Pyrosmalite-(Mn)
This page is currently not sponsored. Click here to sponsor this page.
About Pyrosmalite-(Mn)
Formula:
Mn2+8Si6O15(OH,Cl)10
Hardness:
4½
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Member of:
Name:
Originally named manganpyrosmalite by By Clifford Frondel and Lawson H. Bauer for its manganese-dominant composition relative to the original pyrosmalite. Both pyrosmalites were later given suffixes, -(Mn) or -(Fe) by the IMA to indicated cation dominance in the chemical formula
Type Locality:
Isostructural with:
Pyrosmalite-(Fe)-Pyrosmalite-(Mn) Series.
Chemically very similar to friedelite (monoclinic-pseudorhombohedral) and mcgillite.
Chemically very similar to friedelite (monoclinic-pseudorhombohedral) and mcgillite.
Classification of Pyrosmalite-(Mn)
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
8/H.28-20
9.EE.10
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
E : Phyllosilicates
E : Single tetrahedral nets of 6-membered rings connected by octahedral nets or octahedral bands
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
E : Phyllosilicates
E : Single tetrahedral nets of 6-membered rings connected by octahedral nets or octahedral bands
72.4.1a.2
72 : PHYLLOSILICATES Two-Dimensional Infinite Sheets with Other Than Six-Membered Rings
4 : Two-Dimensional Infinite Sheets with Other Than Six-Membered Rings with 4-, 6-, and 12-membered rings
72 : PHYLLOSILICATES Two-Dimensional Infinite Sheets with Other Than Six-Membered Rings
4 : Two-Dimensional Infinite Sheets with Other Than Six-Membered Rings with 4-, 6-, and 12-membered rings
17.3.14
17 : Silicates Containing other Anions
3 : Silicates with chloride (including aluminosilicates)
17 : Silicates Containing other Anions
3 : Silicates with chloride (including aluminosilicates)
Physical Properties of Pyrosmalite-(Mn)
Hardness:
4½ on Mohs scale
Optical Data of Pyrosmalite-(Mn)
Type:
Uniaxial (-)
RI values:
nω = 1.680 nε = 1.640
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.040

Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Chemical Properties of Pyrosmalite-(Mn)
Formula:
Mn2+8Si6O15(OH,Cl)10
Common Impurities:
As,Zn,Mg,Ca,H20
Chemical Analysis
Oxide wt%:
1 | |
---|---|
SiO2 | 33.64 % |
Al2O3 | 0.19 % |
Fe2O3* | 0.46 % |
FeO* | 24.24 % |
MnO | 26.89 % |
CuO | 0.01 % |
MgO | 0.58 % |
CaO | 0.03 % |
SrO | 0.02 % |
Na2O | 0.01 % |
Cl | 4.27 % |
H2O* | 7.32 % |
=O-(F+Cl) | -0.96 % |
Total: | 96.7 % |
Sample references:
ID | Locality | Reference |
---|---|---|
1 | Nippyo mine, Awano, Kanuma City, Tochigi, Japan | Frank K. Mazdab collection (thin section FKM-190) |
Crystallography of Pyrosmalite-(Mn)
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Cell Parameters:
a = 13.42 Å, c = 7.16 Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 0.534
Unit Cell V:
1,116.73 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
7.16 | (100) |
3.583 | (80) |
3.419 | (40) |
2.683 | (90) |
2.251 | (70) |
1.672 | (50) |
1.523 | (50) |
Type Occurrence of Pyrosmalite-(Mn)
Synonyms of Pyrosmalite-(Mn)
Other Language Names for Pyrosmalite-(Mn)
Relationship of Pyrosmalite-(Mn) to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Friedelite | Mn2+8Si6O15(OH,Cl)10 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Mcgillite | (Mn,Fe)8Si6O15(OH)8Cl2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Nelenite | (Mn,Fe)16(Si12O30)(OH)14[As3+3O6(OH)3] | Mon. |
Pyrosmalite-(Fe) | Fe2+8Si6O15(OH,Cl)10 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3m1 |
Schallerite | Mn2+16As3Si12O36(OH)17 | Trig. 3m : P3m1 |
Forms a series with:
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
Hedenbergite | 2 photos of Pyrosmalite-(Mn) associated with Hedenbergite on mindat.org. |
Spessartine | 1 photo of Pyrosmalite-(Mn) associated with Spessartine on mindat.org. |
Calcite | 1 photo of Pyrosmalite-(Mn) associated with Calcite on mindat.org. |
Galena | 1 photo of Pyrosmalite-(Mn) associated with Galena on mindat.org. |
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping
9.EE.05 | Bementite | Mn7Si6O15(OH)8 | Mon. |
9.EE.10 | Brokenhillite | Mn8Si6O15(OH)10 | Hex. 6mm : P63mc |
9.EE.10 | Pyrosmalite-(Fe) | Fe2+8Si6O15(OH,Cl)10 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3m1 |
9.EE.10 | Friedelite | Mn2+8Si6O15(OH,Cl)10 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
9.EE.10 | Mcgillite | (Mn,Fe)8Si6O15(OH)8Cl2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
9.EE.15 | Nelenite | (Mn,Fe)16(Si12O30)(OH)14[As3+3O6(OH)3] | Mon. |
9.EE.15 | Schallerite | Mn2+16As3Si12O36(OH)17 | Trig. 3m : P3m1 |
9.EE.20 | Palygorskite | (Mg,Al)5(Si,Al)8O20(OH)2 · 8H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
9.EE.20 | Tuperssuatsiaite | Na2Fe3Si8O20(OH)2 · 4H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
9.EE.20 | Yofortierite | Mn5Si8O20(OH)2 · 8-9H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
9.EE.20 | Windhoekite | Ca2Fe3+2.67[Si8O20](OH)4 · 10H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
9.EE.25 | Falcondoite | (Ni,Mg)4Si6O15(OH)2 · 6H2O | Orth. |
9.EE.25 | Loughlinite | Na2Mg3Si6O16 · 8H2O | Orth. |
9.EE.25 | Sepiolite | Mg4(Si6O15)(OH)2 · 6H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnna |
9.EE.25 | Kalifersite | (K,Na)5Fe3+7Si20O50(OH)6 · 12H2O | Tric. |
9.EE.30 | Gyrolite | NaCa16Si23AlO60(OH)8 · 14H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
9.EE.30 | Orlymanite | Ca4Mn3Si8O20(OH)6 · 2H2O | Hex. |
9.EE.30 | Tungusite | Ca4Fe2Si6O15(OH)6 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
9.EE.35 | Reyerite | (Na,K)2Ca14(Si,Al)24O58(OH)8 · 6H2O | Trig. |
9.EE.35 | Truscottite | (Ca,Mn)14Si24O58(OH)8 · 2H2O | Trig. |
9.EE.40 | Natrosilite | Na2Si2O5 | Mon. |
9.EE.45 | Makatite | Na2Si4O8(OH)2 · 4H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
9.EE.50 | Varennesite | Na8Mn2Si10O25(OH,Cl)2 · 12H2O | Orth. |
9.EE.55 | Raite | Na4Mn2+3Ti0.25Si8O20(OH)2 · 10H2O | Orth. 2 2 2 : C2 2 2 |
9.EE.60 | Intersilite | Na6Mn2+Ti[Si10O24(OH)](OH)3 · 4H2O | Mon. |
9.EE.65 | Shafranovskite | Na3K2(Mn,Fe,Na)4[Si9(O,OH)27](OH)2 · nH2O | Trig. |
9.EE.65 | Zakharovite | Na4Mn5Si10O24(OH)6 · 6H2O | Trig. |
9.EE.70 | Zeophyllite | Ca13Si10O28(OH)2F8 · 6H2O | Trig. 3 : R3 |
9.EE.75 | Minehillite | (K,Na)2-3Ca28Zn4Al4Si40O112(OH)16 | Hex. |
9.EE.80 | Fedorite | (Na,K)2-3(Ca4Na3)Si16O38(OH,F)2 · 3.5H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
9.EE.80 | Martinite | (Na,◻,Ca)12Ca4(Si,S,B)14B2O38(OH,Cl)2F2·4H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
9.EE.85 | Lalondeite | (Na,Ca)6(Ca,Na)3Si16O38(F,OH)2·3H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
Related Minerals - Dana Grouping (8th Ed.)
72.4.1a.1 | Pyrosmalite-(Fe) | Fe2+8Si6O15(OH,Cl)10 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3m1 |
72.4.1a.3 | Schallerite | Mn2+16As3Si12O36(OH)17 | Trig. 3m : P3m1 |
Related Minerals - Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals Grouping
17.3.1 | Rustumite | Ca10(Si2O7)2(SiO4)(OH)2Cl2 | Mon. |
17.3.2 | Zunyite | Al13Si5O20(OH,F)18Cl | Iso. 4 3m : F4 3m |
17.3.3 | Sodalite | Na8(Al6Si6O24)Cl2 | Iso. 4 3m : P4 3n |
17.3.4 | Marialite | Na4Al3Si9O24Cl | Tet. 4/m : I4/m |
17.3.5 | Tugtupite | Na4BeAlSi4O12Cl | Tet. 4 : I4 |
17.3.6 | Eudialyte | Na15Ca6(Fe2+,Mn2+)3Zr3[Si25O73](O,OH,H2O)3(OH,Cl)2 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
17.3.7 | Alluaivite | Na19(Ca,Mn)6(Ti,Nb)3Si26O74Cl · 2H2O | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
17.3.8 | Nasonite | Pb6Ca4(Si2O7)3Cl2 | Hex. |
17.3.9 | Asisite | Pb7SiO9Cl2 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I4/mmm |
17.3.10 | Jagoite | Pb18Fe3+4[Si4(Si,Fe3+)6][Pb4Si16(Si,Fe)4]O82Cl6 | Hex. |
17.3.11 | Friedelite | Mn2+8Si6O15(OH,Cl)10 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
17.3.12 | Pyrosmalite-(Fe) | Fe2+8Si6O15(OH,Cl)10 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3m1 |
17.3.13 | Pyrosmalite | ||
17.3.16 | Mcgillite | (Mn,Fe)8Si6O15(OH)8Cl2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
17.3.17 | Traskite | Ba21Ca(Fe2+,Mn,Ti)4(Ti,Fe,Mg)12(Si12O36)(Si2O7)6(O,OH)30Cl6·14H2O | Hex. |
17.3.18 | Muirite | Ba10Ca2Mn2+Ti[(OH,Cl,F)|HSi2O7]5 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/mmm |
17.3.19 | Verplanckite | Ba2(Mn,Fe,Ti)Si2O6(O,OH,Cl,F)2 · 3H2O or near | Hex. |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
References for Pyrosmalite-(Mn)
Reference List:
Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)
Frondel, C. and L.H. Bauer (1953): Manganpyrosmalite and its polymorphic relation to friedelite and schallerite. Am. Mineral., 38, 755-760.
American Mineralogist (1956): 41: 581.
Hey, M.H. (1956): The empirical unit-cell contents of the friedelite family. American Mineralogist 41, 134-138.
Canadian Mineralogist (1983): 21: 1-6.
Canadian Mineralogist (1993): 31: 695.
Internet Links for Pyrosmalite-(Mn)
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-2491.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
Localities for Pyrosmalite-(Mn)
Locality List




All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia | |
| Birch BH Book |
M Willoughby collection | |
Domenico Preite specimen | |
| Minerals of Iron Monarch, Glyn L. Francis |
Canada | |
| Mark Mauthner specimen, from Ty Balacko, 19 Jan 1990; Alfredo Petrov collection. |
| Canadian Mineralogist 31, 695; Pan, Y., Fleet, M. E., Barnett, R. L., & Chen, Y. (1993). Pyrosmalite in Canadian Precambrian sulfide deposits; mineral chemistry, petrogenesis and significance. The Canadian Mineralogist, 31(3), 695-710. |
| Canadian Mineralogist 31, 695; Pan, Y., Fleet, M. E., Barnett, R. L., & Chen, Y. (1993). Pyrosmalite in Canadian Precambrian sulfide deposits; mineral chemistry, petrogenesis and significance. The Canadian Mineralogist, 31(3), 695-710. |
China | |
| Yuanming Pan, Fleet, M.E., Barnett, R.L., and Yuan Chen (1993): The Canadian Mineralogist 31, 695-710. |
| Yiming Zhao, Yongguan Dong, Daxin Li, and Chengsi Bi (2003): Ore Geology Reviews 23, 153-182. |
Yiming Zhao, Yongguan Dong, Daxin Li, and Chengsi Bi (2003): Ore Geology Reviews 23, 153-182. | |
Yiming Zhao, Yongguan Dong, Daxin Li, and Chengsi Bi (2003): Ore Geology Reviews 23, 153-182. | |
Yiming Zhao, Yongguan Dong, Daxin Li, and Chengsi Bi (2003): Ore Geology Reviews 23, 153-182. | |
France | |
| Bourbon M., Fonteilles M. (1972): Présence de pyrosmalite et de rhodonite dans un horizon manganésifère oxydé du Crétacé supérieur briançonnais. Bull. Soc. fr. Minéral. cristallogr., 95, 623-624. |
Japan | |
| Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan) |
| Frank K. Mazdab collection (thin section FKM-190) |
Dr. Kameki Kinoshita collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan) | |
| Introduction to Japanese Minerals (Geological Survey of Japan, 1970); Watanabe, T. and Kato, A. (1961) Manganpyrosmalite from the Kyurazawa mine, Tochigi prefecture. Mineralogical Journal, 3, #3, 130-138. |
Norway | |
| Kvamsdal, L. O. & Husdal, T. A. (2014): Pyrosmalitt-(Mn) og pyrosmalitt-(Fe) fra Norge. Stein. 41 (2), 24-25 |
Romania | |
| http://minerals-of-the-carpathians.eu |
Russia | |
| Brusnitsyn, A.I. (2006): Geology of Ore Deposits 48(3), 193-214. |
Slovakia | |
| Rojkovič, I. (2001): Geolines 13, 34-41. |
| Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p |
Sweden | |
| No reference listed |
| Nysten, P. (2004): Harstigen ett mineralogisk eldorado i Bergslagen. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift 28: 5-13 |
Switzerland | |
| Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 267. |
Turkey | |
| Öztürk, H. (1997): Ore Geology Reviews 12, 187-203. |
USA (TL) | |
| Frondel, C. & Bauer, : Am.Min.:38:755-760 (1953); Parker, F. J. & Guy, R.E.: The Picking Table:31(1):6-9 (1990); Dunn(1995):Pt4:478. |
Quick NavTopAbout Pyrosmalite-(Mn)Classification Physical Properties Optical Data Chemical Properties Chemical AnalysisCrystallography X-Ray Powder DiffractionType Occurrence SynonymsOther LanguagesRelationshipsCommon AssociatesNickel-StrunzDanaHey's CIMOther InformationReferences Internet Links Localities Locality List
Broken Hill, Broken Hill district, Yancowinna Co., New South Wales, Australia