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Natron

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Natron

Atlin, Atlin Mining Division, British Columbia, Canada
Natron

Wyoming, USA
Natron

Wyoming, USA
Natron

Atlin, Atlin Mining Division, British Columbia, Canada
Natron

Wyoming, USA
Natron

Wyoming, USA
Natron

Atlin, Atlin Mining Division, British Columbia, Canada
Natron

Wyoming, USA
Formula:
Na2CO3 · 10H2O
System:
Monoclinic
Colour:
Colourless to white, ...
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
1 - 1½
Name:
In allusion to its sodium content (Latin = NATRium).
This page provides mineralogical data about Natron.


Classification of Natron

IMA status:
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
Strunz 8th ed.:
5/D.02-20
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) ed.:
5.CB.10

5 : CARBONATES (NITRATES)
C : Carbonates without additional anions, with H2O
B : With large cations (alkali and alkali-earth carbonates)
Dana 8th ed.:
15.1.2.1

15 : HYDRATED NORMAL CARBONATES
1 : A(XO3)·xH2O
Hey's CIM Ref.:
11.1.7

11 : Carbonates
1 : Carbonates of the alkali metals and ammonium

Physical Properties of Natron

Lustre:
Vitreous
Diaphaneity (Transparency):
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Colourless to white, greyish, yellowish; colourless in transmitted light.
Hardness (Mohs):
1 - 1½
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
On {001} distinct; on {010} imperfect; on {110} in traces.
Fracture:
Conchoidal
Density:
1.478 g/cm3 (Measured)    

Optical Data of Natron

Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.405 nβ = 1.425 nγ = 1.440
2V:
Measured: 71° , Calculated: 80°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.035
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
r > v

Chemical Properties of Natron

Formula:
Na2CO3 · 10H2O
Elements listed in formula:
C, H, Na, O - search for minerals with similar chemistry
Analytical Data:
Effloresces rapidly in dry air, yielding thermonatrite, the monohydrate.
Crystallography of Natron
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P2/m 
Cell Parameters:
a = 12.75 Å, b = 9 Å, c = 12.6 Å
β = 115.85°
Ratio:
a:b:c =  1.417 : 1 : 1.4
Unit Cell Volume:
V 1,301.18 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:
Occurs naturally only as crystalline, granular, and columnar crusts. Artificial crystals somewhat tabular {010} with varying development of the [100] and [001] zones.
Twinning:
On {001}.
Occurrences of Natron
Relationship of Natron to other Species
Common Associates:
Calcite
Gaylussite
Thermonatrite
Trona
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):
5.CB.05ThermonatriteNa2CO3 · H2O
5.CB.15TronaNa3(HCO3)(CO3) · 2H2O
5.CB.20MonohydrocalciteCaCO3 · H2O
5.CB.25IkaiteCaCO3 · 6H2O
5.CB.30PirssoniteNa2Ca(CO3)2 · 2H2O
5.CB.35GaylussiteNa2Ca(CO3)2 · 5H2O
5.CB.40ChalconatroniteNa2Cu(CO3)2 · 3H2O
5.CB.45BaylissiteK2Mg(CO3)2 · 4H2O
5.CB.50TuliokiteNa6BaTh(CO3)6 · 6H2O
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:
11.1.1ZabuyeliteLi2CO3
11.1.2NatriteNa2CO3
11.1.3NahcoliteNaHCO3
11.1.4WegscheideriteNa5H3(CO3)4
11.1.5ThermonatriteNa2CO3 · H2O
11.1.6TronaNa3(HCO3)(CO3) · 2H2O
11.1.8KaliciniteKHCO3
11.1.9ShortiteNa2Ca2(CO3)3
11.1.10NyerereiteNa2Ca(CO3)2
11.1.11NatrofairchilditeNa2Ca(CO3)2
11.1.12ZemkoriteNa2Ca(CO3)2
11.1.13PirssoniteNa2Ca(CO3)2 · 2H2O
11.1.14GaylussiteNa2Ca(CO3)2 · 5H2O
11.1.15BaylissiteK2Mg(CO3)2 · 4H2O
11.1.16FairchilditeK2Ca(CO3)2
11.1.17BütschliiteK2Ca(CO3)2
11.1.18Teschemacherite(NH4)HCO3
Other Names for Natron
Synonyms:
Carbonate of Soda
Natronite (of Foshag et al.)
Sodium Carbonate
Sodium carbonate decahydrate
Subcarbonate of Soda
Name in Other Languages:
Catalan:Natró
Dutch:Natron
Italian:Natron
Polish:Natron
Portuguese:Natrão
Simplified Chinese:泡碱
Spanish:Natrón
Traditional Chinese:泡鹼
Other Information
Thermal Behaviour:
Melting Point: 34.5°.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Natron in petrology
Common component of (items highlighted in red)


References for Natron
Reference List:
de Lisle, Romé (1783) Cristallographie, ou description des formes propres à tous les corps du regne minéral. 4 volumes, Paris: 1: 149 (as Cristaux d'alkali fixe minéral).



Haüy, R.J. (1801) Traité de minéralogie. First edition: in 4 volumes with atlas in fol., Paris: 2: 374 (as Souda carbonatée).



Hausmann, J.F.L. (1813) Handbuch der Mineralogie 3 volumes, Göttingen. Second edition: 832 (as Soda).



Brooke (1823) Annalen der Physik, Halle, Leipzig: 6: 287 (as Subcarbonate of Soda)



Mohs, F. (1824) Grundriss der Mineralogie. 2 volumes, Dresden: 2: 27 (as Hemiprismatisches Natronsalz).



Zippe, F.X.M. (1839) Physiographie des Mineralreichs. Vienna: 2: 29.



Weisbach, Albin (1875) Synopsis mineralogical, systematische Übersicht des Mineralreiches. 78 pp., Freiberg: 7 (as Natrit).



Goldschmidt, V. (1886) Index der Krystallformen der Mineralien. 3 volumes, vol. 3, 420p.: 139.



Hintze, Carl (1916) Handbuch der Mineralogie. Berlin and Leipzig. 6 volumes: I(3A): 2778.



Goldschmidt, V. (1922) Atlas der Krystallformen. 9 volumes, atlas, and text, vol. 8: 63.



Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Etc. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 230-231.



Acta Crystallographica (1969): B25: 2656-2658.


Internet Links for Natron
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    • Localities for Natron
    

    

    This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the  symbol to view information about a locality. 
The  symbol next to localities in the list
can be used to jump to that position on the map.

    

    

    

    




 		

    (TL) indicates type locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) indicates first recorded locality for everything else.  ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    

    Antarctica
     
    

    • Buckley Island quadrangle
    
    		Liu, T. and Bish, D.L. (2010) MINERALOGICAL COMPOSITIONS OF THE EVAPORITES AT LEWIS CLIFF ICE TONGUE, ANTARCTICA: A POTENTIAL MARTIAN ANALOG. 41st Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (2010)
    Austria
     
    

    • Burgenland
    

      • Neusiedl am See
    

        • Seewinkel
    
    		A.Csaplovics (2014)
    



Götzinger, M. A. (2009): Die Salzminerale des Seewinkels, Burgenland.
    Bolivia
     
    

    • Potosí Department
    

      • Nor Lípez Province
    

        • San Juan
    
    		USGS Bulletin # 1975, (1992)
    Canada
     
    

    • British Columbia
    

      • Nicola Mining Division
    
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 231.
    

    • Québec
    

      • Montérégie
    

        • La Vallée-du-Richelieu RCM
    

          • Mont Saint-Hilaire
    
    		Horváth, L and Gault, R.A. (1990), The mineralogy of Mont Saint-Hilaire Quebec. Mineralogical Record: 21: 284-359.
    China
     
    

    • Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
    

      • Alxa League (Alashan Prefecture)
    

        • Alxa Left Banner (Alashan Zuoqi)
    
    		Zhenmi Liu (2000): Journal of Salt Lake Research 29(3), 21-26
    

    • Tibet Autonomous Region
    

      • Nagchu Prefecture (Naqu Prefecture)
    

        • Baingoin Co. (Bange Co.)
    
    		Xiyu Zheng and Shengsong Yu (1981): Scientia Geographica Sinica 1(1), 66-76; Shaoxiu Yang (1991): Journal of Lake Sciences 3(1), 1-10
    



        • Nyima Co. (Nima Co.)
    
    		Qian Wu, Mianping Zheng, Zhen Nie, and Lingzhong Bu (2013): Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 29(1), 36-44
    



Xifang Liu and Mianping Zheng (2010): Acta Geologica Sinica 89(11), 1601-1612
    



Xiyu Zheng and Shengsong Yu (1981): Scientia Geographica Sinica 1(1), 66-76; Shaoxiu Yang (1991): Journal of Lake Sciences 3(1), 1-10
    
Kezao Chen (1992): Quaternary Sciences 3(8), 193-202
    


      • Hetian Prefecture (Khotan Prefecture; Hotan Prefecture; Hoten Prefecture)
    

        • Yutian Co. (Keriye Co.)
    
    		Bingxiao Li (1992): Journal of Lake Sciences 4(1), 48-55
    Egypt
     
    

    • Western Desert
    
    		Marchesini, M. & Barresi, A. (2009): I minerali di Wadi natrun, Deserto Occidentale, Egitto, Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 4/2009, 228-258.
    Ethiopia
     
    

    • Oromia Region (Oromiya Region)
    
    		No reference listed
    France
     
    

    • Brittany
    

      • Finistère
    

        • Penmarc'h
    
    		Chauris, L. (2014): Minéraux de Bretagne, Les Editions du Piat, 156.
    Germany
     
    

    • Rhineland-Palatinate
    

      • Eifel
    

        • Laach lake volcanic complex
    

          • Burgbrohl
    
    		Abandoned puzzolane quarries located in the Brohltal, north of Laach lake
    Hungary
     
    

    • Bács-Kiskun Co.
    

      • Great Hungarian Plain
    
    		Szakáll-Gatter-Szendrei: Mineral Species of Hungary, 2006
    

    • Csongrád Co.
    
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 231.
    

    • Hajdú-Bihar Co.
    
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 231.
    

    • Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg Co.
    

      • Great Hungarian Plain
    
    		Szakáll-Gatter-Szendrei: Mineral Species of Hungary, 2006
    Italy
     
    

    • Campania
    

      • Naples Province
    

        • Somma-Vesuvius Complex
    
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 231; www.dinet.it/Mineral-GMC/AMI/vesuvio.html.
    

    • Sicily
    

      • Catania Province
    

        • Etna Volcanic Complex
    
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 231.
    Mongolia
     
    

    • Gobi Desert
    

      • Eastern Gobi Desert
    
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 231.
    Russia
     
    

    • Northern Region
    

      • Murmanskaja Oblast'
    

        • Kola Peninsula
    

          • Khibiny Massif
    
    		PEKOV, I.V. & NIKOLAEV, A.P. (2013) Minerals of the pegmatites and hydrothermal assemblages of the Koashva deposit (Khibiny, Kola Peninsula, Russia). Mineralogical Almanac 189(2), 7-65.
    




Pekov, I.V. & Podlesnyi, A.S. (2004): Kukisvumchorr Deposit: Mineralogy of Alkaline Pegmatites and Hydrotermalites. Mineralogical Almanac, vol. 7, 140 pages + xxiv photo's pages
    




          • Lovozero Massif
    
    		Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
    






              • Umbozero mine (Umbozerskii mine; Umba Mine)
    
    		Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow; Pekov, I.V. (2000): Lovozero Massif. Moscow, Ocean Pictures Ltd, 480 pp.
    





            • Kedykverpakhk Mt
    

              • Karnasurt underground mine
    

                • Kedyk area
    
    		Mineralogical Record: 36(4): 397-416.
    Switzerland
     
    

    • Vaud (Waadt)
    

      • Bex
    
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 288.
    Turkmenistan
     
    

    • Balkan Province
    
    		Evseev, A. A. (1995) Kazaknstan and Middle Asia. A brief Mineralogical Guide. World of Stone 8:24-30
    UK
     
    

    • England
    

      • Cornwall
    

        • St Just District
    

          • St Just
    
    		Bowell, R.J. (1992): Journal of the Russell Society 4(2), 51; Golley, P. & Williams, R. (1995): Cornish Mineral Reference Manual. Endsleigh Publications (Truro), 104 pp.
    USA
     
    

    • California
    

      • Inyo Co.
    

        • Owens Valley
    

          • Olancha
    
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 231; Chatard, T.M. (1890b), Natural soda; Its occurrence and utilization: USGS Bulletin 60: 75; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 277-278.
    


      • Lake Co.
    

        • Sulphur Creek District (Sulfur Creek District; Wilbur Springs District)
    

          • Clear Lake Oaks
    
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 231.
    


      • San Bernardino Co.
    
    		Gale, Hoyt Stoddard (1915), Salines in the Owens, Searles, and Panamint basins, southeastern California: USGS Bulletin 580: 297; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 278.;  Gale, Hoyt Stoddard (1915), Mineralogy of the Searles Lake deposits in Salines in the Owens, Searles, and Panamint basins, southeastern California: USGS Bulletin 580: 296-308
    

    • Colorado
    

      • Costilla Co.
    

        • San Luis Valley
    
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
    

    • Nevada
    

      • Churchill Co.
    

        • Soda Lake District
    
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    



Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 231; NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    



NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    


      • Humboldt Co.
    
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    


      • Mineral Co.
    
    		USBM Inf Circ 6941 (1938) 
    

    • Oregon
    

      • Lake Co.
    
    		Am.Min.54:1034
    

    • Washington
    

      • Grant Co.
    

        • Soap Lake
    
    		Bennett, W. A. G. (1962), Saline Lake Deposits in Washington, Bulletin 49, State of Washington Division of Mines and Geology.
    



        • Warden
    
    		W. A. G. Bennett, 1962, Bulletin 49, State of Washington Division of Mines and Geology
    

www.dnr.wa.gov/geology/okanogan.htm.
    

    • Wyoming
    

      • Sweetwater Co.
    
    		MILTON, C. (1977): Mineralogy of the Green River Formation. Mineralogical Record 8, 368-379.
    Mars
     
    

    • Aeolis quadrangle
    

      • Gusev Crater
    
    		SILICA-RICH DEPOSITS AND HYDRATED MINERALS AT GUSEV CRATER, MARS. M. S. Rice1, J. F.
    

    

    

    

    

    


    

    

    
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