Monazite-(Ce)
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Monazite-(Ce)
Formula:
Ce(PO4)
Always contains major to minor amounts of other REE (Nd, La, Sm, ...) replacing Ce. Also often contains trace amounts of U and Th (coupled with Ca).
Colour:
Commonly reddish brown to brown; shades of green to brown, yellow brown, rarely nearly white; yellow, colourless in transmitted light.
Lustre:
Sub-Adamantine, Vitreous, Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Waxy, Greasy
Hardness:
5 - 5½
Specific Gravity:
5 - 5.5
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named in 1829 by Johann Friedrich August Breithaupt from the Greek μουάζω "to be solitary" in allusion to the rarity of its presence in the first known localities. The suffix "Ce" conforms to the Levinson Rule for rare earth minerals, for the cerium dominant member of the monazite series.
Type Locality:
The overwhelmingly most common member of the monazite group. Monazite-(Ce) is a widely distributed mineral, as an accessory in granitic igneous rocks and gneissic metamorphic rocks, and in detrital sands derived from them.
May belong to monazite-(Ce)-huttonite series.
May belong to monazite-(Ce)-huttonite series.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
2751
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2751:5
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
d8b37e41-1613-41a6-9a0a-156fda8b1aaf
IMA Classification of Monazite-(Ce)
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
Classification of Monazite-(Ce)
8.AD.50
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
A : Phosphates, etc. without additional anions, without H2O
D : With only large cations
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
A : Phosphates, etc. without additional anions, without H2O
D : With only large cations
38.4.3.1
38 : ANHYDROUS NORMAL PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, AND VANADATES
4 : AXO4
38 : ANHYDROUS NORMAL PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, AND VANADATES
4 : AXO4
19.9.3
19 : Phosphates
9 : Phosphates of rare earths and Sc
19 : Phosphates
9 : Phosphates of rare earths and Sc
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Mnz-Ce | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Mnz | Kretz (1983) | Kretz, R. (1983) Symbols of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 68, 277–279. |
Mnz | Siivolam & Schmid (2007) | Siivolam, J. and Schmid, R. (2007) Recommendations by the IUGS Subcommission on the Systematics of Metamorphic Rocks: List of mineral abbreviations. Web-version 01.02.07. IUGS Commission on the Systematics in Petrology. download |
Mnz | Whitney & Evans (2010) | Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185–187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371 |
Mnz | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Physical Properties of Monazite-(Ce)
Sub-Adamantine, Vitreous, Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Waxy, Greasy
Transparency:
Translucent
Colour:
Commonly reddish brown to brown; shades of green to brown, yellow brown, rarely nearly white; yellow, colourless in transmitted light.
Streak:
White, faintly coloured.
Hardness:
5 - 5½ on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
On {100}, distinct; on {010}, difficult; also on {110}, {101}, and {011}, indistinct as observed at times.
On {100}, distinct; on {010}, difficult; also on {110}, {101}, and {011}, indistinct as observed at times.
Parting:
Well-marked frequently present on {001}; on {111}, rare.
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven, Conchoidal
Density:
5 - 5.5 g/cm3 (Measured) 5.26 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Comment:
Density increases with an increase in the Th content (to 5.4).
Optical Data of Monazite-(Ce)
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.770 - 1.793 nβ = 1.778 - 1.800 nγ = 1.823 - 1.860
2V:
Measured: 10° to 26°, Calculated: 18° to 24°
Birefringence:
0.060
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.053 - 0.067
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Very High
Dispersion:
r > v or r < v, weak
Optical Extinction:
X=b, Z^c = 2° - 6°
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
Faint to imperceptible. In pale yellows.
Chemistry of Monazite-(Ce)
Mindat Formula:
Ce(PO4)
Always contains major to minor amounts of other REE (Nd, La, Sm, ...) replacing Ce. Also often contains trace amounts of U and Th (coupled with Ca).
Always contains major to minor amounts of other REE (Nd, La, Sm, ...) replacing Ce. Also often contains trace amounts of U and Th (coupled with Ca).
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Monazite-(Ce)
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Cell Parameters:
a = 6.7902(10) Å, b = 7.0203(6) Å, c = 6.4674(7) Å
β = 103.6°
β = 103.6°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.967 : 1 : 0.921
Unit Cell V:
299.65 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Crystals usually small but may be large and coarse at times. Frequently flattened {100} or elongate [010]; prismatic by extension of {111} at times; equant, or wedge-shaped by the large development of {100} and {111}. Crystal faces commonly rough, striated or uneven.
Twinning:
On {100}, common; cruciform at times. Also on {001}, lamellar, rare. Doubtfully reported on {201} and {902}.
Comment:
Space-group setting P21/n.
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0001698 | Monazite-(Ce) | Ni Y, Hughes J M, Mariano A N (1995) Crystal chemistry of the monazite and xenotime structures American Mineralogist 80 21-26 | 1995 | 0 | 293 | ||
0001700 | Monazite-(Ce) | Ni Y, Hughes J M, Mariano A N (1995) Crystal chemistry of the monazite and xenotime structures Ce(PO4) American Mineralogist 80 21-26 | 1995 | 0 | 293 | ||
0019170 | Monazite-(Ce) | Mooney R C L (1948) Crystal structures of a series of rare earth phosphates Journal of Chemical Physics 16 1003-1003 | 1948 | synthetic | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
3.285 Å | (35) |
3.078 Å | (80) |
2.862 Å | (100) |
2.151 Å | (40) |
1.963 Å | (50) |
1.876 Å | (30) |
1.738 Å | (40b) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
Stage 3a: Earth’s earliest Hadean crust | >4.50 |
9 : Lava/xenolith minerals (hornfels, sanidinite facies) | |
Stage 4a: Earth’s earliest continental crust | >4.4-3.0 |
19 : Granitic intrusive rocks | |
Near-surface Processes | |
23 : Subaerial aqueous alteration by non-redox-sensitive fluids (see also #47) | |
26 : Hadean detrital minerals | |
Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
34 : Complex granite pegmatites | |
36 : Carbonatites, kimberlites, and related igneous rocks | |
Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics | <3.5-2.5 |
40 : Regional metamorphism (greenschist, amphibolite, granulite facies) |
Geological Setting:
Pegmatites of various kinds associated with granitic or syenitic igneous rocks.
Type Occurrence of Monazite-(Ce)
General Appearance of Type Material:
Red to red-brown tabular crystals
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Mining Academy, Freiberg, Germany 19539
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Originally described from a "quartz-leeren Zirkon Granits", which could be the same as a syenite pegmatite.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Monazite-(Ce)
Other Language Names for Monazite-(Ce)
Russian:Монацит-(Ce)
Simplified Chinese:铈独居石
Spanish:Edwardsita
Kularita
Kularita
Swedish:Kårarfveit
Traditional Chinese:鈰獨居石
Varieties of Monazite-(Ce)
Kularite | Black enriched with Eu variety of Monazite-(Ce) from gold placers of Polar Yakutia. Usually form rounded crystals formed in weathering zones of black shales. |
Silicomonazite | A silicatian Monazite. |
Sulphate and Strontium-bearing Monazite-(Ce) | A variety strongly enriched in S (≤ 11.3% SO3, accounting for 0.31 apfu S) and Sr (≤ 8.7% SrO, accounting for 0.18 apfu Sr). Occurs in aggregates with hingganite in hydrothermal quartz-albite-chlorite veinlets. |
Turnerite | Golden yellow to brownish yellow wedge-shaped crystals. |
Relationship of Monazite-(Ce) to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Monazite-(La) | La(PO4) | Mon. 2/m |
Monazite-(Nd) | Nd(PO4) | Mon. 2/m |
Monazite-(Sm) | Sm(PO4) | Mon. 2/m |
Forms a series with:
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
351 photos of Monazite-(Ce) associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
75 photos of Monazite-(Ce) associated with Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
61 photos of Monazite-(Ce) associated with Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
61 photos of Monazite-(Ce) associated with Cassiterite | SnO2 |
56 photos of Monazite-(Ce) associated with Rutile | TiO2 |
52 photos of Monazite-(Ce) associated with Xenotime-(Y) | Y(PO4) |
43 photos of Monazite-(Ce) associated with Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
33 photos of Monazite-(Ce) associated with Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
29 photos of Monazite-(Ce) associated with Aegirine | NaFe3+Si2O6 |
29 photos of Monazite-(Ce) associated with Anatase | TiO2 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
8.AD. | Keplerite | Ca9(Ca0.5◻0.5)Mg(PO4)7 |
8.AD. | Deynekoite | Ca9◻Fe3+(PO4)7 |
8.AD. | Mazorite | Ba3(PO4)2 |
8.AD. | Monazite-(Gd) | Gd(PO4) |
8.AD.05 | Nahpoite | Na2(PO3OH) |
8.AD.10 | Monetite | Ca(PO3OH) |
8.AD.10 | Weilite | Ca(HAsO4) |
8.AD.10 | Švenekite | Ca(H2AsO4)2 |
8.AD.15 | Archerite | (K,NH4)(H2PO4) |
8.AD.15 | Biphosphammite | NH4(H2PO4) |
8.AD.20 | Phosphammite | (NH4)2(PO3OH) |
8.AD.25 | Buchwaldite | NaCa(PO4) |
8.AD.30 | Schultenite | Pb(HAsO4) |
8.AD.35 | Chernovite-(Y) | Y(AsO4) |
8.AD.35 | Dreyerite | Bi(VO4) |
8.AD.35 | Wakefieldite-(Ce) | Ce(VO4) |
8.AD.35 | Wakefieldite-(Y) | Y(VO4) |
8.AD.35 | Xenotime-(Y) | Y(PO4) |
8.AD.35 | Chernovite-(Ce) | (Ce,Y)(AsO4) |
8.AD.35 | Pretulite | Sc(PO4) |
8.AD.35 | Xenotime-(Yb) | Yb(PO4) |
8.AD.35 | Wakefieldite-(La) | La(VO4) |
8.AD.35 | Wakefieldite-(Nd) | Nd(VO4) |
8.AD.35 | Xenotime-(Gd) | Gd(PO4) |
8.AD.40 | Pucherite | Bi(VO4) |
8.AD.45 | Ximengite | Bi(PO4) |
8.AD.50 | Gasparite-(Ce) | Ce(AsO4) |
8.AD.50 | Monazite-(La) | La(PO4) |
8.AD.50 | Monazite-(Nd) | Nd(PO4) |
8.AD.50 | Rooseveltite | Bi(AsO4) |
8.AD.50 | Cheralite | CaTh(PO4)2 |
8.AD.50 | Monazite-(Sm) | Sm(PO4) |
8.AD.50 | UM2005-35-VO:CaFePSiTh | (Th,Ca)(VO4,SiO4,PO4) |
8.AD.50 | Gasparite-(La) | La(AsO4) |
8.AD.55 | Tetrarooseveltite | Bi(AsO4) |
8.AD.60 | Chursinite | [Hg2]2+Hg2+2[AsO4]2 |
8.AD.65 | Clinobisvanite | Bi(VO4) |
8.AD.70 | Gurimite | Ba3(VO4)2 |
8.AD.75 | Picaite | NaCa[AsO3OH][AsO2(OH)2] |
Fluorescence of Monazite-(Ce)
Not fluorescent
Other Information
Magnetism:
Paramagnetic
Notes:
Slowly decomposed by acids.
Dull brown cathodoluminescence.
Dull brown cathodoluminescence.
Health Risks:
Radioactive if rich in thorium (major admixture) or uranium (minor admixture).
Industrial Uses:
Ore of the rare earth elements.
Internet Links for Monazite-(Ce)
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-2751.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Monazite-(Ce)
Reference List:
Brooke, Henry J., Phillips, William (1852) An Elementary Introduction to Mineralogy (6th ed.) pages 493 (Monazite), 653 (Turnerite)
Lacroix, Alfred (1922) Minéralogie de Madagascar, Tome I. Géologie-Minéralogie descriptive. Augustin Challamel, Paris. p.1-624. pp.351-351
Ellsworth, H. V. (1932) Monazite colored by carbon from Dickens Township, Nipissing District, Ontario. American Mineralogist, 17 (1) 19-28
Kucha, H. (1980) Continuity in the Monazite-Huttonite Series. Mineralogical Magazine: 43: 1031-1034.
Kolitsch, Uwe, Holtstam, Dan (2004) Crystal chemistry of REEXO4 compounds (X = P,As, V) II. Review of REEXO4 compounds and their stability fields. European Journal of Mineralogy, 16 (1) 117-126 doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2004/0016-0117
Lenz, Christoph, Nasdala, Lutz, Talla, Dominik, Hauzenberger, Christoph, Seitz, Roland, Kolitsch, Uwe (2015) Laser-induced REE3+ photoluminescence of selected accessory minerals — An “advantageous artefact” in Raman spectroscopy. Chemical Geology, 415. 1-16 doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2015.09.001
Broom-Fendley, Sam, Smith, Martin P, Andrade, Marcelo B, Ray, Santanu, Banks, David A, Loye, Edward, Atencio, Daniel, Pickles, Jonathan R, Wall, Frances (2019) Sulfur-bearing monazite-(Ce) from the Eureka carbonatite, Namibia: oxidation state, substitution mechanism, and formation conditions. Mineralogical Magazine, 84 (1) 35-48 doi:10.1180/mgm.2019.79
Localities for Monazite-(Ce)
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Afghanistan | |
| Tucker et al. (2012) |
Antarctica | |
| Grew (1981) +1 other reference |
| Grew et al. (2007) |
| Grew et al. (2006) +1 other reference |
Argentina | |
| Padrón de Minas de la Provincia de ... |
| COLOMBO +2 other references |
| Victorio Angelelli et al. (1983) |
| Victorio Angelelli et al. (1983) |
Victorio Angelelli et al. (1983) | |
Victorio Angelelli et al. (1983) | |
| Angelelli (1958) |
Angelelli (1958) | |
| Angelelli (1958) |
| Raúl Jorge Tauber Larry |
| Galliski et al. (2006) |
Galliski et al. (2006) | |
| Raúl Tauber Larry´s collection |
| Ribacki et al. (2023) |
| Miguel Ángel María Florencia Márquez-Zavalía (eds.) |
| M. B. FRANCHINI et al. (8300) +6 other references |
M. FRANCHINI +1 other reference | |
M. Franchini et al. (2002) | |
Australia | |
| Vera Munro-Smith (2006) |
| |
| Anderson et al. (4) |
Scott Whittemore. +1 other reference | |
| Birch (1999) |
| Anderson et al. (4) |
| Mount Woods Inlier et al. (Honors thesis) +1 other reference |
| PA Wulser data / Coats & Blissetts 1971 |
| Coats R.P.et al.1971 |
Brugger et al. (2003) | |
| Wulser PA et al. U-Th-REE mobility in ... |
| mentioned references in description |
| Brugger et al. (2006) |
| Arbon (2011) |
| implications for ore genesis. Neues ... +3 other references |
| www.crocoite.com (2002) |
Bottrill et al. (2008) | |
| Bottrill & Taheri +1 other reference |
| |
Bottrill et al. (2008) | |
| R Botttrill |
| Ryan Eagle - collection |
| Personally collected by Ryan Eagle in ... |
Eagle et al. (2015) | |
Personally collected by Ryan Eagle in ... | |
| Eagle (2009) |
| Eagle (2009) |
| |
| Mills et al. (2010) |
| Downes et al. (2006) |
| Downes et al. (2016) |
| Simpson +1 other reference |
Austria | |
| Auer (2020) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Walter et al. (2001) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
Niedermayr et al. (1995) | |
| Kolitsch (2019) |
| Müller (2016) |
| Schuster R. et al. (2016) |
| Kolitsch (2017) |
HEHENBERGER (1996) | |
| Kolitsch (2021) |
| BECKER (1996a) |
| Collection of Martin Slama +1 other reference |
| Kolitsch (2017) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2020) |
| NIEDERMAYR et al. (2005) |
| Knobloch et al. (2021) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2022) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2015) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2014) |
| Auer (2022) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2023) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2016) |
| Kolitsch (2019) |
| Neschen (n.d.) |
| C.Auer 2012 |
| Kolitsch et al. (2019) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2012) |
| Walter (2010) |
| C.Auer (2018) |
| abstract in Mitt. Österr. Mineral. ... +1 other reference |
Tanzi Maurizio. | |
| Fred Kruijen colelction |
Neschen (n.d.) | |
| Kolitsch et al. (2021) |
| Steiner&Melcher (2020) |
| Strasser (1989) |
Kolitsch (2020) | |
| Collection of NHM |
| Chinellato Matteo |
Preite (2012) | |
| Gröbner et al. (2008) |
| Neschen (n.d.) |
Walter (2009) | |
Stephan Wolfsried collection | |
| U. Kolitsch et al. (2012) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2016) |
| C.Auer (2016) |
| |
| Kolitsch (2008) |
| Bernhard et al. (2006) |
| Auer (2020) |
| SEM-EDS |
| Franz Bernhard collection |
Franz Bernhard collection | |
Ertl et al. (1998) | |
| Bernhard (2006) |
| Grachev (Ed) +1 other reference |
| Picture first described in: +1 other reference |
| SEM-EDX |
| Auer (2022) |
| Postl et al. (2005) |
| Taucher et al. (1998) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Jakely (2008) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2016) |
| Kolitsch (2017) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2023) |
| Walter et al. (2019) |
| C.Auer (2016) |
Auer (2022) | |
C.Auer (2016) | |
| ExtraLapis no. 12 (1997) |
K. Folie (1999) | |
| Reiter (2012) |
| C.Auer (2013) |
| Horninger (1936) +1 other reference |
| Kolitsch (2008) +1 other reference |
| Kolitsch et al. (2020) |
| Kolitsch (2015) |
| Kolitsch (2014) |
Kolitsch (2015) | |
Kolitsch (2015) | |
Belgium | |
| Burnotte et al. (1989) +1 other reference |
| Limbourg (1986) +1 other reference |
| Dillen et al. (2004) +2 other references |
| Blondieau (2005) |
| Nonnon (1984) +1 other reference |
| Renard (1881) +4 other references |
Bolivia | |
| Cacho et al. (2019) |
| Jiménez-Franco et al. (2018) |
| Petrov (n.d.) |
RRUFF specimen R060925 | |
| Kempff et al. (La Paz, 2009) |
Botswana | |
| Melgarejo et al. (2011) |
Brazil | |
| Nitze |
| Overstreet |
| Overstreet |
F. Zaccarini (2006) | |
| Overstreet |
Nitze | |
| Santos et al. (2018) |
| Cassedanne (1985) |
| Overstreet |
Tony Nikischer | |
| Raúl Jorge Tauber Larry |
| Santana et al. (2022) |
| Yuri de Melo Portella et al. (2016) |
| Kaminsky et al. (2013) |
| Ferdinando Giovine collection (analysis by Prof. A. U. Falster, University of New Orleans) |
| Luis Menezes specimen |
Leonardo | |
| Cassedanne et al. (1999) |
| Luis Menezes |
| [Mineralogical Record - Vol 25 No.3] |
| Martins da Pedra |
| Menezes da Silva et al. (2020) |
Andrade et al. (2013) | |
| Brugger et al. (1997) |
Brugger et al. (1997) | |
| Azzi (2019) |
Azzi (2019) | |
| King (n.d.) |
Chris D. Parkinson et al. | |
| Costanzo et al. (2006) |
Bulgaria | |
| Petrík et al. (2016) |
Burundi | |
| Ntiharirizwa et al. (2018) |
Cambodia | |
| Filina et al. (2019) |
Canada | |
| Dalsin (2013) +1 other reference |
Caudle +1 other reference | |
| Pell (1994) |
| DIXON et al. (2014) |
| Pan et al. (2000) |
| Camacho et al. (2014) |
| Cerny et al. 2012 +1 other reference |
| Ducharme (2020) |
| Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data (2013) |
| SHEARD et al. (2012) |
| Badham |
Anton R. Chakhmouradian and Roger H. Mitchell (2001) | |
| D. Robert Pinckston (1995) +2 other references |
Canadian Mineralogist 41:117-137 | |
| Owen +3 other references |
| Can. Mineral. (1993) |
| SAGE (1981) |
| Schandl et al. (1991) |
| Schandl (2004) |
| Canadian Mineralogist 45 |
| King (n.d.) |
King (n.d.) | |
| David Joyce +2 other references |
| Ercit (1994) |
T. S. Ercit (1994) | |
| T. S. Ercit (1994) |
| Canadian Mineralogist 49 |
| T. S. Ercit (1994) |
| Grew et al. (2010) |
| G. W. Robinson (1993) |
| Harris (1989) |
Mitchell et al. (1993) | |
| Platt & Wooley (1990) |
| Potter et al. (2005) |
| Canadian Mineralogist 49 |
| Helt (2012) |
| Olivier Langelier Collection |
| Ellsworth |
| Horváth |
| Robinson et al. (1996) |
| HORVÁTH et al. (2006) |
| Horváth et al. (2013) |
| Gold (1969) |
| Sabina (1986) +1 other reference |
Sabina (1986) +1 other reference | |
| Horváth et al. (1990) |
| Horváth et al. (1998) |
Horváth et al. (1998) | |
| Horváth Collection - confirmed by XRD |
| SASSANO et al. (1987) |
Zurevinski +1 other reference | |
| Nadeau et al. (2014) |
| Mitchell et al. (2017) +1 other reference |
Petrella (2013) | |
Pierre-Alain Wulser | |
| Hugh S. Spence (1930) +1 other reference |
| Martin et al. (2018) |
| Currie (1976) +1 other reference |
FOURNIER (1993) | |
Miller (1990) +5 other references | |
| McDonald et al. (2018) |
| in International Workshop on the ... +1 other reference |
Cape Verde | |
China | |
| Am. Min. |
| Martin et al. (2004) +3 other references |
| Su et al. (2) +3 other references |
| Rao et al. (2017) |
| Yiping Chen et al. (2007) |
| Jian et al. (2022) |
| Li (1982) +3 other references |
| Bai et al. (1985) +1 other reference |
| Liu +1 other reference |
Liu +2 other references | |
Smith et al. (2000) | |
| Wu et al. (2021) |
| Rucheng Wang et al. (2003) |
| Huang et al. (1984) +3 other references |
Huang et al. (lead) +2 other references | |
| Jingxiang et al. (2002) |
| Wang et al. (2000) +2 other references |
| Xiang-Ping Gu et al. (2003) |
| Bai et al. (1985) |
| Yang et al. (2006) |
| Xue et al. (2021) |
Xue et al. (2021) | |
| Ge X. et al. (2017) |
| Jingwu Yin et al. (2013) |
| Ligang et al. (2018) |
| Bai et al. (1985) +3 other references |
| Wang et al. (2023) |
| Li et al. (2019) |
| Qiu et al. (2004) +1 other reference |
Colombia | |
| Overstreet |
Croatia | |
| Tomašić et al. (2021) |
Czech Republic | |
| Cempírek et al. (2006) |
| Gadas et al. (2011) |
| Morávek P. |
| Ondruš et al. (2003) |
| Sejkora et al. (2021) |
| René (2018) |
| Seifert +3 other references |
Scharm +7 other references | |
| Škoda R. |
| Simona Vachová (2010) |
| Zimák |
Novotný | |
| Gadas et al. (2013) +1 other reference |
| Novotný |
| Novotný |
Novotný et al. (severní Morava) | |
| Pauliš et al. (2019) |
Veselovský (2019) | |
| Uher et al. (1998) |
| Petr Černý et al. (2007) |
Lukas Jankaj specimen +1 other reference | |
Novák et al. (2016) | |
| Škoda |
| Breiter |
| Sejkora (1998) |
Sejkora (1998) | |
Sejkora (1998) | |
Sejkora (1998) | |
| Novák et al. (2007) |
| Škoda +2 other references |
| Pauliš P. et al. (Kutna Hora, issue 1) |
| Raúl Jorge Tauber Larry |
| Škoda +1 other reference |
| Přikryl et al. (2012) |
Houzar +5 other references | |
| Novák +2 other references |
P. Pauliš (2001) | |
P. Pauliš (2001) | |
| Cerny et al. (2000) +1 other reference |
DR Congo | |
| Thoreau et al. (1936) +1 other reference |
| Nasraoui et al. (2000) |
Egypt | |
| Mahmoud et al. (2018) |
Equatorial Guinea | |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
Europe | |
identifiée par MNHN Paris | |
Finland | |
| Marmo et al. (1966) |
| Ilkka Mikkola collection |
| Lahti Seppo I. 2011. Kotkan ... |
| Tuisku |
Al-Ani et al. (2013) | |
| Tuisku |
Thair Al Ani and Olli Sarapää (2011) | |
| Jyrki Autio Collection |
| tupa.gtk.fi (2016) |
| Al-Ani et al. (2009) +2 other references |
Ani et al. (2013) | |
| Chernet et al. (2018) |
Chernet et al. (2018) | |
| Al-Ani et al. (2018) |
tupa.gtk.fi (2016) | |
| Al Ani (2013) |
| Al-Ani Thair |
| Ilkka Mikkola collection |
Sandström et al. (2009) | |
| Bergverksmuseets Skrift 33 +1 other reference |
| Pohjalainen |
| Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data 2019 |
| Niskanen (2014) |
| Grönholm et al. (2014) |
| Geogian Tutkimuskeskus 2010. ... |
France | |
| Ducluzaux B. (2022) |
| Ducluzaux B. (2022) |
| luigi mattei |
| Valverde J. (1999) |
| luigi mattei |
| King (n.d.) |
| De Ascençao Guedes et al. (2013) |
| www.micromineral.org (n.d.) |
| Lukas (1978) |
| Collection François Périnet |
| R. Coppens and M. Mayanda : "Etude ... |
| R. Pierrot |
R. Pierrot | |
| |
| R. Pierrot |
| Périnet (n.d.) |
| Périnet (n.d.) |
| Boisson et al. (2011) |
| MONCHOUX P. et al. (2006) |
MONCHOUX P. et al. (2006) | |
| Bull. Soc. Franç. Minéralo. ... |
| Gatel (1990) +1 other reference |
| Self collected Jean-Marie LAURENT - ... |
| Ducluzaux (2022) |
| Berbain et al. (2012) |
| E. Gloaguen : "Original Mineralogical Features of a Hydrothermalized Oolitic Ironstone : The Deposit of Saint-Aubin-des-Châteaux (Armorican Massif, France) |
| Moëlo et al. (2006) |
| Périnet F. (2018) |
| Georges FAVREAU collection & EDX ... |
Gabon | |
| Janusz Janeczek (1999) |
Germany | |
| |
| Wittern (1995) |
| Walenta (1992) |
| 54. +1 other reference |
| Tschauner +3 other references |
| Habel (2009) |
| Mineralien-Welt 18 (5) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Harald G. Dill et al. (2009) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Belendorff (2004) |
| Belendorff (2021) |
| Wirausky (2019) |
| Blass et al. (Y) |
| Blass +2 other references |
[Blass +2 other references | |
| Blass +1 other reference |
Blass +1 other reference | |
| Blass +1 other reference |
| Blass |
| Blass +1 other reference |
| Kleser (2005) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Wittern (2001) |
Greece | |
| no description given yet] +1 other reference |
| Rieck et al. (2018) |
| Rieck et al. (2018) |
| Uwe Kolitsch unpublished SEM-EDS ... |
| Kolitsch et al. (2015) +2 other references |
Uwe Kolitsch | |
| Maksimović et al. (1978) |
| Vasilatos et al. (2023) |
Vasilatos et al. (2023) | |
| Theye +4 other references |
| Frank Mazdab collection (hand sample + thin section) |
Greenland | |
| Bøggild (1953) |
| Cegiełka et al. (2019) |
Collection of NHM | |
| Soerensen (1962) |
| Pekov et al. (1997) |
Collection of NHM | |
| Danoe et al. (1959) |
Collection of NHM +1 other reference | |
Hungary | |
| Koch: Minerals of Hungary |
| Szakáll-Gatter-Szendrei: Mineral ... |
Mineral Species of Hungary | |
| Kohút et al. (2019) |
| Szakáll et al. (1996) |
| Zajzon et al. (2015) |
| Szakáll et al. (1996) |
| Szakáll & Jánosi: Minerals of Hungary |
| Szakáll-Jánosi: Minerals of Hungary |
| Szakáll et al. (1996) |
India | |
| Parthasarathy et al. (1968) |
| Anonymous |
| F. Wall (1993) |
| Singh et al. (2023) |
| P. Parthasarathy |
| King (n.d.) |
| Mahapatro et al. (2023) |
| Burtseva et al. (2013) |
| Chakrabarty et al. (2018) |
Iran | |
| Abedini |
Iraq | |
| Mohammad et al. (2016) +1 other reference |
Ireland | |
| Dr Richard Unitt Collection |
Israel | |
| Bogoch et al. (1992) |
Italy | |
| Putzolu et al. (2018) |
Putzolu et al. (2018) | |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
Piccoli et al. (2007) | |
Piccoli et al. (2007) | |
Piccoli et al. (2007) | |
Piccoli et al. (2007) | |
Piccoli et al. (2007) | |
Turconi (1985) +1 other reference | |
Piccoli et al. (2007) | |
| Graziano Del Core photo & collection |
| Mongelli et al. (2014) |
| Sinisi (2018) |
| Adorni F. (1997) |
| |
www.gminromano.it (n.d.) +4 other references | |
| Palenzona A. et al. (1990) |
| analysed by Dr. Anthony Kampf |
| Bracco et al. (2006) |
| Verrini (2005) |
| Banti et al. (2011) |
| Bedognè et al. (2006) |
| Bedognè et al. (1993) |
| Bedognè et al. (1993) |
| www.mineralimottarella.it (2010) |
Bedognè F. et al. (1995) | |
Bedogné et al. (1995) | |
| AA. VV. +1 other reference |
Ghizzoni et al. (2005) | |
Ghizzoni et al. (2005) | |
Ghizzoni et al. (2005) | |
Ghizzoni et al. (2005) | |
Ghizzoni et al. (2005) | |
| Bedognè et al. (1993) |
Bedognè et al. (1993) | |
| Bossi (1978) +1 other reference |
| Biffi P. et al. (Varese) +1 other reference |
| Turconi B. (1985) +1 other reference |
Gentile et al. (2023) +1 other reference | |
Gentile et al. (2023) | |
- (n.d.) | |
| Gentile et al. (2023) |
| Piccoli et al. (2004) |
| Ambrino et al. (2009) |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Marengo et al. (2016) |
| Piccoli (2002) +2 other references |
| Tilghman (2014) |
| Matteo Giai et al. (2023) +1 other reference |
Piccoli et al. (2007) | |
Piccoli (2002) | |
Chinellato Matteo | |
| Brizio et al. (2010) |
Finello et al. (2007) | |
| Ciriotti et al. (2011) |
Giovanni Scapin Collection | |
Collection Giuseppe Finello | |
| |
Albertini C. (1991) +1 other reference | |
Collected by Frank de Wit (1989-2000) +2 other references | |
Albertini (1991) | |
| De Battisti et al. (1987) |
| Mattioli V. (1976) +1 other reference |
Mattioli V. (1979) +1 other reference | |
| Mattioli (1985) |
Sergio Varvello collection | |
| www.mindat.org (2016) |
| 'Apatite' - Monazite- (Ce) |
| Cuchet et al. (2023) |
| Rivista Mineralogica Italiana (1) |
| Mattioli V. (1979) +1 other reference |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) +1 other reference |
www.mindat.org (2016) | |
| Rivista Mineralogica Italiana (1) |
Guastoni et al. (2019) | |
Guastoni et al. (2019) | |
| Thorne (n.d.) |
| Boscardin et al. (2013) |
Piccoli et al. (2007) | |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
Cuchet et al. (2016) | |
Cuchet et al. (2016) | |
Cuchet et al. (2016) | |
Cuchet et al. (2016) +1 other reference | |
Cuchet et al. (2016) | |
Cuchet et al. (2016) | |
Cuchet et al. (2022) | |
| Rivista Mineralogica Italiana |
| Orlandi et al. (2013) +1 other reference |
| Gamboni et al. (2012) |
S. Cuccuru (2011) | |
| Gamboni et al. (1996) |
| Billows (1941) |
Gamboni et al. (2013) | |
| Bosi et al. (2018) |
| Preite et al. (1995) |
| Gartner et al. (2002) |
| Folie et al. (2010) |
K. Folie (1999) | |
Folie et al. (2010) | |
Buscaroli et al. (1994) | |
| Vignola et al. (2018) |
| Pezzotta et al. (1998) |
Orlandi et al. (1997) | |
| Orlandi et al. (2004) |
| Orlandi et al. (2009) |
| Orlandi et al. (2009) |
Orlandi et al. (2009) | |
Orlandi et al. (2009) | |
Japan | |
| Uehara et al. (2014) |
| Koji Koseki & Hanzo Gohara (1956) |
Koji Koseki & Hanzo Gohara (1956) | |
Kozo Takeda specimens | |
| Keiichi Omori (1953) |
| Dr. Kameki Kinoshita collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan) |
| Matsubara et al. (2013) |
| Nakajima & Kurosawa (2006) |
| Dr. Kameki Kinoshita collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan) +1 other reference |
John Rakovan (2015) | |
| European J. Mineralogy 20 (2008) |
| K. Watanabe collection. |
| Akira Harada et al. (2010) +1 other reference |
| Terashima et al. (2004) |
| Nakatsugawa Mineral Museum (Gifu Prefecture, Japan) |
| Matsubara et al. (1998) |
Kazakhstan | |
| Gavrilenko et al. (2006) |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| СВЕТЛАНА Н. НЕНАШЕВА (2021) |
Pekov (1998) | |
Kyrgyzstan | |
| Vrublevskii et al. (2017) +1 other reference |
| L.A. Pautov data |
| |
Madagascar | |
| Pezzotta (2005) |
| Ranorosoa (1986) |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| Guillaume Estrade (2014) |
Ganzeev et al. (2003) +1 other reference | |
Ranorosoa (1986) | |
| Ranorosoa (1986) |
Ranorosoa (1986) | |
Novák et al. (2015) | |
Ranorosoa (1986) | |
Ranorosoa (1986) | |
| Ranorosoa (1986) |
| Ranorosoa (1986) |
| Rudy Bolona specimen |
| Ranorosoa (1986) |
| Rosell (2023) |
Malawi | |
| Wall et al. (1996) |
| EDS +1 other reference |
Dowman et al. (2017) | |
Mali | |
| Masurel et al. (2017) |
Mexico | |
| Megaw (2023) |
| Wittmann A (2022) |
Mongolia | |
| Petr Paulis (Bajan Mod) |
Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) | |
| G.M. Tsareva data +3 other references |
Kovalenko et al. (2004) | |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) +2 other references |
| Tumenbayar et al. (2000) |
Tumenbayar et al. (2000) | |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) +1 other reference |
Morocco | |
| Benaouda et al. (2020) +2 other references |
Mozambique | |
| Slobodník +4 other references |
| Cilek |
Myanmar | |
| Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data |
Namibia | |
| Orris et al. (2002) |
von Bezing (2007) | |
| doi.org (n.d.) +2 other references |
Schnaitmann et al. (2007) | |
| von Bezing (2007) |
| von Bezing (2007) |
von Bezing (2007) | |
| von Bezing (2007) |
| von Bezing (2007) |
| von Bezing (2007) |
| Uwe Kolitsch (powder X-ray diffraction + SEM-EDS) +3 other references |
| von Bezing (2007) |
Wall et al. (2008) | |
| Desor (06/2022) |
| Dunn (1991) +1 other reference |
| von Bezing (2007) |
| von Bezing (2007) |
Nigeria | |
| Styles et al. (1983) |
North Korea | |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| Ohe Rikosha specimens |
North Macedonia | |
| Ermolaeva et al. (2019) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2018) |
Northwest Africa Meteorites | |
Liu et al. (2016) +1 other reference | |
Norway | |
| Acquired from Theodor Gautestad 1981 |
| Frigstad (1968) |
Selbekk et al. (2009) | |
| |
Selbekk et al. (2009) | |
Søren Koch - Risø DTU - Denmark | |
| The Evje og Hornnes geomuseum |
Nordrum (2001) | |
Frigstad (1968) | |
Frigstad (1968) | |
Stensrud (2009) | |
| Collection of the Evje og Hornnes ... |
Stensrud (2009) | |
Stensrud (2009) | |
| Frigstad (1968) |
Frigstad (1968) | |
Andersen (1931) | |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
Charles D Young photo | |
Stensrud (2009) | |
Stensrud (2009) | |
Stensrud (2009) | |
Selbekk et al. (2009) | |
Stensrud (2009) | |
Stensrud (2009) | |
Stensrud (2009) | |
Stensrud (2009) | |
Stensrud (2009) | |
Stensrud (2009) | |
| Peter Andresen collection. |
| Olav Revheim photo |
Selbekk et al. (2009) | |
Stensrud (2009) | |
Bjørlykke (1934) | |
Stensrud (2009) | |
| Stensrud (2009) |
Neumann et al. (1963) | |
| Stensrud (2009) |
Stensrud (2009) | |
| Stensrud (2009) |
Breivik et al. (2010) | |
| Stensrud (2009) |
Schetelig (1911) +1 other reference | |
| Frigstad (1968) |
| Bjørlykke (1934) +1 other reference |
King (n.d.) | |
| Nordrum (2009) |
| Sigurd Stordal collection |
| Sverdrup et al. (1967, p. 20) +1 other reference |
| Nature History Museum _Geological museum collection (Hans-Jørgen Berg data 13.2.2013) |
| Husdal et al. (2017) |
| Husdal (2008) |
Husdal (2019) | |
Husdal (2008) | |
| Kristiansen (1998) |
| Husdal (2011) |
| Tomas Husdal - collection |
| Ellingsen et al. (1995) |
| Kvamsdal (2018) |
| Nilssen (1970) |
| Selbekk et al. (2009) |
| Pršek et al. (2010) |
| Larsen (2015) |
| Juve et al. (1990) +1 other reference |
Oftedal (1943) | |
| Larsen et al. (2017) |
Larsen et al. (2017) | |
| Larsen (2015) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2013) |
| Larsen (2016) |
| Larsen et al. (2010) |
| Larsen. A.O. & Åsheim (2008) |
| P. Andresen collected 2003. |
| Grønli et al. (1984) |
| Grønli et al. (1984) |
| Sæbø (1966) |
Berge (n.d.) +1 other reference | |
| Nordrum (2002) +1 other reference |
Larsen et al. (2010) | |
Larsen et al. (2010) | |
| Collected by Ingulf Burval. |
Larsen et al. (2010) | |
| Engvoldsen et al. (1991) +1 other reference |
| XRD analysis A.O.Larsen sept. 2012 |
| Larsen et al. (2010) +1 other reference |
Berge et al. (2002) +1 other reference | |
Berge et al. (2002) | |
Larsen et al. (2010) | |
Raade et al. (1980) | |
| Nordrum (2010) |
| Selbekk et al. (2006) |
| Kvamsdal et al. (2006) |
| Am Min 90:1227 +1 other reference |
| Kvamsdal (1993) |
| Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference |
| Kvamsdal (2018) |
Pakistan | |
| Herb Obodda |
Poland | |
| DOI: 10.1515/mipo-2016-0002 +1 other reference |
| Ł. Kruszewski PXRD & EPMA data +1 other reference |
| Pieczka A. |
| Pieczka et al. (2015) +2 other references |
| Cegiełka et al. (2018) |
| Matyszczak (2018) |
| Matyszczak (2018) |
Matyszczak (2018) | |
| Szełęg et al. (Karkonosze massif, Lower Silesia, Poland) |
| Matyszczak (2018) |
Szopa et al. (2017) | |
Pieczka A. +1 other reference | |
| Włodek et al. (2015) |
| Pieczka et al. (2023) |
| Pieczka et al. (2015) +2 other references |
| Pierwoła |
| Szopa +4 other references |
Portugal | |
| Samples collected by Luigi Chiappino ... +1 other reference |
| Pedro Alves collection and analytical ... |
| Martins et al. (2011) |
Romania | |
| Ciobanu et al. (2006) |
| Szakáll |
Szakáll et al. (2010) | |
| Pál Molnár (2000) +2 other references |
Szakáll et al. (2010) +1 other reference | |
Hirtopanu et al. (2000) | |
| Hirtopanu et al. (2013) |
| Paulina HIRTOPANU & Gheorghe UDUBASA (2015) |
Russia | |
| ... +1 other reference |
| Kovalev et al. (2024) |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data (2011) |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| A.M. Portnov data |
| Ripp et al. (2019) |
| Makagonov et al. (2023) |
Pekov (1998) | |
Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) | |
Galina Gubko (2009) | |
| King (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| webmineral.ru (2016) |
| Filina et al. (2019) |
Filina et al. (2019) | |
| Kasatkin et al. (2020) |
| Sorokina et al. (2019) |
Pekov (1998) +2 other references | |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| A.V. Kasatkin et al. (2019) |
webmineral.ru (2016) | |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) +2 other references |
Savel'eva V.B. Karmanov N.S. (2008) +1 other reference | |
| Koneva A.A. et al. (2010) |
Mills et al. (2012) | |
| Kaigorodova et al. (2021) +1 other reference |
| Barkov et al. (2016) +1 other reference |
| Korostelev et al. (2016) |
| Burlakov (1995) |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) | |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
geo.web.ru (2018) | |
webmineral.ru (2020) | |
Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) +1 other reference | |
| Sharygin +11 other references |
Prokopyev +4 other references | |
| Kolotilina et al. (2024) |
| Barkov et al. (2018) |
| Sokol et al. (2023) |
| Barkov et al. (2021) +1 other reference |
| Joan Rosell |
| Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data 2020 |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| Sushchenko et al. (2023) |
Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) | |
| Arzamastsev et al. (2008) |
Barkov et al. (2000) +1 other reference | |
PEKOV et al. (2013) | |
Menshikov et al. (2015) | |
| European Journal of Mineralogy 19 (2007) |
Menshikov et al. (2015) | |
Shlyukova Z.V. (1986) | |
| Mikhailova et al. (2015) +1 other reference |
Chakhmouradian et al. (1998) | |
... | |
Mokrushina et al. (2023) | |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) | |
Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) | |
| Kasatkin (2019) |
Zozulya et al. (2022) | |
Kalashnikov et al. (2016) | |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data (2012) |
| Kaulina et al. (2023) |
| Pekov (1998) |
Zaitsev et al. (2004) | |
... | |
Prokopyev +4 other references | |
| Компанченко А.А. +1 other reference |
| Gorelikova et al. (2021) |
| Gorkovetz et al. (2012) |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
Yu.A.Kozhevnikov (2010) | |
Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) | |
| I.V.Pekov. E.A.Vlasov. E.A.Gerasimova Pitkyarantskaya mineralogical practice et al. (in Russisan) |
| Putintseva et al. (2017) |
[World of Stones 12:49] | |
Doroshkevich et al. (2022) | |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
S.M. Kravchenko data +1 other reference | |
Lazareva et al. (2015) | |
| Alekseev et al. (2020) |
| Vital'Evna (2021) |
| D. Krinov data |
| Brusnitsyn A.I. (2000) |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| Kapustin Yu.L. (1989) |
| According reports of Trest Quartz ... |
| Kovalev et al. (2023) |
| Sergeevich et al. (2019) |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| Victor V. Sharygin analytycal data (2012) +1 other reference |
| Dmitry Krinov analytical data |
Fialova et al. (2013) | |
Badanina et al. (2008) | |
Rwanda | |
| Daltry et al. (1998) |
Serbia | |
| Pačevski et al. (2018) |
Slovakia | |
| Uher |
| Ozdín D. |
Pauliš | |
Koděra (1986) | |
Ďuďa R. et al. (Schemnitz) | |
| Pršek et al. (2010) |
Ondrejka et al. (2020) | |
Pršek et al. (2010) | |
Koděra (1986) | |
Ozdín D. (Dissertation thesis) | |
| Koděra (1986) |
Koděra (1986) | |
| Ondrejka et al. (2022) |
| Rojkovičová |
| Farsang et al. (2014) |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra (1986) |
Koděra (1986) | |
| Bálintová T. et al. (Slovakia) |
| Uher P. +1 other reference |
Koděra (1986) | |
| Bakoš F. et al. (Slovenské Rudohorie, veporikum) |
| Ondrejka M. et al. (Western Carpathians, Slovakia) |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Chudík et al. (2009) |
| Števko M. et al. (2012) |
| Uher et al. (2006) |
| Uher et al. (n.d.) |
| Koděra (1986) |
Ondrejka et al. (2023) | |
| Martin Števko-unpublished |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra (1986) |
Martin Števko-unpublished | |
Pauliš P. | |
Bačík et al. (2022) | |
| Kubiš M. et al. (Gemeric unit, Western Carpathians,Slovakia) |
Martin Števko-unpublished | |
| Koděra (1986) |
Koděra (1986) | |
Ferenc Š. et al. (2019) | |
| Uher P. et al. (2018) |
Koděra (1986) | |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Pauliš P. |
| Bacsó |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra |
| Ozdín D. et al. (Slovak Republic) |
| Duda et. all. |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Uher et al. (2015) |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Uher et al. (Považský Inovec) |
Uher P. et al. (Považský Inovec, západné Slovensko) +1 other reference | |
| Pauliš |
| Koděra (1986) |
Somalia | |
| Artini (1915) +1 other reference |
South Africa | |
| Rocks & Minerals 83:5 pp 410-421 |
| Fuchs et al. (2017) |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
| Atanasova et al. (2016) |
Cairncross et al. (1995) | |
| VERWOERD (1993) |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
Cairncross et al. (1995) | |
| M. A. G. Andreoli +4 other references |
South Korea | |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
Spain | |
| Miguel Angel Fernandez Periz (2006) |
Miguel A. Fernandez Périz (2006) | |
| Georges FAVREAU collection + EDX ... |
| Dill et al. (2023) |
Dill et al. (2023) | |
| Dill et al. (2023) |
Dill et al. (2023) | |
Dill et al. (2023) | |
Dill et al. (2023) | |
| Munoz del Castillo +1 other reference |
| Bosch +6 other references |
| Castillo-Oliver et al. (2019) |
| C. Canet et al. |
| Tanago et al. (2012) |
Sri Lanka | |
| Us Dept of Commerce |
Rupasinghe | |
Sweden | |
| Kjellman et al. (1999) |
| Majka et al. (2013) |
Jonsson (2011) | |
Jonsson (2020) | |
| Swedish Nat.Musuem |
| Jonsson (2014) +1 other reference |
| J.Langhof: REE-mineralogy in Mo-granite ... |
| Lorin et al. (2014) |
| Mathias Rhinelander |
| Specimen from Aksel Osterloff |
Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) | |
| Jonsson +3 other references |
| Wilke (1997) |
| Wilke (1997) |
| Gatedal (n.d.) |
| Gatedal (n.d.) |
| Kresten (1990) |
| Kjellman (unpublished) |
| Kjellman (1996) |
Switzerland | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Weibel et al. (1990) +1 other reference |
| Guastoni et al. (2016) |
| Guastoni et al. (2014) +1 other reference |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
Stalder et al. (1998) | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Jahn (2008) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
Stalder et al. (1998) | |
| S Wolfsried collection |
Stalder et al. (1998) | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Brugger et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Taddei (1937) |
| Taddei (1937) |
| Weiβ et al. (2007) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Gianfranco Ciccolini Collection |
| King (n.d.) |
| Cuchet et al. (2022) |
Cuchet et al. (2022) | |
| Cuchet et al. (2022) |
| Wulser PA (2002) |
| Cuchet et al. (2003) +1 other reference |
| Van der Burgt et al. (2015) |
Stalder et al. (1998) | |
van der Burgt et al. (2005) | |
Cuchet et al. (2014) | |
F. de Wit (1996) | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
Kolitsch (1998) | |
Cuchet et al. (2014) | |
Cuchet et al. (2014) | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Ansermet et al. (2012) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Cuchet et al. (2005) |
Cuchet et al. (2014) | |
Cuchet et al. (2014) | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Meisser (2012) |
Meisser (2012) | |
| Meisser (2012) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Cuchet et al. (2022) |
| Soom (1986) +2 other references |
Soom (1986) +1 other reference | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Schad (1989) |
Stalder et al. (1998) | |
| Meisser (2012) |
| PA Wulser - unpublished data |
Tajikistan | |
| Leonid Pautov and Mirak Mirakov ... |
| Litvinenko +8 other references |
Tanzania | |
| Radl et al. (2010) |
Turkey | |
| Mustafa Kumral et al. (2013) |
UK | |
| Golley et al. (1995) |
| Steve Rust collection |
| Collection Richard De Nul |
| Betterton (1996) |
| |
| Golley et al. (1995) |
| Golley et al. (1995) |
| Green et al. (2005) |
| Day (1999) |
| |
Ukraine | |
| Poliakovska et al. (2023) |
| Sharygin et al. (2014) |
Magdalena Dumańska-Słowik et al. (2012) | |
Pekov I.V. et al. (Priazovie) +2 other references | |
| Gurov et al. (2015) |
Lyzhachenko et al. (2019) | |
| Lazarenko E.K. e.a. Mineralogy of ... |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) +1 other reference |
United Arab Emirates | |
| Woolley et al. (1991) |
USA | |
| Encyclopedia of Minerals +5 other references |
Kauffman and Jaffe (1946) +1 other reference | |
Rocks & Min. (2007) +1 other reference | |
| Rocks & Min. (2007) |
| Overstreet (1967) |
| Rocks and Minerals (1999) |
Henry Barwood - unpublished (2010) | |
Howard (1987) +1 other reference | |
Howard (1987) +1 other reference | |
| 07/25. +1 other reference |
| Rocks & Min.: 18:80. +1 other reference |
| Specimen sold by Oxcart Minerals in ... |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 222 +2 other references |
| Charles Stern et al. (2016) |
| Hanley et al. (1950) +1 other reference |
Eckel et al. (1997) | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
Rocks & Min.: 64: 471. | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
U.S. Geological Survey Professional ... +1 other reference | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| USGS Prof Paper 649 +1 other reference |
Eckel et al. (1997) | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
Bob Cobban | |
Ralph Parkes collection | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Rudy Bolona |
| Simmons W B et al. (2006) |
Eckel et al. (1997) | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Ralph Parkes |
AmMin 84:754-763 | |
| Dean Allum |
| Rudy Bologna |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Van Kin |
| King (n.d.) +1 other reference |
Betts (1999) | |
Anthony Albini collection. +1 other reference | |
| Nitze |
| Bud Poulin collection |
| Nitze |
| Fred Davis specimen |
Fred Davis photo | |
Field collected by Harold Moritz | |
| Fred E. Davis specimens |
Rocks & Min.: 70:403 +1 other reference | |
| Rocks & Min.: 16: 164-167. +5 other references |
Fred E Davis - collection | |
| Schooner (circa 1985) |
Foye (1922) +1 other reference | |
| Shepard (1837) +1 other reference |
| Nitze |
| Slack (2007) |
Slack (2007) | |
| Roda-Robles et al. (2024) |
| King et al. (1994) |
King et al. (1994) | |
| Morrill |
Nitze | |
| Myles M. Felch et al. (2016) |
Found in 2018 ongoing study of Ryerson ... +1 other reference | |
| Eyan Fennelly Collection |
| E. L. Clopton collection |
| King et al. (1994) |
Thompson et al. (1998) | |
Don Swenson collection | |
King et al. (1994) | |
Thompson et al. (1998) | |
| Nitze |
| Peter Cristofono collection |
| S. Pavadore collection |
Nitze | |
| Buchholz et al. (2014) |
| Heinrich et al. (2004) |
| Travis Olds collection |
Heinrich et al. (2004) | |
| Heinrich et al. (2004) |
| Heinrich et al. (2004) |
| Heinrich et al. (2004) |
| Heinrich et al. (2004) |
Monazite- (Ce) | |
Rebecca A. Simmons (2009) | |
Buchholz et al. (2013) | |
Yalmer F Primeau collection | |
| American Mineralogist (1961) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Jensen et al. (1995) |
Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Holmwood (2023) |
| Rocks & Min. 65:292 (1990) |
| Caruso +1 other reference |
| Smith (2005) |
Herndon (2018) | |
Nitze | |
| Sharon Cisneros |
| Rocks & Min 65:295 (1990) |
| DoI Bur. of Mines ROI #6885 et al. (1967) |
| USGS Min. Industry of NJ (1994) |
| USGS The Mineral Industry of New Jersey (1994) |
| King |
John Cianciulli | |
| USGS Open-File Report 02-189 +1 other reference |
| Michael N. Spilde et al. (2011) +1 other reference |
| Michael N. Spilde et al. (2011) |
| Michael N. Spilde et al. (2011) |
| Michael N. Spilde et al. (2011) |
| King (n.d.) |
| Rocks & Min. (2007) |
| Marian Lupulescu (2008) |
| Hidden (1888) |
| Frank Mazdab analyses on specimen field ... |
| Marian Lupulescu (2010) |
Marian Lupulescu (2010) | |
| Robinson et al. (2007) +2 other references |
| Steven C. Chamberlain and David G. Bailey (2012) |
| Marian Lupulescu et al. (2010) |
| Nitze |
| Genth et al. (1881) |
USGS | |
Mineralogical Record 32 (2) | |
Charles Palache | |
Mineralogical Record 32 (2) +1 other reference | |
| Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference |
| |
| King (n.d.) |
| Nitze |
Nitze | |
| Nitze |
| Nitze |
Nitze | |
| Nitze |
| Nitze |
| Nitze |
Nitze | |
| Mineralogical Record |
| Jason B. Smith visual identification |
| Bernard et al. (2004) |
| Bernard et al. (2004) |
| Nitze |
| Nitze |
| Nitze |
| Rocks & Min.:11:77 +1 other reference |
| Wilson et al. (1978) |
| Am Min 67:356-359 |
| Nitze |
David W.Mohr | |
| Kenny Gay |
| Pratt |
| C.W. Allen collection |
| Rocks & Min.: 18:47. |
| Rocks & Min.: 17: 131. |
| U.S. Geological Survey/ U.s. Department ... |
| Robert C. Smit |
| Rocks & Minerals 61:281-284 |
| |
| Miller (1971) |
| Nitze |
| AmMin 12:427-436 |
| Miller (1971) |
Miller (1971) | |
Miller (1971) | |
| King (n.d.) |
| Rocks & Minerals: 67 (6) +1 other reference |
| F Roberts |
| Bernard et al. (2004) |
| Catlos et al. (2016) |
| Micro Probe Volume VI Number 8 +1 other reference |
| Hanson et al. (1999) |
Thomas Buchholz | |
Buchholz et al. (2002) | |
Hanson et al. (1999) | |
Turner | |
Buchholz et al. (2017) | |
| Bucholz |
| Rocks & Minerals 82:409-410 |
Buchholz et al. (2006) | |
| ... |
Vietnam | |
| Li et al. (2018) |
Zambia | |
| Zambezi et al. (1997) |
Zimbabwe | |
| Woolley (2001) |
Woolley (2001) | |
The Moon | |
| Kartashov P.M. et al. (2006) |
| Kartashov P.M. et al. (2006) |
| Mokhov A.V. et al. (2018) |
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Siglo Veinte Mine, Llallagua, Rafael Bustillo Province, Potosí, Bolivia