Penfieldite

Penfieldite

Margarita Mine, Caracoles, Sierra Gorda District, Antofagasta Province, Antofagasta, Chile

Penfieldite

Margarita Mine, Caracoles, Sierra Gorda District, Antofagasta Province, Antofagasta, Chile

Penfieldite

Margarita Mine, Caracoles, Sierra Gorda District, Antofagasta Province, Antofagasta, Chile

Penfieldite

Margarita Mine, Caracoles, Sierra Gorda District, Antofagasta Province, Antofagasta, Chile

Penfieldite

Margarita Mine, Caracoles, Sierra Gorda District, Antofagasta Province, Antofagasta, Chile

Penfieldite

Margarita Mine, Caracoles, Sierra Gorda District, Antofagasta Province, Antofagasta, Chile

Penfieldite

Margarita Mine, Caracoles, Sierra Gorda District, Antofagasta Province, Antofagasta, Chile

Penfieldite

Margarita Mine, Caracoles, Sierra Gorda District, Antofagasta Province, Antofagasta, Chile

About PenfielditeHide

Samuel Lewis Penfield

Formula:

Pb₂Cl₃(OH)

Colour:

Colourless, white, yellowish or bluish tints

Lustre:

Adamantine, Greasy

Hardness:

3 - 4

Specific Gravity:

5.82 - 6.61

Crystal System:

Hexagonal

Name:

For US mineralogist, Samuel Lewis Penfield (Catskill, New York, January 16, 1856 - August 12, 1906, at South Woodstock, Connecticut), Yale University.

Type Locality:

ⓘ Lavrion District slag localities, Lavreotiki, East Attica, Attica, Greece

Soluble in water, leaving a yellowish white lead oxychloride residue.

Classification of PenfielditeHide

Pronounciation of PenfielditeHide

Physical Properties of PenfielditeHide

Optical Data of PenfielditeHide

Type:

Uniaxial (+)

RI values:

n_ω = 2.130() n_ε = 2.210(1)

Max Birefringence:

δ = 0.080

Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.

Surface Relief:

Very High

Chemical Properties of PenfielditeHide

Crystallography of PenfielditeHide

Crystallographic forms of PenfielditeHide

Crystal Atlas:

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Penfieldite no.1 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)

3d models and HTML5 code kindly provided by www.smorf.nl.

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Radiation - Copper Kα

Data Set: Margarita mine, Sierra Gorda, Antofagasta, Chile 2346

Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.

Type Occurrence of PenfielditeHide

Other Language Names for PenfielditeHide

Common AssociatesHide

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz GroupingHide

Related Minerals - Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals GroupingHide

Other InformationHide

References for PenfielditeHide

Internet Links for PenfielditeHide

Localities for PenfielditeHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (eg from pseudomorphs.)

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.

Afghanistan
Panjshir Khinj District ⓘ Panjsher Valley slag deposits	Merkel, S., Bräutigam, B., Klein, S., & Hauptmann, A. (2013). The Analysis of Slag from the Panjhır Mining Region, Afghanistan: An Investigation of (Medieval) Silver Production Technology. Archäologische Mitteilungen, 45, 231-250.
Austria
Carinthia Friesach - Hüttenberg area Hüttenberg Waitschach ⓘ Slag localities	Kolitsch, U., Brandstätter, F., Schreiber, F., Fink, R. & Auer, C. (2013): Die Mineralogie der weltweit einzigartigen Schlacken von Waitschach, Kärnten. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, Serie A, 115, 19-87 (in German).
Chile
Antofagasta Antofagasta Province ⓘ Sierra Gorda District	Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 67.
Caracoles ⓘ Asunción Mine	Brugger J, Meisser N, Ansermat S, Krivovichev S V, Kahlenberg V, Belton D, Ryan C G (2012) Leucostaurite, Pb2[B5O9]Cl·0.5H2O, from the Atacama Desert: The first Pb-dominant member of the hilgardite group, and micro-determination of boron minerals by PIGE. American Mineralogist 97, 1206-1212
ⓘ Margarita Mine	Freundlich, B. F., Imel, A., Imel, L., Sperber, D., Sperber, P., Steele-Sperber, L., ... & McGrath, B. 39th Rochester Mineralogical Symposium.; maurizio dini collection - analysed material
Czech Republic
Central Bohemian Region Příbram ⓘ Lhota Smelter (Lotha Smelter) slag locality	C.Auer (2017)
Greece
Attica East Attica Lavreotiki ⓘ Lavrion District Mines	Kolitsch, U., Rieck, B., Brandstätter, F., Schreiber, F., Fabritz, K. H., Blaß, G. & Gröbner, J. (2014): Neufunde aus dem altem Bergbau und den Schlacken von Lavrion (I). Mineralien-Welt 25 (1), 60-75 (in German). [identification announced; no description given yet]
Sounion area Sounion Mines ⓘ Sounion Mine No. 19 ("Chloridstollen")	Rieck, B., Kolitsch, U., Voudouris, P., Giester, G. and Tzeferis, P. (2018): Weitere Neufunde aus Lavrion, Griechenland. Mineralien-Welt 29 (5), 32-77 (in German).
ⓘ Lavrion District slag localities (TL)	Smith, G. F. H. (1899): On some lead minerals from Laurium, namely, laurionite, phosgenite, fiedlerite, and (new species) paralaurionite. Mineralogical Magazine, 12, 102-110.; American Mineralogist (1941): 26: 293; Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 67; Cesbron, F. & Schubnel, H. J. (1968): Penfieldite. Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie et de Cristallographie, 91, 407-408 (in French).; Gelaude, Piet, van Kalmthout, Piet and Rewitzer, Christian, Laurion: The Minerals in the Ancient Slags; Grolig, H. & Grolig, E. (1978): Lavrion in Attika. Lapis, 3 (5), 16-25; 40 (in German).
Passa Limani area ⓘ Passa Limani Cove slag locality (Pacha Limani Cove slag locality)	Gelaude, Piet, van Kalmthout, Piet, and Rewitzer, Christian (1996) Laurion: The Minerals of the Ancient Slags, Janssen Print, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Sounion area ⓘ Harakas Cove slag locality (Charakas; Xarakas; Xaracas)	Fritz Schreiber Collection
ⓘ Legrena Cove slag locality (Legraina Cove)	Laurion The minerals in the ancient slags,page 115
ⓘ Sounion Cove slag locality	Gelaude, Piet, van Kalmthout, Piet and Rewitzer, Christian, (1996) Laurion: The Minerals in the Ancient Slags, Janssen Print, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Thorikos area ⓘ Thorikos Bay slag locality	Gelaude, Piet, van Kalmthout, Piet and Rewitzer, Christian (1996) Laurion: The Minerals in the Ancient Slags, Janssen Print, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Vrissaki area ⓘ Vrissaki Point slag locality	Lacroix, A. & De Schulten, A. (1908): Note sur des minéraux plombifères des scories athéniennes du Laurion. Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie et de Cristallographie, 31, 79-90 (in French).; Gelaude, Piet, van Kalmthout, Piet, and Rewitzer, Christian (1996) Laurion: The Minerals in the Ancient Slags, Janssen Print, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Italy
Latium Rome Province Anzio ⓘ Tor Caldara slag locality	Palombi, S., Bellatreccia, F. & Pucci, R. (2009): Le scorie metallurgiche di Tor Caldara, Anzio - RM. Il Cercapietre, no. 1-2, 44-56. [http://www.gminromano.it/Cercapietre/rivista09/art03.pdf]
Liguria Genova Province Genova Varenna Valley ⓘ Carpenara slag locality	Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 2 (Avril/Juin), 175-188.
Tuscany Livorno Province Campigliese (Campiglia Mountains; Campiglia Ridge) Campiglia Marittima Madonna di Fucinaia (Madonna della Fucinaia) slag heaps ⓘ Capattoli Valley slag locality	http://www.comune.pisa.it/apsn/Articoli/Scorie/Capattoli.htm
Piombino ⓘ Baratti slag locality	Franzini, M., Perchiazzi, N. (1992): I minerali delle scorie ferrifere etrusche di Baratti (Livorno). Atti della Società Toscana di Scienze Naturali, Memorie, Serie A, 99, 43-77; Franzini, M., Perchiazzi, N., Bartoli, M.L., Chiappino, L. (1992): Baratti (LI): una nuova località mineralogica italiana analoga al Laurion. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 15, 2 (2-1992), 67-75 [2a parte]; Cerutti, G., Preite, D. (1995): Mineralien der etruskischen Schlacken von Baratti, Toskana. Lapis, 20, 4, 13-18 and 50.
South Africa
North West Bojanala Platinum District ⓘ Merensky Reef	Barkov, A. Y., Martin, R. F., Kaukonen, R. J., & Alapieti, T. T. (2001). The occurrence of Pb–Cl–(OH) and Pt–Sn–S compounds in the Merensky reef, Bushveld layered complex, South Africa. The Canadian Mineralogist, 39(5), 1397-1403.
Spain
Murcia Cartagena Cabo de Palos Range ⓘ Ferruginosa mine	Rewitzer, C., Calvo, M. Hochleitner, R., and Utrera, C. (2018). Cotunnite, caracolite, sideronatrite and other rare secondary minerals in the "Ferruginosa" mine, Cabo de Palos, Cartagena, Murcia, Spain. Mineral Up, 5 (1), 66-79.
Tunisia
Mahdia Governorate Mahdia ⓘ Late-Hellenistic shipwreck	Kutzke, H., Barbier, B., Becker, P. & Eggert, G. (1997): Barstowite as a corrosion product on a lead object from the Mahdia shipwreck. Studies in Conservation 42, 176-180.
UK
England Cornwall Crantock ⓘ The Gannel Smelter slag locality	BMS Newsletter 79, March 2010 (http://britishmicromountsociety.homestead.com/Gannell-Smelter.html)
USA
Idaho Shoshone Co. Coeur d'Alene District Mullan ⓘ Little Giant Lode (Little Giant Mine; Upper Giant Prospect; Upper Giant Mine)	R&M 70:4 pp 242-263
Vietnam	Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data (2011)