Murmanite
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About Murmanite
Formula:
Na2Ti2(Si2O7)O2 · 2H2O
Often contains minor Nb and Mn.
Colour:
Lilac to pink, alters to silvery white-yellow, brown to black.
Lustre:
Greasy, Pearly
Hardness:
2½ - 3
Specific Gravity:
2.76 - 2.84
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named by N. Gutkova in 1930 for the Murman coast on the northern side of the Kola Peninsula, Russia.
This page provides mineralogical data about Murmanite.
Classification of Murmanite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
First Published:
1930
8/E.15-10
9.BE.27
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
B : Sorosilicates
E : Si2O7 groups, with additional anions; cations in octahedral [6] and greater coordination
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
B : Sorosilicates
E : Si2O7 groups, with additional anions; cations in octahedral [6] and greater coordination
56.2.7.2
56 : SOROSILICATES Si2O7 Groups, With Additional O, OH, F and H2O
2 : Si2O7 Groups and O, OH, F, and H2O with cations in [4] and/or >[4] coordination
56 : SOROSILICATES Si2O7 Groups, With Additional O, OH, F and H2O
2 : Si2O7 Groups and O, OH, F, and H2O with cations in [4] and/or >[4] coordination
17.8.2
17 : Silicates Containing other Anions
8 : Silicates with niobate or tantalate
17 : Silicates Containing other Anions
8 : Silicates with niobate or tantalate
Physical Properties of Murmanite
Greasy, Pearly
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Lilac to pink, alters to silvery white-yellow, brown to black.
Streak:
Pink to red or brown
Hardness:
2½ - 3 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
{001}
{001}
Density:
2.76 - 2.84 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.00 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Murmanite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.682 - 1.735 nβ = 1.765 - 1.770 nγ = 1.807 - 1.839
2V:
Measured: 57° to 64°, Calculated: 66° to 74°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.125
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
High
Dispersion:
r > v weak
Comments:
X = light pink; Y = light brown; Z = pinkish brown to dark brown.
Orientation X normal to (100).
Orientation X normal to (100).
Chemical Properties of Murmanite
Formula:
Na2Ti2(Si2O7)O2 · 2H2O
Often contains minor Nb and Mn.
Often contains minor Nb and Mn.
IMA Formula:
Na2Ti2Na2Ti2(Si2O7)2O4(H2O)4
Common Impurities:
Zr,Fe,Ta,Mn,Mg,Ca,K,P
Crystallography of Murmanite
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Cell Parameters:
a = 10.53 Å, b = 13.88 Å, c = 11.68 Å
α = 94.31°, β = 98.62°, γ = 89.81°
α = 94.31°, β = 98.62°, γ = 89.81°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.759 : 1 : 0.841
Unit Cell V:
1,683.00 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 11.56 | (90) |
| 5.810 | (90) |
| 4.220 | (100) |
| 3.762 | (60) |
| 2.867 | (100) |
| 2.640 | (40) |
| 2.485 | (40) |
Occurrences of Murmanite
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Type Occurrence of Murmanite
Co-Type Localities:
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
A.E. Fersman Mineralogical Museum, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 25852-25854, 25862, 25863.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Alkaline complex
Reference:
Gutkova, N. (1930) Sur un nouveau titano-silicate - la mourmanite de Lujawrurt. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, seriya A: 27: 731-736.
Synonyms of Murmanite
Other Language Names for Murmanite
Relationship of Murmanite to other Species
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| Aegirine | 9 photos of Murmanite associated with Aegirine on mindat.org. |
| Ussingite | 4 photos of Murmanite associated with Ussingite on mindat.org. |
| Lorenzenite | 3 photos of Murmanite associated with Lorenzenite on mindat.org. |
| Sodalite | 2 photos of Murmanite associated with Sodalite on mindat.org. |
| Opal | 2 photos of Murmanite associated with Opal on mindat.org. |
| Eudialyte | 1 photo of Murmanite associated with Eudialyte on mindat.org. |
| Zorite | 1 photo of Murmanite associated with Zorite on mindat.org. |
| Manganoneptunite | 1 photo of Murmanite associated with Manganoneptunite on mindat.org. |
| Lamprophyllite | 1 photo of Murmanite associated with Lamprophyllite on mindat.org. |
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping
| 9.BE.02 | Wadsleyite | (Mg,Fe2+)2(SiO4) | Orth. |
| 9.BE.05 | Hennomartinite | SrMn3+2(Si2O7)(OH)2 · H2O | Orth. |
| 9.BE.05 | Lawsonite | CaAl2(Si2O7)(OH)2 · H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmcm |
| 9.BE.05 | Noelbensonite | BaMn3+2(Si2O7)(OH)2 · H2O | Orth. |
| 9.BE.05 | Itoigawaite | SrAl2(Si2O7)(OH)2 · H2O | Orth. |
| 9.BE.07 | Ilvaite | CaFe3+Fe2+2(Si2O7)O(OH) | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
| 9.BE.07 | Manganilvaite | CaFe2+Fe3+Mn2+(Si2O7)O(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| 9.BE.10 | Suolunite | Ca2(H2Si2O7) · H2O | Orth. |
| 9.BE.12 | Jaffeite | Ca6(Si2O7)(OH)6 | Trig. 3 : P3 |
| 9.BE.15 | Fresnoite | Ba2Ti(Si2O7)O | Tet. |
| 9.BE.17 | Baghdadite | Ca3(Zr,Ti)(Si2O7)O2 | Mon. |
| 9.BE.17 | Burpalite | Na2CaZr(Si2O7)F2 | Mon. |
| 9.BE.17 | Cuspidine | Ca4(Si2O7)(F,OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| 9.BE.17 | Hiortdahlite | (Na,Ca)2Ca4Zr(Mn,Ti,Fe)(Si2O7)2(F,O)4 | Tric. |
| 9.BE.17 | Janhaugite | (Na,Ca)3(Mn2+,Fe2+)3(Ti,Zr,Nb)2(Si2O7)2O2(OH,F)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
| 9.BE.17 | Låvenite | (Na,Ca)2(Mn2+,Fe2+)(Zr,Ti)(Si2O7)(O,OH,F)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| 9.BE.17 | Niocalite | (Ca,Nb)4(Si2O7)(O,OH,F)2 | Mon. |
| 9.BE.17 | Normandite | NaCa(Mn,Fe)(Ti,Nb,Zr)(Si2O7)OF | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| 9.BE.17 | Wöhlerite | NaCa2(Zr,Nb)(Si2O7)(O,OH,F)2 | Mon. 2 : P21 |
| 9.BE.17 | Hiortdahlite I | Na4Ca8Zr2(Nb,Mn,Ti,Fe,Mg,Al)2(Si2O7)4O3F5 | |
| 9.BE.17 | Marianoite | Na2Ca4(Nb,Zr)2(Si2O7)2(O,F)4 | Mon. 2 : P21 |
| 9.BE.20 | Mosandrite-(Ce) | (Ca3REE)[(H2O)2Ca0.5☐0.5]Ti(Si2O7)2(OH)2(H2O)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| 9.BE.20 | Nacareniobsite-(Ce) | NbNa3Ca3(Ce,REE )(Si2O7)2OF3 | Mon. |
| 9.BE.22 | Götzenite | NaCa6Ti(Si2O7)2OF3 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| 9.BE.22 | Hainite-(Y) | Na2Ca4(Y,REE)Ti(Si2O7)2OF3 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| 9.BE.22 | Rosenbuschite | Na6Ca6Zr3Ti(Si2O7)4O2F6 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| 9.BE.22 | Kochite | Na3Ca2MnZrTi(Si2O7)2OF3 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| 9.BE.23 | Dovyrenite | Ca6Zr(Si2O7)2(OH)4 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnnm |
| 9.BE.25 | Barytolamprophyllite | (Ba,Na)2(Na,Ti,Fe3+)4Ti2(Si2O7)2O(OH,F) | Mon. |
| 9.BE.25 | Ericssonite | BaMn2+2Fe3+(Si2O7)O(OH) | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 9.BE.25 | Lamprophyllite | (Na,Mn2+)3(Sr,Na)2(Ti,Fe3+)3(Si2O7)2O2(OH,O,F)2 | Mon. |
| 9.BE.25 | Ericssonite-2O | BaMn2+2Fe3+(Si2O7)O(OH) | Orth. |
| 9.BE.25 | Seidozerite | Na4MnZr2Ti(Si2O7)2O2F2 | Mon. |
| 9.BE.25 | Nabalamprophyllite | Na3(Ba,Na)2Ti3(Si2O7)2O2(OH,F)2 | Mon. 2/m |
| 9.BE.25 | Grenmarite | Na4MnZr3(Si2O7)2O2F2 | Mon. 2/m : P2/b |
| 9.BE.25 | Schüllerite | Ba2Na(Mn,Ca)(Fe3+,Mg,Fe2+)2Ti2(Si2O7)2(O,F)4 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| 9.BE.25 | Lileyite | Ba2(Na,Fe,Ca)3MgTi2(Si2O7)2O2F2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 9.BE.30 | Epistolite | Na2(Nb,Ti)2(Si2O7)O2 · nH2O | Tric. |
| 9.BE.32 | Lomonosovite | Na5Ti2(Si2O7)(PO4)O2 | Tric. |
| 9.BE.35 | Vuonnemite | Na11Ti4+Nb2(Si2O7)2(PO4)2O3(F,OH) | Tric. |
| 9.BE.37 | Sobolevite | Na13Ca2Mn2Ti3(Si2O7)2(PO4)4O3F3 | Mon. m : Pb |
| 9.BE.40 | Innelite | Na2CaBa4Ti3(Si2O7)2(SO4)2O4 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| 9.BE.40 | Phosphoinnelite | Na3Ba4Ti3(Si2O7)2(PO4,SO4)2O2F | Tric. |
| 9.BE.42 | Yoshimuraite | Ba2Mn2Ti(Si2O7)(PO4)O(OH) | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| 9.BE.45 | Quadruphite | Na14Ca2Ti4(Si2O7)2(PO4)2O2F | Tric. |
| 9.BE.47 | Polyphite | Na5(Na4Ca2)Ti2(Si2O7)(PO4)3O2F2 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| 9.BE.50 | Bornemanite | Na6BaTi2Nb(Si2O7)2(PO4)O2(OH)F | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| 9.BE.50 | Shkatulkalite | Na5(Nb1−xTix)2(Ti1−yMn2+y)[Si2O7]2O2(OH)2·nH2O (x + y = 0.5; n ≤ 10) | Mon. |
| 9.BE.55 | Bafertisite | Ba2Fe2+4Ti2(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2F2 | Tric. |
| 9.BE.55 | Hejtmanite | Ba2(Mn2+,Fe2+)4Ti2(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2F2 | Tric. 1 |
| 9.BE.55 | Bykovaite | (Ba,Na,K)2(Na,Ti,Mn)4(Ti,Nb)2(Si2O7)2O2(H2O,F,OH)2 · 3.5H2O | Mon. 2/m |
| 9.BE.55 | Nechelyustovite | (Ba,Sr,K)2(Na,Ti,Mn)4(Ti,Nb)2(Si2O7)2O2(O,H2O,F)2 · 4.5H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 9.BE.60 | Delindeite | (Na,K)2(Ba,Ca)2(Ti,Fe,Al)3(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2 · 2H2O | Mon. |
| 9.BE.65 | Bussenite | Na2Ba2Fe2+Ti(Si2O7)(CO3)(OH)3F | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| 9.BE.67 | Jinshajiangite | BaNaFe2+4Ti2(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2F | Mon. 2/m |
| 9.BE.67 | Perraultite | BaNaMn2+4Ti2(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2F | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 9.BE.67 | Surkhobite | NaCaBa2Mn8Ti4(Si2O7)4O5F5 | |
| 9.BE.70 | Karnasurtite-(Ce) | (Ce,La,Th)(Ti,Nb)(Al,Fe)(Si2O7)(OH)4 · 3H2O | |
| 9.BE.70 | Perrierite-(Ce) | Ce4MgFe3+2Ti2(Si2O7)2O8 | |
| 9.BE.70 | Strontiochevkinite | (Sr,La,Ce,Ca)4Fe2+(Ti,Zr)2Ti2(Si2O7)2O8 | Mon. |
| 9.BE.70 | Chevkinite-(Ce) | (Ce,La,Ca,Th)4(Fe2+,Mg)(Fe2+,Ti,Fe3+)2(Ti,Fe3+)2(Si2O7)2O8 | Mon. |
| 9.BE.70 | Polyakovite-(Ce) | (Ce,Ca)4(Mg,Fe2+)(Cr3+,Fe3+)2(Ti,Nb)2(Si2O7)2O8 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 9.BE.70 | Rengeite | Sr4ZrTi4(Si2O7)2O8 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| 9.BE.70 | Matsubaraite | Sr4Ti5(Si2O7)2O8 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| 9.BE.70 | Dingdaohengite-(Ce) | (Ce,La)4Fe2+(Ti,Fe2+,Mg,Fe2+)2Ti2(Si2O7)2O8 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| 9.BE.70 | Maoniupingite-(Ce) | (Ce,Ca)4(Fe3+,Ti,Fe2+,◻)(Ti,Fe3+,Fe2+,Nb)4(Si2O7)2O8 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 9.BE.70 | Perrierite-(La) | (La,Ce,Ca)4(Fe,Mn2+,Mg)Fe3+2(Ti,Fe3+)2(Si2O7)2O8 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| 9.BE.70 | UKI-2008-(SiO:SrTiZr) | Sr4ZrTi4(Si2O7)2O8 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbca |
| 9.BE.70 | Hezuolinite | (Sr,REE)4Zr(Ti,Fe3+)4(Si2O7)2O8 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 9.BE.72 | Fersmanite | Ca4(Na,Ca)4(Ti,Nb)4(Si2O7)2O8F3 | Tric. |
| 9.BE.75 | Belkovite | Ba3(Nb,Ti)6(Si2O7)2O12 | Hex. |
| 9.BE.77 | Nasonite | Pb6Ca4(Si2O7)3Cl2 | Hex. |
| 9.BE.80 | Kentrolite | Pb2Mn3+2(Si2O7)O2 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcm |
| 9.BE.80 | Melanotekite | Pb2Fe3+2(Si2O7)O2 | Orth. |
| 9.BE.82 | Tilleyite | Ca5(Si2O7)(CO3)2 | Mon. |
| 9.BE.85 | Killalaite | Ca6.4(H0.6Si2O7)2(OH)2 | Mon. |
| 9.BE.87 | Stavelotite-(La) | (La,Nd,Ca)3Mn2+3Cu(Mn3+,Fe3+,Mn4+)26(Si2O7)6O30 | Trig. 3 : P31 |
| 9.BE.90 | Biraite-(Ce) | Ce2Fe2+(Si2O7)(CO3) | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| 9.BE.92 | Cervandonite-(Ce) | (Ce,Nd,La)(Fe3+,Fe2+,Ti,Al)3O2(Si2O7)(As3+O3)(OH) | Trig. 3m : R3m |
| 9.BE.95 | Batisivite | BaV3+8Ti6(Si2O7)O22 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
Related Minerals - Dana Grouping (8th Ed.)
| 56.2.7.1 | Epistolite | Na2(Nb,Ti)2(Si2O7)O2 · nH2O | Tric. |
| 56.2.7.2 | Ferriallanite-(La) | {CaLa}{Fe3+AlFe2+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
Related Minerals - Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals Grouping
| 17.8.1 | Epistolite | Na2(Nb,Ti)2(Si2O7)O2 · nH2O | Tric. |
| 17.8.3 | Perraultite | BaNaMn2+4Ti2(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2F | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 17.8.4 | Niocalite | (Ca,Nb)4(Si2O7)(O,OH,F)2 | Mon. |
| 17.8.5 | Mongolite | Ca4Nb6Si5O24(OH)10 · nH2O | Tet. |
| 17.8.6 | Fersmanite | Ca4(Na,Ca)4(Ti,Nb)4(Si2O7)2O8F3 | Tric. |
| 17.8.7 | Nacareniobsite-(Ce) | NbNa3Ca3(Ce,REE )(Si2O7)2OF3 | Mon. |
| 17.8.8 | Nenadkevichite | (Na,◻)8Nb4(Si4O12)2(O,OH)4 · 8H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbam |
| 17.8.9 | Natrokomarovite | (Na,Ca,H)2Nb2Si2O10(OH,F)2 · H2O | Orth. |
| 17.8.10 | Wöhlerite | NaCa2(Zr,Nb)(Si2O7)(O,OH,F)2 | Mon. 2 : P21 |
| 17.8.11 | Belkovite | Ba3(Nb,Ti)6(Si2O7)2O12 | Hex. |
| 17.8.12 | Baotite | Ba4Ti8Si4O28Cl | Tet. 4/m : I41/a |
| 17.8.13 | Shcherbakovite | (K,Ba)KNa(Ti,Nb)2(Si4O12)O2 | Orth. |
| 17.8.14 | Ilímaussite-(Ce) | (Na,K)7-8(Ba,K)10Ce5(Nb,Ti)6(Si3O9)4(Si9O18)O6(O,OH)24 | Trig. 3 2 : R3 2 |
| 17.8.15 | Komarovite | (Ca,Mn)Nb2[O3|Si2O7] · 3.5H2O | Orth. |
| 17.8.16 | Manganbelyankinite | (Mn,Ca)(Ti,Nb)5O12 · 9H2O | |
| 17.8.17 | Niobophyllite | (K,Na)3(Fe,Mn)6(Nb,Ti)2Si8(O,OH,F)31 | Tric. |
| 17.8.18 | Caesium-Kupletskite | (Cs,K,Na)3(Mn,Fe2+)7(Ti,Nb)2Si8O24(O,OH,F)7 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
References for Murmanite
Reference List:
Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)
Gutkova, N. (1930) Sur un nouveau titano-silicate - la mourmanite de Lujawrurt. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, seriya A: 27: 731-736.
Fleischer, M. (1963) New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 48: 1413-1421.
Khalilov, A.D., Mamedov, K.S., Makarov, E.S., Pyanzina, L.A. (1965) Crystal structure of murmanite. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR: 161: 1409-1411.
Vlasov, K.A., Kuz'menko, M.V., Es'kova, E.M. (1966) The Lovozero alkali massif. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR: 347-351. (in English)
Karup-Møller, S. (1986) Murmanite from the Ilímaussaq alkaline complex, South Greenland. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Abhandlungen: 155: 67-88.
Rastsvetaeva, R.K., Andrianov, V.I. (1986) New data on the crystal structure of murmanite. Soviet Physics - Crystallography: 31: 44-48.
Jambor, J.L., Bladh, K.W., Ercit, T.S., Grice, J.D., Grew, E.S. (1988) New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 73: 927-935.
Khalilov, A.D. (1989) Refinement of the crystal structure of murmanite and new data on its crystal-chemical characteristics. Mineralogicheskii Zhurnal, Kiev: 11(5): 19-27.
Németh, P., Ferraris, G., Radnóczi, G., Ageeva, O.A. (2005) TEM and X-ray study of syntactic intergrowths of epistolite, murmanite and shkatulkalite. Canadian Mineralogist: 43: 973-987.
Sokolova, E. (2006) From structure topology to chemical composition. I. Structural hierarchy and stereochemistry in titanium disilicate minerals. The Canadian Mineralogist: 44: 1273-1330.
Locock, A.J., Piilonen, P.C., Ercit, T.S., Rowe, R. (2006) New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 91: 216-224.
Cámara, F., Sokolova, E., Hawthorne, F. C., Abdu, Y. (2008) From structure topology to chemical composition. IX. Titanium silicates: revision of the crystal chemistry of lomonosovite and murmanite, Group-IV minerals. Mineralogical Magazine: 72: 1207-1228.
Lykova, I.S., Pekov, I.V., Zubkova, N.V., Chuckanov, N.V., Yapaskurt, V.O., Chervonnaya, N.A., Zolotarev, A.A. (2015) Crystal chemistry of cation-exchanged forms of epistolite-group minerals, part I. Ag- and Cu-exchanged lomonosovite and Ag-exchanged murmanite. European Journal of Mineralogy: 27: 535-549.
Lykova, I.S., Pekov, I.V., Zubkova, N.V., Yapaskurt, V.O., Chervonnaya, N.A., Zolotarev, A.A., Giester, G. (2015) Crystal structure of cation-exchanged forms of epistolite-group minerals. Part II. Virgrishinite and Zn-exchanged murmanite. European Journal of Mineralogy: 27: 669-682.
Internet Links for Murmanite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-2813.html
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Localities for Murmanite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Brazil | |
| G Traversa et al (1994) Petrology and Mineral Chemistry of the Alkaline District of Lages, SC, Brazil. Geochem Brazil 8:179-214 |
Canada | |
| GSC locality database; L. W. Curtis And J. Gittins (1979) Aluminous and Titaniferous Clinopyroxenes from Regionally Metamorphosed Agpaitic Rocks in Central Labrador. J. Petrology 20:165-186.; Curtis, L.W. & Currie, K.L. (1977) Geology and petrology of the Red Wine complex, Central Labrador. GSC Bulletin 287, 61p. + maps |
Denmark | |
| Soerensen, H. (2001): The Ilimaussaq alkaline complex, South Greenland: status of mineralogical research with new results, Geology of Greenland Survey Bulletin 190, GEUS; Petersen, O.V. (2001): List of all minerals identified in the Ilímaussaq alkaline complex, South Greenland. Geology of Greenland Survey Bulletin. 190, 25-33 |
| Henning Sørensen and Lotte Melchior Larsen (2001) The hyper-agpaitic stage in the evolution of the Ilímaussaq alkaline complex, South Greenland. Geology of Greenland Survey Bulletin 190, 83–94 |
| Bertil Otter collection, photo-id 22447 |
Russia | |
| Lennikov, A. M., Zalishak, B. L., & Oktyabrsky, R. A. (2004). The Konder massif of ultramafic and alkaline rocks and related PGM mineralization. In Interim IAGOD Conf. Excursion Guidebook. Vladivostok: Dalnauka (p. 29). |
| Mitchell, R.H., Chakhmouradian, A.R. and Yakovenchuk, V.N. (1996): "Nioboloparite"; a re-investigation and descreditation. Canadian Mineralogist. 34,991-999 |
| Men'shikov, Y.P., et al (2006), American Mineralogist: 91: 922-928.; Yakovenchik, V.N., Ivaniuk, G.Yu., Pakhomovsky, Ya.A., Selivanova, E.A., Men'shikov, Yu.P., Korchak, J.A., Krivovichev, S.V., Spiridonova, D.V., Zalkind, O.A. (2010): Punkaruaivite, Li{Ti2(OH)2[Si4O11(OH)]}•H2O, a new mineral species from hydrothermalites of Khibiny and Lovozero alkaline massifs (Kola Peninsula, Russia). Canadian Mineralogist, 48, 41-50. | |
| Men'shikov, Y.P., Krivovichev, S.V., Pakhomovsky, Y.A., Yakovenchuk, V.N., Ivanyuk, G.Y., Mikhailova, J.A., Armbruster, T., and Selivanova, E.A. (2006): Chivruaiite, Ca4(Ti,Nb)5[(Si6O17)2|(OH,O)5]·13-14H2O, a new mineral from hydrothermal veins of Khibiny and Lovozero alkaline massifs. American Mineralogist 91, 922-928. | |
| Yakovenchuk, V.N., Ivanyuk, G.Y., Pakhomovsky, Y.A., Men’shikov, Y.P., Konopleva, N.G., and Korchak, Y.A. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(8), 732-745. | |
| Takai, Y., Uehara, S., Inoo, T. (2011) Minerals from Khibiny, Kola, Russia. Chigaku Kenkyu, 60 (1), 41-46. |
| Pekov, I.V. & Podlesnyi, A.S. (2004): Kukisvumchorr Deposit: Mineralogy of Alkaline Pegmatites and Hydrotermalites. Mineralogical Almanac, vol. 7, 140 pages + xxiv photo's pages | |
| Marek Patus collection | |
| No reference listed | |
| Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow; Yakovenchik, V.N., Ivaniuk, G.Yu., Pakhomovsky, Ya.A., Selivanova, E.A., Men'shikov, Yu.P., Korchak, J.A., Krivovichev, S.V., Spiridonova, D.V., Zalkind, O.A. (2010): Punkaruaivite, Li{Ti2(OH)2[Si4O11(OH)]}•H2O, a new mineral species from hydrothermalites of Khibiny and Lovozero alkaline massifs (Kola Peninsula, Russia). Canadian Mineralogist, 48, 41-50. |
| Knut Edvard Larsen collection # 1036 | |
| Pekov, I.V. (2000): Lovozero Massif. Moscow, Ocean Pictures Ltd, 480 pp. | |
| Pavel M. Kartashov data | |
| Pekov, I.V. (2000): Lovozero Massif. Moscow, Ocean Pictures Ltd, 480 pp. | |
| Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow | |
| Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow | |
| Arzamastsev, A., Yakovenchuk, V., Pakhomovsky, Y., & Ivanyuk, G. (2008). The Khibina and Lovozero alkaline massifs: Geology and unique mineralization. In Guidbook for 33rd International Geological Congress Excursion (No. 47, p. 58).; Pakhomovsky, Y. A., Ivanyuk, G. Y., & Yakovenchuk, V. N. (2014). Loparite-(Ce) in rocks of the Lovozero layered complex at Mt. Karnasurt and Mt. Kedykvyrpakhk. Geology of Ore Deposits, 56(8), 685-698. | |
| Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow |
| [World of Stones 95:5-6, p64] | |
| Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow | |
| Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow; Pekov, I.V. (2000): Lovozero Massif. Moscow, Ocean Pictures Ltd, 480 pp.; Yakovenchuk, V. N., Ivanyuk, G. Y., Krivovichev, S. V., Pakhomovsky, Y. A., Selivanova, E. A., Korchak, J. A., ... & Zalkind, O. A. (2011). Eliseevite, Na1. 5Li [Ti2Si4O12. 5 (OH) 1.5]∙ 2H2O, a new microporous titanosilicate from the Lovozero alkaline massif (Kola Peninsula, Russia). American Mineralogist, 96(10), 1624-1629. | |
| Ermolaeva, V.N., Pekov, I.V., Chukanov, N.V., Zadov, A.E. (2007): Geology of Ore Deposits 49(8), 758-775. | |
| Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow |
| [World of Stones 95:5-6, p64]; Pekov, I. et al (2003): New Data on Minerals: 38: 20-33. | |
| Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow |
| Am Min (1941), 25:425 |
Selsurt Mt, Lovozero Massif, Murmanskaya Oblast', Northern Region, Russia