Kingstonite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Kingstonite
Formula:
(Rh,Ir,Pt)3S4
Colour:
Black
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
6
Specific Gravity:
7.52 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
For Gordon Kingston (formerly of Cardiff University, Wales, UK) in recognition of his contributions to platinum group element mineralogy and the geology of their mineral deposits.
The S analogue of zaykovite. Possibly the Rh analogue of UM1980-11-S:CuIrPtRh and UM2004-38-S:CoCuFeNiPtRh.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
27678
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:27678:8
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
02564095-e026-4866-8b66-fa4e1f984632
IMA Classification of Kingstonite
Approved
IMA Formula:
Rh3S4
Approval year:
1993
First published:
2005
Classification of Kingstonite
2.DA.25
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
D : Metal Sulfides, M: S = 3 :4 and 2:3
A : M:S = 3:4
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
D : Metal Sulfides, M: S = 3 :4 and 2:3
A : M:S = 3:4
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Kgs | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Kingstonite
Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Black
Streak:
Black
Hardness:
6 on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN25=871 - 920 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
good parallel to [001]
good parallel to [001]
Fracture:
Sub-Conchoidal
Density:
7.52 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Kingstonite
Anisotropism:
weak to moderate in dull greys and browns
Bireflectance:
weak
Reflectivity:
| Wavelength | R1 | R2 | imR1 | imR2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 400nm | 46.7% | 47.6% | 32.7% | 33.8% |
| 440nm | 46.9% | 48.3% | 32.9% | 34.3% |
| 480nm | 47.4% | 49.2% | 33.3% | 34.9% |
| 520nm | 48.0% | 49.9% | 33.9% | 35.7% |
| 560nm | 48.7% | 50.5% | 34.5% | 36.3% |
| 600nm | 49.3% | 50.8% | 35.2% | 36.6% |
| 640nm | 49.7% | 50.9% | 35.6% | 36.7% |
| 680nm | 49.9% | 51.0% | 35.7% | 36.6% |
| 700nm | 50.0% | 51.0% | 35.7% | 36.6% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 51.0%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red, imR1 shown in green, imR2 shown in blue
Colour in reflected light:
pale slightly brownish grey
Internal Reflections:
none
Pleochroism:
Weak
Chemistry of Kingstonite
Mindat Formula:
(Rh,Ir,Pt)3S4
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Kingstonite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
B2/m
Setting:
C2/m
Cell Parameters:
a = 10.4616 Å, b = 10.7527 Å, c = 6.2648 Å
β = 109°
β = 109°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.973 : 1 : 0.583
Unit Cell V:
666.34 ų
Z:
6
Crystal Structure
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Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0014575 | Kingstonite | Stanley C J, Criddle A J, Spratt J, Roberts A C, Szymanski J T, Welch M D (2005) Kingstonite, (Rh,Ir,Pt)3S4, a new mineral species from Yubdo, Ethiopia Mineralogical Magazine 69 447-453 |  | 2005 | Bir Bir River, Yubdo District, Wallaga Province, Ethiopia | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.156 Å | (100) |
| 3.081 Å | (100) |
| 2.957 Å | (90) |
| 2.234 Å | (60) |
| 1.941 Å | (50) |
| 1.871 Å | (80) |
| 1.791 Å | (90) |
Comments:
Format: d/Å (I) (hkl)
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 3b: Earth’s earliest hydrosphere | >4.45 |
| 12 : Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits (see also #33) | |
| High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12]) | |
| Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
| 37 : Layered igneous intrusions and related PGE minerals |
Type Occurrence of Kingstonite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Subhedral, tabular elongate to anhedral inclusions (15-40 µm) in a Pt-Fe nugget.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Natural History Museum, London, England (BM 2004, 56).
Systematic Reference Series, National Mineral Collection, Geological Survey of Canada, Ottawa, Canada.
Systematic Reference Series, National Mineral Collection, Geological Survey of Canada, Ottawa, Canada.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Placers derived from ultramafic rocks
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Stanley, C.J., Criddle, A.J., Spratt, J., Roberts, A.C., Szymanski, J.T., Welch, M.D. (2005) Kingstonite, (Rh,Ir,Pt)3S4, a new mineral species from Yubdo, Ethiopia. Mineralogical Magazine: 69(4): 447-453.
Synonyms of Kingstonite
Other Language Names for Kingstonite
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 1 photo of Kingstonite associated with Cuprorhodsite | (Cu1+0.5Fe3+0.5)Rh3+2S4 |
| 1 photo of Kingstonite associated with Isoferroplatinum | Pt3Fe |
| 1 photo of Kingstonite associated with Laurite | RuS2 |
| 1 photo of Kingstonite associated with Osmium | (Os,Ir,Ru) |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 2.DA. | Zaykovite | Rh3Se4 |
| 2.DA. | Grimmite | NiCo2S4 |
| 2.DA. | Zolenskyite | FeCr2S4 |
| 2.DA. | Ezochiite | Cu+(Rh3+Pt4+)S4 |
| 2.DA. | Ferrodimolybdenite | FeMo2S4 |
| 2.DA.05 | Bornhardtite | Co2+Co3+2Se4 |
| 2.DA.05 | Carrollite | CuCo2S4 |
| 2.DA.05 | Cuproiridsite | (Cu,Fe)Ir2S4 |
| 2.DA.05 | Cuprorhodsite | (Cu1+0.5Fe3+0.5)Rh3+2S4 |
| 2.DA.05 | Daubréelite | Fe2+Cr3+2S4 |
| 2.DA.05 | Fletcherite | CuNi2S4 |
| 2.DA.05 | Florensovite | (Cu,Zn)Cr1.5Sb0.5S4 |
| 2.DA.05 | Greigite | Fe2+Fe3+2S4 |
| 2.DA.05 | Indite | FeIn2S4 |
| 2.DA.05 | Kalininite | ZnCr2S4 |
| 2.DA.05 | Linnaeite | Co2+Co3+2S4 |
| 2.DA.05 | Malanite | Cu1+(Ir3+Pt4+)S4 |
| 2.DA.05 | Polydymite | Ni2+Ni3+2S4 |
| 2.DA.05 | Siegenite | CoNi2S4 |
| 2.DA.05 | Trüstedtite | Ni3Se4 |
| 2.DA.05 | Tyrrellite | Cu(Co3+,Ni3+)2Se4 |
| 2.DA.05 | Violarite | Fe2+Ni3+2S4 |
| 2.DA.05 | Xingzhongite | Pb2+Ir3+2S4 |
| 2.DA.05 | Cadmoindite | CdIn2S4 |
| 2.DA.05 | Cuprokalininite | CuCr2S4 |
| 2.DA.05 | Joegoldsteinite | MnCr2S4 |
| 2.DA.05 | Nickeltyrrellite | CuNi2Se4 |
| 2.DA.10 | Rhodostannite | Cu1+(Fe2+0.5Sn4+1.5)S4 |
| 2.DA.10 | Toyohaite | Ag1+(Fe2+0.5Sn4+1.5)S4 |
| 2.DA.15 | Brezinaite | Cr3S4 |
| 2.DA.15 | Heideite | (Fe,Cr)1.15(Ti,Fe)2S4 |
| 2.DA.20 | Inaglyite | Cu3Pb(Ir,Pt)8S16 |
| 2.DA.20 | Konderite | Cu3Pb(Rh,Pt,Ir)8S16 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Kingstonite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-27678.html
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References for Kingstonite
Reference List:
Stanley, C. J., Criddle, A. J., Spratt, J., Roberts, A. C., Szymański, J. T., Welch, M. D. (2005) Kingstonite, (Rh,Ir,Pt)3S4, a new mineral species from Yubdo, Ethiopia. Mineralogical Magazine, 69 (4) 447-453 doi:10.1180/0026461056940262
Localities for Kingstonite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Albania | |
| Zaccarini F et al. (PGE) +1 other reference |
Ethiopia (TL) | |
| Stanley et al. (2005) |
France | |
| Ducluzaux B. (2022) |
Japan | |
| NISHIO–HAMANE et al. (2019) |
Russia | |
| Zhmodik et al. (2016) |
| Zhmodik et al. (2016) | |
| Airiyants et al. (2014) |
Quick NavTopAbout KingstoniteUnique IdentifiersIMA Classification Classification Mineral SymbolsPhysical Properties Optical Data Chemistry Crystallography Crystal StructureX-Ray Powder DiffractionGeological EnvironmentType Occurrence SynonymsOther LanguagesCommon AssociatesStrunz-MindatOther InformationInternet Links References Localities Locality List
Bir Bir River, Yubdo District, Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia