Petalite
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About Petalite
Formula:
LiAl(Si4O10)
Colour:
Colourless, white, grey, pink
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
6½
Specific Gravity:
2.412 - 2.422
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
From the Greek "petalon" for leaf, in allusion to the perfect basal cleavage.
Type Locality:
Classification of Petalite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
8/J.03-10
9.EF.05
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
E : Phyllosilicates
F : Single nets with 6-membered rings, connected by M[4], M[8], etc.
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
E : Phyllosilicates
F : Single nets with 6-membered rings, connected by M[4], M[8], etc.
72.6.1.1
72 : PHYLLOSILICATES Two-Dimensional Infinite Sheets with Other Than Six-Membered Rings
6 : Two-Dimensional Infinite Sheets with Other Than Six-Membered Rings with tetrahedral Al cross-linking
72 : PHYLLOSILICATES Two-Dimensional Infinite Sheets with Other Than Six-Membered Rings
6 : Two-Dimensional Infinite Sheets with Other Than Six-Membered Rings with tetrahedral Al cross-linking
16.1.1
16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
1 : Aluminosilicates of Li
16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
1 : Aluminosilicates of Li
Physical Properties of Petalite
Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Comment:
Pearly on cleavage {001}
Colour:
Colourless, white, grey, pink
Streak:
White
Hardness:
6½ on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
Perfect on {001}
poor on {201}
Perfect on {001}
poor on {201}
Fracture:
Conchoidal
Density:
2.412 - 2.422 g/cm3 (Measured) 2.4 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Petalite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.504 nβ = 1.510 nγ = 1.516
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.012

Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Low
Dispersion:
r > v weak
Chemical Properties of Petalite
Formula:
LiAl(Si4O10)
IMA Formula:
LiAlSi4O10
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
Mg,Fe,Na,Ca,K,H2O
Crystallography of Petalite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P2/b
Cell Parameters:
a = 11.737 Å, b = 5.171 Å, c = 7.63 Å
β = 112.54°
β = 112.54°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 2.27 : 1 : 1.476
Unit Cell V:
427.71 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Tabular or elongated
Twinning:
Common on {001}, lamellar
Type Occurrence of Petalite
Synonyms of Petalite
Other Language Names for Petalite
Common Associates
Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
Pollucite | (Cs,Na)2(Al2Si4O12) · 2H2O |
Polylithionite-Trilithionite Series | |
Quartz | SiO2 |
Spodumene | LiAlSi2O6 |
Topaz | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
Tourmaline | A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
Lepidolite | 4 photos of Petalite associated with Lepidolite on mindat.org. |
Montmorillonite | 4 photos of Petalite associated with Montmorillonite on mindat.org. |
Microcline | 4 photos of Petalite associated with Microcline on mindat.org. |
Elbaite | 3 photos of Petalite associated with Elbaite on mindat.org. |
Montebrasite | 3 photos of Petalite associated with Montebrasite on mindat.org. |
Orthoclase | 2 photos of Petalite associated with Orthoclase on mindat.org. |
Phenakite | 2 photos of Petalite associated with Phenakite on mindat.org. |
Spessartine | 2 photos of Petalite associated with Spessartine on mindat.org. |
Stilbite-Ca | 2 photos of Petalite associated with Stilbite-Ca on mindat.org. |
Quartz | 2 photos of Petalite associated with Quartz on mindat.org. |
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping
9.EF.10 | Sanbornite | Ba2(Si4O10) | Orth. |
9.EF.15 | Searlesite | Na(H2BSi2O7) | Mon. 2 : P21 |
9.EF.20 | Silinaite | NaLiSi2O5 · 2H2O | Mon. 2/m |
9.EF.25 | Kanemite | HNaSi2O5 · 3H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma |
9.EF.30 | Yakovenchukite-(Y) | K3NaCaY2[Si12O30] · 4H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pcca |
Related Minerals - Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals Grouping
16.1.2 | Spodumene | LiAlSi2O6 | Mon. |
16.1.3 | Eucryptite | LiAlSiO4 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
16.1.4 | Virgilite | LiAlSi2O6 | Hex. 6 2 2 : P62 2 2 |
16.1.5 | Cookeite | (Al2Li)Al2(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 | Mon. 2/m |
16.1.6 | Bikitaite | LiAlSi2O6 · H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
16.1.7 | Lunijianlaite | Li0.7Al6.2(AlSi7O20)(OH,O)10 | Mon. |
16.1.8 | Swinefordite | Li(Al,Li,Mg)4((Si,Al)4O10)2(OH,F)4 · nH2O | Mon. |
16.1.9 | Holmquistite | ☐{Li2}{Mg3Al2}(Si8O22)(OH)2 | Orth. |
16.1.13 | Clino-holmquistite Root Name | ☐{Li2}{Z2+3Z3+2}(Si8O22)(OH,F,Cl)2 | Mon. |
16.1.14 | Magnesioholmquistite | ☐{Li2}{Mg3Al2}(Si8O22)(OH)2 | |
16.1.15 | Bityite | LiCaAl2(AlBeSi2O10)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
16.1.16 | Sogdianite | K(□,Na)2Li3(Zr,Fe,Ti)2[Si12O30] | Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P6/mcc |
16.1.17 | Sugilite | K(Na,□)2Li3(Fe,Mn,Al,Zr)2[Si12O30] | Hex. |
Other Information
Thermal Behaviour:
Thermoluminescent
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Industrial Uses:
Lithium ore
Petalite in petrology
An essential component of rock names highlighted in red, an accessory component in rock names highlighted in green.
References for Petalite
Reference List:
Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)
Dana, E.S. (1892) Dana's system of mineralogy, (6th edition), 311-312.
Deer, W.A., R.A. Howie, and J. Zussman (1963) Rock-forming minerals, vol. 4, framework silicates: 271-275.
Tagai, T., H. Ried, W. Joswig, and M. Korekawa (1982) Kristallgraphische Untersuchungen eines Petalits mittels Neutronenbeugung und Transmissionelektronenmikroskopie. Zeits. Krist., 160, 159-170 (in German with English abstract).
Černý, P. and D. London (1983) Crystal chemistry and stablity of petalite. Tschermaks Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen: 31: 81-96.
Zeitschrift für Kristallographie (1991): 197: 27-40.
Internet Links for Petalite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3171.html
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Please feel free to link to this page.
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External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
Localities for Petalite
Locality List




All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Afghanistan | |
| Orris, G.J., and Bliss, J.D. (2002): Mines and Mineral Occurrences of Afghanistan. United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-110. |
| Orris, G.J., and Bliss, J.D. (2002): Mines and Mineral Occurrences of Afghanistan. United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-110. |
| Orris, G.J., and Bliss, J.D. (2002): Mines and Mineral Occurrences of Afghanistan. United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-110 |
| Lyckberg, P. (2011): Edelstein-Pegmatite in Afghanistan: Paprok. Mineralien-Welt. 22 (3): 46-57 |
Angola | |
| Antonio Olimpio Gonçalves, Joan Carles Melgarejo, Pura Alfonso Abella (2009) SEQUENCE OF CRYSTALLISATION OF PEGMATITES: THE ANGOLA CASE. Estudos Geológicos v. 19 (2), pp 35-39 |
Argentina | |
| Galliski, M. A., & Černý, P. (2006). Geochemistry and structural state of columbite-group minerals in granitic pegmatites of the Pampean Ranges, Argentina. The Canadian Mineralogist, 44(3), 645-666. |
Australia | |
| Jacobson, M., Calderwood, M., Grguric, B.(2007): Pegmatites of Western Australia |
Report of the Department of Mines for the State of Western Australia for the Year 1942, pp 84-85. | |
Jacobson, M., Calderwood, M., Grguric, B.(2007): Pegmatites of Western Australia | |
| M. Jacobson, M. Calderwood, B. Grguric; Pegmaites of Western Australia; (Perth 2007) |
Fetherston, J. M., Stocklmayer, S. M. and Stocklmayer, V. C. (2013): Gemstones of Western Australia. Mineral Resources Bulletin 25, Geological Survey of Western Australia, Perth, Australia, 306 pp. | |
http://www.pioneerresources.com.au/project_pioneerdome.php | |
Brazil | |
| Rob Lavinsky, Martins da Piedra, Rafael Hernandes Correa-Silva, and John Sobolewski specimens |
| Rob Lavinsky |
| [MinRec 12:74]; Quéméneur, J., & Lagache, M. (1999). Comparative study of two pegmatitic fields from Minas Gerais, Brazil, using rubidium and cesium content of the micas and feldspars. Brazilian Journal of Geology, 29(1), 27-32. |
| Quéméneur, J., & Lagache, M. (1999). Comparative study of two pegmatitic fields from Minas Gerais, Brazil, using rubidium and cesium content of the micas and feldspars. Brazilian Journal of Geology, 29(1), 27-32. |
Quéméneur, J., & Lagache, M. (1999). Comparative study of two pegmatitic fields from Minas Gerais, Brazil, using rubidium and cesium content of the micas and feldspars. Brazilian Journal of Geology, 29(1), 27-32. | |
| Canadian Mineralogist 38: 1399-1408 (2000) |
| http://rruff.geo.arizona.edu/doclib/hom/parabariomicrolite.pdf.; Canadian Mineralogist (1986): 24: 655-663. |
Canada | |
| DIXON,A., CEMPIREK, J. & GROAT, L.A. (2014) Mineralogy and geochemistry of pegmatites on Mount Begbie, British Columbia. Canadian Mineralogist 52, 129-164.; Dixon, A. (2014, October). Mount Begbie Pegmatite Group, British Columbia, Canada–evolution from Barren to Complex Rare-element Pegmatites. In 2014 GSA Annual Meeting in Vancouver, British Columbia. |
| Canadian Mineralogist: 40: 1339-1345. |
| Bull. Minéral. , 1984, 107, pp. 369-384.; Econ Geol (1995) 90:658-675 |
Phillips, K. A. (1978) Minerals of Manitoba: Vol 1 Nonmetallic and pegmatic. Manitoba Mineral Resources Division Educational Series 78/1. | |
Econ Geol (1995) 90:658-675 | |
MinRec 32:416; Tschernich, R. (1992): Zeolites of the World, p.51; Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 16, pp, 625-640 (1978) | |
CAMACHO, A., BAADSGAARD, H., DAVIS, D.W., ČERNY, P. (2012) Radiogenic isotope systematics of the Tanco and Siverleaf granitic pegmatites; Winnipeg River pegmatite district, Manitoba, Canadian Mineralogist 50, 1775-1792. | |
| Xianjue Wang, Xiaolin Xiong, and Cerny, P. (2002): Geochimica 5, 481-486.; Černý, O., Teertstra, D.K., Chapman, R., Selway, J.B., Hawthorne, F.C., Ferreira, K., Chackowsky, L.E., Wang, X.J. & and Meintzer, R.E. (2012); Černý, P., Teertstra, D. K., Chapman, R., Selway, J. B., Hawthorne, F. C., Ferreira, K., ... & Meintzer, R. E. (2012). Extreme Fractionation And Deformation Of The Leucogranite–Pegmatite Suite At Red Cross Lake, Manitoba, Canada. Iv. Mineralogy. The Canadian Mineralogist, 50(6), 1839-1875. |
| Northern Mineral Showings Database, NWT Geoscience Office. |
| Traill, R. J. (1980) Catalog of Canadian Minerals: Revised 1980. Geological Survey of Canada Paper 80-18. |
| Andrew G. Tindle, Fred W. Breaks and Julie B. Selway (2002) Tourmaline in petalite-subtype granitic pegmatites; evidence of fractionation and contamination from the Paleagama Lake and Separation Lake areas of northwestern Ontario, Canada. The Canadian Mineralogist 40:753-78; Ontario MDI Number: MDI53C11SW00003 |
| Blackburn C. et al (2002) Separation Rapids Rare-Element Pegmatite Field, Ontario. in 48th Annual Meeting Institute on Lake Superior Geology. Vol 48 Part 2 - Field Trip Guidebook |
Pedersen, J. C. P.Geo., and Bubar, D. S.,(2002) Mineralogy and Zonation of the Big Whopper Pegmatite, Separation Rapids area, Kenora, Ontario Proceedings Volume of the Institute on Lake Superior Geology Vol 48 pp 34-35 | |
Blackburn C. et al (2002) Separation Rapids Rare-Element Pegmatite Field, Ontario. in 48th Annual Meeting Institute on Lake Superior Geology. Vol 48 Part 2 - Field Trip Guidebook | |
Tindle, A.G. & Breaks, F.W. (1998) Oxide minerals of the Separation Rapids rare-element granitic pegmatite group, northwestern Ontario. Canadian Mineralogist, 36, 609-635. Tindle, A.G., Breaks, F.W. and Webb, P.C. (1998) Wodginite-group minerals from the Separation Rapids Rare-Element Granitic Pegmatite Group, northwestern Ontario. Canadian Mineralogist, 36, 637-658. Kenora District Monthly Activity Summary, March 2001; http://www.mndm.gov.on.ca/MNDM/MINES/resgeol/kenora/reports/2001/march.htm | |
| Tindle, A. G., Selway, J. B. & Breaks, F. W. (2005): Liddicoatite and associated species from the McCombe spodumene-subtype rare-element granitic pegmatite, northwestern Ontario, Canada. Canadian Mineralogist 43, 769-793. |
[AmMin 84:992]; Tindle, A.G., Breaks, F.W., and Selway, J.B. (2002) Tourmaline in petalite-subtype gramitic pegmatites: evidence of fractionation and contamination from Pakeagama Lake and Separation Lake areas of northwestern Ontario, Canada. Canadian Mineralogist, 40, 753-788. | |
| Ontario Ministry of Northern Development and Mines Number: MDI52L08SW00025 |
| Sabina, A.P. (2003): Rocks & Minerals for the collector; Kirkland Lake - Rouyn-Noranda - Val d'Or, Ontario & Quebec. GSC Misc. Report 77, 169p. |
China | |
| Yuyu Zhang and Rubo Zhang (2008): Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology 29(3), 37-40 |
| Tianren Zou, Xiangchen Zhang, Fuyi Jia, Rucong Wang, Huizhi Cao, and Boqing Wu (1986): Mineral Deposits 5(4), 34-48; Huanzhang Lu, Zhonggang Wang, and Yuansheng Li (1997): Chinese Journal of Geochemistry 16(1), 43-52 |
Czech Republic | |
| Welser, P. et al.: Lithný pegmatit Nová Ves. Minerál, Special volume, 2007, roč. 15.; Novák, M., Ertl, A., Povondra, P., Vašinová Galiová, M., Rossman, G. R., Pristacz, H., ... & Škoda, R. (2013). Darrellhenryite, Na (LiAl2) Al6 (BO3) 3Si6O18 (OH) 3O, a new mineral from the tourmaline supergroup. American Mineralogist, 98(10), 1886-1892. |
| Vrána, S.: Otázka dohledání lokality petalit-spodumenového pegmatitu u Rožmberka nad Vltavou. Minerál, 2013, roč. 21, č. 5, s. 429-430. |
| Staněk, J.: Příspěvky k mineralogii některých západomoravských pegmatitů. Časopis Moravského musea v Brně, 1952, roč. 37, s. 112-125.; |
Novak, M., & Divis, K. (1996). Compositional trends in manganocolumbite from the Puklice I pegmatite, western Moravia, Czech Republic. Journal of GEOsciences, 41(1-2), 1-6. | |
| Novák, M., Johan, Z., Škoda, R., Černý, P., Šrein, V., & Veselovský, F. (2008). Primary oxide minerals in the system WO3–Nb2O5–TiO2–Fe2O3–FeO and their breakdown products from the pegmatite No. 3 at Dolní Bory-Hatě, Czech Republic. European Journal of Mineralogy, 20(4), 487-499. |
Egypt | |
| Gehad M. Saleh (2007) Rare-Metal Pegmatites from the Southeastern Desert, Egypt: Geology, Geochemistry, and Petrogenesis. International Geology Review Vol. 49:824-843. |
Ethiopia | |
| Küster, D. et al. (2009): Mineralium Deposita 44, 723-750. |
Finland | |
| Mattila, E:, 1983 Rakokivenmäen Sn-Li-pitoisen pegmatiittijuonen kairaus. Rautaruukki oy. Raportti OU/83 |
| Vesasalo, A. (1959): On the petalite occurrences of Tammela, SW-Finland. C. R. Soc. Géol. Finlande. 31, 59-74 |
| Ilkka Mikkola collection. |
| Wilke, H.-J. (1976): Mineral-Fundstellen Band 4: Skandinavien. Chr. Weise Verlag, München, (p.295) |
France | |
| Guide geologique de la Haute Vienne, musee municipal de Limoges, Limoges, 1967 |
| http://perso.wanadoo.fr/jeldemine/liste%20mineraux%20sud.html |
Italy | |
| Mineralogical Record, 16 (5), 353-363. |
Alessandro Genazzani collection | |
Barsotti, G., & Nannoni, R. (2006). Rocce, minerali e miniere delle isole dell'Arcipelago Toscano. Pacini editore, 152 pp. | |
| F.Pezzotta, M.Lorenzoni (2008) "Bismuto Nativo: prima segnalazione nelle pegmatiti elbane " Rivista Mineralogica Italiana N.2, 2008 |
A. Beithaupt (1846) - Neue Mineralien: Kastor und Pollux - Poggend. An., 69: 436-439. | |
Pezzotta, F., Hawthorne, F.C., Cooper, M.A., Teertstra, D.K. (1996): Fibrous foitite from San Piero in Campo, Elba, Italy. Can. Mineral., 34, 741-744. | |
P.Pezzotta confirm | |
| Barsotti, G., & Nannoni, R. (2006). Rocce, minerali e miniere delle isole dell'Arcipelago Toscano. Pacini editore, 152 pp. |
| Field Trip Excursion Programm IMA, May 29, 2005 (M.E. Ciriotti). |
Japan | |
| Yohei Shirose, Seiichiro Uehara (2013) Li tourmaline from Nagatare, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences Vol. 108 (2013) No. 4 August p. 238-243; Shirose, Y., & Uehara, S. (2014). Secondary phosphates in montebrasite and amblygonite from Nagatare, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences, 109(2), 103-108. |
Mozambique | |
| Thomas, R., Davidson, P. (2010): Hambergite-rich melt inclusions in morganite crystals from the Muiane pegmatite, Mozambique and some remarks on the paragenesis of hambergite. - Mineralogy and Petrology, 100, 3-4, 227-23 |
Dias, M. Bettencourt and Wilson, W. E., 2000, Mineralogical Record, 31:459-497. | |
Myanmar | |
| Themelis, Ted, 2008, Gems and Mines of Mogok. |
| Andreas Ertl, John M. Hughes, Stefan Prowatke, Thomas Ludwig, Franz Brandstätter, Wilfried Körner, and M. Darby Dyar (2007): Tetrahedrally coordinated boron in Li-bearing olenite from “mushroom” tourmaline from Momeik, Myanmar. Can. Mineral. 45, 891-899. |
Dr. Kyaw Khaing Win data | |
Maung Kyaw Khaing Win (2003): A study on gemstone occurrences of Molo District, Momeik Township, Shan State. Unpublished M.Sc. thesis, University of Yangon, Department of Geology. | |
Namibia | |
| Von Bezing, L., Bode, R., and Jahn, S., (2008) Namibia Minerals and Localities. Edition Schloss Freudenstein, Bode Verlag GmbH, Haltern. 675 (in English). |
http://www.mineral.tu-freiberg.de/econgeology/lehre/namibia/snlipegm/snlipegm_2_4.html | |
| Von Bezing, L., Bode, R., and Jahn, S., (2008) Namibia Minerals and Localities. Edition Schloss Freudenstein, Bode Verlag GmbH, Haltern. 409 (in English). |
Bezing, L. von, Bode, R. & Jahn, S. (2007): Namibia. Mineralien und Fundstellen. Edition Schloss Freudenstein, Bode Verlag, Haltern: 417 (in English). | |
Ashworth, L. (2014). Mineralised Pegmatites of the Damara Belt, Namibia: Fluid inclusion and geochemical characteristics with implications for post-collisional mineralisation (Doctoral dissertation, Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand). | |
Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 826. | |
| Von Bezing, L., Bode, R., and Jahn, S., (2008) Namibia Minerals and Localities. Edition Schloss Freudenstein, Bode Verlag GmbH, Haltern. 675 (in English). |
| P. Keller and O. von Knorring, Eur. J. Mineral. , 1989, 1, pp. 567-593. |
| Mining Ann. Review(1985):423. |
Keller, P. (1991): The occurrence of Li-Fe-Mn phosphate minerals in granitic pegmatites of Namibia. Communs. Geol. Surv. Namibia, 7, 21-34. ; Ashworth, L. (2014). Mineralised Pegmatites of the Damara Belt, Namibia: Fluid inclusion and geochemical characteristics with implications for post-collisional mineralisation (Doctoral dissertation, Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand). | |
Ashworth, L. (2014). Mineralised Pegmatites of the Damara Belt, Namibia: Fluid inclusion and geochemical characteristics with implications for post-collisional mineralisation (Doctoral dissertation, Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand). | |
Portugal | |
| João Farinha Ramos (2007) Locality no. 5: Seixo Amarelo-Gonçalo Rare Element Aplite-Pegmatite Field. in ALEXANDRE LIMA & ENCARNACIÓN RODA ROBLES ed (2007) GRANITIC PEGMATITES: THE STATE OF THE ART - FIELD TRIP GUIDEBOOK. MEMÓRIAS N. º 9, UNIV. DO PORTO, FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS, DEPARTAMENTO DE GEOLOGIA pp 73-86.; Neiva, A. M. R., Silva, M. M. V. G., Antunes, I. M. H. R., & Ramos, J. M. F. (2000). Phosphate minerals of some granitic rocks associated quartz veins from northern and central Portugal. |
João Farinha Ramos (2007) Locality no. 5: Seixo Amarelo-Gonçalo Rare Element Aplite-Pegmatite Field. in ALEXANDRE LIMA & ENCARNACIÓN RODA ROBLES ed (2007) GRANITIC PEGMATITES: THE STATE OF THE ART - FIELD TRIP GUIDEBOOK. MEMÓRIAS N. º 9, UNIV. DO PORTO, FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS, DEPARTAMENTO DE GEOLOGIA pp 73-86. | |
| Romeu Vieira, Alexandre Lima (2007) Locality no. 2, Bajoca mine, Almendra, Portugal. in ALEXANDRE LIMA & ENCARNACIÓN RODA ROBLES ed (2007) GRANITIC PEGMATITES: THE STATE OF THE ART - FIELD TRIP GUIDEBOOK. MEMÓRIAS N. º 9, UNIV. DO PORTO, FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS, DEPARTAMENTO DE GEOLOGIA pp 49-54 |
| Martins, T., Lima, A., Simmons, W.B. Falster, A.U. & Noronha, F. (2011): Geochemical fractionation of Nb-Ta oxides in Li-bearing pegmatites from the Barroso-Alvão pegmatite field, Northern Portugal. Canadian Mineralogist. 49, 777-791 |
Novák, M. et al. (2009): Ferronigerite with dominant substitution TiSn-1 in muscovite+chlorite aggregate from massive quartz nodule associated with a petalite-rich aplite-pegmatite of the Barroso-Alvão pegmatite field, Northern Portugal. N. Jb. Mineral. Abh. 186, 67-78. | |
Russia | |
| Makagon, V. (2007) Evolution of Nb, Ta-oxide mineralization in rare-metal pegmatites of the East Sayan belt, Siberia, Russia. in Granitic Pegmatites: The State of the Art – International Symposium. 06th – 12th May 2007, Porto, Portugal. pp 46-47; Seltmann, R., Soloviev, S., Shatov, V., Pirajno, F., Naumov, E., & Cherkasov, S. (2010). Metallogeny of Siberia: tectonic, geologic and metallogenic settings of selected significant deposits*. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 57(6), 655-706; USGS Open File Report 2005-1252 p38 |
| [MinRec 32:44] |
International Geological Congress (2008) MRD-06 The Sosedka gem tourmaline-rich mine: Emplacement of extremely chemically heterogeneous pegmatite-forming medium | |
P.M. Kartashov data | |
| Igor.V. Pekov, Lyudmila R. Memetova (2008) Minerals of the Lipovka Granite Pegmatites, Central Urals, Russia. Mineralogical Almanac 13:6-45 |
Spain | |
| Encarnación Roda-Robles, Alfonso Pesquera (2007) Locality no. 3: Lepidolite-spodumene-rich and cassiterite-rich pegmatites from the Feli open-pit, (La Fregeneda, Salamanca, Spain) in ALEXANDRE LIMA & ENCARNACIÓN RODA ROBLES ed (2007) GRANITIC PEGMATITES: THE STATE OF THE ART - FIELD TRIP GUIDEBOOK. MEMÓRIAS N. º 9, UNIV. DO PORTO, FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS, DEPARTAMENTO DE GEOLOGIA pp 55-64 |
Sweden | |
| No reference listed |
| Romer, R.L & Smeds, S-A. (1997): U-Pb columbite chronology of post-kinematic Palaeoproterozoic pegmatites in Sweden. Precambrian Research. 82, 85–99 |
No reference listed | |
| d’Andrada, J. B. (1800): Der eigenschaften und kennzeichen einiger neuen fossilien aus Schweden und Norwegen nebst einigen chemischen bemerkungen ueber dieselben. Allgemeines Journal der Chemie 4, 28-39; Tschermaks MPM (1983), 31, 81-96 |
Selway, J. B.; Smeds, S.-A.; Černý, P.; Hawthorne, F. C. (2002): Compositional evolution of tourmaline in the petalite-subtype Nykopingsgruvan pegmatites, Utö, Stockholm Archipelago, Sweden. GFF 124, 93-102 | |
| Grensman, F & Langhof, J.(1991):Åkerberget. Guldgruva med litiumpegmatite. STEIN 18(2),20-22 |
Quensel, P. (1945): Minerals of the Varuträsk Pegmatite. XXXV. Stibiomicrolite. Geologiska Föreningen i Stockholm Förhandlingar. 67, 15-27 | |
UK | |
| McLintock, W.F.P. (1923) On the occurrence of petalite and pneumatolytic apatite in the Meldon aplite, Okehampton, Devonshire. Mineralogical Magazine, vol. 20, n° 103, 140-150.; von Knorring, O. and Condliffe, E. (1984) On the occurrence of niobium-tantalum and other rare-element minerals in the Meldon aplite, Devonshire. Mineralogical Magazine, vol. 48, n° 348, 443-448.; http://johnblanchard.net/index.php/some-sites/226-meldon-aplite-quarry-sssi; |
USA | |
| Ref.: Weber, F. H. 1963. Geology and mineral resources of San Diego County, California. California Division of Mines and Geology, County Report 3: p. 98. |
Jahns, Richard Henry & Wright, Lauren A. (1951), Gem and lithium-bearing pegmatites of the Pala district, San Diego County, California. California Division of Mines Special Report 7-A: p. 31. | |
| Hanley, J. B. 1951. Economic Geology of the Rincon Pegmatites, San Diego County, California. Department of Natural Resources, California Division of Mines, Special Report 7B: p. 20-23, maps; Murdoch, Joseph (1946), Progress on revision of Bulletin 113 “Minerals of California,” with notes on some new mineral occurrences: California Division Mines Report 42: 198; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 79, 215, 286, 346; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 367. |
| Schooner, Richard. (1958): The Mineralogy of the Portland-East Hampton-Middletown-Haddam Area in Connecticut (With a few notes on Glastonbury and Marlborough). Published by Richard Schooner; Ralph Lieser of Pappy’s Beryl Shop, East Hampton; and Howard Pate of Fluorescent House, Branford, Connecticut.; Schooner, Richard. (circa 1985), Untitled manuscript on central Connecticut mineralogy. |
| Rocks & Min.: 62:403-404. |
| King, V. and Foord, E.E., 1994 Mineralogy of Maine, Vol. 1, Maine Geologic Survey, Augusta. |
Mineralogical Record 24: 382-383 ; Mineral News (1993) 9:2 p. 8 | |
King, V. T., 1994, Mineralogy of Maine, Descriptive Mineralogy, v. 1 | |
| King, V. T., 1994, Mineralogy of Maine, Descriptive Mineralogy, v. 1 |
| King & Foord, 1994. Mineralogy of Maine, V. 1. |
| King, V. and Foord, E., 1994, Mineralogy of Maine, vol. 1. |
King, V. T. and Foord, E. E., 2000, Mineralogy of Maine, v.2, Maine Geological Survey, Augusta, Maine, pp. 524 + 25 plates.; -Guidebook 1 to Mineral Collecting in the Maine Pegmatite Belt pg. 8 | |
| King, V. T. and Foord, E. E., 1994, Mineralogy of Maine, Vol. 1. |
| Emerson, B.K. Geology of Massachusetts and Rhode Island, 1917. (USGS Bulletin 597; Yale Peabody Museum specimen # 6887. |
Shepard, C. U., 1832, Treatise on Mineralogy | |
| Morrill, 1960. NH Mines and Mineral Localities |
| Rocks & Min.:64:504.; Rocks & Minerals 80:4 pp234-241 |
| Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed. |
Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed. | |
Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd Rev. Ed., 1996 | |
| Wilson,W.F and McKenzie,B.J.,1980,Mineral Collecting Sites in North Carolina,pp#50 |
| |
| Rocks & Minerals: 67(6): 380-388.; USGS Bull 380D; U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. |
| Rocks&Min 76:23-241 |
| Rocks & Minerals 76:386 |
Meeves, H., et al (1966), Reconnaissance of beryllium-bearing pegmatite deposits in six western states, US Bur. Mines Info. Circ. 8298: 34 (Table A-1). | |
USGS Prof. Paper 227 | |
Zimbabwe | |
| Mineralogical Magazine 1959 32 : 87-89 |
| MUGUMBATE, R. OESTERLEN, P.M., MASIYAMBIRI, S. & DUBE, W. (2001): Industrial Minerals and Rock Deposits of Zimbabwe.- Zimbabwe Geological Survey Mineral Resources Series No. 27., Harare; 159 pages. |
| Ackermann, A. J. L., KJ, B., & KC, H. (1966). The geology of some beryl pegmatites in Southern Rhodesia. South African Journal of Geology, 69(01), 1-38. |
| http://geology.csupomona.edu/drjessey/class/GSC433/Pegmatites.htm; Cerny, P., Anderson, A. J., Tomascak, P. B., & Chapman, R. (2003). Geochemical and morphological features of beryl from the Bikita granitic pegmatite, Zimbabwe. The Canadian Mineralogist, 41(4), 1003-1011. |
| Rijks, H. R. P., & Van Der Veen, A. H. (1972). The geology of the tin-bearing pegmatites in the eastern part of the Kamativi district, Rhodesia. Mineralium Deposita, 7(4), 383-395. |
| HARRISON (N.M.) - The geology of the country around Fort Rixon and Shangani. Rhodesia Geol. Surv., Bull. 61. 1969. 152 p. |
Utö Mines, Utö, Haninge, Södermanland, Sweden