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Parnauite

A valid IMA mineral species
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About ParnauiteHide

06048270014947727791336.jpg
Jack Parnau
Formula:
Cu9(AsO4)2(SO4)(OH)10 · 7H2O
May contain minor Ni, Cl.
Colour:
Pale blue, green, dark green, blue-green, yellow-green
Hardness:
2
Specific Gravity:
3.09
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Name:
Named in honor of John "Jack" L. Parnau (31 May 1906, Stockton, California, USA - 16 July 1990, Campbell, California, USA), a mineral collector who made significant contributions to knowledge of the type locality.
An uncommon secondary Cu-sulphate-arsenate. Fibrous varieties and crusts may be confused with strashimirite.

Can be distinguished from visually similar tyrolite and tangdanite by optical methods.


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
3124
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3124:6
GUID
(UUID V4):
19ed6e5b-17c8-4066-acfb-717378e9f65a

IMA Classification of ParnauiteHide

Classification of ParnauiteHide

8.DF.35

8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
D : Phosphates, etc. with additional anions, with H2O
F : With only medium-sized cations, (OH,etc.):RO4 > 3:1
43.5.13.1

43 : COMPOUND PHOSPHATES, ETC.
5 : Hydrated Compound Phosphates, etc·, Containing Hydroxyl or Halogen
22.3.1

22 : Phosphates, Arsenates or Vanadates with other Anions
3 : Phosphates, arsenates or vanadates with sulphates

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

SymbolSourceReference
PnaIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of ParnauiteHide

Transparency:
Translucent
Colour:
Pale blue, green, dark green, blue-green, yellow-green
Hardness:
Density:
3.09(4) g/cm3 (Measured)    3.09 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of ParnauiteHide

Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.680(3) nβ = 1.704(3) nγ = 1.712(3)
2V:
Measured: 60° (5), Calculated: 58°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.032
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
High
Dispersion:
r > v strong
Optical Extinction:
Optic plane is parallel to {100}.
X = b, Y = a, and Z = c.
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
X= pale green
Y= yellow-green
Z= blue-green

Chemistry of ParnauiteHide

Mindat Formula:
Cu9(AsO4)2(SO4)(OH)10 · 7H2O

May contain minor Ni, Cl.
Common Impurities:
P,C,Al

Crystallography of ParnauiteHide

Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mm2 - Pyramidal
Space Group:
Pmn21
Cell Parameters:
a = 3.0113(4) Å, b = 14.259(3) Å, c = 14.932(2) Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.211 : 1 : 1.047
Unit Cell V:
641.15 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
1
Morphology:
Lath-like crystals (subparallel), bowties, rosettes, scales, compact crusts.
Comment:
Cell of 3 Å substructure (Mills et al. 2013). Originally assumed cell: 14.98, 14.22, 6.01 Å.

Crystal StructureHide

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IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0020147ParnauiteMills S J, Kampf A R, McDonald A M, Bindi L, Christy A G, Kolitsch U, Favreau G (2013) The crystal structure of parnauite: a copper arsenate-sulphate with translational disorder of structural rods European Journal of Mineralogy 25 693-7042013Majuba Hill, Nevada, USA0293
0020148ParnauiteMills S J, Kampf A R, McDonald A M, Bindi L, Christy A G, Kolitsch U, Favreau G (2013) The crystal structure of parnauite: a copper arsenate-sulphate with translational disorder of structural rods European Journal of Mineralogy 25 693-7042013Cap Garonne, Var, France0293
0020149ParnauiteMills S J, Kampf A R, McDonald A M, Bindi L, Christy A G, Kolitsch U, Favreau G (2013) The crystal structure of parnauite: a copper arsenate-sulphate with translational disorder of structural rods European Journal of Mineralogy 25 693-70420130293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
14.3 Å(100)
4.52 Å(60)
10.38 Å(24)
4.00 Å(21)
2.849 Å(19)
7.14 Å(10)
6.42 Å(8)

Type Occurrence of ParnauiteHide

General Appearance of Type Material:
As pale-blue fans and rosettes of lath-like crystals up to 1 mm in length, as green scales and crusts, and drusy surface coatings.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
University of California, Santa Barbara, California, USA, 8090.
National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian), Washington, D.C., USA, 144004.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Secondary mineral in the oxidation zone of a copper deposit.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Wise, W. S. (1978) Parnauite and goudeyite, two new copper arsenate minerals from the Majuba Hill Mine, Pershing County, Nevada. American Mineralogist: 63: 704-708.

Synonyms of ParnauiteHide

Other Language Names for ParnauiteHide

German:Parnauit
Simplified Chinese:砷铜矾
Spanish:Parnauita

Varieties of ParnauiteHide

DebaoiteDebaoite was described in 1990 without IMA approval as a new mineral, whose status remained uncertain. It was later recognized as a carbonate-bearing variety of parnauite (the latter may, however, contain carbonate anyway, see there).

Originally reported...

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
53 photos of Parnauite associated with CyanotrichiteCu4Al2(SO4)(OH)12 · 2H2O
29 photos of Parnauite associated with AzuriteCu3(CO3)2(OH)2
27 photos of Parnauite associated with MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
23 photos of Parnauite associated with BrochantiteCu4(SO4)(OH)6
22 photos of Parnauite associated with OliveniteCu2(AsO4)(OH)
19 photos of Parnauite associated with ChalcophylliteCu18Al2(AsO4)4(SO4)3(OH)24 · 36H2O
19 photos of Parnauite associated with StrashimiriteCu8(AsO4)4(OH)4 · 5H2O
14 photos of Parnauite associated with CornwalliteCu5(AsO4)2(OH)4
12 photos of Parnauite associated with QuartzSiO2
11 photos of Parnauite associated with CornubiteCu5(AsO4)2(OH)4

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

8.DF.KernowiteCu2Fe(AsO4)(OH)4 · 4H2OMon.
8.DF.WiperamingaiteNaCaFe3+Al(PO4)F5(OH) · H2OOrth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21
8.DF.05HotsoniteAl11(SO4)3(PO4)2(OH)21 · 16H2OTric.
8.DF.10BolivariteAl2(PO4)(OH)3 · 4-5H2OAmor.
8.DF.10EvansiteAl3(PO4)(OH)6 · 6H2OAmor.
8.DF.10Liskeardite[(Al,Fe)32(AsO4)18(OH)42(H2O)22] · 52H2OMon.
8.DF.10Rosièresite(Pb, Cu, Al, P, O, H)Amor.
8.DF.15Rusakovite(Fe3+,Al)5(VO4,PO4)2(OH)9 · 3H2O
8.DF.20LiroconiteCu2Al(AsO4)(OH)4 · 4H2OMon. 2/m
8.DF.25SieleckiiteCu3Al4(PO4)2(OH)12 · 2H2OMon. 2/m : B2/m
8.DF.30ChalcophylliteCu18Al2(AsO4)4(SO4)3(OH)24 · 36H2OTrig. 3 : R3
8.DF.40GladiusiteFe2(Fe,Mg)4(PO4)(OH)11(H2O)Mon. 2/m
8.DF.50ForêtiteCu2Al2(AsO4)(OH,O,H2O)6 Tric. 1 : P1

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for ParnauiteHide

References for ParnauiteHide

Localities for ParnauiteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina
 
  • Catamarca Province
    • Andalgalá Department
Milka K. de Brodtkorb (2002)
Austria
 
  • Carinthia
    • Villach-Land District
      • Finkenstein am Faaker See
        • Mallestiger Mittagskogel
Puttner (1996)
    • Völkermarkt District
      • Eisenkappel-Vellach
        • Bad Eisenkappel
          • Rijavitzagraben (Jeravitzagraben; Jeravica; Remscheniggraben)
G. Niedermayr: Carinthia II 191./111.:97-102 (2001)
        • Ebriach
G. Niedermayr: Carinthia II 191./111.:97-102 (2001)
  • Salzburg
    • Zell am See District
      • Leogang
        • Hütten
          • Schwarzleograben
            • Inschlag Alp
Kirchner et al. (2004)
            • Schwarzleo mining district
R.Poeverlein (2016)
Kirchner et al. (2004)
Neschen (n.d.)
Strasser (1989)
Poeverlein (2008)
  • Styria
    • Bruck-Mürzzuschlag District
      • Tragöß-Sankt Katharein
        • Oberort (Tragöß-Oberort)
Postl (1990) +1 other reference
    • Murtal District
      • Spielberg
        • Flatschach
          • Cu deposit (Schönberg)
C.Auer (2015)
      • Weißkirchen in Steiermark
        • Kleinfeistritz
          • Kothgraben (Kotgraben)
Auer & Postl (2016)
  • Tyrol
    • Kufstein District
      • Brixlegg
Lapis 29 (9)
        • Geyer - Silberberg District
          • Silberberg
Schnorrer et al. (2002)
Poeverlein et al. (2007)
Der Aufschluß (2006)
Schnorrer et al. (2008)
        • Hof
Schnorrer et al. (2010)
Schnorrer et al. (2005)
Schnorrer+Poeverlein (2005)
    • Landeck District
      • Flirsch
58. +1 other reference
    • Schwaz District
      • Ringenwechsel mining district
Arlt et al. (1994)
        • Weißer Schrofen
Schnorrer et al. (2007)
Brazil
 
  • Bahia
    • Piatã
      • Inúbia
Lapis 32 (12)
Bulgaria
 
  • Sofia Province
    • Svoge Municipality
      • Bov
Minceva-Stefanova (2001)
  • Vratsa Province
    • Balkan Mts (Stara Planina)
Minceva-Stefanova (2001)
Minceva-Stefanova (2001)
Chile
 
  • Atacama
    • Chañaral Province
      • Potrerillos
collected and analysed by french ...
    • Copiapó Province
      • Tierra Amarilla
        • Pampa Larga mining district
maurizio dini collection - quantitative ...
  • Coquimbo
    • Limarí Province
      • Combarbalá
        • Cogotí
Samples analysed by Dr. Jochen Schluter et al. (Salzburg Department of Mineralogy)
China
 
  • Guangxi
    • Baise
      • Debao Co.
Lairen Lai et al. (1997)
Czech Republic
 
  • Karlovy Vary Region
    • Karlovy Vary District
Lapis 2002 (7/8)
France
 
  • Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
    • Rhône
      • Villefranche-sur-Saône
        • Les Ardillats
Favreau G. et al. (1996)
  • Grand Est
    • Vosges
      • Épinal
        • Le Val-d'Ajol
          • Faymont
Escande et al. (1973) +6 other references
Escande et al. (1973) +6 other references
  • Nouvelle-Aquitaine
    • Haute-Vienne
      • Bellac
        • Vaulry
          • Vaulry Mines
Queneau (n.d.)
La minéralogie. Béryl Limousin +1 other reference
  • Occitanie
    • Aude
      • Carcassonne
        • Salsigne
Forner et al. (1997)
      • Narbonne
        • Padern
www.zampano.com (n.d.)
    • Aveyron
      • Millau
        • Saint-Rome-de-Tarn
Queneau (n.d.)
      • Rodez
        • Pruines
Lheur (2023)
      • Villefranche-de-Rouergue
        • Monteils
Favreau et al. (2010)
    • Tarn
      • Albi
        • Paulinet
          • Saint-Jean-de-Jeannes
Ref: Boisson J.M.
  • Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
    • Alpes-Maritimes
      • Nice
        • Daluis
Mari et al. (1997)
    • Var
      • Toulon
        • Le Pradet
Jean-Marie Claude collection +4 other references
trouvaille 1980 _ collection personnelle
Germany
 
  • Baden-Württemberg
    • Freiburg Region
      • Ortenaukreis
        • Gengenbach
          • Gengenbach
Wittern (1995)
        • Oberwolfach
Walenta (1992) +1 other reference
          • Tiefenbach valley
Walenta (1992)
      • Rottweil
        • Schenkenzell
          • Wittichen
            • Burgfelsen
            • Heubach Valley
Walenta (1992)
    • Karlsruhe Region
      • Calw
American Mineralogist: 67: 854. +1 other reference
      • Freudenstadt
        • Baiersbronn
          • Schönegründ
Slotta (2016)
Wittern (2001)
  • North Rhine-Westphalia
    • Arnsberg
      • Siegen-Wittgenstein
        • Hilchenbach
          • Müsen
54 +2 other references
        • Siegen
          • Eiserfeld
Wittern (2001) +1 other reference
          • Gosenbach
Wittern (2001)
          • Niederschelden
Heinrich et al. (2011)
  • Rhineland-Palatinate
    • Rhein-Lahn-Kreis
      • Lahnstein
        • Friedrichssegen
58. +1 other reference
  • Saxony
    • Erzgebirgskreis
      • Bärenstein
        • Niederschlag
Lapis (4)
      • Raschau-Markersbach
        • Langenberg
          • Graul
www.dergraul.de (2001)
Greece
 
  • Attica
    • East Attica
      • Lavreotiki
        • Lavrion Mining District
          • Agios Konstantinos (Kamariza)
            • Kamariza Mines (Kamareza Mines)
Lapis (May 2003)
Karl Heinz Fabritz collection +1 other reference
LAPIS 24 (7/8) +1 other reference
            • Mercati mines
62 +2 other references
Hungary
 
  • Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County
    • Kazincbarcika District
collection: Gábor Koller
  • Fejér County
    • Gárdony District
      • Sukoró
HOM Collection-Szakáll S. 2010
Ireland
 
  • Connacht
    • Galway County
      • Killimor
de Haller
Italy
 
  • Friuli Venezia Giulia
    • Udine Province
      • Cercivento
Bortolozzi et al. (2017)
      • Forni Avoltri
Carnia (Udine, Friuli-Venezia Giulia) +1 other reference
  • Liguria
    • Genoa
Pagano et al. (2001)
        • Statale
Marchesini M. (1999)
    • La Spezia Province
      • Rocchetta di Vara
Palenzona et al. (2002)
  • Lombardy
    • Lecco Province
      • Primaluna
        • Cortabbio
Carmagnola et al. (2019)
      • Valsassina
        • Introbio
Vergani (2019) +1 other reference
  • Sardinia
    • South Sardinia Province
      • Muravera
Stara et al. (1993)
  • Trentino-Alto Adige (Trentino-South Tyrol)
    • Trento Province (Trentino)
      • Ville di Fiemme
        • Carano
Ferretti et al. (2019)
  • Tuscany
    • Massa-Carrara Province
Orlandi et al. (2009)
        • Colonnata quarrying basin
          • Colonnata
Orlandi (2004) +1 other reference
Orlandi et al. (2009)
        • Casette
Orlandi et al. (2002) +1 other reference
  • Veneto
    • Vicenza Province
      • Torrebelvicino
        • Mercanti Valley
          • Zuccanti Valley
Saccardo D. et al. (Torrebelvicino, Vicenza)
      • Valli del Pasubio
Domenico Saccardo et al. (2019) +1 other reference
Japan
 
  • Shizuoka Prefecture
    • Shimoda City
      • Rendaiji
Matsubara (2002)
  • Yamaguchi Prefecture
    • Mine city
Nagashima et al. (2016)
Morocco
 
  • Drâa-Tafilalet Region
    • Ouarzazate Province
      • Amerzgane Cercle
        • Ouisselsate Caïdat
Favreau et al. (2006)
    • Zagora Province
      • Agdz Cercle
        • Bou Skour mining district
Jean-Pierre Barral collection (EDS-analysed)
Georges Favreau collection
Namibia
 
  • Oshikoto Region
    • Tsumeb
Gebhard (1999)
Portugal
 
  • Castelo Branco
    • Vila Velha de Ródão
      • Vila Velha de Ródão
        • Sitio do Cobre Mine
Pedro Alves collection and analytical ...
Slovakia
 
  • Banská Bystrica Region
    • Banská Bystrica District
      • Ľubietová
Sejkora (1993)
      • Poniky
Števko M.
Spain
 
  • Andalusia
    • Almería
      • Cuevas del Almanzora
Georges FAVREAU collection & EDX ...
      • Huércal-Overa
        • Cuesta Alta
          • Cerro Minado Mines
VIÑALS et al. (2004)
      • Níjar
        • Rodalquilar
Calvo (2015)
  • Aragon
    • Zaragoza
      • Alpartir
Calvo Rebollar (2015)
  • Catalonia
    • Tarragona
      • Baix Camp
        • Capafonts
Joan Abella i Creus (Joanabellacreus@gmail.com)
        • L'Argentera
Joan Abella i Creus (Joanabellacreus@gmail.com)
  • Valencian Community
    • Castellón
      • Vall de Almonacid
        • Fuente Huerpita
Calvo (2015)
Mineralogía de la concesión San Rafael
        • San Rafael claim
issuu.com (n.d.) +1 other reference
Switzerland
 
  • Glarus
    • Glarus Nord
        • Chalttal area
Malcherek et al. (2024) +1 other reference
Meisser (1999)
  • Valais
    • Goms
      • Binn
Cuchet et al. (2019)
    • Sierre
      • Anniviers
        • Grimentz
Ansermet (2012)
          • Marais Alp
Ansermet et al. (2012)
        • Saint-Luc
Ansermet et al. (2021)
      • Sierre
        • Granges
Cuchet et al. (2002)
Thailand
 
  • Phang Nga Province
    • Thai Mueang
      • Lam Phi
        • Chang Non
Queneau (n.d.)
UK
 
  • England
    • Cornwall
      • Camborne
        • Beacon
Golley et al. (1995)
      • Carharrack
[Ian Bruce collected material +1 other reference
      • Gwennap
        • St Day
Golley et al. (1995)
      • Lanivet
        • Mulberry Downs
Golley et al. (1995)
      • Linkinhorne
        • Upton Cross
Golley et al. (1995)
      • St Day
Golley et al. (1995)
      • St Hilary
Golley et al. (1995)
    • Cumbria
      • Allerdale
        • Caldbeck
- (2006)
    • Leicestershire
      • Hinckley and Bosworth
        • Stanton under Bardon
          • Cliffe Hill Quarry
Hubbard et al. (2005)
  • Wales
    • Ceredigion
      • Trefeirig
        • Goginan
Rust et al. (1994)
USA
 
  • Arizona
    • Coconino County
      • Grandview Mining District
        • Horseshoe Mesa
Anthony et al. (1995)
  • Colorado
    • Hinsdale County
Eckel et al. (1997)
  • Nevada
    • Esmeralda County
      • Weepah Mining District
Castor et al. (2004)
    • Pershing County
      • Antelope Mining District
American Mineralogist +2 other references
Jensen (1993)
    • Washoe County
      • Pyramid Mining District
        • Burrus vein system
Rocks & Minerals
  • Utah
    • Juab County
      • Tintic Mining District
        • Mammoth
collected by Brent Thorne
Collected by and in the collection of ...
          • North Star Mine (Star Consolidated Mine)
Collected by and in the collection of ...
    • Tooele County
      • Gold Hill Mining District (Clifton Mining District)
        • Gold Hill
Kokinos et al. (1993)
Min Rec 24:1 pp11-22
Min Rec 24:1 pp11-22
  • Washington
    • Snohomish County
      • Monte Cristo Mining District
...
 
Mineral and/or Locality  
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