Natroalunite
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Formula:
NaAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
Colour:
White, grayish, yellowish, reddish, red-brown; colourless in transmitted light.
Lustre:
Vitreous, Pearly
Hardness:
3½ - 4
Specific Gravity:
2.6 - 2.9
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Member of:
Name:
In allusion to the dominance of sodium (NATRium in Latin) in the composition and its relationship to ALUNITE.
Type Locality:
Classification of Natroalunite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
6/B.11-10
7.BC.10
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
B : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, without H2O
C : With medium-sized and large cations
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
B : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, without H2O
C : With medium-sized and large cations
25.6.15
25 : Sulphates
6 : Sulphates of Al and Tl
25 : Sulphates
6 : Sulphates of Al and Tl
Pronounciation of Natroalunite
Pronounciation:
Play | Recorded by | Country |
---|---|---|
Jolyon & Katya Ralph | United Kingdom |
Physical Properties of Natroalunite
Vitreous, Pearly
Transparency:
Transparent
Comment:
Somewhat pearly on {0001}.
Colour:
White, grayish, yellowish, reddish, red-brown; colourless in transmitted light.
Comment:
White when pure.
Streak:
White
Hardness:
3½ - 4 on Mohs scale
Hardness Data:
Measured
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
On {0001}, distinct; on {01_12}, traces.
On {0001}, distinct; on {01_12}, traces.
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven, Splintery, Conchoidal
Density:
2.6 - 2.9 g/cm3 (Measured)
Comment:
Values measured on massive material.
Optical Data of Natroalunite
Type:
Uniaxial (+)
RI values:
nω = 1.568 nε = 1.590
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.022

Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Low
Chemical Properties of Natroalunite
Formula:
NaAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
Common Impurities:
K
Crystallography of Natroalunite
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Class (H-M):
3m - Ditrigonal Pyramidal
Space Group:
R3m
Cell Parameters:
a = 6.97 Å, c = 16.74 Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 2.402
Unit Cell V:
704.29 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:
Rarely in small crystals; as druses in massive material or as aggregates. Crystals tabular {0001} or terminated by flat vicinal rhombohedra; rhombohedral and commonly pseudo-cubic {01_12}. Lenticular based on distortion or vicinal development. Massive, granular to dense.
Type Occurrence of Natroalunite
Synonyms of Natroalunite
Other Language Names for Natroalunite
Varieties of Natroalunite
Strontian Natroalunite | Contains SrO @ 2.81%. |
Relationship of Natroalunite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Alunite | KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6 | Trig. 3m : R3m |
Ammonioalunite | (NH4)Al3(SO4)2(OH)6 | Trig. |
Ammoniojarosite | (NH4)Fe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6 | Trig. 3m : R3m |
Argentojarosite | AgFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6 | Trig. 3m : R3m |
Beaverite-(Cu) | Pb(Fe3+2Cu)(SO4)2(OH)6 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
Beaverite-(Zn) | Pb(Fe3+2Zn)(SO4)2(OH)6 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
Dorallcharite | TlFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
Huangite | Ca0.5Al3(SO4)2(OH)6 | Trig. |
Hydroniumjarosite | (H3O)Fe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
Jarosite | KFe3+ 3(SO4)2(OH)6 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
Natroalunite-2c | (Na,Ca0.5,K)Al3(SO4)2(OH)6 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
Natrojarosite | NaFe3(SO4)2(OH)6 | Trig. 3m : R3m |
Osarizawaite | Pb(Al2Cu2+)(SO4)2(OH)6 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
Plumbojarosite | Pb0.5Fe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
Schlossmacherite | (H3O)Al3(SO4)2(OH)6 | Trig. |
Walthierite | Ba0.5Al3(SO4)2(OH)6 | Trig. |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
Hotsonite | 2 photos of Natroalunite associated with Hotsonite on mindat.org. |
Zinkenite | 2 photos of Natroalunite associated with Zinkenite on mindat.org. |
Bromargyrite | 1 photo of Natroalunite associated with Bromargyrite on mindat.org. |
Sillimanite | 1 photo of Natroalunite associated with Sillimanite on mindat.org. |
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping
7.BC. | Adranosite-(Fe) | (NH4)4NaFe3+2(SO4)4Cl(OH)2 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I41/acd |
7.BC. | Adranosite | (NH4)4NaAl2(SO4)4Cl(OH)2 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I41/acd |
7.BC.05 | D'Ansite | Na21Mg(SO4)10Cl3 | Iso. |
7.BC.10 | Alunite | KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6 | Trig. 3m : R3m |
7.BC.10 | Ammonioalunite | (NH4)Al3(SO4)2(OH)6 | Trig. |
7.BC.10 | Ammoniojarosite | (NH4)Fe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6 | Trig. 3m : R3m |
7.BC.10 | Argentojarosite | AgFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6 | Trig. 3m : R3m |
7.BC.10 | Beaverite-(Cu) | Pb(Fe3+2Cu)(SO4)2(OH)6 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
7.BC.10 | Dorallcharite | TlFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
7.BC.10 | Huangite | Ca0.5Al3(SO4)2(OH)6 | Trig. |
7.BC.10 | Hydroniumjarosite | (H3O)Fe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
7.BC.10 | Jarosite | KFe3+ 3(SO4)2(OH)6 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
7.BC.10 | Natroalunite-2c | (Na,Ca0.5,K)Al3(SO4)2(OH)6 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
7.BC.10 | Natrojarosite | NaFe3(SO4)2(OH)6 | Trig. 3m : R3m |
7.BC.10 | Osarizawaite | Pb(Al2Cu2+)(SO4)2(OH)6 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
7.BC.10 | Plumbojarosite | Pb0.5Fe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
7.BC.10 | Schlossmacherite | (H3O)Al3(SO4)2(OH)6 | Trig. |
7.BC.10 | Walthierite | Ba0.5Al3(SO4)2(OH)6 | Trig. |
7.BC.10 | Beaverite-(Zn) | Pb(Fe3+2Zn)(SO4)2(OH)6 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
7.BC.15 | Ye'elimite | Ca4Al6(SO4)O12 | Iso. |
7.BC.20 | Atlasovite | K(BiO)Cu6Fe3+(SO4)5O3Cl | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/ncc |
7.BC.20 | Nabokoite | KCu7(SO4)5(Te4+O3)OCl | Tet. |
7.BC.25 | Chlorothionite | K2Cu(SO4)Cl2 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma |
7.BC.30 | Euchlorine | KNaCu3(SO4)3O | Mon. |
7.BC.30 | Fedotovite | K2Cu3(SO4)3O | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
7.BC.35 | Kamchatkite | KCu3(SO4)2OCl | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma |
7.BC.40 | Piypite | K4Cu4O2(SO4)4 · (Na,Cu)Cl | Tet. |
7.BC.45 | Klyuchevskite | K3Cu3(Fe3+,Al)(SO4)4O2 | Mon. |
7.BC.45 | Alumoklyuchevskite | K3Cu3(Al,Fe3+)(SO4)4O2 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
7.BC.50 | Caledonite | Pb5Cu2(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)6 | Orth. mm2 : Pmn21 |
7.BC.55 | Wherryite | Pb7Cu2(SO4)4(SiO4)2(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
7.BC.60 | Mammothite | Pb6Cu4AlSb5+O2(OH)16Cl4(SO4)2 | Mon. 2 : B2 |
7.BC.65 | Linarite | PbCu(SO4)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
7.BC.65 | Schmiederite | Pb2Cu2(Se6+O4)(Se4+O3)(OH)4 | Mon. |
7.BC.65 | Munakataite | Pb2Cu2(Se4+O3)(SO4)(OH)4 | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
7.BC.70 | Chenite | Pb4Cu(SO4)2(OH)6 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
7.BC.75 | Krivovichevite | Pb3Al(OH)6(SO4)(OH) | Trig. 3m : R3c |
7.BC.80 | Anhydrokainite | KMg(SO4)Cl |
Related Minerals - Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals Grouping
25.6.1 | Rostite | Al(SO4)(OH) · 5H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
25.6.2 | Jurbanite | Al(SO4)(OH) · 5H2O | Mon. |
25.6.3 | Khademite | Al(SO4)F · 5H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
25.6.4 | Meta-aluminite | Al2(SO4)(OH)4 · 5H2O | |
25.6.5 | Aluminite | Al2(SO4)(OH)4 · 7H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
25.6.6 | Meta-alunogen | Al2(SO4)3 · 12H2O | |
25.6.7 | Alunogen | Al2(SO4)3 · 17H2O | Tric. 1 |
25.6.8 | Felsőbányaite | Al4(SO4)(OH)10 · 4H2O | Mon. 2 : P21 |
25.6.9 | Basaluminite | Al4(SO4)(OH)10 · 4H2O | Hex. |
25.6.10 | Hydrobasaluminite | Al4(SO4)(OH)10 · 12-36H2O | Mon. |
25.6.11 | Zaherite | Al12(SO4)5(OH)26 · 20H2O | Tric. |
25.6.12 | Tamarugite | NaAl(SO4)2 · 6H2O | Mon. 2/m |
25.6.13 | Mendozite | NaAl(SO4)2 · 11H2O | Mon. 2/m |
25.6.14 | Alum-(Na) | NaAl(SO4)2 · 12H2O | |
25.6.16 | Kalinite | KAl(SO4)2 · 11H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
25.6.17 | Alum-(K) | KAl(SO4)2 · 12H2O | Iso. m3 (2/m 3) |
25.6.18 | Alunite | KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6 | Trig. 3m : R3m |
25.6.19 | Natroalunite-2c | (Na,Ca0.5,K)Al3(SO4)2(OH)6 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
25.6.20 | Tschermigite | (NH4)Al(SO4)2 · 12H2O | Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pa3 |
Other Information
Electrical:
Strongly pyroelectric.
Notes:
Insoluble in water.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
References for Natroalunite
Reference List:
Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)
Hurlbutt (1894) American Journal of Science: 48: 130.
Calderón y Arana, S. (1910) Los minerales de España, 2 volumes, Madrid: 2: 203 (as Almeriite).
Schaller (1911) American Journal of Science: 32: 359.
Doelter, C. (1927) Handbuch der Mineral-chemie (in 4 volumes divided into parts): 4 [2]: 495 (as Natroalunit).
Westman (1931) Bol. Minero soc. nac. Mineria, Santiago de Chile: 43: 433 (as Alkanasul).
Laudermilk (1935) American Mineralogist: 20: 57 (as Soda-Alunite).
Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 556-560.
Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte (1982): 534-540.
Sato, E., Nakai, I., Miyawaki, R. & Matsubara, S. (2009): Crystal structures of alunite family minerals: beaverite, corkite, alunite, natroalunite, jarosite, svanbergite, and woodhouseite. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie Abhandlungen 185, 313-322.
Internet Links for Natroalunite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-2850.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
Localities for Natroalunite
Locality List




All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina | |
| Bengochea, L., Lara, R. y Mas, G., 1996. Kalinita y boyleita. Sulfatos secundarios del Área Valle del Cura; San Juan. 3ra Reunión de Mineralogía y Metalogenia. Instituto de Recursos Minerales, UNLP. Publicación 5: 63-66. |
| Jovic, S.M., Guido, D.M., Schalamuk, I.B., Ríos, F.J., Tassinari, C.C.G., Recio. C. (2011): Pingüino In-bearing polymetallic vein deposit, Deseado Massif, Patagonia, Argentina: characteristics of mineralization and ore-forming fluids. Mineralium Deposita, 46, 257-271. |
Australia | |
| Wray, R.A.L. (2001): Alunite formation within silica stalactites from the Sydney Region, South-eastern Australia. International Journal of Speleology 40, 109-116. |
| Georgina Gordon, Brian Morris & Josine Talbot (2014) Logging the Regolith Profile of Cooper Pedy, South Australia. in Geological Society of Australia, 2014 Australian Earth Sciences Convention (AESC), Sustainable Australia. Abstract No 110 of the 22nd Australian Geological Convention |
| Bottrill RS & Baker, WE (in prep) Catalogue of Minerals of Tasmania. Mineral Resources Tasmania |
| M. Jacobson, M. Calderwood, B. Grguric; Pegmatites of Western Australia; (Perth 2007) |
Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 559. | |
| Simpson, E.S. (1948), Minerals of Western Australia, Vol 1, pp 55, 1948 |
Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 559. | |
| Nickel, E.H. (1982) Secondary minerals from the oxidized zone of the Teutonic Bore sulphide deposit. The Australian Mineralogist, No. 40, December 1982, pg. 219-223. |
| Peter Downes, WA Museum |
Bolivia | |
| [MinRec 32:476] |
[MinRec 32:473] | |
| Salomon Rivas y Federico Ahlfeld (1998) Los Minerales de Bolivia y sus Parajes. (Santa Cruz) |
Bulgaria | |
| Georgieva, S. & Velinova, N. (2012): Alunite from the advanced argillic alterations in the Chelopech high-sulphidation epithermal Cu-Au deposit, Bulgaria: Chemistry, morphology and genetic significance. Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Petrology 49, 17-31. |
Canada | |
| Duuring, P., Rowins, S.M., McKinley, B.S.M., Dickinson, J.M., Diakow, L.J., Kim, Y.-S., and Creaser, R.A. (2009): Mineralium Deposita 44, 463-496. |
| SABINA, A.P. (1976): Rocks & minerals for the collector: The Magdalen Islands, Quebec and the island of Newfoundland. Geological Survey of Canada Paper 75-36, 199p. Reissued in 2003 as Île de la Madeleine, Quebec, the Island of Newfoundland and Labrador. Geological Survey of Canada Miscellaneous Report 58, 160-161. |
Chile | |
| Sample analysed by Dr. Tony Kampf, Curator of LAC Mineralogical Museum, USA |
R.B. Cook: "Famous mineal locality; Chuquicamata, Chile": Mineralogical Record, sept.-oct. 1973; Samples analysed by Dr. Tony Kampf, Curator of LAC Mineralogical Museum, USA | |
Maksaev, V., Townley, B., Palacios, C., and Camus, F. (2007): Metallic ore deposits. In: Moreno, T., and Gibbons, W. (editors): The Geology of Chile. The Geological Society (London), pp. 414. | |
| samples analysed by Gerhard Mohn and Joy Desor |
| Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 559. |
| Deyell, C. L., Rye, R. O., Landis, G. P., & Bissig, T. (2005). Alunite and the role of magmatic fluids in the Tambo high-sulfidation deposit, El Indio–Pascua belt, Chile. Chemical Geology, 215(1), 185-218. |
| Bouzari F, Clark AH (2002) Anatomy, evolution, and metallogenetic significance of the supergene orebody of the Cerro Colorado porphyry copper deposit, I Región, northern Chile. Economic Geology 97, 1701–1740. |
China | |
| Zhaoxin Han, Lijun Luan, and Chaoyou Wang (2004): Journal of Xi'an University of Science and Technology 24(3), 324-327; Kaiyin Bai and Zhaoxin Han (2007): Northwestern Geology 40(2), 114-117 |
Dominican Republic | |
| Muntean, J. L., Kesler, S. E., Russell, N., & Polanco, J. (1990). Evolution of the Monte Negro acid-sulfate Au-Ag deposit, Pueblo Viejo, Dominican Republic; important factors in grade development. Economic Geology, 85(8), 1738-1758. |
El Salvador | |
| Torio-Henríquez, E. (2007) Petrography and mineral alteration in Berlin geothermal field. Proceedings, Thirty-Second Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering. Stanford University, Stanford, California, January 22-24. |
French West Indies | |
| Lacroix, A. (1910): Minéralogie de la France et de ses colonies, Librairie Polytechnique, Ch. Béranger Editeur, Tome IV, 142-143. |
Germany | |
| Schnorrer-Köhler, G. (1986) Neue Minerale von der Schlackenhalde der ehemaligen Zinkhütte Genna in Letmathe/Sauerland. Aufschluss, 37 (2), 55-67.; Bender-Marl, D. & Krimmelbein-Altena, W. (1994) Aktuelle Übersicht: Mineralien der Zinkhütte Genna/Sauerland. Stand Juni 1994. Mineralien-Welt, 4/94, 10. |
Greece | |
| LAPIS 24 (7/8) 1999; Wendel, W. and Markl, G. (1999) Lavrion: Mineralogische Klassiker und Raritäten für Sammler. LAPIS 24 (7/8):34-52 |
No reference listed | |
Hanke, H. (1998) Laurion - ein Rückblick auf die Funde der letzten drei Jahre. Mineralien-Welt, 9 (2), 37-45. | |
| Vodouris, P. C. (2011): Conditions of formation of the Mavrokoryfi high-sulfidation epithermal Cu–Ag–Au–Te mineralization (Petrota Graben, NE Greece). Mineralogy and Petrology 101, 97-113. |
| Voudouris, P. C., & Melfos, V. (2013). Aluminum-phosphate-sulfate (APS) minerals in the sericitic-advanced argillic alteration zone of the Melitena porphyry-epithermal Mo-Cu Au Re prospect, western Thrace, Greece. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie-Abhandlungen: Journal of Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 190(1), 11-27. |
Iceland | |
| Carson, G. L. (2015). Hydrothermal Acid-sulfate Alteration at Krafla and Námafjall, Ne Iceland: Implications for Gusev Crater and Meridiani Planum, Mars. Masters thesis, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. |
Italy | |
| D’Angeli, I., Waele, D., Carbone, J., Parise, M., Madonia, G., & Vattano, M. (2017). Secondary Minerals From Italian Sulfuric Acid Caves. In 17th International Congress of Speleology (No. I, pp. 237-241). Australian Speleological Federation Inc. |
| Baldoni etal (2013) in Mine Caves pp197-210; Sauro, F., De Waele, J., Onac, B. P., Galli, E., Dublyansky, Y., Baldoni, E., & Sanna, L. (2014). Hypogenic speleogenesis in quartzite: the case of Corona'e Sa Craba Cave (SW Sardinia, Italy). Geomorphology, 211, 77-88. |
| Campostrini, I., Demartin, F., Gramaccioli, C.M., Russo, M. (2011): Vulcano - Tre secoli di mineralogia. AMI-Associazione Micromineralogica Italiana, Cremona, Italy, 344 pp. |
Japan | |
| Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 559; Ryoichi SADANAGA and Michiaki BUNNO (1974) THE WAKABAYASHI MINERAL COLLECTION Bulletin No. 7 The University Museum, The University of Tokyo |
| Ryoichi SADANAGA and Michiaki BUNNO (1974) THE WAKABAYASHI MINERAL COLLECTION Bulletin No. 7 The University Museum, The University of Tokyo |
| Matsubara et al (1998) Mineralogical Journal, 20, 1-8; Mineralogical Journal Vol. 20 (1998) , No. 1 pp 1-8 |
| Alfredo Petrov specimens |
| PXRD by John Attard, May 2014, on samples collected by Alfredo Petrov. |
Kyrgyzstan | |
| [Lapis 1993:11 p11-24] |
| [Lapis 11:11-24] |
New Zealand | |
| de Ronde, C.E.J.; Hannington, M.D.; Stoffers, P.; Wright, I.C.; Ditchburn, R.G.; Reyes, A.G.; Baker, E.T.; Massoth, G.J.; Lupton, J.E.; Walker, S.L.; Greene, R.R.; Soong, C.W.R.; Ishibashi, J.; Lebon, G.T.; Bray, C.J.; Resing, J.A. 2005 Evolution of a submarine magmatic-hydrothermal system : Brothers volcano, southern Kermadec arc, New Zealand. Economic geology, 100(6): 1097-1133 |
Muiruru F.G. (1985) Hot spring and rock samples from Curtis Island Volcano, Kermadec Group. Unpub. paper Geothermal Institute, University of Auckland | |
Lloyd, E.F., Nathan, S., Smith, I.E.M., Stewart, R.B. (1996) Volcanic history of Macauley Island, Kermadec Ridge, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, 39:2, 295-308. | |
| Pangilinan, Leticia S. (2005) Geochemical and Hydrological Assessment of Thermal Features in the Vicinity of the Champagne Pool in the Waiotapu Geothermal System. Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2005 Antalya, Turkey, 24-29 April 2005. |
| Simpson, Mauk, & Simmons, 2001, Hydrothermal Alteration and Hydrologic Evolution of the Golden Cross Epithermal Au-Ag Deposit, Economic Geology 96, pp773-796 |
| Unpublished drill log report to NZ Dept of Mines by sulphur mining operator |
Cody, A.D., Grammer, T.R. (1979) Magnesian halotrichite from White Island. N.Z. Journal of Geology and Geophysics, 22:4, 495-498. | |
Nicaragua | |
| Hynek, B. M., McCollom, T. M., Marcucci, E. C., Brugman, K., & Rogers, K. L. (2013). Assessment of environmental controls on acid‐sulfate alteration at active volcanoes in Nicaragua: Applications to relic hydrothermal systems on Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, 118(10), 2083-2104. |
| Hynek, B. M., McCollom, T. M., Marcucci, E. C., Brugman, K., & Rogers, K. L. (2013). Assessment of environmental controls on acid‐sulfate alteration at active volcanoes in Nicaragua: Applications to relic hydrothermal systems on Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, 118(10), 2083-2104. |
Hynek, B. M., McCollom, T. M., Marcucci, E. C., Brugman, K., & Rogers, K. L. (2013). Assessment of environmental controls on acid‐sulfate alteration at active volcanoes in Nicaragua: Applications to relic hydrothermal systems on Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, 118(10), 2083-2104. | |
Pacific Ocean | |
| A. G. Reyes, C.E.J. DE Ronde, and C. W. R. Soong (2004) a Submarine Magmatic-hydrothermal System at Brothers Volcano, Kermadecs. Proceedings 26th NZ Geothermal Workshop pp 46-52 |
Panama | |
| I. Corral, E. Cardellach, A. Canals, M. Corbella, T. Martín-Crespo and E. Vindel (2010): Environment of Ore Deposition in the Cerro Quema Gold-Copper Deposit (Azuero Peninsula, Panama). Macla 13, 69-70; Corral, I., Griera, A., Gras, D. M. G., Corbella, M., i Sabaté, À. C., Piineda-Falconett, M., & i López, E. C. (2011). Geology of the Cerro Quema Au-Cu deposit (Azuero Peninsula, Panama). Geologica acta: an international earth science journal, 9(3), 481-498. |
Papua New Guinea | |
| Petersen, S., Herzig, P. M., Hannington, M. D., Jonasson, I. R., & Arribas, A. (2002). Submarine gold mineralization near Lihir Island, New Ireland fore-arc, Papua New Guinea. Economic Geology, 97(8), 1795-1813. |
Puerto Rico | |
| Raymond L. Parker (1962) Isomorphous substitution in natural and synthetic alunite. American Mineralogist, 47, 127-136. |
Russia | |
| Zelensky, M.E., Kaz’min, L.A. (2004): Mineral associations and modeling of mineral formation processes in the high temperature fumarole zone of the Mutnovsky volcano (Kamchatka). Experiment in Geosciences: 10(1): 92-94 |
Saint Lucia | |
| Goff, F., & Vuataz, F. D. (1984). Hydrogeochemistry of the Qualibou Caldera geothermal system, St. Lucia, West Indies. Trans. Geotherm. Res. Council. |
Slovakia | |
| Juraj ŽItňan, Peter Koděra & Pavel Uher (2011) Characteristics of advanced argillic alteration at Biely Vrch and Kalinka localities, Javorie stratovolcano, Slovakia.SGA Student Conference Mineral resources for the society Prague, April15 19,2011 |
| Ďuďa R., 1993 : Die mineralien der Gold und Silber - lagersttäte von Kremnitz ( Kremnica) in der Slowakei. Mineralien Welt /Haltern,Nemecko/,5, s. 20 - 32 |
| Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590k |
| Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590 |
South Africa | |
| Atanasova, M., Cairncross, B. and Windisch, W.R. (2016) Microminerals of the Bushveld Complex, South Africa. Popular Geoscience Series 6, Council for Geoscience, Pretoria, South Africa, 57 pg |
| Schoch A E, Beukes G J, Praekelt H E (1985) A natroalunite - zaherite - hotsonite paragenesis from Pofadder, Bushmanland, South Africa. The Canadian Mineralogist 23, 29-34; G. J. Beukes, A. E. Schoch, H. de Bruiyn, W. A. van der Westhuizen and L. D. C. Bok (1984) A New Occurrence of the Hydrated Aluminium Sulphate Zaherite, from Pofadder, South Africa Mineralogical Magazine 48:131-135 |
| Minerals of South Africa |
Natural History Museum Vienna collection | |
Spain | |
| Bull. Soc. Franç. Minéralo. Cristallo. , 1964, LXXXVII, p. 288. |
| - Calvo, M (2003) Minerales y minas de España. Tomo I. Introducción y elementos. 219 pp. |
| Calvo, M. (2008). Minerales de Aragón. Prames, Zaragoza, 463 pags |
| Calvo, M. and Sevillano, E (1995). La mina "san Pedro", Purroy, Zaragoza. Revista de Minerales, 1995-2, 34-37 |
| Rosell, J. & Garrido, J.L. (2006) The minerals of Montcada Hill Quarry. Mineral Up, 2006/2, 16-20. |
Turkey | |
| http://www.odysseyresources.com/i/pdf/Curtis-AltintepeReport.pdf |
| Huseyin Yilmaz, Tolga Oyman, F. Nuran Sonmez, Greg B. Arehart and Zeki Billor (2010): Intermediate sulfidation epithermal gold-base metal deposits in Tertiary subaerial volcanic rocks, Sahinli/Tespih Dere (Lapseki/Western Turkey). Ore Geology Reviews, 37, 236-258. |
USA | |
| John Sobolewski collection |
| Ref.: Keith, Stanton B. (1978) State of Arizona Bureau of Geology and Mineral Technology, Geol. Sur. Br. Bull. 192, Index of Mining Properties in Yuma Co., Arizona: 161 (Table 4); Arizona Bureau of Mines file data. |
| Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 559; Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 310; Omori, K. & P.F. Kerr (1963), Infrared studies of saline sulfate minerals, Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. 74: 709-734. |
| Wherry, E.T. (1916), Notes on alunite, psilomelanite and titanite: US National Museum Proceedings: 51: 81-88; Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 559. |
| Lemmon (1937) American Mineralogist: 22: 939; Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 559. |
| Lemmon, Dwight Moulton (1937), Geology of the andalusite deposits in the northern Inyo Range, California. Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, Stanford University: 42-43; Gross, E.B. and Parwel, A. (1968) Rutile mineralization at the White Mountain andalusite deposit, California. Arkiv för Mineralogie och Geologi 4, No. 29: 493-497; Wise, W. S. (1977): Mineralogy of the Champion mine White Mountains, California. Mineralogical Record 8, 480; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 265. |
| Robert G. Lee, John H. Dilles, David A. John, Tanya L. Abela (2005) The mineralogy and origin of hydrothermally altered Quaternary volcanic rocks on the south flank of Lassen volcano, California: Interim report for USGS Mineral Resource External Research Program grant of $42,000 in FY 2005 |
| Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B. |
| Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B. |
Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 559; Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B. | |
| Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 559. |
| Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B. |
| "Minerals of Colorado, updated & revised", p. 344, by Eckel, Edwin B., 1997 |
| Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 559; Mineralogical Record (1986) 17: 229-236. |
| Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B. |
| Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 559; American Mineralogist: 20: 57. |
| NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada |
NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada | |
NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada | |
NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada | |
| NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada |
NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada | |
| Econ Geol (1997) 92:578-600 |
| NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada |
| NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada |
NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada | |
| Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd. Rev. Ed., 1996 |
Journ. of Cave & Karst Stud., April 1998 | |
| Mineralogy of 10 Geothermal boreholes drilled in and around the Newberry Caldera U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper, Issue 1578 By Keith E. Bargar, Terry E. C. Keith 1999 |
| Marshall W. Gannett and Keith E. Bargar; 1981 Volcanic stratigraphy and secondary mineralization of USGS Pucci geothermal test well, Mount Hood, Oregon, Open-File Report 81-1330. |
| R&M 66:3 pp 196-224 |
| R&M 66:3 pp 196-224 |
R&M 66:3 pp 196-224 | |
R&M 66:3 pp 196-224 | |
R&M 66:3 pp 196-224 | |
R&M 66:3 pp 196-224 | |
| U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. |
| U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
| U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. |
| UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah |
Sugarloaf Butte, Quartzsite area, La Paz Co., Arizona, USA