Massicot
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About Massicot
Formula:
PbO
Colour:
Sulphur- to orpiment-yellow, sometimes with a reddish tint. Nearly colourless to pale yellow in transmitted light.
Lustre:
Greasy, Dull
Hardness:
2
Specific Gravity:
9.56
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Name:
Derived from early arabic, through spanish mazacote and the French name for oxide of lead.
Type Locality:
Dimorph of:
This page provides mineralogical data about Massicot.
Classification of Massicot
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
4/A.06-30
4.AC.25
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
A : Metal: Oxygen = 2:1 and 1:1
C : M:O = 1:1 (and up to 1:1.25); with large cations (+- smaller ones)
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
A : Metal: Oxygen = 2:1 and 1:1
C : M:O = 1:1 (and up to 1:1.25); with large cations (+- smaller ones)
4.2.7.1
4 : SIMPLE OXIDES
2 : AX
4 : SIMPLE OXIDES
2 : AX
7.11.20
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
11 : Oxides of Sn and Pb
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
11 : Oxides of Sn and Pb
Pronounciation of Massicot
Pronounciation:
Play | Recorded by | Country |
---|---|---|
Jolyon Ralph | United Kingdom |
Physical Properties of Massicot
Greasy, Dull
Colour:
Sulphur- to orpiment-yellow, sometimes with a reddish tint. Nearly colourless to pale yellow in transmitted light.
Streak:
Yellow
Hardness:
2 on Mohs scale
Density:
9.56 g/cm3 (Measured) 9.64 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Massicot
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 2.510 nβ = 2.610 nγ = 2.710
2V:
Measured: 90° , Calculated: 86°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.200

Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Very High
Dispersion:
Strong
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
Y = light sulfur yellow
Z = deep yellow
Z = deep yellow
Chemical Properties of Massicot
Formula:
PbO
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Massicot
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Space Group:
Cmmm
Cell Parameters:
a = 5.4903(1) Å, b = 5.892 Å, c = 4.752 Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.932 : 1 : 0.807
Unit Cell V:
153.72 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Massive, earthy to scaly. Artificial crystals are tabular {100}.
Twinning:
Observed on artificial crystals.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
3.068 | (100) |
2.946 | (24) |
2.745 | (23) |
2.3767 | (17) |
2.0078 | (13) |
1.7232 | (16) |
1.6401 | (15) |
Type Occurrence of Massicot
Synonyms of Massicot
Other Language Names for Massicot
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
Cerussite | 6 photos of Massicot associated with Cerussite on mindat.org. |
Cinnabar | 5 photos of Massicot associated with Cinnabar on mindat.org. |
Litharge | 4 photos of Massicot associated with Litharge on mindat.org. |
Galena | 4 photos of Massicot associated with Galena on mindat.org. |
Smithsonite | 4 photos of Massicot associated with Smithsonite on mindat.org. |
Calcite | 3 photos of Massicot associated with Calcite on mindat.org. |
Minium | 2 photos of Massicot associated with Minium on mindat.org. |
Sphalerite | 2 photos of Massicot associated with Sphalerite on mindat.org. |
Kongsbergite | 1 photo of Massicot associated with Kongsbergite on mindat.org. |
Anglesite | 1 photo of Massicot associated with Anglesite on mindat.org. |
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping
4.AC.05 | Swedenborgite | NaBe4Sb5+O7 | Hex. 6mm : P63mc |
4.AC.10 | Brownmillerite | Ca2(Al,Fe3+)2O5 | Orth. mm2 |
4.AC.10 | Srebrodolskite | Ca2Fe3+2O5 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma |
4.AC.15 | Montroydite | HgO | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmmn |
4.AC.20 | Litharge | PbO | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/nmm |
4.AC.20 | Romarchite | SnO | Tet. |
Related Minerals - Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals Grouping
7.11.1 | Romarchite | SnO | Tet. |
7.11.2 | Cassiterite | SnO2 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P42/mnm |
7.11.4 | Schoenfliesite | Mg[Sn(OH)6] | Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pn3 |
7.11.5 | Burtite | Ca[Sn(OH)6] | Iso. |
7.11.6 | Vismirnovite | Zn[Sn(OH)6] | Iso. |
7.11.7 | Wickmanite | Mn2+[Sn(OH)6] | Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pn3 |
7.11.8 | Tetrawickmanite | Mn2+[Sn4+(OH)6] | Tet. 4/m : P42/n |
7.11.9 | Jeanbandyite | Fe3+xFe2+1-xSn(OH)6-xOx (1 ≥ x > 0.5) | Tet. 4/m : P42/n |
7.11.10 | Natanite | Fe2+[Sn(OH)6] | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Pn3m |
7.11.11 | Mushistonite | (Cu,Zn,Fe2+)[Sn(OH)6] | |
7.11.12 | Ferronigerite-2N1S | (Al,Fe,Zn)2(Al,Sn)6O11(OH) | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3m1 |
7.11.13 | Magnesionigerite | Trig. | |
7.11.14 | Argutite | GeO2 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P42/mnm |
7.11.15 | Brunogeierite | Ge4+Fe2+2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
7.11.16 | Stottite | Fe2+[Ge4+(OH)6] | Tet. |
7.11.17 | Carboirite | FeAl2(GeO4)O(OH)2 | Tric. |
7.11.18 | Otjisumeite | PbGe4O9 | Tric. |
7.11.19 | Bartelkeite | Pb(Fe2+Ge)[Ge2O7](OH)2 · H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
7.11.21 | Litharge | PbO | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/nmm |
7.11.22 | Minium | Pb3O4 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P42/mbc |
7.11.23 | Plattnerite | PbO2 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) |
7.11.24 | Scrutinyite | α-PbO2 | Orth. |
7.11.25 | Murdochite | PbCu6O8-x(Cl,Br)2x where x<=0.5 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m |
7.11.26 | Macedonite | PbTiO3 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/nmm |
7.11.27 | Cesàrolite | Pb(Mn4+)3O6(OH)2 | |
7.11.28 | Coronadite | Pb(Mn4+6Mn3+2)O16 | Mon. 2/m |
7.11.29 | Quenselite | PbMnO2(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P2/b |
7.11.30 | Plumboferrite | Pb2(Fe3+,Mn2+,Mg)11O19 | Trig. 3 2 : P3 1 2 |
7.11.31 | Magnetoplumbite | (Pb,Mn)(Fe,Mn)12O19 | Hex. |
7.11.32 | Senaite | Pb(Mn,Y,U)(Fe,Zn)2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH)38 | Trig. |
Other Information
Health Risks:
Contains lead - always wash hands after handling. Avoid inhaling dust when handling or breaking. Never lick or ingest.
References for Massicot
Reference List:
Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)
Huot (1841): 346.
Weisbach (1875): 54.
D'Achiardi (1883): 1: 221.
Larsen, E.S. (1917), Massicot and litharge, the two modifications of lead monoxide: American Mineralogist: 2: 18-19.
Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1944), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume I: Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 516-517.
Acta Crystallographica (1985): C41: 1281-1284.
Internet Links for Massicot
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-2587.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
Localities for Massicot
Locality List




All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia | |
| Gilligan, L.B., Byrnes, J.G. (1995) Metallogenic Study and Mineral Deposit Data Sheets: Cobar Metallogenic Map 1:250 000 (SH/55-14), Geological Survey of New South Wales, Sydney, 240 pages. |
| The Daydream Mine, G.D. Grose, Bungala Press 2002. The reference refers to minerals collected at the mine and identified by John Leach. |
| [MinRec 19 p469-490 - "Sielecki, R: The Mount Isa-Cloncurry mineral field"] |
| Sielecki, R. (1988) The Mount Isa-Cloncurry mineral field. Mineralogical Record, Vol. 19, pg. 469-490. |
| Noble R.J, Just J, Johnson J. E. (1983), Catalogue of South Australian Minerals - 1983, Government Printer, South Australia. |
| Dana 7:II:653. |
| Anderson, C. (1905) Mineralogical Notes 2. Records of the Australian Museum pp83-97 |
| Ferguson, K.M. (1999) Lead, Zinc and Silver Deposits of Western Australia. Geological Survey of Western Australia, Mineral Resources Bulletin 15. |
Austria | |
| A.Pichler (2003) |
| A.Pichler (2003) |
| [Lapis 1992: 2 p.19-30] |
Bulgaria | |
| Kostov et al :Minerals of Bulgaria (1964); Lips, ALW (2006) A review of non-ferrous mineral deposits in Europe - Finalised initial database BRGM/RP -54957 - FR |
Canada | |
| Watson, K.W., (1996) Table of minerals identified from the Keno-Galena Hill area: unpublished company report, United Keno Hill Mines Ltd. Report No UKH96/01 Technical Report |
Chile | |
| W. T Holberton (1920): "Report of silver and lead mine of the Sociedad Minera Cerro el Plomo, Antofagasta": Sernageomin, Stgo de Chile. |
China | |
| Fushun Li, Ruhua Kang, Xuyun Hu, Wuliang Ma, Xinhua Huang, Yonghong Zeng, Junbin Tang, Xian Zhu, Zhiwei Qin, Jie Zhao, and Libin He (2012): Geology in China 39(2), 445-457 |
| Banxiao Ruan, Xinbiao Lü, Shentai Liu, and Wu Yang (2013): Mineral Deposits 32(3), 501-514 |
| Leiming Xu, Hengyu Wu, Ge Bai, and Quanbo He (1993): Acta Mineralogica Sinica 13(3), 254-262 |
| Minzhi Yang (2003): Contributions to Geology and Mineral Resources Research 18(4), 220-224 |
| Xiaobin Yang, Baorong Yang, and Xiaoyun Wang (2006): Geology and Prospecting 42(5), 57-59 |
| Zengqian Hou, Shihong Tian, Yuling Xie, Zhusen Yang, Zhongxin Yuan, Shuping Yin, Longsheng Yi, Hongcai Fei, Tianren Zou, Ge Bai, and Xiaoyu Li (2009): Ore Geology Reviews (in press) |
DR Congo | |
| No reference listed |
France | |
| Chollet, P. & Devouard, B. (2013): La mine de cuivre et de plomb des Rats, Le Crozet (Loire). Le Règne Minéral, 109, 7-46. |
| Favreau G., Legris J-R., Dardillac M. (1996), La Verrière (Rhône): Histoire et Minéralogie, Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, n°3, pp:3-28 |
| http://ficheinfoterre.brgm.fr/InfoterreFiche/ficheBss.action?id=06497X4005/GT |
| Germain C., Leydet J-C., Saget Ph. (1990), Les minéraux de néoformation de Huelgoat (Finistère), Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, n°3, 3-16 |
| Wittern, Journée: "Mineralien finden in den Vogesen", von Loga (Cologne), 1997; Hohl: "Minéraux et Mines du Massif Vosgien", Editions du Rhin (Mulhouse), 1994 |
Wittern, Journée: "Mineralien finden in den Vogesen", von Loga (Cologne),1997; Hohl: "Minéraux et Mines du Massif Vosgien", Editions du Rhin (Mulhouse), 1994 | |
| Wittern, Journée: "Mineralien finden in den Vogesen", von Loga (Cologne), 1997 |
| Wittern, Journée: "Mineralien finden in den Vogesen", von Loga (Cologne), 1997 |
| Gol, D. (2014): L'ancienne mine de Laquorre, Aulus-les-bains, Ariège. Le Règne Minéral, 118, 5-27. |
| Minéralogie de la mine des malines (Daniel Gol, Alain Martaud, Nicolas Meisser, Pascal Chollet) - Le regne minéral, H.S. XVI, pp 49-86. |
| No reference listed |
| Jean-Luc Portes collection |
Germany | |
| Schlomann, C. and Steen, H. (1990) Neue Mineralfunde aus dem Bergbaugebiet von Badenweiler im Südschwarzwald. Lapis, 15 (12), 13-20; 50. (in German) |
S. Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990 | |
| Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001 |
| U. Kolitsch (2000): An assemblage of lead compounds originated due to the influence of concrete from the Clara mine in Middle Black Forest. Erzgräber 14, 48-53. (in German); U. Kolitsch, J. Gröbner, G. Blaß and H.-W. Graf (2007): Neufunde aus der Grube Clara im mittleren Schwarzwald (III): Cerianit-(Ce), Dravit, Florencit-(La), Gilmarit, Olenit und Scotlandit. Lapis 32, 19-23, 70. |
| No reference listed |
| No reference listed |
| ko.jansen; Ko Jansen collection |
| No reference listed |
| |
| Habel, B. & Linder, R. (2009): Die Grube "Castor" bei Loope und ihre Mineralien. Mineralien-Welt 20 (3), 10-23 |
| |
| Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990 |
| Bender, D. and Krimmelbein, W. (1994) Aktuelle Übersicht: Mineralien der Zinkhütte Genna/Sauerland. Stand Juni 1994. Mineralien-Welt, 4/94, 10. |
| Lapis, 14 (2), 22-27+33+42. |
| Lapis, 16(2), 13-18+58. |
| Schnorrer-Köhler,G. (1988): Mineralogische Notizen IV. Der Aufschluss, 39, 153-168. |
| Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001 |
| Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001 |
Greece | |
| Lapis, 24, 7/8 (1999) |
| Rieck, B., Kolitsch, U., Voudouris, P., Giester, G. and Tzeferis, P. (2018): Weitere Neufunde aus Lavrion, Griechenland. Mineralien-Welt 29 (5), 32-77 (in German). |
Schnorrer-Köhler, G., Standfuss, K. & Standfuss, L. (1982): Neue Schlackenminerale aus Laurion. Der Aufschluss, 33 (12), 459-462.; Grolig, H. & Grolig, E. (1978): Lavrion in Attika. Lapis, 3 (5), 16-25; 40 (in German). | |
| No reference listed |
| Gelaude, Piet, van Kalmthout, Piet, and Rewitzer, Christian (1996) Laurion: The Minerals of the Ancient Slags, Janssen Print, Nijmegen, The Netherlands |
Indonesia | |
| The Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 41, pp. 185-200 (2003); Yuningsih, E. T., Matsueda, H., & Rosana, M. F. (2014). Epithermal Gold-Silver Deposits in Western Java, Indonesia: Gold-Silver Selenide-Telluride Mineralization. Indonesian Journal on Geoscience, 1(2), 71-81. |
Italy | |
| [Lapis 1994:5 p.13-23,58] |
| Pelloux, A. (1926) Res Ligusticae LVI. Sferocobaltite e altri minerali della valle del Neva. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria, 52 (1925-1928), 269-272. |
| - AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work. - Balestra, C., Ciriotti, M.E., Bracco, R. (2011): Su alcune novità mineralogiche liguri caratterizzate dal SIUK dell'AMI. Micro, 2/2011, 46-53. |
| - Maida, F. (2002): Descrizione delle specie e varietà di minerali e loro ritrovamento nella bergamasca. G.O.M. Gruppo Orobico Minerali - Novecento Grafico, Ed., Bergamo 82 pp. |
| AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work. |
| Ara D., Sanna L., Rossi A., Galli E., De Waele J. (2013): Minerali secondari in ambiente sotterraneo: la miniera dell’Argentiera (Sardegna nord-occidentale). In: Cucchi F., Gudi P. (eds.), Atti del XXI Congresso Nazionale di Speleologia “Diffusione delle conoscenze”, Sessione Attività di esplorazione e ricerca. Trieste 2-5 giugno 2011. Edizioni Università di Trieste, Trieste, 290-295. |
| Mariani P., Scaini G.: "I minerali d'Italia" - Rizzoli, 1978 and A. Del Caldo, C. Del Moro, C.M. Gramaccioli, M. Boscardin M. "Guida ai Minerali" Fabbri ed. Milano, 1981 and De Michele V. (1975) – Guida Mineralogica d’Italia – Ist. Geogr. De Agostini, Novara |
• Stara, P. Rizzo, R., Tanca, G., Vinci A. (1994): Su Zurfuru. 1° parte. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 4/1993, 215-236. | |
| AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work. |
| Paolo Gasparetto, Erica Bittarello, Andrea Canal, Lara Casagrande, Marco E. Ciriotti, Bruno Fassina, Paolo Ferretti, Sergio Pegoraro, Fabio Tosato, Paolo Zammatteo (2014): I lavori minerari del Rio Ricet, Vignola, Falesina, Trento. Micro, 12, 50-123. |
Madagascar | |
| Behier, J. (1960): Contribution á la mineralogie de Madagascar. Annales Géologiques de Madagascar XXIX, Tananarive, p. 47-48 |
| Behier, J. (1960): Contribution á la Minéralogie de Madagascar. Annales Géologiques de Madagascar XXIX, Tananarive, p. 47-48 |
Mexico | |
| Panczner(1987): 77-265. |
| Panczner(1987):265. |
| Panczner (1987): 77-395. |
| Wilson, W. and Panczner, C., 1986, Batopilas, Mineralogical Record, v 17: 61-80. |
| Panczner (1987): 118-310. |
| Panczner (1987): 266. |
| Panczner(1987):266. |
Panczner(1987):266. | |
Panczner (1987): 266. | |
Panczner (1987): 266. | |
| No reference listed |
| Panczner (1987): 79-343. |
Panczner (1987): 266. | |
| Panczner(1987): 266. |
Panczner (1987): 266. | |
| Panczner(1987):142-317. |
Panczner(1987): 93-396. | |
| Panczner(1987):266. |
Panczner (1987):80-393; Dana 7:I:518. | |
| Panczner(1987): 266. |
Panczner (1987): 266. | |
| Panczner(1987):266. |
| Panczner(1987):266. |
Panczner (1987):266. | |
Panczner (1987): 266. | |
| Panczner(1987):82-389. |
Panczner (1987): 267. | |
| Panczner(1987): 267. |
Panczner (1987): 267. | |
| Panczner (1987): 267. |
| Panczner(1987):267. |
Panczner(1987):267. | |
Panczner (1987): 267. | |
| Panczner (1987): 267. |
| Panczner(1987):267. |
| Panczner(1987):267. |
Panczner (1987): 267. | |
Panczner (1987): 267. | |
| Panczner (1987): 267. |
| Panczner (1987): 143-398. |
| Panczner(1987):267. |
Morocco | |
| Reiner Mielke |
Namibia | |
| Cairncross, B., (1997) The Otavi Mountain Land Cu-Pb-Zn-V Deposits, Namibia. Mineralogical Record 28(2) 128 |
| Gebhard, G. (1999): Tsumeb II. A Unique Mineral Locality. GG Publishing, Grossenseifen, Germany |
New Zealand | |
| Courtney, S.F., King, P. & Rodgers, K.A., (1990). A Check List of Minerals from the Tui Mine, Te Aroha, New Zealand. New Zealand Natural Sciences 17: 95-98. |
Norway | |
| Witsø, T.(1998): Minium og massicotitt. STEIN 25 (2), 30 |
Russia | |
| Cesnokov, B., Kotrly, M. and Nisanbajev, T. (1998): Brennende Abraumhalden und Aufschlüsse im Tscheljabinsker Kohlenbecken - eine reiche Mineralienküche. Mineralien-Welt, 9 (3), 54-63 (in German). |
Slovakia | |
| Zipser Ch. A., 1817: Versuch eines topograpisch-mineralogischen Handbuches von Ungarn. Carl Friedrich Wigand, Oedenburg, 440 p. |
| Zepharovich V., 1859: Mineralogisches Lexicon für das Kaisserthum Österreich. I. Wilhem Braumüller, Wien, 627 p. |
Slovenia | |
• Aleksander Rečnik (2010) Minerals of the lead and zinc ore deposit Mežica. Bode Vlg. & Jožef Stefan Institute. Ljubljana: 112 pp.; Grafenauer, S. (1960): Rare natural lead oxides from Mezica (Mies), Yugoslavia. Neues Jahrbuch fuer Mineralogie, Abhandlungen 94, 1187-1190. | |
South Africa | |
| Minerals of South Africa |
| Minerals of South Africa |
| Rocks & Min.: 20:429. |
Minerals of South Africa | |
Spain | |
| Sáinz de Baranda, B., Palero, F.J., García, G. (2004): El Horcajo, las piromorfitas más famosas del mundo. Bocamina, 13, 32-68. |
Sweden | |
| Nysten, P., Holtstam, D. and Jonsson, E. (1999) The Långban minerals. In Långban - The mines,their minerals, geology and explorers (D. Holtstam and J. Langhof, eds.), Swedish Museum of Natural History and Raster Förlag, Stockholm & Chr. Weise Verlag, Munich, pp. 89-183. |
| Öhman, L. (2003): Sala Silvergruva. Litiofilen. 20 (1): 11-19 |
UK | |
| Norman Wilson collection |
| [Rust, S. Seltene Mineralien aus dem Steinbruch Milltown bei Ashover LAPIS Mineralienmagazin 1994, 12, p.13-17, 58] |
| Livingstone, A. and Macpherson, H.G. (1983) Fifth supplementary list of British minerals (Scottish). Mineralogical Magazine, vol. 47, n° 342, p. 99-105. |
USA | |
| U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1225. |
| Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 290; Peterson, N.P. (1962), Geology and ore deposits of the Globe-Miami district, AZ, USGS PP 342: 72, 126; Wilson, E.D., et al (1950), Arizona zinc and lead deposits, part I, AZ Bur. Mines Bull. 156: 106. |
| Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 290; Lausen, C. & E.D. Wilson (1925), Gold and copper deposits near Payson, AZ, AZ Bur. Mines Bull. 120; Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 28. |
| Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 290. |
[MinRec 27:305] | |
| Wilson, E.D., et al (1934), AZ Bur. Mines Bull. 137: 187. |
| Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 290; Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 28. |
| Wilson, E.D. (1933), AZ Bur. of Mines Bull. 134: 67-68; Wilson, E.D., et al (1951), Arizona zinc and lead deposits, part II, AZ Bur. Mines Bull. 158: 94. |
[MinRec 21:162] | |
Wilson, E.D. (1933), AZ Bur. Mines Bull. 134: 63-64; Min.Rec.: 21: 160. | |
Wilson, E.D. (1933), AZ Bur. Mines Bull. 134: 60; Min.Rec.: 21:161. | |
; Wilson, E.D. (1933), Geology and Mineral deposits of southern Yuma Co., AZ, AZ Bur. Mines Bull. 134: 63; Min.Rec.: 21: 160. | |
Rocks & Min.: 61:55-56; MinRec 21:160. | |
Wilson, E.D. (1933), AZ Bur. Mines Bull. 134: 68-70; Min.Rec.: 21: 158. | |
Wilson, E.D. (1933), AZ Bur. Mines Bull. 134: 64. | |
Wilson, E.D. (1933), AZ Bur. Mines Bull. 134: 64-65. | |
| Wilson, E.D. (1933), AZ Bur. of Mines Bull. 134: 60-62; MinRec 21:161. |
| Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 290; Williams, S.A. (1968), Wickenburgite, a new mineral from Arizona, Am.Min.: 53: 1433-1438. |
| |
Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 290, 300; Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 28. | |
| Rolf Luetcke |
| Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 290; Williams, S.A. (1968), Wickenburgite, a new mineral from AZ, Am.Min.: 53: 1433-1438; Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 28. |
| Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 291. |
Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 291. | |
| [MinRec 21:160] |
| Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 291; Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 28; Schrader, F.C. & J.M. Hill (1915), Mineral deposits of the Santa Rita and Patagonia Mountains, AZ, USGS Bull. 582: 258-263. |
| Rolf Luetcke |
| Wilson, E.D. (1933), AZ Bur. Mines Bull. 134: 101. |
| Wilson, E.D., et al (1951), Arizona zinc and lead deposits, part II, AZ Bur. Mines Bull. 158: 110. |
| Wilson, E.D. (1933), AZ Bur. of Mines Bull. 134: 146-147. |
| Bradley, W.W. (1938), Thirty-fourth report of the State Mineralogist: California Division Mines Report 34: 194; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 257. |
| Loew, Oscar (1876), Report on the geological and mineralogical character of southeastern California and adjacent regions: US Geog. Surveys W. 100th Meridian Report 1876, ap. H2: 186; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 257. |
| Bradley, W.W. (1940), Thirty-sixth report of the State Mineralogist: California Division Mines Report 36: 106; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 257. |
Raymond, Rossiter Worthington (1875a), Statistics of the Mines and mining in the states and territories west of the Rocky Mountains: 43rd Cong., 2nd. sess., H. Ex. Doc. 177, (1874): 29, 31; Raymond, Rossiter Worthington (1875b), Mines and mining in the states and territories west of the Rocky Mountains: 44th. Cong., 1st. sess., H. Ex. Doc. 159, 519 pp.: 29; Loew, Oscar (1876), Report on the geological and mineralogical character of southeastern California and adjacent regions: US Geog. Surveys W. 100th Meridian Report 1876, ap. H2: 186; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 184. | |
Larsen, Esper Signius (1917), Massicot and litharge, the two modifications of lead monoxide: American Mineralogist: 2: 18-19; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 245. | |
| Larsen, Esper Signius (1921), The microscopic determination of nonopaque minerals: USGS Bulletin 679, 294 pp.: 106; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 257. |
| Ransome, Alfred Leslie (1940), General geology and ores of the Blind Spring Hill mining district, Mono County, California: California Division Mines Report 36: 189; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 257; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 184. |
| Van King |
| |
| www.mineralsocal.org |
| Hanks, Henry Garber (1884), Fourth report of the State Mineralogist: California Mining Bureau. Report 4, 410 pp.: 256; Larsen, Esper Signius (1917), Massicot and litharge, the two modifications of lead monoxide: American Mineralogist: 2: 18-19; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 245, 257. |
Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 257. | |
| MinRec 16:203-216 |
| Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B. |
| Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B. |
Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckel | |
| Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B. |
| Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckel |
Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckel | |
| Schooner, Richard. (circa 1980s), Untitled manuscript on central Connecticut mineralogy. |
| R&M 70:4 pp 242-263 |
Geology and Ore Deposits of Shoshone County, Idaho; Joseph B. Umpleby & E. L. Jones, Jr; 1923 | |
Rocks & Min. 70:261 | |
| Geology and Ore Deposits of Shoshone County, Idaho; Joseph B. Umpleby & E. L. Jones, Jr; 1923; Ream, Lanny L. 2004. Idaho Minerals, 2nd edition, Revised and Updated, p.6 |
R&M 70:4 pp 242-263 | |
Idaho Minerals (2004) L. Ream 2nd ed | |
| NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada |
NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada | |
| Dana 7:I:517. |
| NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada |
| NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada |
| NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada |
| Clive Bailen, geologist on project |
| Rolf Luetcke |
Clive Bailey, geologist on the project | |
| NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada |
| NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada |
| NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada |
NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada | |
| Saathoff collection |
| Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed. |
| Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed. |
| Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed. |
| Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed. |
Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed. | |
Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed. | |
Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed. | |
| SDSMT Bull 18 Roberts and Rapp "Mineralogy of the Black Hills" |
| UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah |
North, Jerry (2010) Displays of Nature : History, Minerals & Crystals of Utah's Bingham Canyon Copper Mine. | |
| USGS Bull 340D |
| UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah |
| UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah |
| UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah |
| Dana 6:1073; Dana 7:I:517-518.; USGS Bulletin 585 |
| Minerals of Virginia, 1990 by R. V. Dietrich |
| Cannon, B. (1975): Minerals of Washington p.68 |
| Minerals of Washington, Bart Cannon, 1975 |
| Minerals of Washington, Bart Cannon, 1975 |
Clara Mine, Rankach valley, Oberwolfach, Wolfach, Ortenaukreis, Baden-Württemberg, Germany