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Palygorskite

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Palygorskite, etc.

Milltown Quarry, Milltown, Ashover, Derbyshire, England, UK
Palygorskite, etc.

Metaline Falls, Metaline District, Pend Oreille Co., Washington, USA
Palygorskite

Tilly Foster Iron Mine, Brewster, Town of Southeast, Putnam Co., New York, USA
Palygorskite, etc.

Milltown Quarry, Milltown, Ashover, Derbyshire, England, UK
Palygorskite, etc.

Metaline Falls, Metaline District, Pend Oreille Co., Washington, USA
Palygorskite

Tilly Foster Iron Mine, Brewster, Town of Southeast, Putnam Co., New York, USA
Palygorskite, etc.

Milltown Quarry, Milltown, Ashover, Derbyshire, England, UK
Palygorskite, etc.

Metaline Falls, Metaline District, Pend Oreille Co., Washington, USA
Formula:
(Mg,Al)5(Si,Al)8O20(OH)2 · 8H2O
Colour:
White. grayish, yellowish, gray-green
Lustre:
Waxy, Earthy
Hardness:
2 - 2½
Specific Gravity:
1 - 2.6
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
For the type locality Palygorskaya, Russia.
May be confused with sepiolite.

Results of García-Romero & Suárez (2010) indicate that no compositional gap exists between sepiolite and palygorskite.


Hide all sections | Show all sections

Classification of PalygorskiteHide

IMA status:
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
Strunz 8th ed.:
8/H.33-20
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) ed.:
9.EE.20

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
E : Phyllosilicates
E : Single tetrahedral nets of 6-membered rings connected by octahedral nets or octahedral bands
Dana 8th ed.:
74.3.1a.1

74 : PHYLLOSILICATES Modulated Layers
3 : Modulated Layers with joined strips
Hey's CIM Ref.:
16.7.6

16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
7 : Aluminosilicates of Mg

Pronounciation of PalygorskiteHide

Pronounciation:
PlayRecorded byCountry
Jolyon & Katya RalphUnited Kingdom

Physical Properties of PalygorskiteHide

Lustre:
Waxy, Earthy
Transparency:
Translucent
Colour:
White. grayish, yellowish, gray-green
Hardness:
2 - 2½ on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
Good on {110}
Comment:
Tough
Density:
1 - 2.6 g/cm3 (Measured)    2.35 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of PalygorskiteHide

Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.522 - 1.528 nβ = 1.530 - 1.546 nγ = 1.533 - 1.548
2V:
Measured: 30° to 61°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.011 - 0.020
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Low
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
X= pale yellow
Y=Z= pale yellow-green

Chemical Properties of PalygorskiteHide

Formula:
(Mg,Al)5(Si,Al)8O20(OH)2 · 8H2O
IMA Formula:
(Mg,Al)2Si4O10(OH) · 4H2O
Elements listed:
Al, H, Mg, O, Si - search for minerals with similar chemistry
Common Impurities:
Fe,K

Crystallography of PalygorskiteHide

Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
B2/m
Cell Parameters:
a = 12.78 Å, b = 17.86 Å, c = 5.24 Å
β = 95.78°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.716 : 1 : 0.293
Unit Cell V:
1,189.95 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Commonly fibrous, tangled mats known as mountain leather. Individual, small crystals are lath-shaped.

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
10.44 (100)
6.36 (13)
4.466 (20)
4.262 (22)
3.679 (15)
3.096 (16)
2.539 (20)

Type Occurrence of PalygorskiteHide

Synonyms of PalygorskiteHide

Other Language Names for PalygorskiteHide

Relationship of Palygorskite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:
Palygorskite Group
Other Members of this group:
TuperssuatsiaiteNa2Fe3Si8O20(OH)2 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : B2/m
Unnamed (Na-Ca-Fe-Silicate-Hydrate)NaCa(Fe2+,Al,Mn)5[Si8O19(OH)](OH)7 · 5H2OTric. 1 : P1
WindhoekiteCa2Fe3+2.67[Si8O20](OH)4 · 10H2O Mon. 2/m : B2/m
YofortieriteMn5Si8O20(OH)2 · 8-9H2OMon. 2/m : B2/m

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
Calcite40 photos of Palygorskite associated with Calcite on mindat.org.
Quartz5 photos of Palygorskite associated with Quartz on mindat.org.
Mimetite4 photos of Palygorskite associated with Mimetite on mindat.org.
Dolomite3 photos of Palygorskite associated with Dolomite on mindat.org.
Epidote2 photos of Palygorskite associated with Epidote on mindat.org.
Axinite-(Fe)1 photo of Palygorskite associated with Axinite-(Fe) on mindat.org.
Actinolite1 photo of Palygorskite associated with Actinolite on mindat.org.
Albite1 photo of Palygorskite associated with Albite on mindat.org.
Stilbite1 photo of Palygorskite associated with Stilbite on mindat.org.
Galena1 photo of Palygorskite associated with Galena on mindat.org.

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz GroupingHide

9.EE.05BementiteMn7Si6O15(OH)8Mon.
9.EE.10BrokenhilliteMn8Si6O15(OH)10Hex. 6mm : P63mc
9.EE.10Pyrosmalite-(Fe)Fe2+8Si6O15(OH,Cl)10Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3m1
9.EE.10FriedeliteMn2+8Si6O15(OH,Cl)10Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EE.10Pyrosmalite-(Mn)Mn2+8Si6O15(OH,Cl)10Trig.
9.EE.10Mcgillite(Mn,Fe)8Si6O15(OH)8Cl2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EE.15Nelenite(Mn,Fe)16(Si12O30)(OH)14[As3+3O6(OH)3]Mon.
9.EE.15SchalleriteMn2+16As3Si12O36(OH)17Trig. 3m : P3m1
9.EE.20TuperssuatsiaiteNa2Fe3Si8O20(OH)2 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EE.20YofortieriteMn5Si8O20(OH)2 · 8-9H2OMon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EE.20WindhoekiteCa2Fe3+2.67[Si8O20](OH)4 · 10H2O Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EE.25Falcondoite(Ni,Mg)4Si6O15(OH)2 · 6H2OOrth.
9.EE.25LoughliniteNa2Mg3Si6O16 · 8H2OOrth.
9.EE.25SepioliteMg4(Si6O15)(OH)2 · 6H2OOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnna
9.EE.25Kalifersite(K,Na)5Fe3+7Si20O50(OH)6 · 12H2OTric.
9.EE.30GyroliteNaCa16Si23AlO60(OH)8 · 14H2OTric.
9.EE.30OrlymaniteCa4Mn3Si8O20(OH)6 · 2H2OHex.
9.EE.30TungusiteCa4Fe2Si6O15(OH)6
9.EE.35Reyerite(Na,K)2Ca14(Si,Al)24O58(OH)8 · 6H2OTrig.
9.EE.35Truscottite(Ca,Mn)14Si24O58(OH)8 · 2H2OTrig.
9.EE.40NatrosiliteNa2Si2O5Mon.
9.EE.45MakatiteNa2Si4O8(OH)2 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
9.EE.50VarennesiteNa8Mn2Si10O25(OH,Cl)2 · 12H2OOrth.
9.EE.55RaiteNa4Mn2+3Ti0.25Si8O20(OH)2 · 10H2OOrth. 2 2 2 : C2 2 2
9.EE.60IntersiliteNa6Mn2+Ti[Si10O24(OH)](OH)3 · 4H2OMon.
9.EE.65Shafranovskite(Na,K)6(Mn,Fe)3Si9O24 · 6H2OTrig.
9.EE.65ZakharoviteNa4Mn5Si10O24(OH)6 · 6H2OTrig.
9.EE.70ZeophylliteCa13Si10O28(OH)2F8 · 6H2OTrig. 3 : R3
9.EE.75Minehillite(K,Na)2-3Ca28Zn4Al4Si40O112(OH)16Hex.
9.EE.80Fedorite(Na,K)2-3(Ca4Na3)Si16O38(OH,F)2 · 3.5H2OTric. 1 : P1
9.EE.80Martinite(Na,◻,Ca)12Ca4(Si,S,B)14B2O38(OH,Cl)2F2·4H2OTric. 1 : P1
9.EE.85Lalondeite(Na,Ca)6(Ca,Na)3Si16O38(F,OH)2·3H2OTric. 1 : P1

Related Minerals - Dana Grouping (8th Ed.)Hide

74.3.1a.2TuperssuatsiaiteNa2Fe3Si8O20(OH)2 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : B2/m
74.3.1a.3YofortieriteMn5Si8O20(OH)2 · 8-9H2OMon. 2/m : B2/m

Related Minerals - Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals GroupingHide

16.7.1PyropeMg3Al2(SiO4)3Iso.
16.7.2SapphirineMg4(Mg3Al9)O4[Si3Al9O36]Mon. 2/m : P21/b
16.7.3Sapphirine-1A(Mg,Al,Fe2+)8[(Al,Si,Fe3+)6O18]O2Tric. 1 : P1
16.7.4MagnesiochloritoidMgAl2(SiO4)O(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/b
16.7.5KulkeiteMg8Al(AlSi7O20)(OH)10Mon.
16.7.7SaponiteCa0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2OMon.
16.7.8AliettiteCa0.2Mg6((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)4 · 4H2OMon.
16.7.9Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2OMon. 2/m : B2/m
16.7.10Baumite(Mg,Al,Mn,Zn,Fe)3(Si,Al)2O5(OH)4

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for PalygorskiteHide

Reference List:
Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)
von Ssaftschenkow, T. (1862) Paligorskit. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlichen Gesellschaft für die Gesammte Mineralogie zu St. Petersburg 1862: 102-104.
Huggins, C.W., Denny, M.V., Shell, H.R. (1962) Properties of palygorskite, an asbestiform mineral: US Bureau of Mines, Report of Investigaton 6071: 17pp.
Van Olphen, H. (1966) Maya Blue: A clay-organic pigment? Science: 154: 3749: 645–646.
Christ, C.L., Hathaway, J.C., Hostetler, P.B., Shepard, A.O. (1969) Palygorskite: new X-ray data. Amererican Mineralogist: 54: 198-205.
Serna, C., VanScoyoc, G.E., Ahlrichs, J.L. (1977) Hydroxyl groups and water in palygorskite. American Mineralogist: 62: 784-792.
Permskiye gubernskiye vedomosti (Perm District Gazette): 26: 127.
Smith, D.G.W., Norem, D. (1986) The electron-microprobe analysis of palygorskite. The Canadian Mineralogist: 24: 499-511.
Smith, D.G.W., Norem, D. (1986) The electron-microprobe analysis of palygorskite: addendum. The Canadian Mineralogist: 24: 791-791.
Chisholm, J.E. (1990) An X-ray powder-diffraction study of palygorskite. The Canadian Mineralogist: 28: 329-339.
Chisholm, J.E. (1992) Powder-diffraction patterns and structural models for palygorskite. The Canadian Mineralogist: 30: 61-73.
(1994) Minerals Science Forum: 166: 647-652.
McKeown, D.A., Post, J.E., Etz, E.S. (2002) Vibrational analysis of palygorskite and sepiolite. Clays and Clay Minerals: 50: 667-680.
Guistetto, R., Chiari G, (2004) Crystal structure refinement of palygorskite from neutron powder diffraction. European Journal of Mineralogy: 16: 521-532.
Post, J.E., Heaney, P.J. (2008) Synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction study of
the structure and dehydration behavior of palygorskite. American Mineralogist: 93: 667–675.
Chryssikos, G.D., Gionis, V., Kacandes, G.H., Stathopoulou, E.T., Suárez, M., García-Romero, E., Sánchez del Rio, M. (2009) Octahedral cation distribution in palygorskite. American Mineralogist: 94: 200-203.
Nasedkin, V.V., Boeva, N.M., Garbuzova, I.A., Kovalchuk, M.V., Vasiliev, A.L. (2009) The crystal structure and chemistry of several palygorskite samples with different geneses. Crystallography Reports: 54: 884-900.
García-Romero, E., Suárez, M. (2010) On the chemical composition of sepiolite and palygorskite. Clays and Clay Minerals: 58: 1-20.

Internet Links for PalygorskiteHide

Localities for PalygorskiteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (eg from pseudomorphs.)

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia
 
  • New South Wales
    • Yancowinna Co.
Birch BH Book
  • Queensland
[MinRec 19 p469-490 - "Sielecki, R: The Mount Isa-Cloncurry mineral field"]
      • Selwyn District
Costas Constantinides collection, Australian museum id
    • Mount Isa City Shire
      • Mount Isa
Sielecki, R. (1988) The Mount Isa-Cloncurry mineral field. Mineralogical Record, Vol. 19, pg. 469-490.
Costas Constantinides pers comm
  • South Australia
    • Central North
http://notesmi.altarum.org/Conf/gtp.nsf/0/50dede6fd33614d28525651d0063a53f?OpenDocument.
  • Tasmania
    • Central Highlands municipality
      • Tarraleah
M Latham, collection
    • Waratah-Wynyard municipality
      • Heazlewood district
Anderson, P., Bottrill, R. & Davidson, P. (2002): Famous mineral localities: The Lord Brassey mine, Tasmania. Mineralogical Record 33, 321-332
      • Waratah district
        • Waratah
Bottrill, unpub.
  • Victoria
    • South Gippsland Shire
      • Waratah Bay
  • Western Australia
    • Leonora Shire
      • Eulaminna (Murrin Murrin mining centre)
http://mrdate.usgs.gov/laterite/show-laterite.php?rec_id=8
      • Linden Goldfield
Graham, J.L. (2003), Red October Gold Deposit, CRC LEME, 2003
Austria
 
  • Carinthia
    • Friesach - Hüttenberg area
      • Hüttenberg
G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
    • Gailtaler Alpen & Karnische Alpen
      • Arnoldstein
        • Villacher Alpe (Dobratsch massif)
G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
      • Bleiberg District
G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
Martin Rich collection
A.Pichler (2012)
      • Nötsch im Gailtal
Brandstätter, F., Kolitsch, U., Niedermayr, G., Prasnik, H., Seemann, R. & Walter, F. (2011): 1677) Baryt, Bornit, Brochantit, Chalkopyrit, Chalkosin, Chrysokoll, Galenit, Palygorskit, Pyrobitumen, Tetraedrit und Volborthit aus dem Steinbruch „Jakomini“, nördlich Nötsch. Pp. 142-145 in Niedermayr, G. et al. (2011): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich LX. Carinthia II, 201./121., 135-186.
    • Hohe Tauern
      • Goldberg group
        • Kleine Fleiß valley
          • Alter Pocher Inn
G. Niedermayr: Carinthia II 191./111.:160 (2001)
    • Karawanken
      • Rosenbach
        • Frauenkogel area
          • Ardeschitzagraben (Ardeschitzengraben)
Natural History Museum Vienna collection
G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
    • Koralpe
      • Kamp
G. Niedermayr: Carinthia II 180./100.:247-248 (1990)
      • Twimberg
G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
    • Packalpe
      • Bad St Leonhard
    • Saualpe
      • Trixen
        • Terpetzen
G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
    • Villach
      • Afritz Mts
        • Oswaldiberg
G.Indra coll., Klagenfurt
    • Völkermarkt
      • Griffen
        • St Kollmann
          • Haberberg
G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
  • Lower Austria
    • Waldviertel
      • Brunn an der Wild
        • Atzelsdorf
Pristacz, H., jun., Kolitsch, U., Löffler, E., Knobloch, G., Prayer, A. & Thinschmidt, A. (2011): 1696) Calcit, Natrojarosit, Palygorskit, Pyrit, Siderit und andere Mineralien aus dem Marmorbruch Atzelsdorf, Brunn an der Wild, Waldviertel. Pp. 160-161 in Niedermayr, G. et al. (2011): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich LX. Carinthia II, 201./121., 135-186.
      • Klein-Pöchlarn
        • Ebersdorf (Lehen-Ebersdorf)
peter neschen collection
  • Salzburg
    • Hohe Tauern
      • Krimmler Ache valley
        • Jaidbachspitze - Gamsspitzl area
A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989)
      • Obersulzbach valley
        • Seebach valley
          • Seebach lake
A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989)
    • Lungau
      • Ramingstein
        • Tschellagraben
A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989)
  • Styria
    • Bruck an der Mur
      • Laming valley
        • Oberdorf an der Laming
R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
Gerald Gesselbauer (2010)
    • Köflach
      • Voitsberg
        • Kainach bei Voitsberg
          • Gallmannsegg
Postl, W. & Moser, B. (1988): Mineralogische Notizen aus der Steiermark. Mitt. Abt. Miner. Landesmuseum Joanneum, 56, 5-47.
    • Leoben
      • Galgenberg
Annalen 1999, p.11-22
    • Mitterdorf
      • Veitsch
        • Sattlerkogel
Aufschluss 1972(SB), 48-50; Gerald Gesselbauer (06.2010)
    • Neuberg an der Mürz
      • Arzbach (Arzbachleiten)
Hackenberg 2003
    • Niedere Tauern
      • Hohentauern
        • Sunk
peter neschen collection
  • Upper Austria
    • Mühlviertel
      • Perg
R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993); - Erich Reiter, in: Die Mineralvorkommen Oberösterreichs anhand ihrer Literatur. 2. Ausgewählte Fundorte und Vorkommen. Eigenverlag, (1999), Druck: Compact Druck, Pucking bei Linz, ISBN 3 - 9501130 - 0 - 2. Seite 24.
  • Vorarlberg
    • Bregenzerwald
      • Schoppernau
Niedermayr, G. & Walter, F. (2011): 1683) Strontianit, Fluorit, Palygorskit und andere Mineralien aus dem Bereich von Rehmen und Schoppernau im Bregenzer Wald, Vorarlberg Pp. 150-151 in Niedermayr et al. (2011): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich LX. Carinthia II, 201./121., 135-186.
Bulgaria
 
  • Burgas Oblast (Bourgas Oblast)
    • Sozopol Obshtina
  • Pazardzhik Oblast (Pazardjik Oblast)
    • Panagyurishte (Panagurishte) Obshtina
      • Panagyurishte
Petko Popov, Strashimir Strashimirov, Kamen Popov, Milko Kanazirski, Kamen Bogdanov, Radi Radichev, Stefan Dimovski, Stanislav Stoykov (2012) Geology and Metallogeny of the Panagurishte Ore Region. pp192-227
  • Smolyan Oblast
    • Rhodope Mts
[MinRec 22 p.439]
  • Vratsa Oblast (Vratza)
    • Balkan Mts (Stara Planina)
ATANASSOVA, S. THE PRESERVED MINERAL DIVERSITY OF SEDMOCHISLENITSI DEPOSIT, VRATSA ORE REGION.
Canada
 
  • British Columbia
    • Golden Mining Division
      • Brisco
Canadian Mineralogist Vol.24, pp. 791 (1986)
      • Field
Canadian Mineralogist Vol.24, pp. 791 (1986)
      • Radium Hot Springs
GJ Simandl, KD Hancock (1991) Geology of the Mount Brussilof Magnesite Deposit, Southeastern British Columbia (82J/12, 13). British Columbia Geological Survey Paper 1991-I pp 269-278; Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 2167
    • Liard Mining Division
Canadian Mineralogist Vol.24, pp. 791 (1986)
    • Nanaimo Mining Division
Canadian Mineralogist Vol.24, pp. 791 (1986)
      • Vancouver Island
        • Port McNeill
Jim McKinnon collection
  • Nova Scotia
Tanner, L.H. (1994) "Distribution and origin of clay minerals in the Lower Jurrasic McCoy Brook Formation, Minas Basin, Nova Scotia", Sedimentary Geology, 92, 229-239.
  • Ontario
    • Hastings Co.
      • Marmora Township
Maggie Wilson
  • Québec
    • Estrie
      • Les Sources RCM
        • Asbestos
Horváth & Spertini (2008 & 2009)
  • Yukon
    • Whitehorse Mining District
McDonald, B.W.D., 1990. Geology and Genesis of the Mount Skukum Epithermal Gold-Silver Deposits, Southwestern Yukon (NTS 105 D/3, 6). Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, Exploration and Geological Services, Bulletin 2, 65 p.
Chile
 
  • Atacama Region
    • Copiapó Province
American Mineralogist, Volume 94, pages 609–615, 2009
Harvard University specimen
China
 
  • Anhui Province
    • Chuzhou Prefecture
      • Mingguang Co. (Jiashan Co.)
Changgen Liu and Keqin Cai (1993): Acta Mineralogica Sinica 13(1), 92-96; Yanhua Wang and Hanzhu Wang (1998): Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology 18(4), 7-11
      • Quanjiao Co.
Pan Fang, Fahui Pan, and Qichai He (1981): Acta Mineralogica Sinica 3(1), 73-77; Ruishi Yang and Wenguang Li (2001): Geology of Chemical Minerals 23(1), 25-30
  • Gansu Province
    • Linxia Autonomous Prefecture
      • Linxia Co.
Hong, H.L., Yu, N., Xiao, P., Zhu, Y.H., Zhang, K.X., and Xiang, S.Y. (2007): Clay Minerals 42(1), 45-58
  • Guizhou Province
    • Bijie Prefecture
      • Dafang Co.
Takabumi, S., Takatsugu, U., Mayumi, J., and Takao, A. (2006): Nendo Kagaku 45(3), 200-210.
  • Hong Kong
    • New Territories
      • Sha Tin District
        • Ma On Mountain (Ma On Shan)
McQueen, K. G., & Cross, A. J. (1995). The Composition of Magnetite from the Ma On Shan Magnetite Skarn, Hong Kong. Hong Kong Geologist, 1, 49-51.
  • Hunan Province
    • Changsha Prefecture
      • Liuyang Co.
        • Yonghe
Wenguang Li (1997): Jilin Geology 16(4), 22-25
  • Jiangsu Province
    • Huai'an Prefecture
      • Xuyi Co.
Tianhu Chen, Xiaochun Xu, Shucang Yue, and Jinzhong Li (2002): Geology and Prospecting 38(2), 49-54; Tianhu Chen, Huifang Xu, Anhuai Lu, Shuchuan Peng, and Shucang Yue (2004): Science in China, Series D (Earth Sciences), 47(11), 985-1004
Wenguang Li (1997): Jilin Geology 16(4), 22-25; Ruishi Yang and Wenguang Li (2001): Geology of Chemical Minerals 23(1), 25-30
  • Jiangxi Province
    • Jingdezhen Prefecture
      • Leping Co.
Wenguang Li (1997): Jilin Geology 16(4), 22-25
  • Tibet Autonomous Region
    • Nagchu Prefecture (Naqu Prefecture)
      • Shuanghu Co.
Chang Xu (1985): Scientia Geologica Sinica 1(1), 87-96
Czech Republic
 
  • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
    • Central Bohemia Region
      • Čáslav (Tschaslau)
Litochleb, J.: Markovice a Horky u Čáslavi – klasické lokality zeolitů v alpských žilách. Minerál, 1996, roč. 4, č. 2, s. 98-100.
      • Dobříš (Doberschisch)
        • Nový Knín
Jiri Sejkora (2009) Journal of Geosciences, 54, #1, 73-82.
https://www.mineralienatlas.de/lexikon/index.php/Tschechien/Mittelb%F6hmen%2C%20Region%20%28Stredocesky%20kraj%29/Kuttenberg%20%28Kutn%E1%20Hora%29%2C%20Bezirk
      • Vlašim (Wlaschim)
Zemek, V.: Zlatodůl Roudný u Vlašimi. Pod Blaníkem, 5. samostatná příloha, 2001: Podblanické ekocentrum Českého svazu ochránců přírody a Muzeum okresu Benešov, 108 s.
    • Hradec Králové Region
      • Jičín (Jitschin; Gitschin)
Pauliš, P.: Nejzajímavější mineralogická naleziště Čech. Kutná Hora: Kuttna, 2000, s. 61.
    • Karlovy Vary Region
      • Krušné Hory Mts (Erzgebirge)
        • Jáchymov District (St Joachimsthal)
Lapis 2002(7/8), 63-65
    • Liberec Region
      • Jilemnice (Starkenbach)
Kunert, M.: Palygorskit ve Studenci. Minerál, 2004, roč. 12, č. 5, s. 400-401.
    • Pardubice Region
      • Nasavrky (Nassaberg)
Pauliš, P. et al.: Palygorskit se supergenními minerály olova z Křižanovic v Železných horách (Česká republika). Bulletin mineralogicko-petrografického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze, 2008, vol. 16, 2, 197-200.
    • Plzeň Region
      • Klatovy (Klattau)
Hofmanovi P. a R., Černý P.: Lom Bohdašice - mineralogie lokality. Minerál, 2009, 17, 1, 32-35.
        • Horažďovice
          • Hejná
Hofmanovi P. a R.: Mineralizace vápencového lomu na vrcholu Radvanka u Hejné. Minerál, 2010, 18, 3, 201-211.
Černý, P., Vítovec, J.: Minerály ložisek Rabí a Rabí - Lišná u Sušice. Minerál, 2001, roč. 9, č. 2, s. 139-142.
Pauliš, P.: Nejzajímavější mineralogická naleziště Čech II. Kutná Hora: Kuttna, 2003, s. 111-114; Helmut Pristacz jr. PXRD analysis 8/09
    • South Bohemia Region
      • Strakonice
Litochleb, J. et al.: Korund ze skapolitem bohaté vápenatosilikátové horniny v moldanubických mramorech u Krtů na Strakonicku. Bulletin mineralogicko-petrografického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze, 1997, roč. 4-5, s. 169-172.
Litochleb J., Sejkora J., Šrein V., Klaudy S., Cílek V., Žák K.: Hydrotermální alterace a mineralizace uranového ložiska Nahošín jz. od Blatné, Česká republika. Bulletin mineralogicko-petrografického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze, 2009, roč. 17, č. 2, s. 1-22.
        • Volyně
Zikeš J., Welser P.: Zrudněná křemenná žíla z Nihošovic. Minerál, 2011, 19, 1, 16-22.
      • Tábor (Tabor)
http://www.mineralos.cz/lokality/chynov/chynov.htm
  • Moravia (Mähren; Maehren)
    • South Moravia Region
http://pruvodce.geol.morava.sci.muni.cz/Dolni_Kounice/Dolni_Kounice_text.htm
      • Letovice (Lettowitz)
        • Olešnice
Pelíšek J.: Některé nové minerály v krystalických vápencích moravika. Časopis pro mineralogii a geologii, 1979, 24, 4, 435-346.
    • Vysočina Region
Houzar, S., Novák, M., Doležalová, H., Hrazdil, V., Pfeiferová, A.: Přehled mineralogie, petrografie a geologie nedvědických mramorů, svratecké krystalinikum. Acta Musei Moraviae, Sci. geol., 2006, roč. 91, s. 3-77.
      • Žďár nad Sázavou
Staněk, J.: Parageneze minerálů pegmatitových žil z Hatí u Dolních Borů na západní Moravě. Acta Mus. Moraviae, Sci. nat., vol. 76, pages 19-49.
Staněk, J.: Asociace minerálů významnějších pegmatitových žil v Hatích u Dolních Borů na západní Moravě. Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae naturales, 1997, roč. 82, 3-19.
Mineralienwelt 1993(1), 13
Petr Pauliš
Ecuador
 
  • Azuay Province
Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2008): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155.
Finland
 
  • Southern Finland Region
    • Nummi-Pusula
      • Palmottu Lake
Pérez del Villar, L. et al. 1997.. Structural, lithological and mineralogical analyses of Borehole R-385 (386) from the Palmottu site. Geologian Tutkimuskeskus arkistoraportti 50/97/05.
France
 
  • Occitanie
    • Ariège
      • Luzenac
Le Cahier des Micromonteurs Year 1990 N° 4
    • Lot
      • Cuzac
visual identification Michel Treillard
    • Pyrénées-Orientales
      • Arles-sur-Tech
Guitard, G. (2010): Catalogue raisonné de la collection de minéralogie régionale, C.E.R.P. de Tautavel, 65.
      • Corsavy
Chevalier Ph., Gourbeault Y., Galvier J. (1998), Le gisement de fer de Batère, Pyrénée-Orientales, France, Le Règne Minéral, n°24, pp: 5-18
      • Montferrer
Berbain, C., Favreau, G. & Aymar, J. (2005): Mines et Minéraux des Pyrénées-Orientales et des Corbières. Association Française de Microminéralogie Ed., 53-59.
  • Pays de la Loire
    • Maine-et-Loire
Alain Guillet collection
Germany
 
  • Bavaria
    • Franconia
      • Fichtelgebirge
        • Marktredwitz
          • Ziegelhütte
Lapis 34 (9) (2009) p. 6
        • Wunsiedel
          • Holenbrunn
Lapis 34 (9) (2009) p. 6
          • Sinatengrün
Lapis 34 (9) (2009) p. 6
          • Wunsiedel Marble quarries
Lapis 34 (9) (2009) p. 6
      • Maroldsweisach
Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
  • Rhineland-Palatinate
    • Eifel
      • Wittlich
        • Klausen
Marcus Voigt Collection
Greenland
 
  • Kujalleq
    • Narsaq
Soerensen, H. (2001): The Ilimaussaq alkaline complex, South Greenland: status of mineralogical research with new results, Geology of Greenland Survey Bulletin 190, GEUS; Petersen, O.V. (2001): List of all minerals identified in the Ilímaussaq alkaline complex, South Greenland. Geology of Greenland Survey Bulletin. 190, 25-33
Hungary
 
  • Heves Co.
    • Mátra Mts
      • Parádsasvár (Üveghuta)
100 mineral localities of Hungary: Kovács Viktor: Paradsasvár, a Nagylápa-fő környéki kutatótárók meddőhányói
; Szakáll - Gatter: Minerals of Hungary
Szakáll-Gatter-Jánosi: Minerals of Hungary
      • Recsk
Szakáll & Kovács,2007; Sánoor Szakáll, Mária Foldvári, Gábor Papp, Péter Kovács-pálffy, Árpád Kovács (1997) Secondary Sulphate Minerals From Hungary. Acta Mineralogica-petrographica, Szeged, Xxxviii, Supplementum, 7-63.
  • Veszprém Co.
    • Bakony Mts
      • Úrkút
        • Csárda Hill
Szakáll & Jánosi (1996) The Minerals of Hungary
Iran
 
  • Hormozgan Province
    • Qeshm Island
Michal Filippi, et al (2002) Mineralien Welt, 13, 1, 60-72.
  • Sistan and Baluchestan Province
    • Bazman Volcano
Ali Sholeh, Ebrahim Rastad, David Huston, J. Bruce Gemmell and Ryan D. Taylor (2016): The Chahnaly Low-Sulfidation Epithermal Gold Deposit, Western Makran Volcanic Arc, Southeast Iran. Economic Geology 111, 619-639.
Iraq
 
  • Western Desert
    • Wadi Al-Hussainiya
Al-Bassam, K.S., and Tamar-Agha, K.Y. (1998): Mineralium Deposita 33, 266-282.
Israel
 
  • Southern District (HaDarom District)
    • Eilat
      • Timna Valley
Bartura, Y., & Würzburger, U. (1974). The Timna copper deposit. Annales de la Société géologique de Belgique. p277-285
Italy
 
  • Emilia-Romagna
    • Parma Province
      • Taro Valley
        • Ceno Valley
          • Varano de' Melegari
Adorni, F., Battilocchi, G., Bersani, D. & Calderini, V. (2010). Le septarie dell'Appennino Parmense. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 222-241.
  • Lombardy
    • Sondrio Province
      • Valtellina
        • Malenco Valley
          • Lanterna Valley
            • Lanzada
Bedognè, F. (2006). Xonotlite della Val Lanterna, Valmalenco (SO). Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 30 (4), 254-255.
  • Piedmont
    • Cuneo Province
      • Tanaro Valley
        • Ormea
Palenzona A. (1984): Novità mineralogiche della Liguria. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 8, 3 (3-1984), 97-98; Piccoli G. C., Maletto G., Bosio P., Lombardo B. (2007): Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" di Alba, Ed., Alba, 607 pp.
    • Torino Province
      • Canavese District
        • Settimo Vittone
Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
    • Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province
      • Ossola Valley
        • Antigorio Valley
          • Devero Valley
            • Baceno
              • Devero Alp
  • Sardinia
    • Cagliari Province
      • Monastir
Conti - Vecchi, G., Stara, P., (1991) :Minerali della Sardegna.Della Torre editore.Cagliari, 276 pp.
  • Trentino-Alto Adige (Trentino-Südtirol)
    • Bolzano Province (South Tyrol)
Dan Weinrich
    • Trento Province
      • Fiemme Valley
        • Ziano di Fiemme
Folie K. (Ed.) (1984): I minerali del Trentino e dell'Alto Adige. Tappainer, Merano, 192pp.
  • Veneto
    • Vicenza Province
      • Cornedo Vicentino
        • Spagnago
Lapis, 15 (12), 27-32+50.; Boscardin M.,Daleffe A.,Rocchetti I., Zordan A. (2011) " Minerali del Vicentino - Aggiornamenti, località e nuove determinazioni " Museo di Archeologia e Scienze Naturali “G. Zannato” – Montecchio Maggiore (Vicenza), pp.183
Boscardin, M., Mietto, P., Orlandi, P., Pegoraro, S., Secco, L. (2000): I minerali del Tunnel Schio-Valdagno (Vicenza). Studi e Ricerche, Associazione Amici del Museo, Museo Civico "G. Zannato", Montecchio Maggiore, 21-32; Boscardin, M., Daleffe, A., Rocchetti, I., Zordan, A. (2011): Minerali del Vicentino - Aggiornamenti, località e nuove determinazioni. Museo di Archeologia e Scienze Naturali “G. Zannato”, Montecchio Maggiore (Vicenza), 183 pp.; Zordan, A. (2014): Provincia di Vicenza. In: Zorzi, F., Boscardin, M., (eds.), Minerali del Veneto. Alla scoperta dei tesori della nostra regione. Museo di Storia Naturale e Archeologia di Montebelluna - Treviso, Cierre Edizioni, Sommacampagna, 173-246.
Japan
 
  • Honshu Island
    • Chubu Region
      • Gifu Prefecture
        • Hida City
          • Kamioka mine
Hattori, N., Minato, H., & Watanabe, T. (1967). Palygorskite from Tochibora, the Kamioka mine Jour. Geol. Soc. Jap, 73, 85.
    • Kanto Region
      • Tochigi Prefecture
        • Utsunomiya
Dr. Kameki Kinoshita collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan); Dr. Kameki Kinoshita collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
    • Kinki Region
      • Kyoto Prefecture
        • Kameoka City
Masutomi Museum specimen (Kyoto)
Masutomi Museum specimens (Kyoto)
    • Tohoku Region
      • Iwate Prefecture
        • Kamaishi City
Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated by the Geological Survey of Japan)
  • Kyushu Region
    • Fukuoka prefecture
Okamoto & Tanaka (1958) Mem. Fac. Sci., Kyushu University, Ser. D, 8, 19-23.
    • Nansei Archipelago
      • Okinawa Prefecture
        • Okinawa Island
National Science Museum, Tokyo, displayed specimen #386.
Kazakhstan
 
  • Karagandy Province (Qaragandy Oblysy; Karaganda Oblast')
    • Betpakdala Desert (Bet-Pak-Dal Desert)
Jeremolenko, V. (2002): Kara-Oba: Mineralogische Perle der Betpak-Ebene bei Dzhambul, Kasachstan. Lapis 27 (4), 13-34 + 50
Kyrgyzstan
 
  • Issyk-Kul'skaya Oblast
Terra Nostra 2001/2: 3
Madagascar
 
  • Antananarivo Province
    • Vakinankaratra Region
      • Sahatany Pegmatite Field (Mt Ibity area)
        • Sahatany Valley
Lacroix, A. (1912): Sur quelques minéraux des pegmatites du Vakinankaratra (Madagascar). Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie, Paris 35 , 76-84
  • Tuléar Province (Toliara)
    • Southwestern Region
      • Betioky District
Behier, J. (1960): Travaux mineralogiques. In Besaire, H. (ed): Rapport Annuel du Service Geologique pour 1960. Republique Madagascar, Tananarive. 181-199
Mexico
 
  • Chihuahua
    • Mun. de Saucillo
      • Naica
Querol, F., 1986 Internal Penoles Mineralogical Report
  • Zacatecas
    • Mun. de Concepción del Oro
      • Bonanza
Panczner (1987): 292.
Morocco
 
  • Fès-Meknès Region
    • Boulemane Province
MINERALOGICAL AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION OF Mg-SMECTITE FROM JBEL GHASSOUL, MOROCCO, A. Benhammou, B. Tanouti, L. Nibou, A. Yaacoubi and J.-P. Bonnet; Clays and Clay Minerals; v. 57 p. 264 (2009). ANALYSES OF PALYGORSKITES AND ASSOCIATED CLAYS FROM THE JBEL RHASSOUL (MOROCCO) A. Chahi, J. Duplay, J. Luca; Clays and Clay Minerals; v. 41 p. 401 (1993).
Namibia
 
  • Khomas Region
    • Windhoek District
      • Aris
Chukanov, N. V.; Britvin, S. N.; Blass, G.; Belakovskiy, D. I.; Van, K. V. (2012): Windhoekite, Ca2Fe3+3-x(Si8O20)(OH)4•10H2O, a new palygorskite-group mineral from the Aris phonolite, Namibia. European Journal of Mineralogy 24, 171-179.
  • Otjikoto Region (Oshikoto)
    • Tsumeb
Gebhard, G. (1999): Tsumeb II. A Unique Mineral Locality. GG Publishing, Grossenseifen, Germany
Norway
 
  • Aust-Agder
    • Iveland
      • Ljosland
        • Knipan (Knipane)
Hansen, S. (1973): Ett mineralrikt fältspatbrott i Iveland, Norge. Unpublished paper, 20p
    • Risør
      • Akland
Nordrum, F.S. & Larsen, A.O. (2003): Ein neufund von Diopsid, Amphibol und Rutil in Moland, Risør, Süd-Norwegen. Mineralien-Welt, 14 (3): 54-59
  • Buskerud
    • Kongsberg
Van der Wel, D. (1972): Contribution to the Mineralogy of Norway No. 51. Asbestos minerals from Kongsberg silver deposit. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 52: 287-294
  • Finnmark
    • Alta
      • Stjernøya Island
        • Lillebukt Alkaline Complex (Lillebugt)
Salter, D. L. & Appleyard, E.C. (1974): An occurence of vein palygorskite from the nepheline syenite at Lillebugt, Stjernøy, northern Norway. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 54, 329-336
  • Hordaland
    • Ullensvang
      • Nå
Garmo, T.T. & Selbekk, R. (2017): Norsk mineralbok. Fossheim Steinsenter, Lom. 351p. (p.199)
    • Vaksdal
Selbekk, Rune.S.(1990): Mineraler fra ovanntunnelen i Bergsdalen. STEIN 17(3),1-2
  • Nordland
O.T. Ljøstad photo & specimen
    • Rana
  • Oslo
    • Grorud
Kvamsdal, L. O. (1999): Mineralene fra Huken pukkverk i Oslo. STEIN 26 (4), 14-47
  • Rogaland
    • Eigersund
      • Eigerøy
Nordrum, F.S. (2011): Noen nyfunn av mineraler i Norge 2010-2011. Stein. 38 (2): 14-23
  • Sør-Trøndelag
    • Oppdal
Witsø, T. (1995): Mineraler i Oppdal med beskrivelse. Driva Kro og steinsenter. Unpublished paper. http://vinstradalen.no/pdf/Mineraler.pdf
    • Rennebu
Nordrum, F.S. (2010): Nyfunn av mineraler i Norge 2009-2010. Stein 37 (2), 4-14
  • Telemark
    • Kragerø
      • Sannidal
Nordrum, F.S. (2010): Nyfunn av mineraler i Norge 2009-2010. Stein 37 (2), 4-14
      • Valberg
Nordrum, F.S. Larsen, A.O. & Austrheim, H. (2000): Ni,Co-mineralizations in the Valberg quarry, Kragerø, South Norway: a progress report. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift. 17: 64-70
    • Porsgrunn
      • Brevik
        • Kjørholt
Nordrum, Fred Steinar (1993): De siste års mineralfunn i Dalen- Kjørholt gruve. STEIN 20 (2), 100-111
    • Skien
Larsen, A.O. (1993): Gruver og skjerp i Skien. Stathelle 1993, 72p.
Larsen, A.O. (1993): Fossum jernverk. STEIN 20 (2), 112-116
  • Vest-Agder
    • Lindesnes
      • Vigeland
Sverdrup, T. L. (1959): The pegmatite dyke at Rømteland. Norges Geologiske Undersøkelse 211 (Årbok 1959): 124-196
  • Vestfold
    • Larvik
      • Tvedalen
        • Tuften (Tuften 1 Quarry; Tuften 2 Quarry)
Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240 pp.
Peru
 
  • Arequipa Department
    • Caraveli Province
Hyrsl & Rosales (2003), Min. Record 34:254
  • Ica Department
    • Ica Province
      • Ica
Extra Lapis - English No. 10 Opal
Poland
 
  • Lower Silesia (Dolnośląskie)
    • Rudawy Janowickie Mts
      • Czarnów
        • Rędziny
Domańska, J.: Rędziny. Otoczak, nr. 29, p. 38-52.
    • Strzegom-Sobótka Massif
      • Świdnica District
        • Grabina (Graben)
Praszkier, T. & Korzekwa, A. (2010): Neues aus den Pegmatiten des Strzegom-Massivs in Polen. Mineralien-Welt 21 (3), 78-90 (in German).
  • Małopolskie
    • Chrzanów District
      • Alwernia commune
Eligiusz Szełęg private collection
    • Kraków District
      • Krzeszowice Community
Eligiusz Szełęg collection
Portugal
 
  • Viseu District
    • Mortágua
C. S. Figueredo Gomes - Ocorrência de paligorskite na Gandra (Mortágua), Memórias e Notícias no. 64, Publicações do Museu e Laboratório Mineralógico e Geológico da Universidade de Coimbra e do Centro de Estudos Geológicos, 1967.
Qatar
 
DILL, H.G., BOTZ, R. , BERNER, Z., STÜBEN, D., NASIR, S. and AL-SAAD, H. (2005) Sedimentary facies, mineralogy and geochemistry of the sulphate -bearing Miocene Dam Formation in Qatar.- Sedimentary Geology, 174: 63-96
Romania
 
  • Caraş-Severin Co.
    • Banat Mts
      • Ocna de Fier-Dognecea District
http://minerals-of-the-carpathians.eu
  • Harghita Co.
Ed.:Szakáll S.-Kristály F.2010:Mineralogy of Székelyland,Eastern Transylvania,Romania
Russia
 
  • Central Region
    • Moscow Oblast' (Moskovskaya Oblast')
      • Moscow
Pekin, A. (2011) Minerals of Moscow. Eussian Journal of General Chemistry. Jun2011, Vol. 81 Issue 6, p1381-1391.
Pekin, A. (2011) Minerals of Moscow. Russian Journal of General Chemistry. Jun2011, Vol. 81 Issue 6, p1381-1391.
Pekin, A. (2011) Minerals of Moscow. Russian Journal of General Chemistry. Jun2011, Vol. 81 Issue 6, p1381-1391.
  • Eastern-Siberian Region
    • Sakha Republic (Saha Republic; Yakutia)
[World of Stones 12:49]
  • Far-Eastern Region
    • Primorskiy Kray
      • Kavalerovo Mining District
[MinRec 32:8]
  • Northern Region
    • Murmanskaja Oblast'
      • Kola Peninsula
        • Khibiny Massif
Yakovenchik, V.N., Ivaniuk, G.Yu., Pakhomovsky, Ya.A., Selivanova, E.A., Men'shikov, Yu.P., Korchak, J.A., Krivovichev, S.V., Spiridonova, D.V., Zalkind, O.A. (2010): Punkaruaivite, Li{Ti2(OH)2[Si4O11(OH)]}•H2O, a new mineral species from hydrothermalites of Khibiny and Lovozero alkaline massifs (Kola Peninsula, Russia). Canadian Mineralogist, 48, 41-50.
www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/lovo.htm
  • Povolzhsky region
Museum Victoria Registration Number: M 9383
  • Urals Region
    • Middle Urals
      • Permskaya Oblast'
        • Palygorskaya Distance of Perm Railways
          • Popovka River
Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
    • Southern Urals
      • Chelyabinsk Oblast'
        • Magnitogorsk
          • Sakhara District (Sakharinskii)
            • Sakhara massif
Talovina, I.V., Lazarenkov, V.G., Ryzhkova, S.O., Ugol'kov, V.L., and Vorontsova, N.I. (2008): Lithology and Mineral Resources 43(6), 588-595.
        • Ufaley District (Ufalei District)
Talovina, I.V., Lazarenkov, V.G., Ryzhkova, S.O., Ugol'kov, V.L., and Vorontsova, N.I. (2008): Lithology and Mineral Resources 43(6), 588-595.; Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., Bliss, J.D., and Moring, B.C., 2011, Ni-Co laterite deposits of the world; database and grade and tonnage models: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1058.
Talovina, I.V., Lazarenkov, V.G., Ryzhkova, S.O., Ugol'kov, V.L., and Vorontsova, N.I. (2008): Lithology and Mineral Resources 43(6), 588-595.
      • Orenburgskaya Oblast'
        • Orsk
          • Khalilovskii District
            • Khabarninskii massif
Sharkov, A.A. (2009): Lithology and Mineral Resources 44(1), 19-35.
Saudi Arabia
 
  • Mintaqah Ash Sharqiyah
Al-Shayea, N. A. (2000). Inherent heterogeneity of sediments in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia—a case study. Engineering geology, 56(3), 305-323.
  • Mintaqah Makkah
Saudi Geological Survey Open-File Report SGS-OF-2004-12, 68 p.
Senegal
 
  • Saint-Louis Region
    • Senegal River
      • Matam (Ouali-Diala)
http://www.uoguelph.ca/~geology/rocks_for_crops/45senegal.PDF
  • Thiès Region
    • Taiba
http://www.uoguelph.ca/~geology/rocks_for_crops/45senegal.PDF
Slovakia
 
  • Banská Bystrica Region
    • Lučenec Co.
      • Podrečany
Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p
    • Poltár Co.
      • Kalinovo
Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590k
    • Revúca Co.
      • Jelšava
Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590
Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590
      • Ploské
Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p
    • Rimavská Sobota Co.
      • Hnúšťa
Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590
Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590
Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590k
      • Rovné
Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590k
  • Prešov Region
    • Prešov Co.
      • Vyšná Šebastová
Ďuďa,R., et al., 1981: Mineralógia severnej časti Slanských vrchov. Min.Slovaca, Monografia 2, 98s
Slovenia
 
  • Idrija (Idria)
Rečnik, A., Režun, B. & Herlec, U. (2010): Idrija, eine weltberühmte Quecksilber-Lagerstätte. Mineralien-Welt 21 (3), 20-39.
Spain
 
  • Castile and Leon
    • León
Angel Ortiz Maellas collection
    • Palencia
Stvdia Geologica Salmanticensia, 26: 7-25
    • Segovia
Vik Vanrusselt collection
    • Soria
      • Magaña
Calvo, M. Viñals, J., Clemente, J. and Sanchis, M. (2000). Scarbroita, alofana y paligorskita como producto de alteración de la facies Weald, Magaña (Soria). Revista de Minerales, 2, (1), 20-22
  • Madrid
    • Madrid
      • Vallecas
Ruishi Yang and Wenguang Li (2001): Geology of Chemical Minerals 23(1), 25-30
  • Valencian Community
    • Alicante
      • Albatera (Hondón de los Frailes)
http://usuarios.lycos.es/pmminerales/ColeccionPacoMayorAlavaAlicante3.html
Sweden
 
  • Dalarna
    • Hedemora
      • Garpenberg
Öhman, L., F. Grensman (2000): Garpenberg (Södra). Litofilen, 17, 29-38
  • Södermanland
    • Nynäshamn
Gustafsson, Lars & Otter, Bertil (1991): Mineralförekomster i Stockholmstrakten.Del 2. STEIN 18(4),4-12
  • Värmland
    • Filipstad
      • Nordmark district
http://www.k1q.net/skarn/picture.phtml?function=list&id=6
      • Persberg district
Sandström, F., Lorin, T. & Strand, U. (2009): Geologi och mineralogi i Gåsgruvefältet, Filipstad. Litofilen. 26 (2): 16-38
Sandström, F., Lorin, T. & Strand, U. (2009): Geologi och mineralogi i Gåsgruvefältet, Filipstad. Litofilen. 26 (2): 16-38
Sandström, F., Lorin, T. & Strand, U. (2009): Geologi och mineralogi i Gåsgruvefältet, Filipstad. Litofilen. 26 (2): 16-38
        • Pajsberg
Nysten, P. (2004): Harstigen ett mineralogisk eldorado i Bergslagen. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift 28: 5-13
  • Västmanland
    • Sala
Öhman, L. (2003): Sala Silvergruva. Litiofilen. 20 (1): 11-19
Switzerland
 
  • Bern
    • Biel (Bienne)
Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz. Wepf (Basel), p. 295.
  • Lucerne
    • Entlebuch
Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz. Wepf (Basel), p. 295.
Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz. Wepf (Basel), p. 295.
  • Nidwalden (Nidwald)
    • Ennetbürgen
Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz. Wepf (Basel), p. 295.
    • Stansstad
      • Kehrsiten
Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz. Wepf (Basel), p. 295.
      • Rotzloch
Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz. Wepf (Basel), p. 295.
  • Vaud (Waadt)
    • Lausanne
      • Crissier
Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz. Wepf (Basel), p. 295.
  • Wallis (Valais)
    • Binn Valley
Togo
 
  • Maritime Region
    • Lomé
Gnandi, Kissao. "Distribution patterns of rare-earth elements and uranium in tertiary sedimentary phosphorites of Hahotoé–Kpogamé, Togo." Journal of African earth sciences, and the Middle East 37(2003):1-10.
      • Kpogamé
Gnandi, Kissao. "Distribution patterns of rare-earth elements and uranium in tertiary sedimentary phosphorites of Hahotoé–Kpogamé, Togo." Journal of African earth sciences, and the Middle East 37(2003):1-10.
Turkey
 
  • Central Anatolia Region
    • Niğde Province
Altay, T., Karakaya, M.Ç., and Murat, A. (2010): Goldschmidt Conference Abstracts 2010.
UK
 
  • England
    • Cumbria
      • Caldbeck Fells
        • Potts Gill
No reference listed
    • Derbyshire
      • Ashover
        • Milltown
[Rust, S. Seltene Mineralien aus dem Steinbruch Milltown bei Ashover LAPIS Mineralienmagazin 1994, 12, p.13-17, 58]; Mineralogical Magazine(1984) 48, 267-269; Ford, T., A. Sarjeant & M. Smith (1993) The minerals of the Peak district of Derbyshire UK Jour. Mines & Minerals 13:16-55
    • Devon
      • East Devon
Canadian Mineralogist Vol.24, pp. 791 (1986)
        • Sidmouth
Paul Render
      • Okehampton area (Northern Dartmoor)
http://www.mineralman.f9.co.uk/quarries/meldon.htm
    • Somerset
      • Banwell
Paul Render
      • Watchet
Paul Render
    • Warwickshire
      • Hartshill
Paul Render
      • Studley
        • Spernal Park Hill
Paul Render
  • Scotland
    • North West Highlands
Am Min 61:3-4 pp 299-302
    • Strathclyde
      • South Lanarkshire
No reference listed
  • Wales
    • Bridgend
      • Porthcawl
Criddle & Symes, 1977
    • Rhondda-Cynon-Taff
      • Llantrisant
National Museum of Wales specimen
Ukraine
 
  • Crimea Oblast'
    • Simferopol area
      • Lozovoye Village area
Tischenko Alexander
      • Petropavlovka Village area
A. Tischenko. Minerals of the Crimea - World of stones, 1996, #9, p. 9-18
      • Ukrainka Village area (Kurtsy)
- Dvoichenko P.A. The minerals of Crimea (1914) - Zapiski Krymskogo obshchestva estestvoispytatelei (Proceeding of the Crimea Society of Naturalistes), 1914, vol. 4, p. 1-208 (Rus.) - Popov S.P. Mineralogy of the Crimea (1938). - M.-L., AN SSSR, 1938, 352 p. (Rus.)
- Dvoichenko P.A. The minerals of Crimea (1914) - Zapiski Krymskogo obshchestva estestvoispytatelei (Proceeding of the Crimea Society of Naturalistes), 1914, vol. 4, p. 1-208 (Rus.) - Popov S.P. Mineralogy of the Crimea (1938). - M.-L., AN SSSR, 1938, 352 p. (Rus.)
- Dvoichenko P.A. The minerals of Crimea (1914) - Zapiski Krymskogo obshchestva estestvoispytatelei (Proceeding of the Crimea Society of Naturalistes), 1914, vol. 4, p. 1-208 (Rus.) - Popov S.P. Mineralogy of the Crimea (1938). - M.-L., AN SSSR, 1938, 352 p. (Rus.)
USA
 
  • Alaska
    • Skagway-Hoonah-Angoon Borough
      • Chichagof District
        • Lemesurier Island
Canadian Mineralogist, 24, 791 (1986)
      • Juneau District
Canadian Mineralogist Vol.24, pp. 791 (1986)
  • Arizona
    • Apache Co.
      • Petrified Forest National Park
Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 319; Schultz, L.G. (1963), Clay minerals in Triassic rocks of the Colorado Plateau, USGS Bull. 1147-C.
    • Gila Co.
      • Globe-Miami District
        • Globe Hills District
          • Globe Hills
            • Burch area
              • Radium
Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 319.
        • Miami-Inspiration District
          • Inspiration
            • Miami-Inspiration deposit
              • Inspiration Mine
                • Webster Gulch
Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 319.
    • Pima Co.
      • Ajo District
        • Little Ajo Mts
          • Ajo
Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 319-320; Thomas, W.J. & R.B. Gibbs (1983), Famous mineral localities: The New Cornelia mine, Ajo, AZ, Min.Rec.: 14: 283-298.
      • Sierrita Mts
        • Pima District (Olive District; Mineral Hill District; Twin Buttes District)
          • Twin Buttes
Galbraith, F.W. (1947), Minerals of Arizona, AZ Bur. Mines Bull. 153: 317.
    • Pinal Co.
      • Mammoth District
        • Tiger
          • St. Anthony deposit
Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 319; Bideaux, R.A. (1980), Tiger, AZ, Min.Rec.: 11: 155-181.
    • Santa Cruz Co.
      • Patagonia Mts
        • Patagonia District
Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd. ed.: 390, 401.
Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 319.
Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 319.
  • Arkansas
    • Garland Co.
      • Wilson Springs (Potash Sulfur Springs)
        • Union Carbide Mine
R&M 70:3 pp 154-170
    • Pike Co.
      • Murfreesboro
Rocks and Minerals, (1988) 63:104-125
  • California
    • Calaveras Co.
      • West Belt
Pohl, D. et al. (1982): Ferroaxinite from New Melones Lake, Calaveras County, California, a remarkable new locality. Mineralogical Record 13 (5), 293-302
    • Los Angeles Co.
      • Puente Hills
        • Pomona area
Henderson, G. (1973) Palygorskite found in northern Puente Hills near Pomona. California Division Mines and Geology California Geology: 26: 280-281; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 441.
    • San Bernardino Co.
      • East Kramer District
        • East Kramer Borate area (East Kramer Colemanite area)
          • Kramer Junction (Beecher's Corners; Beechers Corners; Four Corners)
Droste, John Brown & G.R. Gates (1959), Attapulgite in lacustrine sediments of southern California (abstract): Geological Society of America Bulletin: 70: 1593; Benda, William K. Richard C. Erd & Ward C. Smith (1960), Core logs from five test holes near Kramer, California: USGS Bulletin 1045-F: 330; Huggins, Charles W., Marion V. Denny & Haskell R. Shell (1962), Properties of palygorskite, an asbestiform mineral: U.S. Bureau of Mines Report Of Investigation 6071, 17pp.: 15.
    • Sierra Co.
      • Alleghany District (Forest District)
        • Plumbago
Ferguson, Henry G. & R.W. Gannett (1932), Gold quartz veins of the Alleghany district, California: USGS PP 172: 13; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 442.
  • Colorado
    • El Paso Co.
      • Manitou Springs
Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
    • Pitkin Co.
Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
  • Connecticut
    • Fairfield Co.
      • Brookfield
Januzzi, Ronald E. (1994), Mineral Data Book - Western Connecticut and Environs. The Mineralogical Press, Danbury, Connecticut.
      • Danbury
Januzzi, Ronald E. (1976): Mineral Localities of Connecticut and Southeastern New York State. The Mineralogical Press, Danbury, Connecticut.; Januzzi, Ronald E. (1994), Mineral Data Book - Western Connecticut and Environs. The Mineralogical Press, Danbury, Connecticut.
  • Florida
    • De Soto Co.
USGS Circular 1059 pp129-137
Canadian Mineralogist Vol.24, pp. 791 (1986)
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
http://cms.lanl.gov/chem.htm.
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
Clay Minerals (1990) 25, 107-119
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    • Polk Co.
Marc V. Hurst (2012) Central Florida Phosphate District. Southeastern Geological Society Field Trip Guidebook No. 57
  • Georgia
Minerals of Georgia: Their properties and occurrences. Robert Cook GGWRD Bull 92
Minerals of Georgia: Their properties and occurrences. Robert Cook GGWRD Bull 92
Canadian Mineralogist Vol.24, pp. 791 (1986)
    • Grady Co.
Minerals of Georgia: Their properties and occurrences. Robert Cook GGWRD Bull 92
    • Pickens Co.
      • Jasper
Rocks & Min.:64:202.
Minerals of Georgia: Their properties and occurrences. Robert Cook GGWRD Bull 92
Rocks & Min.: 64:203.
      • Whitestone
Rocks & Min.: 64: 202.
    • Thomas Co.
Minerals of Georgia: Their properties and occurrences. Robert Cook GGWRD Bull 92
      • Meigs-Attapulgus-Quincy
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
Minerals of Georgia: Their properties and occurrences. Robert Cook GGWRD Bull 92
Minerals of Georgia: Their properties and occurrences. Robert Cook GGWRD Bull 92
  • Idaho
    • Lemhi Co.
      • Spring Mountain District
        • Quartzite Canyon
Ream, Lanny R. 2004. Idaho Minerals, 2nd edition, Revised and Updated
  • Michigan
    • Baraga Co.
      • Imperial Heights
Rocks & Min.: 58:108.
    • Gogebic Co.
      • Gogebic iron range
Mineralogy of Michigan (2004) Heinrich & Robinson
  • Missouri
    • Washington Co.
      • Sullivan
R&M 73:2 pp 98-117
  • Montana
    • Silver Bow Co.
The Mineralogy of The Butte District, Montana; Guilbert and Zeihen
  • Nevada
    • Churchill Co.
NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    • Humboldt Co.
      • Potosi District
        • Adam Peak
    • Mineral Co.
      • Silver Star District
NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
  • New Jersey
    • Passaic Co.
      • Woodland Park (West Paterson)
Bradley D. Plotkin collection
  • New Mexico
    • Eddy Co.
      • Carlsbad
Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd. Rev. Ed., 1996
    • Socorro Co.
Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
  • New York
    • Putnam Co.
      • Town of Southeast
        • Brewster
Ronald Januzzi collection
  • North Carolina
    • Yancey Co.
Furbush,W.J.,and Sando,J.W (1976) Palygorskite- By Direct Precipitation From A Hydrothermal Solution. Clay Minerals 11,147
x-ray diffraction data from 1986 East Carolina Univ. field trip (Pei Lin Tien)
  • Pennsylvania
    • Berks Co.
      • Oley Township
Ref.: "Zinc and Lead Occurances in Pennsylvania", R. C. Smith, II, Mineral Resources Report No. 72, 1977, Pennsylvania Geological Survey.
    • Chester Co.
      • Schuylkill Township
MinRec 20:369-386
    • York Co.
      • East Manchester Township
        • Emigsville
http://www.jonesgeo.com/codorus.htm
  • Utah
    • Kane Co.
American Mineralogist (1927): 12: 424-426.
    • Tooele Co.
      • Oquirrh Mts
        • Ophir District
          • Dry Canyon area
UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
  • Vermont
    • Franklin Co.
      • Swanton
Rocks & Min. Vol. 71. (1996)
  • Virginia
    • Montgomery Co.
      • Blacksburg
No reference listed
    • Rockbridge Co.
      • Glasgow
Rocks & Min.: 60:157.
  • Washington
    • Pend Oreille Co.
      • Metaline District
        • Boundary Dam
Minerals of Washington, Bart Cannon, 1975
Cannon, B. (1975): Minerals of Washington, p.44
Metal Mines of Washington-Preliminary Report; Derkey, Joseph, Lasmanis
Cannon, B. (1975): Minerals of Washington, p.54
Minerals of Washington, B. Cannon, 1975
Metal Mines of Washington-Preliminary Report; Derkey, Joseph, Lasmanis
Minerals of Washington, Bart Cannon 1975
Charles W. Huggins (1962) Properties of palygorskite, an asbestiform mineral. Volume 6071 of Report of investigations, Bureau of Mines
Minerals of Washington, Bart Cannon, 1975
Minerals of Washington, Bart Cannon, 1975
Minerals of Washington, Bart Cannon, 1975
    • Stevens Co.
      • Onion Creek
Minerals of Washington, Bart Cannon, 1975
Uzbekistan
 
  • Sidaryo Viloyati (Syrdar'ya)
Mirzaev, A.U., and Chinikulov, K. (2004): Lithology and Mienral Resources 39(1), 60-69.
Venezuela
 
Franco Urbani (2009) Venezuelan Cave Minerals: Second Review. Mineralogy 1 2009 ICS Proceedings. In 15th International Congress of Speleology. p 345
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