Monetite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Monetite
Formula:
Ca(PO3OH)
Colour:
White, yellow or colorless; colorless in transmitted light.
Lustre:
Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Waxy
Hardness:
3½
Specific Gravity:
2.929
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Name:
Named by Charles Upham Shepard in 1882 for the type locality of Moneto Island, near Puerto Rico, Caribbean, one of the two islands where it was initially found. The locality name is sometimes given as Moneta Island or currently Monito Island.
This page provides mineralogical data about Monetite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
2755
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2755:3
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
6340b292-f0a4-492f-8ec5-54207e194028
IMA Classification of Monetite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
Classification of Monetite
8.AD.10
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
A : Phosphates, etc. without additional anions, without H2O
D : With only large cations
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
A : Phosphates, etc. without additional anions, without H2O
D : With only large cations
Dana 7th ed.:
37.1.1.1
37.1.1.1
37 : ANHYDROUS ACID PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES AND VANADATES
1 : Miscellaneous
37 : ANHYDROUS ACID PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES AND VANADATES
1 : Miscellaneous
19.4.1
19 : Phosphates
4 : Phosphates of Ca
19 : Phosphates
4 : Phosphates of Ca
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMAâCNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Mnti | IMAâCNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMAâCNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Monetite
Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Waxy
Transparency:
Translucent
Comment:
Formerly given inaccurately as vitreous
Colour:
White, yellow or colorless; colorless in transmitted light.
Streak:
Colorless to white
Hardness:
3½ on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Imperfect/Fair
On three unspecified planes.
On three unspecified planes.
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
2.929 g/cm3 (Measured) 2.924 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Comment:
Measured value on artificial material.
Optical Data of Monetite
Type:
Biaxial (+/-)
RI values:
nα = 1.587 - 1.600 nβ = 1.615 nγ = 1.631 - 1.640
2V:
Measured: 70° , Calculated: 74°
Birefringence:
0.043
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.044
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
r > v strong
Optical Extinction:
Inclined
Chemistry of Monetite
Mindat Formula:
Ca(PO3OH)
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Monetite
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Class (H-M):
1 - Pinacoidal
Cell Parameters:
a = 6.91 Å, b = 6.627 Å, c = 6.998 Å
α = 96.34°, β = 103.82°, γ = 88.33°
α = 96.34°, β = 103.82°, γ = 88.33°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.043 : 1 : 1.056
Unit Cell V:
309.28 Ă
Âł (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Minute crystals forming massive aggregates; crusts, stalactites with rough crystalline surfaces. Crystals have rough surfaces and are frequently configured in interpenetrating groups; commonly flattened {010} with a rhombohedral outline.
Comment:
AC(B) 33:1223 (1977), also JCPDS 9-80 (synthetic)
Crystal Structure
Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
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CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0009584 | Monetite | Catti M, Ferraris G, Filhol A (1977) Hydrogen bonding in the crystalline state. CaHPO4 (monetite), P-1 or P1? A novel neutron diffraction study Acta Crystallographica B33 1223-1229 | 1977 | Synthetic | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Image Loading
Radiation - Copper Kα
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
3.37 Ă | (70) |
3.35 Ă | (80) |
3.13 Ă | (20) |
2.96 Ă | (100) |
2.94 Ă | (40) |
2.75 Ă | (20) |
2.72 Ă | (40) |
1.850 Ă | (20) |
Comments:
JCPDS 9-80 (synthetic)
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
47c : [Carbonates, phosphates, borates, nitrates] | |
Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere | <0.6 |
49 : Oxic cellular biomineralization (see also #44) | <0.54 |
52 : Guano- and urine-derived minerals | <0.4 |
Type Occurrence of Monetite
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Formed by the interaction of bird guano in a limestone cave.
Synonyms of Monetite
Glaubapatite (in part)
Other Language Names for Monetite
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
1 photo of Monetite associated with Newberyite | Mg(PO3OH) · 3H2O |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
8.AD. | Keplerite | Ca9(Ca0.5â»0.5)Mg(PO4)7 |
8.AD. | Deynekoite | Ca9â»Fe3+(PO4)7 |
8.AD. | Mazorite | Ba3(PO4)2 |
8.AD. | Monazite-(Gd) | Gd(PO4) |
8.AD.05 | Nahpoite | Na2(PO3OH) |
8.AD.10 | Weilite | Ca(HAsO4) |
8.AD.10 | Ć venekite | Ca(H2AsO4)2 |
8.AD.15 | Archerite | (K,NH4)(H2PO4) |
8.AD.15 | Biphosphammite | NH4(H2PO4) |
8.AD.20 | Phosphammite | (NH4)2(PO3OH) |
8.AD.25 | Buchwaldite | NaCa(PO4) |
8.AD.30 | Schultenite | Pb(HAsO4) |
8.AD.35 | Chernovite-(Y) | Y(AsO4) |
8.AD.35 | Dreyerite | Bi(VO4) |
8.AD.35 | Wakefieldite-(Ce) | Ce(VO4) |
8.AD.35 | Wakefieldite-(Y) | Y(VO4) |
8.AD.35 | Xenotime-(Y) | Y(PO4) |
8.AD.35 | Chernovite-(Ce) | (Ce,Y)(AsO4) |
8.AD.35 | Pretulite | Sc(PO4) |
8.AD.35 | Xenotime-(Yb) | Yb(PO4) |
8.AD.35 | Wakefieldite-(La) | La(VO4) |
8.AD.35 | Wakefieldite-(Nd) | Nd(VO4) |
8.AD.35 | Xenotime-(Gd) | Gd(PO4) |
8.AD.40 | Pucherite | Bi(VO4) |
8.AD.45 | Ximengite | Bi(PO4) |
8.AD.50 | Gasparite-(Ce) | Ce(AsO4) |
8.AD.50 | Monazite-(Ce) | Ce(PO4) |
8.AD.50 | Monazite-(La) | La(PO4) |
8.AD.50 | Monazite-(Nd) | Nd(PO4) |
8.AD.50 | Rooseveltite | Bi(AsO4) |
8.AD.50 | Cheralite | CaTh(PO4)2 |
8.AD.50 | Monazite-(Sm) | Sm(PO4) |
8.AD.50 | UM2005-35-VO:CaFePSiTh | (Th,Ca)(VO4,SiO4,PO4) |
8.AD.50 | Gasparite-(La) | La(AsO4) |
8.AD.55 | Tetrarooseveltite | Bi(AsO4) |
8.AD.60 | Chursinite | [Hg2]2+Hg2+2[AsO4]2 |
8.AD.65 | Clinobisvanite | Bi(VO4) |
8.AD.70 | Gurimite | Ba3(VO4)2 |
8.AD.75 | Picaite | NaCa[AsO3OH][AsO2(OH)2] |
Fluorescence of Monetite
Not fluorescent
Other Information
Notes:
Powdered material takes up water from the atmosphere and forms Brushite.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Monetite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-2755.html
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References for Monetite
Localities for Monetite
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
â - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina | |
| Benedetto et al. (1998) |
Australia | |
| Caves: processes +1 other reference |
Bahamas | |
| Onac B.P. et al. (2009) |
Brazil | |
| PilĂł et al. (2023) |
Chile | |
| XRD by Gerhard Möhn and Joy Desor |
China | |
| Xiyue Wang et al. (1987) |
Greece | |
| Skarpelis et al. (2009) |
Hungary | |
| |
Kazakhstan | |
| Sharygin (2022) |
Kiribati | |
Gaines et al. (1997) | |
Gaines et al. (1997) | |
Malaysia | |
| Bridge et al. (1983) |
Namibia | |
| von Bezing (2007) |
U. Kolitsch (single-crystal X-ray diffraction) | |
Netherlands | |
| Stienstra (1985) |
Romania | |
| Dumitras D et al. (2004) |
| Onac et al. (2002) |
| Marincea et al. (2004) +1 other reference |
| Onac et al. (2003) |
Russia | |
| Sokol et al. (2022) |
Saint HelenaïŒ Ascension and Tristan da Cunha | |
American Mineralogist 28:215-232 | |
South Korea | |
| Jun +4 other references |
Spain | |
| Muñoz-GarcĂa |
USA | |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 314. +4 other references |
| Bortolozzi (n.d.) |
| American Mineralogist 28:215-232 +3 other references |
Palache et al. (1951) | |
Venezuela | |
| American Mineralogist 28:215-232 +1 other reference |
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Mono Lake, Mono County, California, USA