Parnauite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Parnauite
Formula:
Cu9(AsO4)2(SO4)(OH)10 · 7H2O
May contain minor Ni, Cl.
Colour:
Pale blue, green, dark green, blue-green, yellow-green
Hardness:
2
Specific Gravity:
3.09
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Name:
Named in honor of John "Jack" L. Parnau (31 May 1906, Stockton, California, USA - 16 July 1990, Campbell, California, USA), a mineral collector who made significant contributions to knowledge of the type locality.
An uncommon secondary Cu-sulphate-arsenate. Fibrous varieties and crusts may be confused with strashimirite.
Can be distinguished from visually similar tyrolite and tangdanite by optical methods.
Can be distinguished from visually similar tyrolite and tangdanite by optical methods.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
3124
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3124:6
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
19ed6e5b-17c8-4066-acfb-717378e9f65a
IMA Classification of Parnauite
Approved
First published:
1978
Classification of Parnauite
8.DF.35
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
D : Phosphates, etc. with additional anions, with H2O
F : With only medium-sized cations, (OH,etc.):RO4 > 3:1
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
D : Phosphates, etc. with additional anions, with H2O
F : With only medium-sized cations, (OH,etc.):RO4 > 3:1
43.5.13.1
43 : COMPOUND PHOSPHATES, ETC.
5 : Hydrated Compound Phosphates, etc·, Containing Hydroxyl or Halogen
43 : COMPOUND PHOSPHATES, ETC.
5 : Hydrated Compound Phosphates, etc·, Containing Hydroxyl or Halogen
22.3.1
22 : Phosphates, Arsenates or Vanadates with other Anions
3 : Phosphates, arsenates or vanadates with sulphates
22 : Phosphates, Arsenates or Vanadates with other Anions
3 : Phosphates, arsenates or vanadates with sulphates
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Pna | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Parnauite
Transparency:
Translucent
Colour:
Pale blue, green, dark green, blue-green, yellow-green
Hardness:
2 on Mohs scale
Density:
3.09(4) g/cm3 (Measured) 3.09 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Parnauite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.680(3) nβ = 1.704(3) nγ = 1.712(3)
2V:
Measured: 60° (5), Calculated: 58°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.032
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
High
Dispersion:
r > v strong
Optical Extinction:
Optic plane is parallel to {100}.
X = b, Y = a, and Z = c.
X = b, Y = a, and Z = c.
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
X= pale green
Y= yellow-green
Z= blue-green
Y= yellow-green
Z= blue-green
Chemistry of Parnauite
Mindat Formula:
Cu9(AsO4)2(SO4)(OH)10 · 7H2O
May contain minor Ni, Cl.
May contain minor Ni, Cl.
Common Impurities:
P,C,Al
Crystallography of Parnauite
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mm2 - Pyramidal
Space Group:
Pmn21
Cell Parameters:
a = 3.0113(4) Å, b = 14.259(3) Å, c = 14.932(2) Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.211 : 1 : 1.047
Unit Cell V:
641.15 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
1
Morphology:
Lath-like crystals (subparallel), bowties, rosettes, scales, compact crusts.
Comment:
Cell of 3 Å substructure (Mills et al. 2013). Originally assumed cell: 14.98, 14.22, 6.01 Å.
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0020147 | Parnauite | Mills S J, Kampf A R, McDonald A M, Bindi L, Christy A G, Kolitsch U, Favreau G (2013) The crystal structure of parnauite: a copper arsenate-sulphate with translational disorder of structural rods European Journal of Mineralogy 25 693-704 | 2013 | Majuba Hill, Nevada, USA | 0 | 293 | |
0020148 | Parnauite | Mills S J, Kampf A R, McDonald A M, Bindi L, Christy A G, Kolitsch U, Favreau G (2013) The crystal structure of parnauite: a copper arsenate-sulphate with translational disorder of structural rods European Journal of Mineralogy 25 693-704 | 2013 | Cap Garonne, Var, France | 0 | 293 | |
0020149 | Parnauite | Mills S J, Kampf A R, McDonald A M, Bindi L, Christy A G, Kolitsch U, Favreau G (2013) The crystal structure of parnauite: a copper arsenate-sulphate with translational disorder of structural rods European Journal of Mineralogy 25 693-704 | 2013 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
14.3 Å | (100) |
4.52 Å | (60) |
10.38 Å | (24) |
4.00 Å | (21) |
2.849 Å | (19) |
7.14 Å | (10) |
6.42 Å | (8) |
Type Occurrence of Parnauite
General Appearance of Type Material:
As pale-blue fans and rosettes of lath-like crystals up to 1 mm in length, as green scales and crusts, and drusy surface coatings.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
University of California, Santa Barbara, California, USA, 8090.
National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian), Washington, D.C., USA, 144004.
National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian), Washington, D.C., USA, 144004.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Secondary mineral in the oxidation zone of a copper deposit.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Wise, W. S. (1978) Parnauite and goudeyite, two new copper arsenate minerals from the Majuba Hill Mine, Pershing County, Nevada. American Mineralogist: 63: 704-708.
Synonyms of Parnauite
Other Language Names for Parnauite
Varieties of Parnauite
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
53 photos of Parnauite associated with Cyanotrichite | Cu4Al2(SO4)(OH)12 · 2H2O |
29 photos of Parnauite associated with Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
27 photos of Parnauite associated with Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
23 photos of Parnauite associated with Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
22 photos of Parnauite associated with Olivenite | Cu2(AsO4)(OH) |
19 photos of Parnauite associated with Chalcophyllite | Cu18Al2(AsO4)4(SO4)3(OH)24 · 36H2O |
19 photos of Parnauite associated with Strashimirite | Cu8(AsO4)4(OH)4 · 5H2O |
14 photos of Parnauite associated with Cornwallite | Cu5(AsO4)2(OH)4 |
12 photos of Parnauite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
11 photos of Parnauite associated with Cornubite | Cu5(AsO4)2(OH)4 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
8.DF. | Kernowite | Cu2Fe(AsO4)(OH)4 · 4H2O |
8.DF. | Wiperamingaite | NaCaFe3+Al(PO4)F5(OH) · H2O |
8.DF.05 | Hotsonite | Al11(SO4)3(PO4)2(OH)21 · 16H2O |
8.DF.10 | Bolivarite | Al2(PO4)(OH)3 · 4-5H2O |
8.DF.10 | Evansite | Al3(PO4)(OH)6 · 6H2O |
8.DF.10 | Liskeardite | [(Al,Fe)32(AsO4)18(OH)42(H2O)22] · 52H2O |
8.DF.10 | Rosièresite | (Pb, Cu, Al, P, O, H) |
8.DF.15 | Rusakovite | (Fe3+,Al)5(VO4,PO4)2(OH)9 · 3H2O |
8.DF.20 | Liroconite | Cu2Al(AsO4)(OH)4 · 4H2O |
8.DF.25 | Sieleckiite | Cu3Al4(PO4)2(OH)12 · 2H2O |
8.DF.30 | Chalcophyllite | Cu18Al2(AsO4)4(SO4)3(OH)24 · 36H2O |
8.DF.40 | Gladiusite | Fe2(Fe,Mg)4(PO4)(OH)11(H2O) |
8.DF.50 | Forêtite | Cu2Al2(AsO4)(OH,O,H2O)6 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Parnauite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3124.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Parnauite
Reference List:
Wise, William S. (1978) Parnauite and goudeyite, two new copper arsenate minerals from the Majuba Hill Mine, Pershing County, Nevada. American Mineralogist, 63 (7-8) 704-708
Localities for Parnauite
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina | |
| Milka K. de Brodtkorb (2002) |
Austria | |
| Puttner (1996) |
| G. Niedermayr: Carinthia II 191./111.:97-102 (2001) |
| G. Niedermayr: Carinthia II 191./111.:97-102 (2001) |
| Kirchner et al. (2004) |
| R.Poeverlein (2016) |
Kirchner et al. (2004) | |
Neschen (n.d.) | |
Strasser (1989) | |
Poeverlein (2008) | |
| Postl (1990) +1 other reference |
| C.Auer (2015) |
| Auer & Postl (2016) |
| Lapis 29 (9) |
| Schnorrer et al. (2002) |
Poeverlein et al. (2007) | |
Der Aufschluß (2006) | |
Schnorrer et al. (2008) | |
| Schnorrer et al. (2010) |
Schnorrer et al. (2005) | |
Schnorrer+Poeverlein (2005) | |
| 58. +1 other reference |
| Arlt et al. (1994) |
| Schnorrer et al. (2007) |
Brazil | |
| Lapis 32 (12) |
Bulgaria | |
| Minceva-Stefanova (2001) |
| Minceva-Stefanova (2001) |
Minceva-Stefanova (2001) | |
Chile | |
| collected and analysed by french ... |
| maurizio dini collection - quantitative ... |
| Samples analysed by Dr. Jochen Schluter et al. (Salzburg Department of Mineralogy) |
China | |
| Lairen Lai et al. (1997) |
Czech Republic | |
| Lapis 2002 (7/8) |
France | |
| Favreau G. et al. (1996) |
| Escande et al. (1973) +6 other references |
Escande et al. (1973) +6 other references | |
| Queneau (n.d.) |
La minéralogie. Béryl Limousin +1 other reference | |
| Forner et al. (1997) |
| www.zampano.com (n.d.) |
| Queneau (n.d.) |
| Lheur (2023) |
| Favreau et al. (2010) |
| Ref: Boisson J.M. |
| Mari et al. (1997) |
| Jean-Marie Claude collection +4 other references |
trouvaille 1980 _ collection personnelle | |
Germany | |
| Wittern (1995) |
| Walenta (1992) +1 other reference |
| Walenta (1992) |
| |
| |
Walenta (1992) | |
| American Mineralogist: 67: 854. +1 other reference |
| Slotta (2016) |
Wittern (2001) | |
| 54 +2 other references |
| Wittern (2001) +1 other reference |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Heinrich et al. (2011) |
| 58. +1 other reference |
| Lapis (4) |
| www.dergraul.de (2001) |
Greece | |
| Lapis (May 2003) |
Karl Heinz Fabritz collection +1 other reference | |
LAPIS 24 (7/8) +1 other reference | |
| 62 +2 other references |
Hungary | |
| collection: Gábor Koller |
| HOM Collection-Szakáll S. 2010 |
Ireland | |
| de Haller |
Italy | |
| Bortolozzi et al. (2017) |
| Carnia (Udine, Friuli-Venezia Giulia) +1 other reference |
| Pagano et al. (2001) |
| Marchesini M. (1999) |
| Palenzona et al. (2002) |
| Carmagnola et al. (2019) |
| Vergani (2019) +1 other reference |
| Stara et al. (1993) |
| Ferretti et al. (2019) |
| Orlandi et al. (2009) |
| Orlandi (2004) +1 other reference |
Orlandi et al. (2009) | |
| Orlandi et al. (2002) +1 other reference |
| Saccardo D. et al. (Torrebelvicino, Vicenza) |
| Domenico Saccardo et al. (2019) +1 other reference |
Japan | |
| Matsubara (2002) |
| Nagashima et al. (2016) |
Morocco | |
| Favreau et al. (2006) |
| Jean-Pierre Barral collection (EDS-analysed) |
Georges Favreau collection | |
Namibia | |
| Gebhard (1999) |
Portugal | |
| Pedro Alves collection and analytical ... |
Slovakia | |
| Sejkora (1993) |
| Števko M. |
Spain | |
| Georges FAVREAU collection & EDX ... |
| VIÑALS et al. (2004) |
| Calvo (2015) |
| Calvo Rebollar (2015) |
| Joan Abella i Creus (Joanabellacreus@gmail.com) |
| Joan Abella i Creus (Joanabellacreus@gmail.com) |
| Calvo (2015) |
Mineralogía de la concesión San Rafael | |
| issuu.com (n.d.) +1 other reference |
Switzerland | |
| |
| Malcherek et al. (2024) +1 other reference |
Meisser (1999) | |
| Cuchet et al. (2019) |
| Ansermet (2012) |
| Ansermet et al. (2012) |
| Ansermet et al. (2021) |
| Cuchet et al. (2002) |
Thailand | |
| Queneau (n.d.) |
UK | |
| Golley et al. (1995) |
| [Ian Bruce collected material +1 other reference |
| Golley et al. (1995) |
| Golley et al. (1995) |
| Golley et al. (1995) |
| Golley et al. (1995) |
| |
Golley et al. (1995) | |
| - (2006) |
| Hubbard et al. (2005) |
| Rust et al. (1994) |
USA | |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| American Mineralogist +2 other references |
Jensen (1993) | |
| Rocks & Minerals |
| collected by Brent Thorne |
Collected by and in the collection of ... | |
| Collected by and in the collection of ... |
| Kokinos et al. (1993) |
Min Rec 24:1 pp11-22 | |
Min Rec 24:1 pp11-22 | |
| ... |
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Clara Mine, Oberwolfach, Ortenaukreis, Freiburg Region, Baden-Württemberg, Germany