AsO4)2 · 3H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
8.CD.30 | Rollandite | Cu3(AsO4)2 · 4H2O | Orth. |
Related Minerals - Dana Grouping (8th Ed.)
40.3.5.2 | Metaswitzerite | Mn2+3(PO4)2 · 4H2O | Mon. 2/m : P2/b |
40.3.5.3 | Sterlinghillite | Mn2+3(AsO4)2 · 3H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
40.3.5.4 | Switzerite | Mn2+3(PO4)2 · 7H2O | Mon. |
Related Minerals - Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals Grouping
19.12.1 | Metaswitzerite | Mn2+3(PO4)2 · 4H2O | Mon. 2/m : P2/b |
19.12.2 | Bermanite | Mn2+Mn3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O | Mon. 2/m : P2/b |
19.12.3 | Natrophilite | NaMn2+PO4 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmna |
19.12.4 | Sidorenkite | Na3Mn2+(CO3)(PO4) | Mon. |
19.12.5 | Niahite | (NH4)(Mn2+,Mg)(PO4) · H2O | Orth. mm2 : Pmn21 |
19.12.6 | Robertsite | Ca2Mn3+3(PO4)3O2 · 3H2O | Mon. m : Bb |
19.12.7 | Pararobertsite | Ca2Mn3+3(PO4)3O2 · 3H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
19.12.8 | Sinkankasite | Mn2+Al(PO3OH)2(OH) · 6H2O | Tric. |
19.12.9 | Mangangordonite | Mn2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O | Tric. |
19.12.10 | Heterosite | (Fe3+,Mn3+)PO4 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmna |
19.12.11 | Purpurite | Mn3+(PO4) | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmna |
19.12.12 | Wolfeite | Fe2+2(PO4)(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
19.12.13 | Triploidite | Mn2+2(PO4)(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P2/b |
19.12.14 | Lipscombite | Fe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 | Tet. |
19.12.15 | Frondelite | Mn2+Fe3+4(PO4)3(OH)5 | Orth. 2 2 2 : C2 2 21 |
19.12.16 | Rockbridgeite | Fe2+Fe3+4(PO4)3(OH)5 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
19.12.17 | Kryzhanovskite | (Fe3+,Mn2+)3(PO4)2(OH,H2O)3 | Orth. |
19.12.18 | Landesite | Mn2+3-xFe3+x(PO4)2(OH)x · (3-x)H2O | Orth. |
19.12.19 | Phosphoferrite | (Fe2+,Mn2+)3(PO4)2 · 3H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmna |
19.12.20 | Reddingite | (Mn2+,Fe2+)3(PO4)2 · 3H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmna |
19.12.21 | Earlshannonite | Mn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O | Mon. |
19.12.22 | Hureaulite | Mn2+5(PO3OH)2(PO4)2 · 4H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
19.12.23 | Switzerite | Mn2+3(PO4)2 · 7H2O | Mon. |
19.12.24 | Laueite | Mn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
19.12.25 | Pseudolaueite | Mn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
19.12.26 | Strunzite | Mn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
19.12.27 | Stewartite | Mn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
19.12.28 | Alluaudite | (Na,Ca)Mn2+(Fe3+,Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg)2(PO4)3 | Mon. |
19.12.29 | Ferroalluaudite | (Na,Ca)Fe2+(Fe3+,Mn2+,Fe2+)2(PO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
19.12.30 | Fillowite | Na3CaMn2+11(PO4)9 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
19.12.31 | Johnsomervilleite | Na3CaFe11(PO4)9 | Trig. |
19.12.32 | Wicksite | NaCa2(Fe2+,Mn2+)4MgFe3+(PO4)6 · 2H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
19.12.33 | Dickinsonite-(KMnNa) | (KNa)(Mn2+◻)Ca(Na2Na)Mn2+13Al(PO4)11(PO4)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
19.12.34 | Sarcopside | (Fe2+,Mn2+,Mg)3(PO4)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
19.12.36 | Graftonite | Fe2+Fe2+2(PO4)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
19.12.37 | Wilhelmvierlingite | CaMnFe3+(PO4)2(OH) · 2H2O | Orth. |
19.12.38 | Fairfieldite | Ca2Mn2+(PO4)2 · 2H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
19.12.39 | Beusite | Mn2+Mn2+2 (PO4)2 | Mon. |
19.12.40 | Messelite | Ca2Fe2+(PO4)2 · 2H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
19.12.41 | Jahnsite-(CaMnFe) | {Ca}{Mn2+}{Fe2+2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O | Mon. 2/m : P2/b |
19.12.42 | Jahnsite-(CaMnMn) | {Ca}{Mn2+}{Mn2+2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O | Mon. 2/m : P2/b |
19.12.43 | Jahnsite-(CaMnMg) | {Ca}{Mn2+}{(Mg,Fe2+)2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O | Mon. 2/m : P2/b |
19.12.44 | Keckite | CaMn2+(Fe3+Mn2+)Fe3+2(PO4)4(OH)3 · 7H2O | Mon. 2/m : P2/b |
19.12.45 | Stanfieldite | Ca4Mg5(PO4)6 | Mon. |
19.12.46 | Laubmannite | ||
19.12.47 | Zodacite | Ca4Mn2+Fe3+4(PO4)6(OH)4 · 12H2O | Mon. |
19.12.48 | Hagendorfite | NaCaMn2+Fe2+2(PO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
19.12.49 | Maghagendorfite | (◻,Na,)(Na,Ca,Fe2+)Mn(Mg,Fe2+,Fe3+)3(PO4)3 | Mon. |
19.12.50 | Varulite | NaCaMn2+Mn2+2(PO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
19.12.51 | Griphite | Na4Li2Ca6(Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg)19Al8(PO4)24(F,OH)8 | Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pa3 |
19.12.52 | Attakolite | CaMn2+Al4(SiO3OH)(PO4)3(OH)4 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
19.12.53 | Arrojadite-(KFe) | (KNa)(Fe2+◻)Ca(Na2◻)Fe2+13Al(PO4)11(PO3OH)(OH)2 | Mon. |
19.12.54 | Lun'okite | (Mn,Ca)(Mg,Fe,Mn)Al(PO4)2OH · 4H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbca |
19.12.55 | Eosphorite | Mn2+Al(PO4)(OH)2 · H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmca |
19.12.56 | Ernstite | (Mn2+,Fe3+)Al(PO4)(OH,O)2 · H2O | Mon. |
19.12.57 | Childrenite | Fe2+Al(PO4)(OH)2 · H2O | Orth. mm2 : Ccc2 |
19.12.58 | Bobfergusonite | Na2Mn5FeAl(PO4)6 | Mon. 2/m : P2/b |
19.12.59 | Qingheiite | NaMn3+Mg(Al,Fe3+)(PO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
19.12.60 | Whiteite-(CaFeMg) | {Ca}{(Fe2+,Mn2+)}{Mg2}{Al2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
19.12.61 | Whiteite-(CaMnMg) | {Ca}{Mn2+}{Mg2}{Al2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O | Mon. 2/m |
19.12.62 | Whiteite-(MnFeMg) | {(Mn2+,Ca)}{(Fe2+,Mn2+)}{Mg2}{Al2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
19.12.63 | Rittmannite | {(Mn2+,Ca)}{Mn2+}{(Fe2+,Mn2+,Mg)2}{(Al,Fe3+)2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O | Mon. |
19.12.64 | Zanazziite | Ca2Mg5Be4(PO4)6(OH)4 · 6H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
19.12.65 | Samuelsonite | (Ca,Ba)Ca8Fe2+2Mn2+2Al2(PO4)10(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Fluorescence of Ludlamite
Not fluorescent in UV
Other Information
Magnetism:
Diamagnetic
Notes:
Soluble in acids.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
References for Ludlamite
Reference List:
Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)
Maskelyne and Field (1877) Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: 3: 52, 135, 525.
Field, F. (1885): On ludlamite, a new Cornish mineral, Mineralogical Magazine, 6, 23-31.
Goldschmidt, V. (1918) Atlas der Krystallformen. 9 volumes, atlas, and text: vol. 5: 171.
Berman (1925) American Mineralogist: 10: 428.
Larsen, E.S. and Berman, H. (1934) The Microscopic Determination of the Nonopaque Minerals, Second edition, USGS Bulletin 848: 124.
Glass and Vhay (1949) American Mineralogist: 34: 335.
Wolfe (1949) American Mineralogist: 34: 94.
Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 952-953.
Abrahams, S.C. and J.L. Bernstein (1966) Crystal structure of paramagnetic ludlamite, Fe3(PO4)2 •4H2O, at 298°K. Journal of Chemical Physics, Lancaster, PA, 44(6), 2223–2229.
Anthony, J.W., Bideaux, R.A., Bladh, K.W., and Nichols, M.C. (2000) Handbook of Mineralogy, Volume IV. Arsenates, Phosphates, Vanadates. Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson, AZ, 680pp.: 322.
U. Kolitsch, G. Giester and F. Brandstätter (2011): Mg-rich ludlamite and Mg-rich whiteite-(CaFeMg) from the phosphate pegmatite boulder at Laggerhof, Carinthia. Joint Meeting of the DGK, DMG and ÖMG, Salzburg, Austria, September 20-24, 2011; Abstracts Volume, p. 135.
Internet Links for Ludlamite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-2452.html
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Localities for Ludlamite
Locality List




All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Austria | |
| U. Kolitsch, G. Giester and F. Brandstätter (2011): Mg-rich ludlamite and Mg-rich whiteite-(CaFeMg) from the phosphate pegmatite boulder at Laggerhof, Carinthia. Joint Meeting of the DGK, DMG and ÖMG, Salzburg, Austria, September 20-24, 2011; Abstracts Volume, p. 135.; Auer, Ch., Kolitsch, U., Bernhard, F. & Brandstätter, F. (2012): 1732) Arsenopyrit, Columbit-(Fe), Graphit, Ludlamit und gediegen Wismut vom Pegmatit beim Laggerhof, Millstätter Seerücken, Kärnten. Pp. 136-137 in Niedermayr, G. et al. (2012): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich LXI. Carinthia II, 202./122., 123-180. |
| G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995 |
Bolivia | |
| [MinRec 32:472]; Cacho, A.; Melgarejo, J.-C.; Camprubí, A.; Torró, L.; Castillo-Oliver, M.; Torres, B.; Artiaga, D.; Tauler, E.; Martínez, Á.; Campeny, M.; Alfonso, P.; Arce-Burgoa, O.R. (2019) Mineralogy and Distribution of Critical Elements in the Sn–W–Pb–Ag–Zn Huanuni Deposit, Bolivia. Minerals 9, 753 |
Royal Ontario Museum specimen (Pala, obtained 1972) | |
| Royal Ontario Museum specimen (Pala; obtained 1972) |
| First found here in December 2003. -Alfredo Petrov |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | |
| Slobodan A. Radosavljević, Jovica N. Stojanović, Ana S. Radosavljević-Mihajlović, Nikola S. Vuković (2016): (Pb–Sb)-bearing sphalerite from the Čumavići polymetallic ore deposit, Podrinje Metallogenic District, East Bosnia and Herzegovina. Ore Geology Reviews 72, 253-268. |
Radosavljević, S., Đorđević, D., Stojanović, J., Radosavljević-Mihajlović, A., & Kašić, V. (2014). Srebrenica Orefield, Podrinje Metallogenic District, Republic of Srpska, B&h: Hydrated Fe (Al)-phosphates and Their Parageneses Within the Pb-Zn Mineralization. Архив за техничке науке, 1(11), 1-6. | |
Brazil | |
| Sergio Varvello collection |
| Cassedanne, J.P., Cassedanne, J.O. (1982) Presence de legrandite dans une pegmatite de Minas Gerais, Bresil. The Canadian Mineralogist: 20(1): 87-89. |
Baijot, M., Hatert, F., Dal Rio, F. & Philipo, S. (2014) Mineralogy and petrography of phosphate mineral association from the Jocão pegmatite, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Canadian Mineralogist 52, 373-397. | |
| Cassedanne, J. P. & Cassedanne, J. O.(1978): Ludlamite crystals from Galileia. Mineralogical Record. 9: 41: [MinRec 12:69] |
| Baijot, M., Hatert, F. & Philippo, S. (2012): Mineralogy and geochemistry of phosphates and silicates in the Sapucaia pegmatite, Minas Gerais, Brazil: Genetic implications. Canadian Mineralogist. 50, 1531-1554 |
| Sergio Varvello collection |
Canada | |
| [Mineralogical Record Vol 23 No.4 pp27] |
Robinson, G.W., Van Velthuizen, J., Ansell, H.G. & Sturman, B.D. (1992): Mineralogy of the Rapid Creek and Big Fish River area, Yukon Territory. Mineralogical Record 23, 1-47 | |
Grice, Joel D. (1989) Unexpected Treasures from Rapid Creek, Yukon Territory. In: Famous mineral localities of Canada. Published by Fitzhenry & Whiteside Limited & the National Museum of Natural Sciences, 190 pages: 31-39; 150-152.; Van Velthuizen, Jerry, Sturman, B. Darko, Robinson, George W., Ansell, H. Gary (1992) Mineralogy of the Rapid Creek and Big Fish River Area, Yukon Territory. Mineralogical Record, 23(4), 1-47 [27]. | |
| Robinson, G.W., Van Velthuizen, J., Ansell, H.G. & Sturman, B.D. (1992): Mineralogy of the Rapid Creek and Big Fish River area, Yukon Territory. Mineralogical Record 23, 1-47 |
China | |
| Rao, C., Wang, R. C., Hatert, F., & Baijot, M. (2014). Hydrothermal transformations of triphylite from the Nanping No. 31 pegmatite dyke, southeastern China. European Journal of Mineralogy, 26(1), 179-188.; Rao, C., Wang, R., Yang, Y., Hatert, F., Xia, Q., Yue, X., & Wang, W. (2017). Insights into post-magmatic metasomatism and Li circulation in granitic systems from phosphate minerals of the Nanping No. 31 pegmatite (SE China). Ore Geology Reviews, 91, 864-876. |
Czech Republic | |
| Povondra, P., Pivec, E. (eds.) et al.: Přibyslavice peraluminuous granite. Acta universitatis carolinae, Geologica, 1987, no. 3, s . 183 – 283. |
| Breiter K., Škoda R., Veselovský F.: Neobvyklý P-, Li- a Sn-bohatý pegmatit z Vernéřova u Aše, Česká republika. Bulletin Mineralogicko-petrografického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze, 2009, roč. 17, č. 1, s. 41-59. |
| Masau, M., Staněk, J., Černý, P., Chapman, R. (2000). Metasomatic wolfeite and associated phosphates from the Otov I granitic pegmatite, western Bohemia. J. Czech Geol. Soc. 45, 159-173. |
Finland | |
| Kallio, P. & Alviol, R. 1968. Triphylites and lithiphilites from the granite pegmatites of the communes of Kitee and Tohmajärvi, E. Finland. in: International Mineral Assosiation papers and proceedings of the Ninth General Meeting, Berlin (West)-Regenburg, September 12-18. 1974. Fortschritte der Mineralogie. Special issue to vol. 52, 279-283. |
France | |
| FONTAN F (1976) Les phosphates des pegmatites de la région de Crozant. Bulleti de la société française de minéralogie et de cristallographie 99 p 318-321 |
| Le Règne Minéral, Hors série (3), 36-54; Cooper, Michael P.(1997) What’s New in Minerals, Munich Show 1996. Mineralogical Record 28:137 |
Germany | |
| Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990 |
| Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 729; Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990; Dill H.G.: "Mineralogical and chemical composition of the Hagendorf-North Pegmatite, SE Germany - a monographic study", J. Min. Geochem, 2013 |
http://www.berthold-weber.de/h_miner.htm | |
Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001; Dill, H. G., Weber, B., Gerdes, A., & Melcher, F. (2008). The Fe-Mn phosphate apliteSilbergrube'near Waidhaus, Germany: epithermal phosphate mineralization in the Hagendorf-Pleystein pegmatite province. Mineralogical Magazine, 72(5), 1119-1144. | |
| Thomas, R., and Webster, J.D. (2000): Mineralium Deposita 35, 570-582. |
Greece | |
| Rieck, B., Kolitsch, U., Voudouris, P., Giester, G., Tzeferis, P. (2020): Lavrion, Griechenland: Weitere Neufunde aus dem berühmten Bergbaurevier. Mineralien-Welt 29(5), 32-77 (in German). |
| Rieck, B., Kolitsch, U., Voudouris, P., Giester, G., Tzeferis, P. (2020): Lavrion, Griechenland: Weitere Neufunde aus dem berühmten Bergbaurevier. Mineralien-Welt 31(3), 6-21 (in German). |
Japan | |
| Ryoichi SADANAGA and Michiaki BUNNO (1974) THE WAKABAYASHI MINERAL COLLECTION Bulletin No. 7 The University Museum, The University of Tokyo |
Kosovo | |
| Féraud J. (1979) - La mine " Stari-Trg " (Trepca, Yougoslavie) et ses richesses minéralogiques. Avec la collaboration de Mari D. et G. (1979) Minéraux et Fossiles, n° 59-60, p. 19-28 |
Mexico | |
| |
| MinRec 14:169; Panczner (1987): 77-395. |
Morocco | |
| Favreau, G. (2012): Deux pegmatites à phosphates de Sidi Bou Othmane (Maroc). Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, 3-2012, 71-109 |
Poland | |
| Włodek, A., Grochowina, A., Gołębiowska, B., Pieczka, A. (2015): A phosphate-bearing pegmatite from Lutomia and its relationships to other pegmatites of the Góry Sowie Block, southwestern Poland. Journal of Geosciences: 60: 45-72 |
| Pieczka, A., Włodek, A., Gołębiowska, B., Szełęg, E., Szuszkiewicz, A., Ilnicki, S., Nejbert, K., Turniak, K. (2015): Phosphate-bearing pegmatites in the Góry Sowie Block and adjacent areas, Sudetes, SW Poland. 7th International Symposium on Granitic Pegmatites, PEG 2015 Książ, Poland. Abstracts: 77-78; Pieczka, A., Hawthorne, F.C., Gołębiowska, B., Włodek, A., Grochowina, A. (2016): Maneckiite, ideally NaCa2Fe2+2(Fe3+Mg)Mn2(PO4)6(H2O)2, a new phosphate mineral of the wicksite supergroup from the Michałkowa pegmatite, Góry Sowie block, southwestern Poland. Mineralogical Magazine: 80: (in press |
Portugal | |
| Alves, P., Leal Gomes, C., Lopes Nunes, J.E (2012) : Produtos de evolução de triplite-zwieselite, fluorapatite e isokite da mina Sítio do Castelo (Folgosinho, Guarda). II Congresso Jovens Investigadores em Geociências, LEG 2012. |
| Schnorrer-Köhler (1991), Mineral Occurrences. |
| Neiva, A. M. R., Silva, M. M. V. G., Antunes, I. M. H. R., & Ramos, J. M. F. (2000). Phosphate minerals of some granitic rocks associated quartz veins from northern and central Portugal. |
South Africa | |
| Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa. |
Spain | |
| Calvo, M. (1996). Mineralogía. La Unión. Bocamina, 2, 14-35 |
Switzerland | |
| Vignola, P., Diella, V., Oppizzi, P., Tiepolo, M. & Weiss, S. (2008): Phosphate assemblages from the Brissago granitic pegmatite, Western Southern Alps, Switzerland. Can. Mineral. 46, 635-650. |
UK (TL) | |
| Phil. Mag., 5th ser. (1877): 3, 52; Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 953; Embrey & Symes (1987) "Minerals of Cornwall and Devon": 112. |
USA | |
| Anonymous (1951), World news on mineral occurrences: Rocks & Minerals: 26: 265-279; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 245. |
| Schooner (1961) |
| Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 953; Ream, Lanny R. (2004) Idaho Minerals, 2nd edition, Revised and Updated |
| R&M 70:4 pp 242-263; Allan Young (2010) The Blackbird Mine, Lemhi County Idaho. Mineralogical Record 41:355-370 |
| Mineralogy of Maine,Vol 2: Mining History, Gems, and Geology. By King & Mineral News Vol. 12 No. 5 May 1996 By Douglas Watts |
| Falster, A. U., Simmons, W. B., Webber, K. L., Dallaire, D. A., Nizamoff, J. W., & Sprague, R. A. (2019). The Emmons Pegmatite, Greenwood, Oxford County, Maine. Rocks & Minerals, 94(6), 498-519. |
| King, V. and Foord, E., 1994, Mineralogy of Maine, V. 1; King, V. (ed.), 2000, Mineralogy of Maine, V. 2. |
King, V. and Foord, E., 1994, Mineralogy of Maine, v. 1; King, V, 2006, Minerals of Halls Ridge and Plumbago-Puzzle Mountain, Newry, Oxford County, Maine, Mineral News, v. 22 (6), p. 1-3. | |
| |
| Tim Blake, Lookout Mine Owner |
| W. B. Thompson, D. L. Joyner, R. G. Woodman, and V. T. King (2005) A Collector's Guide to Maine Mineral Localities. Maine Geological Survey Bulletin 41 |
| P. Cristofono, T. Mortimer, J.W. Nizamoff, A. Wilken, and R. Wilken (2011) The 38th Rochester Mineralogical Symposium, April 14-17, 2011, lecture abstracts, page 17-18. |
| Rocks & Minerals (2005) 80:242-261 New Hampshire Mineral Locality Index |
| Rocks & Minerals: 80: 252. |
Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 686, 953.; Am. Min. 50 (1965), 713-717; Mineralogical Record (1973) 4:103-130; USGS Prof Paper 353; NIZAMOFF, James W., SIMMONS, William B., and FALSTER, Alexander U. (2004) PHOSPHATE MINERALOGY AND PARAGENESIS OF THE PALERMO #2 PEGMATITE, NORTH GROTON, NEW HAMPSHIRE Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, Vol. 36, No. 5, p. 115 | |
Whitmore & Lawrence, 2004. The Pegmatite Mines Known As Palermo, p. 96.; Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, Vol. 36, No. 5, p. 115; NIZAMOFF, J. W. (2004, November). Phosphate mineralogy and paragenesis of the Palermo# 2 pegmatite, North Groton, New Hampshire. In 2004 Denver Annual Meeting. | |
| Rocks & Min. 80:256 (2005); Rocks & Minerals 80:4 pp234-241 |
| P Haas collection |
Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed. | |
| Rocks & Min.:60:117. |
| Campbell, T.J., Roberts, W.L. (1986) Phosphate minerals from the Tip Top mine, Black Hills, South Dakota. The Mineralogical Record: 17: 237-254.; Rocks & Minerals: 60: 117. |
| R&M 75:3 pp 156-169 |
| Rocks & Minerals: 60: 116. |
R&M 75:3 pp 156-169 | |
| Handbook of Mineralogy - Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols |
R&M 75:3 pp 156-169 | |
Rocks & Minerals: 57: 160; &/or 60:110 & 112. | |
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San Antonio Mine, East Camp, Santa Eulalia Mining District, Aquiles Serdán Municipality, Chihuahua, Mexico