Norsethite
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Formula:
BaMg(CO3)2
Colour:
Colorless, cloudy white
Lustre:
Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Waxy, Pearly
Hardness:
3½
Specific Gravity:
3.84
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Member of:
Name:
Named in 1959 by Mary Emma Mrose, E. C. T. Chao, Joseph James Fahey, and Charles Milton in honor of Keith Norseth (1927–1991), geologist for the Westvaco Mine, west of Green River, Wyoming, USA.
Isostructural with:
Classification of Norsethite
Approved
5/B.03-50
5.AB.30
5 : CARBONATES (NITRATES)
A : Carbonates without additional anions, without H2O
B : Alkali-earth (and other M2+) carbonates
5 : CARBONATES (NITRATES)
A : Carbonates without additional anions, without H2O
B : Alkali-earth (and other M2+) carbonates
14.2.2.1
14 : ANHYDROUS NORMAL CARBONATES
2 : AB(XO3)2
14 : ANHYDROUS NORMAL CARBONATES
2 : AB(XO3)2
11.5.3
11 : Carbonates
5 : Carbonates of Sr and Ba
11 : Carbonates
5 : Carbonates of Sr and Ba
Physical Properties of Norsethite
Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Waxy, Pearly
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Colorless, cloudy white
Streak:
White
Hardness:
3½ on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Very Good
{1011}
{1011}
Fracture:
Hackly
Density:
3.84 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.84 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Norsethite
Type:
Uniaxial (-)
RI values:
nω = 1.694 nε = 1.519
Birefringence:
0.025
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.175
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Pleochroism:
Non-pleochroic
Chemical Properties of Norsethite
Formula:
BaMg(CO3)2
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Norsethite
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Class (H-M):
3 2 - Trapezohedral
Space Group:
R3 2
Cell Parameters:
a = 5.02 Å, c = 16.75 Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 3.337
Unit Cell V:
365.56 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
3
Morphology:
Usually tabular plates with large (0001), rarely Rhombohedral with (0001), {1011}, {1010}, and {1120}
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 5.584 | (25) |
| 4.21 | (30) |
| 3.86 | (35) |
| 3.02 | (100) |
| 2.66 | (35) |
| 2.51 | (35) |
| 2.10 | (35) |
| 1.931 | (35) |
| 1.864 | (35) |
Comments:
ICDD 12-530
Type Occurrence of Norsethite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Flat tablets to 0.2-2.0 mm, rarely rhombohedra
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Black shale in Bentonite-hosted alkali mineral deposit
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Other Language Names for Norsethite
Relationship of Norsethite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
| Ankerite | Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
| Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
| Kutnohorite | Ca(Mn,Mg,Fe)(CO3)2 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
| Minrecordite | CaZn(CO3)2 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping
| 5.AB.05 | Calcite | CaCO3 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3c |
| 5.AB.05 | Gaspéite | Ni(CO3) | Hex. |
| 5.AB.05 | Magnesite | MgCO3 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3c |
| 5.AB.05 | Otavite | CdCO3 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) |
| 5.AB.05 | Rhodochrosite | MnCO3 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3c |
| 5.AB.05 | Siderite | FeCO3 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3c |
| 5.AB.05 | Smithsonite | ZnCO3 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3c |
| 5.AB.05 | Spherocobaltite | CoCO3 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3c |
| 5.AB.10 | Ankerite | Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
| 5.AB.10 | Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
| 5.AB.10 | Kutnohorite | Ca(Mn,Mg,Fe)(CO3)2 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
| 5.AB.10 | Minrecordite | CaZn(CO3)2 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
| 5.AB.15 | Aragonite | CaCO3 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
| 5.AB.15 | Cerussite | PbCO3 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
| 5.AB.15 | Strontianite | SrCO3 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
| 5.AB.15 | Witherite | BaCO3 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
| 5.AB.20 | Vaterite | CaCO3 | Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc |
| 5.AB.25 | Huntite | CaMg3(CO3)4 | Trig. 3 2 : R3 2 |
| 5.AB.35 | Alstonite | BaCa(CO3)2 | Tric. |
| 5.AB.40 | Olekminskite | Sr(Sr,Ca,Ba)(CO3)2 | Trig. |
| 5.AB.40 | Paralstonite | BaCa(CO3)2 | Trig. |
| 5.AB.45 | Barytocalcite | BaCa(CO3)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
| 5.AB.50 | Carbocernaite | (Ca,Na)(Sr,Ce,Ba)(CO3)2 | Orth. mm2 |
| 5.AB.55 | Benstonite | Ba6Ca6Mg(CO3)13 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
| 5.AB.60 | Juangodoyite | Na2Cu(CO3)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
Related Minerals - Dana Grouping (8th Ed.)
| 14.2.2.2 | Paralstonite | BaCa(CO3)2 | Trig. |
| 14.2.2.3 | Olekminskite | Sr(Sr,Ca,Ba)(CO3)2 | Trig. |
Related Minerals - Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals Grouping
| 11.5.1 | Strontianite | SrCO3 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
| 11.5.2 | Witherite | BaCO3 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
| 11.5.4 | Alstonite | BaCa(CO3)2 | Tric. |
| 11.5.5 | Paralstonite | BaCa(CO3)2 | Trig. |
| 11.5.6 | Barytocalcite | BaCa(CO3)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
| 11.5.7 | Benstonite | Ba6Ca6Mg(CO3)13 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
Fluorescence of Norsethite
Not fluorescent
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
References for Norsethite
Reference List:
Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)
Mrose M E, Chao E C T, Fahey J J, Milton C (1961) Norsethite, BaMg(CO3)2, a new mineral from the Green River formation, Wyoming. American Mineralogist 46, 420-429
Lippmann F (1967) Die kristallstruktur des norsethit, BaMg(CO3)2, im vergleich zum dolomit, CaMg(CO3)2. Naturwissenschaften 54, 514-514
Effenberger H, Zemann J (1985) Single crystal X-Ray investigation of norsethite, BaMg(CO3)2: one more mineral with an aplanar carbonate group. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie (1985): 171: 275-280.
Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte (1999): 87.
Effenberger, H., Pippinger, T., Libowitzky, E., Lengauer, C. L., & Miletich, R. (2014). Synthetic norsethite, BaMg (CO3) 2: revised crystal structure, thermal behaviour and displacive phase transition. Mineralogical Magazine, 78(7), 1589-1611.
Internet Links for Norsethite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-2934.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
Localities for Norsethite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Brazil | |
| Traversa, G., Gomes, C. B., Brotzu, P., Buraglini, N., Morbidelli, L., Principato, M. S., ... & Ruberti, E. (2001). Petrography and mineral chemistry of carbonatites and mica-rich rocks from the Araxá complex (Alto Paranaíba Province, Brazil). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 73(1), 71-98.; Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., and Orris, G.J., 2009, Carbonatites of the world, explored deposits of Nb and REE; database and grade and tonnage models: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1139, 17 p. and database. |
| Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., and Orris, G.J. (2009): USGS Open-File Report 09-1139 |
| Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., and Orris, G.J. (2009): USGS Open-File Report 09-1139; Costanzo, A., Moore, K. R., Wall, F., & Feely, M. (2006). Fluid inclusions in apatite from Jacupiranga calcite carbonatites: evidence for a fluid-stratified carbonatite magma chamber. Lithos, 91(1), 208-228. |
| |
Bulgaria | |
| Zidarov, N. et al. (2009): Mn-rich norsethite from the Kremkovtsi ore deposit, Bulgaria. N. Jahrb. Mineral. Abhandlungen 186, 321-331. |
Canada | |
| Scott, J. D., & Peatfield, G. R. (1986). Mannardite [Ba.H2O](Ti6V3+2)O16, a new mineral species, and new data on redledgeite. Canadian Mineralogist, 24, 55-66. |
| Sharygin, I. S., Golovin, A. V., Korsakov, A. V., & Pokhilenko, N. P. (2013). Eitelite in sheared peridotite xenoliths from Udachnaya-East kimberlite pipe (Russia)–a new locality and host rock type. European Journal of Mineralogy, 25(5), 825-834. |
| Platt & Wooley (1990) |
| Econ Geol (1985) 80:1257-1276 |
| Econ Geol (1989)84:841-856 | |
China | |
| Miyawaki R, Shimazaki H, Shigeoka M, Yokoyama K, Matsubara S, Yurimoto H (2011) Yangzhumingite, KMg2.5Si4O10F2, a new mineral in the mica group from Bayan Obo, Inner Mongolia, China. European Journal of Mineralogy 23, 467-473 |
| Youbin Liang, Zhonglong Xu, and Zhiyin Hu (1981): Geology and Prospecting 17(9), 29-33 | |
| Zhongcheng Wang (1996), In: Zhonghe Pang, Jindong Zhang, and Jianhong Sun (eds.): Advances in Solid Earth Sciences. Science Press (Beijing), 202-209 |
Czech Republic | |
| Zimák, J.: Norsethit z ložiska Zlaté Hory - východ. Minerál, 1998, roč. 6, č. 3, s. 204 - 205 |
Germany | |
| S. Weiß: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990 |
| Schnorrer, G., Stahlmann, W., Mollenkamp, A. (2001): Sekundärmineralisation in den Hochofenschlacken des Hüttenwerkes in Georgsmarienhütte, heutige Georgsmarienhütte GmbH. Aufschluss 52, 99-108. |
Namibia | |
| Econ Geol (1985) 80:1257-1276 |
New Zealand | |
| Mineralogical Magazine 1996 60 : 473-482 |
| Mineralogical Magazine 1996 60 : 473-482 | |
| Mineralogical Magazine 1996 60 : 473-482 |
| A. F Cooper (1971) Carbonatites and Fenitization Associated with a Lamprophyric Dike-Swarm Intrusive into Schists of the New Zealand Geosyncline. GSA Bulletin 82:1327-1340 |
Romania | |
| Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 40, pp. 1693-1703 (2002) |
| Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 40, pp. 1693-1703 (2002) |
Russia | |
| Koneva A.A., Konev A.A., Vladykin N.V. (2010) Vein complex of the Biraya carbonatite deposit. in Abstracts of XXVII International conference School «Geochemistry of Alkaline rocks». – Moscow-Koktebel’. pp. 240 pp. |
| Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data | |
| Sharygin, I. S., Golovin, A. V., Korsakov, A. V., & Pokhilenko, N. P. (2013). Eitelite in sheared peridotite xenoliths from Udachnaya-East kimberlite pipe (Russia)–a new locality and host rock type. European Journal of Mineralogy, 25(5), 825-834. |
| http://maurice.strahlen.org/kola/kovdor.htm; Yakovenchuk V N, Ivanyuk G Y, Mikhailova Y A, Selivanova E A, Krivovichev S V (2006) Pakhomovskyite, Co3(PO4)2·8H2O, a new mineral species from Kovdor, Kola Peninsula, Russia, The Canadian Mineralogist 44, 117-123 |
| New Data on Minerals (2004): 39: 50-64 |
Sweden | |
| Nysten, P., Holtstam, D. and Jonsson, E. (1999) The Långban minerals. In Långban - The mines,their minerals, geology and explorers (D. Holtstam and J. Langhof, eds.), Swedish Museum of Natural History and Raster Förlag, Stockholm & Chr. Weise Verlag, Munich, pp. 89-183. |
USA | |
| Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels |
| Am Min 46:420-429 |
Kremikovtsi, Sofiya Oblast, Bulgaria