Braithwaiteite
A valid IMA mineral species
This page is currently not sponsored. Click here to sponsor this page.
About Braithwaiteite
Formula:
NaCu5(Ti4+Sb5+)(AsO4)4(HAsO4)2O2 · 8H2O
Ti and Sb disordered on same crystal site: ratio is 0.87:1.13 in type material.
Colour:
Blue
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
2
Specific Gravity:
3.442
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Name:
Named in 2009 by Werner H. Paar, Mark A. Cooper, Frank C. Hawthorne, Elizabeth Moffatt, Mickey E. Gunter, Andrew C. Roberts, and Pete J. Dunn in honour of Richard S. W. Braithwaite [1930-], a British mineral spectroscopist and professor at the University of Manchester, United Kingdom.
New structure type.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
31499
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:31499:0
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
b824c1bc-0bb4-4775-bcab-9c1c361122a2
IMA Classification of Braithwaiteite
Approved
IMA Formula:
NaCu2+5(Sb5+Ti4+)O2(AsO4)4[AsO3(OH)]2 · 8H2O
Approval year:
2006
First published:
2009
Classification of Braithwaiteite
8.DB.75
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
D : Phosphates, etc. with additional anions, with H2O
B : With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4< 1:1
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
D : Phosphates, etc. with additional anions, with H2O
B : With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4< 1:1
39.3.16.
39 : HYDRATED ACID PHOSPHATES,ARSENATES AND VANADATES
3 : Miscellaneous
39 : HYDRATED ACID PHOSPHATES,ARSENATES AND VANADATES
3 : Miscellaneous
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Bwt | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Pronunciation of Braithwaiteite
Pronunciation:
Play | Recorded by | Country |
---|---|---|
Jolyon Ralph | United Kingdom |
Physical Properties of Braithwaiteite
Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Blue
Streak:
Very pale blue
Hardness:
2 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
{001}
{001}
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
3.442 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.753 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Braithwaiteite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.698 nβ = 1.758 nγ = 1.784
2V:
Measured: 59° , Calculated: 65°
Birefringence:
0.085
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.085
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
High
Optical Extinction:
X ∧ a = 20.5°, X ∧ b = 109.2°, X ∧ c = 110.8°.
Y ∧ a = 69.5°, Y ∧ b = 42.3°, Y ∧ c = 79.9°.
Z ∧ a = 88.4°, Z ∧ b = 125.9°, Z ∧ c = 23.4°.
Y ∧ a = 69.5°, Y ∧ b = 42.3°, Y ∧ c = 79.9°.
Z ∧ a = 88.4°, Z ∧ b = 125.9°, Z ∧ c = 23.4°.
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
X = Y = pale blue, Z = greenish blue.
Comments:
Absorption: X = Y < Z.
Chemistry of Braithwaiteite
Mindat Formula:
NaCu5(Ti4+Sb5+)(AsO4)4(HAsO4)2O2 · 8H2O
Ti and Sb disordered on same crystal site: ratio is 0.87:1.13 in type material.
Ti and Sb disordered on same crystal site: ratio is 0.87:1.13 in type material.
Crystallography of Braithwaiteite
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Class (H-M):
1 - Pinacoidal
Space Group:
P1
Setting:
P1
Cell Parameters:
a = 7.0308 Å, b = 9.8823 Å, c = 10.6754 Å
α = 106.973°, β = 104.274°, γ = 93.839°
α = 106.973°, β = 104.274°, γ = 93.839°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.711 : 1 : 1.08
Unit Cell V:
679.76 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
1
Morphology:
Lath-like. Forms include {100}, {103}, {001}, {203}.
Crystal Structure
Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Show
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
Remove metal-metal sticks
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
Remove metal-metal sticks
Display Options
Black Background | White Background
Perspective On | Perspective Off
2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan
Black Background | White Background
Perspective On | Perspective Off
2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan
View
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
Rotation
Stop | Start
Stop | Start
Labels
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0013021 | Braithwaiteite | Hawthorne F C, Cooper M A, Paar W H (2008) The crystal structure of braithwaiteite Journal of Coordination Chemistry 61 15-29 | 2008 | Black Vein, Laurani, Bolivia | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
9.825 Å | (100) |
9.334 Å | (10) |
5.887 Å | (50) |
5.454 Å | (15) |
5.075 Å | (20) |
4.635 Å | (30) |
4.109 Å | (20) |
3.674 Å | (25) |
3.601 Å | (3) |
3.503 Å | (20) |
3.354 Å | (30) |
3.232 Å | (30) |
3.195 Å | (5) |
3.105 Å | (20) |
3.020 Å | (5) |
2.947 Å | (60) |
2.858 Å | (10) |
2.812 Å | (3) |
2.736 Å | (30 |
2.633 Å | (3) |
2.589 Å | (5) |
2.548 Å | (5) |
2.524 Å | (10) |
2.442 Å | (30b) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
47d : [Arsenates, antimonates, selenates, bismuthinates] |
Type Occurrence of Braithwaiteite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Small dark sky-blue bladed crystals or masses.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, number CMNMC 86085.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Oxidized portion of an epithermal vein deposit.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Braithwaiteite
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
8.DB. | Arangasite | Al2F(PO4)(SO4) · 9H2O |
8.DB. | Camaronesite | [Fe3+(H2O)2(PO3OH)]2(SO4) · 1-2H2O |
8.DB. | Höslite | Fe3+3(VO4)2(SO4)(OH)(H2O)4 · 3H2O |
8.DB.05 | Diadochite | Fe3+2(PO4)(SO4)(OH) · 6H2O |
8.DB.05 | Pitticite | (Fe, AsO4, H2O) (?) |
8.DB.05 | Destinezite | Fe3+2(PO4)(SO4)(OH) · 6H2O |
8.DB.07 | Wilhelmgümbelite | ZnFe2+Fe3+3(PO4)3(OH)4(H2O)5 · 2H2O |
8.DB.07 | Schmidite | [Zn2(Fe3+,Mn2+)2Fe3+(PO4)3(OH)3(H2O)6] · 2H2O |
8.DB.07 | Wildenauerite | Zn(Fe3+,Mn2+)2MnFe3+(PO4)3(OH)3(H2O)6 · 2H2O |
8.DB.10 | Vashegyite | Al11(PO4)9(OH)6 · 38H2O |
8.DB.15 | Schoonerite | ZnMn2+Fe2+2Fe3+(PO4)3(OH)2 · 9H2O |
8.DB.20 | Sinkankasite | Mn2+Al(PO3OH)2(OH) · 6H2O |
8.DB.25 | Mitryaevaite | Al6(PO4)((P,S)O3(OH,O))2F2(OH)2 · 14.5H2O |
8.DB.30 | Sanjuanite | Al2(PO4)(SO4)(OH) · 9H2O |
8.DB.35 | Sarmientite | Fe3+2(AsO4)(SO4)(OH) · 5H2O |
8.DB.40 | Bukovskýite | Fe3+2(AsO4)(SO4)(OH) · 9H2O |
8.DB.40 | Flurlite | Zn3Mn2+Fe3+(PO4)3(OH)2 · 9H2O |
8.DB.40 | Manganflurlite | ZnMn2+3Fe3+(PO4)3(OH)2(H2O)7 · 2H2O |
8.DB.42 | Bohuslavite | Fe3+4(PO4)3(SO4)(OH) · nH2O |
8.DB.45 | Zýkaite | Fe3+4(AsO4)3(SO4)(OH) · 15H2O |
8.DB.47 | Lapeyreite | Cu3O[AsO3(OH)]2 · 0.75H2O |
8.DB.50 | Giniite | Fe2+Fe3+4(PO4)3(OH)5 · 2H2O |
8.DB.50 | Rossiantonite | Al3(PO4)(SO4)2(OH)2(H2O)14 |
8.DB.52 | Arctowskite | Al9(PO4)8(OH)3 · 27H2O |
8.DB.55 | Sasaite | (Al,Fe3+)14(PO4)11(SO4)(OH)7 · 83H2O |
8.DB.60 | Mcauslanite | Fe3Al2(PO4)3(PO3OH)F · 18H2O |
8.DB.65 | Goldquarryite | CuCd2Al3(PO4)4F2(H2O,F)2 · 10H2O |
8.DB.70 | Birchite | Cd2Cu2(PO4)2(SO4) · 5H2O |
Fluorescence of Braithwaiteite
Not fluorescent in UV.
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Braithwaiteite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-31499.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
External Links:
References for Braithwaiteite
Localities for Braithwaiteite
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Bolivia (TL) | |
| Canadian Mineralogist 47 (2009) |
Quick NavTopAbout BraithwaiteiteUnique IdentifiersIMA Classification Classification Mineral SymbolsPronunciation Physical Properties Optical Data Chemistry Crystallography Crystal StructureX-Ray Powder DiffractionGeological EnvironmentType Occurrence SynonymsStrunz-MindatFluorescence Other InformationInternet Links References Localities Locality List
Laurani Mine, Laurani District, Aroma Province, La Paz, Bolivia