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Petalite

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Petalite

Utö Mines, Utö, Haninge, Södermanland, Sweden
Petalite

Palelni mine, Khetchel village, Molo quarter, Momeik Township, Kyaukme District, Shan State, Myanmar
Petalite

Palelni mine, Khetchel village, Molo quarter, Momeik Township, Kyaukme District, Shan State, Myanmar
Petalite

Paprok, Kamdesh District, Nuristan Province, Afghanistan
Petalite

Utö Mines, Utö, Haninge, Södermanland, Sweden
Petalite

Palelni mine, Khetchel village, Molo quarter, Momeik Township, Kyaukme District, Shan State, Myanmar
Petalite

Palelni mine, Khetchel village, Molo quarter, Momeik Township, Kyaukme District, Shan State, Myanmar
Petalite

Paprok, Kamdesh District, Nuristan Province, Afghanistan
Petalite

Utö Mines, Utö, Haninge, Södermanland, Sweden
Petalite

Palelni mine, Khetchel village, Molo quarter, Momeik Township, Kyaukme District, Shan State, Myanmar
Formula:
LiAl(Si4O10)
System:
Monoclinic
Colour:
Colourless, white, grey, ...
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
6½
Name:
From the Greek "petalon" for leaf, in allusion to the perfect basal cleavage.


Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Petalite.


Classification of Petalite

IMA status:
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
Strunz 8th ed.:
8/J.03-10
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) ed.:
9.EF.05

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
E : Phyllosilicates
F : Single nets with 6-membered rings, connected by M[4], M[8], etc.
Dana 8th ed.:
72.6.1.1

72 : PHYLLOSILICATES Two-Dimensional Infinite Sheets with Other Than Six-Membered Rings
6 : Two-Dimensional Infinite Sheets with Other Than Six-Membered Rings with tetrahedral Al cross-linking
Hey's CIM Ref.:
16.1.1

16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
1 : Aluminosilicates of Li

Physical Properties of Petalite

Lustre:
Vitreous
Diaphaneity (Transparency):
Transparent, Translucent
Comment:
Pearly on cleavage {001}
Colour:
Colourless, white, grey, pink
Streak:
White
Hardness (Mohs):
6½
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
Perfect on {001}
poor on {201}
Fracture:
Conchoidal
Density:
2.412 - 2.422 g/cm3 (Measured)    2.4 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of Petalite

Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.504 nβ = 1.510 nγ = 1.516
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.012
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Low
Dispersion:
r > v weak

Chemical Properties of Petalite

Formula:
LiAl(Si4O10)
IMA Formula:
LiAlSi4O10
Elements listed in formula:
Al, Li, O, Si - search for minerals with similar chemistry
Common Impurities:
Mg,Fe,Na,Ca,K,H2O

Crystallography of Petalite

Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P2/b
Cell Parameters:
a = 11.737 Å, b = 5.171 Å, c = 7.63 Å
β = 112.54°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 2.27 : 1 : 1.476
Unit Cell Volume:
V 427.71 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Tabular or elongated
Twinning:
Common on {001}, lamellar

Occurrences of Petalite

Type Occurrence of Petalite

Type Locality:
ⓘ Utö Mines, Utö, Haninge, Södermanland, Sweden

Relationship of Petalite to other Species

Common Associates:
Albite
Microcline
Pollucite
Polylithionite-Trilithionite Series
Quartz
Spodumene
Topaz
Tourmaline
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):
9.EF.10SanborniteBa2(Si4O10)
9.EF.15SearlesiteNa(H2BSi2O7)
9.EF.20SilinaiteNaLiSi2O5 · 2H2O
9.EF.25KanemiteHNaSi2O5 · 3H2O
9.EF.30Yakovenchukite-(Y)K3NaCaY2[Si12O30] · 4H2O
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:
16.1.2SpodumeneLiAlSi2O6
16.1.3EucryptiteLiAlSiO4
16.1.4VirgiliteLiAlSi2O6
16.1.5Cookeite(Al2Li)Al2(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
16.1.6BikitaiteLiAlSi2O6 · H2O
16.1.7LunijianlaiteLi0.7Al6.2(AlSi7O20)(OH,O)10
16.1.8SwineforditeLi(Al,Li,Mg)4((Si,Al)4O10)2(OH,F)4 · nH2O
16.1.9Holmquistite☐{Li2}{Mg3Al2}(Si8O22)(OH)2
16.1.13Clino-holmquistite Root Name☐{Li2}{Z32+Z23+}(Si8O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
16.1.14Magnesioholmquistite☐{Li2}{Mg3Al2}(Si8O22)(OH)2
16.1.15BityiteLiCaAl2(AlBeSi2O10)(OH)2
16.1.16SogdianiteK(□,Na)2Li3(Zr,Fe,Ti)2[Si12O30]
16.1.17SugiliteK(Na,□)2Li3(Fe,Mn,Al,Zr)2[Si12O30]

Other Names for Petalite

Synonyms:

Arfvedsonite (of Beudant)

Berzeliite (of Clarke)

Berzelite (of Clark)

Berzelite (of Clarke)

Castorite

Lithite

Name in Other Languages:
Dutch:Petaliet
Italian:Petalite
Latin:Castor
Low Saxon:Petalit
Polish:Petalit
Portuguese:Petalita
Simplified Chinese:透锂长石
Ukrainian:Петаліт

Other Information

Thermal Behaviour:
Thermoluminescent
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Industrial Uses:
Lithium ore

Petalite in petrology

Common component of (items highlighted in red)

References for Petalite

Reference List:
Dana, E.S. (1892) Dana's system of mineralogy, (6th edition), 311-312.

Deer, W.A., R.A. Howie, and J. Zussman (1963) Rock-forming minerals, vol. 4, framework silicates: 271-275.

Tagai, T., H. Ried, W. Joswig, and M. Korekawa (1982) Kristallgraphische Untersuchungen eines Petalits mittels Neutronenbeugung und Transmissionelektronenmikroskopie. Zeits. Krist., 160, 159-170 (in German with English abstract).

Černý, P. and D. London (1983) Crystal chemistry and stablity of petalite. Tschermaks Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen: 31: 81-96.

Zeitschrift für Kristallographie (1991): 197: 27-40.

Internet Links for Petalite

mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3171.html
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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF
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    • Specimens:
    The following Petalite specimens are currently listed for sale on minfind.com.

    Localities for Petalite

    This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    (TL) indicates type locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) indicates first recorded locality for everything else. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Afghanistan
     
    • Laghman Province (Lagman Province; Nuristan)
      • Alingar District (Alinghar District)
    		Orris, G.J., and Bliss, J.D. (2002): Mines and Mineral Occurrences of Afghanistan. United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-110.
      • Mihtarlam District
    		Orris, G.J., and Bliss, J.D. (2002): Mines and Mineral Occurrences of Afghanistan. United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-110.
    • Nuristan Province (Nurestan Province; Nooristan Province; Nuristan)
      • Du Ab District
        • Nilaw-Kolum pegmatite field
    		Orris, G.J., and Bliss, J.D. (2002): Mines and Mineral Occurrences of Afghanistan. United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-110
      • Kamdesh District
    		Lyckberg, P. (2011): Edelstein-Pegmatite in Afghanistan: Paprok. Mineralien-Welt. 22 (3): 46-57
    Angola
     
    • Namibe Province
      • Giraul pegmatite field
    		Antonio Olimpio Gonçalves, Joan Carles Melgarejo, Pura Alfonso Abella (2009) SEQUENCE OF CRYSTALLISATION OF PEGMATITES: THE ANGOLA CASE. Estudos Geológicos v. 19 (2), pp 35-39
    Argentina
     
    • Salta
      • La Poma department
        • Nevados de Palermo
          • El Quemado district
    		Galliski, M. A., & Černý, P. (2006). Geochemistry and structural state of columbite-group minerals in granitic pegmatites of the Pampean Ranges, Argentina. The Canadian Mineralogist, 44(3), 645-666.
    Australia
     
    • Western Australia
      • Coolgardie Shire
        • Nepean
    		Jacobson, M., Calderwood, M., Grguric, B.(2007): Pegmatites of Western Australia
    Report of the Department of Mines for the State of Western Australia for the Year 1942 . pp 84-85
    Jacobson, M., Calderwood, M., Grguric, B.(2007): Pegmatites of Western Australia
      • Dundas Shire
        • Norseman
    		M. Jacobson, M. Calderwood, B. Grguric; Pegmaites of Western Australia; (Perth 2007)
    Fetherston, J. M., Stocklmayer, S. M. and Stocklmayer, V. C. (2013): Gemstones of Western Australia. Mineral Resources Bulletin 25, Geological Survey of Western Australia, Perth, Australia, 306 pp.
    http://www.pioneerresources.com.au/project_pioneerdome.php
    Brazil
     
    • Bahia
      • Brumado (Bom Jesus dos Meiras)
        • Serra das Éguas
    		Rob Lavinsky, Martins da Piedra, Rafael Hernandes Correa-Silva, and John Sobolewski specimens
    • Minas Gerais
    		Rob Lavinsky
      • Itinga
        • Monte Belo
    		[MinRec 12:74]; Quéméneur, J., & Lagache, M. (1999). Comparative study of two pegmatitic fields from Minas Gerais, Brazil, using rubidium and cesium content of the micas and feldspars. Brazilian Journal of Geology, 29(1), 27-32.
        • Taquaral
          • Piauí valley
    		Quéméneur, J., & Lagache, M. (1999). Comparative study of two pegmatitic fields from Minas Gerais, Brazil, using rubidium and cesium content of the micas and feldspars. Brazilian Journal of Geology, 29(1), 27-32.
    Quéméneur, J., & Lagache, M. (1999). Comparative study of two pegmatitic fields from Minas Gerais, Brazil, using rubidium and cesium content of the micas and feldspars. Brazilian Journal of Geology, 29(1), 27-32.
      • São José da Safira
    		Canadian Mineralogist 38: 1399-1408 (2000)
    • Rio Grande do Norte
      • Borborema mineral province
        • Equador
    		http://rruff.geo.arizona.edu/doclib/hom/parabariomicrolite.pdf.; Canadian Mineralogist (1986): 24: 655-663.
    Canada
     
    • British Columbia
      • Revelstoke Mining Division
        • Revelstoke
    		DIXON,A., CEMPIREK, J. & GROAT, L.A. (2014) Mineralogy and geochemistry of pegmatites on Mount Begbie, British Columbia. Canadian Mineralogist 52, 129-164.; Dixon, A. (2014, October). Mount Begbie Pegmatite Group, British Columbia, Canada–evolution from Barren to Complex Rare-element Pegmatites. In 2014 GSA Annual Meeting in Vancouver, British Columbia.
    • Manitoba
    		Canadian Mineralogist: 40: 1339-1345.
      • Lac-du-Bonnet area
        • Bernic Lake
    		Bull. Minéral. , 1984, 107, pp. 369-384.; Econ Geol (1995) 90:658-675
    Phillips, K. A. (1978) Minerals of Manitoba: Vol 1 Nonmetallic and pegmatic. Manitoba Mineral Resources Division Educational Series 78/1.
    Econ Geol (1995) 90:658-675
    MinRec 32:416; Tschernich, R. (1992): Zeolites of the World, p.51; Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 16, pp, 625-640 (1978)
    CAMACHO, A., BAADSGAARD, H., DAVIS, D.W., ČERNY, P. (2012) Radiogenic isotope systematics of the Tanco and Siverleaf granitic pegmatites; Winnipeg River pegmatite district, Manitoba, Canadian Mineralogist 50, 1775-1792.
      • Red Cross Lake
    		Xianjue Wang, Xiaolin Xiong, and Cerny, P. (2002): Geochimica 5, 481-486.; Černý, O., Teertstra, D.K., Chapman, R., Selway, J.B., Hawthorne, F.C., Ferreira, K., Chackowsky, L.E., Wang, X.J. & and Meintzer, R.E. (2012); Černý, P., Teertstra, D. K., Chapman, R., Selway, J. B., Hawthorne, F. C., Ferreira, K., ... & Meintzer, R. E. (2012). Extreme Fractionation And Deformation Of The Leucogranite–Pegmatite Suite At Red Cross Lake, Manitoba, Canada. Iv. Mineralogy. The Canadian Mineralogist, 50(6), 1839-1875.
    • Ontario
      • Kenora District
        • Lake of the Woods
    		Traill, R. J. (1980) Catalog of Canadian Minerals: Revised 1980. Geological Survey of Canada Paper 80-18.
        • Pakeagama Lake Area
    		Andrew G. Tindle, Fred W. Breaks and Julie B. Selway (2002) Tourmaline in petalite-subtype granitic pegmatites; evidence of fractionation and contamination from the Paleagama Lake and Separation Lake areas of northwestern Ontario, Canada. The Canadian Mineralogist 40:753-78; Ontario MDI Number: MDI53C11SW00003
        • Paterson Lake Area
    		Pedersen, J. C. P.Geo., and Bubar, D. S.,(2002) Mineralogy and Zonation of the Big Whopper Pegmatite, Separation Rapids area, Kenora, Ontario Proceedings Volume of the Institute on Lake Superior Geology Vol 48 pp 34-35
    Tindle, A.G. & Breaks, F.W. (1998) Oxide minerals of the Separation Rapids rare-element granitic pegmatite group, northwestern Ontario. Canadian Mineralogist, 36, 609-635. Tindle, A.G., Breaks, F.W. and Webb, P.C. (1998) Wodginite-group minerals from the Separation Rapids Rare-Element Granitic Pegmatite Group, northwestern Ontario. Canadian Mineralogist, 36, 637-658. Kenora District Monthly Activity Summary, March 2001; http://www.mndm.gov.on.ca/MNDM/MINES/resgeol/kenora/reports/2001/march.htm
        • Root Lake pegmatite group
          • Root Lake Area
    		Tindle, A. G., Selway, J. B. & Breaks, F. W. (2005): Liddicoatite and associated species from the McCombe spodumene-subtype rare-element granitic pegmatite, northwestern Ontario, Canada. Canadian Mineralogist 43, 769-793.
    [AmMin 84:992]; Tindle, A.G., Breaks, F.W., and Selway, J.B. (2002) Tourmaline in petalite-subtype gramitic pegmatites: evidence of fractionation and contamination from Pakeagama Lake and Separation Lake areas of northwestern Ontario, Canada. Canadian Mineralogist, 40, 753-788.
        • Treelined Lake Area
    		Ontario Ministry of Northern Development and Mines Number: MDI52L08SW00025
    • Québec
      • Abitibi-Témiscamingue
        • Abitibi RCM
          • La Corne
    		Sabina, A.P. (2003): Rocks & Minerals for the collector; Kirkland Lake - Rouyn-Noranda - Val d'Or, Ontario & Quebec. GSC Misc. Report 77, 169p.
    China
     
    • Hubei Province
      • Xianning Prefecture
        • Tongcheng Co.
    		Yuyu Zhang and Rubo Zhang (2008): Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology 29(3), 37-40
    • Xinjiang Autonomous Region
      • Yili Hasake Autonomous Prefecture (Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture)
        • Aletai Prefecture (Altay Prefecture)
          • Fuyun Co. (Koktokay Co.)
            • Koktokay pegmatite field (Keketuohai pegmatite field)
              • Altay Mine
    		Tianren Zou, Xiangchen Zhang, Fuyi Jia, Rucong Wang, Huizhi Cao, and Boqing Wu (1986): Mineral Deposits 5(4), 34-48; Huanzhang Lu, Zhonggang Wang, and Yuansheng Li (1997): Chinese Journal of Geochemistry 16(1), 43-52
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • South Bohemia Region
        • Český Krumlov
    		Welser, P. et al.: Lithný pegmatit Nová Ves. Minerál, Special volume, 2007, roč. 15.; Novák, M., Ertl, A., Povondra, P., Vašinová Galiová, M., Rossman, G. R., Pristacz, H., ... & Škoda, R. (2013). Darrellhenryite, Na (LiAl2) Al6 (BO3) 3Si6O18 (OH) 3O, a new mineral from the tourmaline supergroup. American Mineralogist, 98(10), 1886-1892.
          • Rožmberk nad Vltavou
    		Vrána, S.: Otázka dohledání lokality petalit-spodumenového pegmatitu u Rožmberka nad Vltavou. Minerál, 2013, roč. 21, č. 5, s. 429-430.
    • Moravia (Mähren; Maehren)
      • Vysočina Region
        • Jihlava (Iglau)
    		Staněk, J.: Příspěvky k mineralogii některých západomoravských pegmatitů. Časopis Moravského musea v Brně, 1952, roč. 37, s. 112-125.;
    Novak, M., & Divis, K. (1996). Compositional trends in manganocolumbite from the Puklice I pegmatite, western Moravia, Czech Republic. Journal of GEOsciences, 41(1-2), 1-6.
        • Žďár nad Sázavou
          • Dolní Bory
    		Novák, M., Johan, Z., Škoda, R., Černý, P., Šrein, V., & Veselovský, F. (2008). Primary oxide minerals in the system WO3–Nb2O5–TiO2–Fe2O3–FeO and their breakdown products from the pegmatite No. 3 at Dolní Bory-Hatě, Czech Republic. European Journal of Mineralogy, 20(4), 487-499.
    Egypt
     
    • Red Sea Governorate
      • Eastern Desert
    		Gehad M. Saleh (2007) Rare-Metal Pegmatites from the Southeastern Desert, Egypt: Geology, Geochemistry, and Petrogenesis. International Geology Review Vol. 49:824-843.
    Ethiopia
     
    • Oromia Region (Oromiya Region)
      • Kenticha pegmatite field
    		Küster, D. et al. (2009): Mineralium Deposita 44, 723-750.
    Finland
     
    • Southern Finland Region
      • Heinola
    		Mattila, E:, 1983 Rakokivenmäen Sn-Li-pitoisen pegmatiittijuonen kairaus. Rautaruukki oy. Raportti OU/83
      • Tammela
    		Vesasalo, A. (1959): On the petalite occurrences of Tammela, SW-Finland. C. R. Soc. Géol. Finlande. 31, 59-74
    • Southwestern Finland Region
      • Salo
        • Kisko
    		Ilkka Mikkola collection.
      • Somero
    		Wilke, H.-J. (1976): Mineral-Fundstellen Band 4: Skandinavien. Chr. Weise Verlag, München, (p.295)
    France
     
    • Nouvelle-Aquitaine
      • Haute-Vienne
        • Ambazac
    		Guide geologique de la Haute Vienne, musee municipal de Limoges, Limoges, 1967
        • Saint-Sylvestre
    		http://perso.wanadoo.fr/jeldemine/liste%20mineraux%20sud.html
    Italy
     
    • Tuscany
      • Livorno Province
        • Elba Island
          • Campo nell'Elba
    		Mineralogical Record, 16 (5), 353-363.
    Alessandro Genazzani collection
    Barsotti, G., & Nannoni, R. (2006). Rocce, minerali e miniere delle isole dell'Arcipelago Toscano. Pacini editore, 152 pp.
              • Grotta d'Oggi Quarry
                • Podere Liborio
    		F.Pezzotta, M.Lorenzoni (2008) "Bismuto Nativo: prima segnalazione nelle pegmatiti elbane " Rivista Mineralogica Italiana N.2, 2008
    A. Beithaupt (1846) - Neue Mineralien: Kastor und Pollux - Poggend. An., 69: 436-439.
    Pezzotta, F., Hawthorne, F.C., Cooper, M.A., Teertstra, D.K. (1996): Fibrous foitite from San Piero in Campo, Elba, Italy. Can. Mineral., 34, 741-744.
    P.Pezzotta confirm
            • Sant'Ilario in Campo
    		Barsotti, G., & Nannoni, R. (2006). Rocce, minerali e miniere delle isole dell'Arcipelago Toscano. Pacini editore, 152 pp.
                • Fosso Marcianella Pegmatite
    		Field Trip Excursion Programm IMA, May 29, 2005 (M.E. Ciriotti).
    Japan
     
    • Kyushu Region
      • Fukuoka Prefecture
    		Yohei Shirose, Seiichiro Uehara (2013) Li tourmaline from Nagatare, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences Vol. 108 (2013) No. 4 August p. 238-243; Shirose, Y., & Uehara, S. (2014). Secondary phosphates in montebrasite and amblygonite from Nagatare, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences, 109(2), 103-108.
    Mozambique
     
    • Zambezia Province
      • Alto Ligonha District
    		 Thomas, R., Davidson, P. (2010): Hambergite-rich melt inclusions in morganite crystals from the Muiane pegmatite, Mozambique and some remarks on the paragenesis of hambergite. - Mineralogy and Petrology, 100, 3-4, 227-23
    Dias, M. Bettencourt and Wilson, W. E., 2000, Mineralogical Record, 31:459-497.
    Myanmar
     
    • Shan State
      • Kyaukme District
        • Momeik Township
    		Themelis, Ted, 2008, Gems and Mines of Mogok.
            • Khetchel village (Cache village; Khat Che village)
    		Andreas Ertl, John M. Hughes, Stefan Prowatke, Thomas Ludwig, Franz Brandstätter, Wilfried Körner, and M. Darby Dyar (2007): Tetrahedrally coordinated boron in Li-bearing olenite from “mushroom” tourmaline from Momeik, Myanmar. Can. Mineral. 45, 891-899.
    Dr. Kyaw Khaing Win data
    Maung Kyaw Khaing Win (2003): A study on gemstone occurrences of Molo District, Momeik Township, Shan State. Unpublished M.Sc. thesis, University of Yangon, Department of Geology.
    Namibia
     
    • Erongo Region
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 826.
        • Karlsbrunn Farm 42
    		Von Bezing, L., Bode, R., and Jahn, S., (2008) Namibia Minerals and Localities. Edition Schloss Freudenstein, Bode Verlag GmbH, Haltern. 675 (in English).
        • Okatjimukuju Farm 55 (Friedrichsfelde Farm)
    		P. Keller and O. von Knorring, Eur. J. Mineral. , 1989, 1, pp. 567-593.
        • Okongava Ost Farm 72
    		Mining Ann. Review(1985):423.
    Keller, P. (1991): The occurrence of Li-Fe-Mn phosphate minerals in granitic pegmatites of Namibia. Communs. Geol. Surv. Namibia, 7, 21-34. ; Ashworth, L. (2014). Mineralised Pegmatites of the Damara Belt, Namibia: Fluid inclusion and geochemical characteristics with implications for post-collisional mineralisation (Doctoral dissertation, Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand).
    Ashworth, L. (2014). Mineralised Pegmatites of the Damara Belt, Namibia: Fluid inclusion and geochemical characteristics with implications for post-collisional mineralisation (Doctoral dissertation, Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand).
        • Usakos
    		Von Bezing, L., Bode, R., and Jahn, S., (2008) Namibia Minerals and Localities. Edition Schloss Freudenstein, Bode Verlag GmbH, Haltern. 409 (in English).
      • Swakopmund District
        • Cape Cross area
    		Von Bezing, L., Bode, R., and Jahn, S., (2008) Namibia Minerals and Localities. Edition Schloss Freudenstein, Bode Verlag GmbH, Haltern. 675 (in English).
    http://www.mineral.tu-freiberg.de/econgeology/lehre/namibia/snlipegm/snlipegm_2_4.html
    • Kunene Region
      • Damaraland District
    		Bezing, L. von, Bode, R. & Jahn, S. (2007): Namibia. Mineralien und Fundstellen. Edition Schloss Freudenstein, Bode Verlag, Haltern: 417 (in English).
    Ashworth, L. (2014). Mineralised Pegmatites of the Damara Belt, Namibia: Fluid inclusion and geochemical characteristics with implications for post-collisional mineralisation (Doctoral dissertation, Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand).
    Portugal
     
    • Guarda District
      • Guarda
    		João Farinha Ramos (2007) Locality no. 5: Seixo Amarelo-Gonçalo Rare Element Aplite-Pegmatite Field. in ALEXANDRE LIMA & ENCARNACIÓN RODA ROBLES ed (2007) GRANITIC PEGMATITES: THE STATE OF THE ART - FIELD TRIP GUIDEBOOK. MEMÓRIAS N. º 9, UNIV. DO PORTO, FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS, DEPARTAMENTO DE GEOLOGIA pp 73-86.; Neiva, A. M. R., Silva, M. M. V. G., Antunes, I. M. H. R., & Ramos, J. M. F. (2000). Phosphate minerals of some granitic rocks associated quartz veins from northern and central Portugal.
    João Farinha Ramos (2007) Locality no. 5: Seixo Amarelo-Gonçalo Rare Element Aplite-Pegmatite Field. in ALEXANDRE LIMA & ENCARNACIÓN RODA ROBLES ed (2007) GRANITIC PEGMATITES: THE STATE OF THE ART - FIELD TRIP GUIDEBOOK. MEMÓRIAS N. º 9, UNIV. DO PORTO, FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS, DEPARTAMENTO DE GEOLOGIA pp 73-86.
      • Vila Nova de Foz Côa
        • Almendra
    		Romeu Vieira, Alexandre Lima (2007) Locality no. 2, Bajoca mine, Almendra, Portugal. in ALEXANDRE LIMA & ENCARNACIÓN RODA ROBLES ed (2007) GRANITIC PEGMATITES: THE STATE OF THE ART - FIELD TRIP GUIDEBOOK. MEMÓRIAS N. º 9, UNIV. DO PORTO, FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS, DEPARTAMENTO DE GEOLOGIA pp 49-54
    • Vila Real District
    		Martins, T., Lima, A., Simmons, W.B. Falster, A.U. & Noronha, F. (2011): Geochemical fractionation of Nb-Ta oxides in Li-bearing pegmatites from the Barroso-Alvão pegmatite field, Northern Portugal. Canadian Mineralogist. 49, 777-791
    Novák, M. et al. (2009): Ferronigerite with dominant substitution TiSn-1 in muscovite+chlorite aggregate from massive quartz nodule associated with a petalite-rich aplite-pegmatite of the Barroso-Alvão pegmatite field, Northern Portugal. N. Jb. Mineral. Abh. 186, 67-78.
    Russia
     
    • Eastern-Siberian Region
      • Prebaikalia (Pribaikal'e)
        • Irkutskaya Oblast'
    		Makagon, V. (2007) Evolution of Nb, Ta-oxide mineralization in rare-metal pegmatites of the East Sayan belt, Siberia, Russia. in Granitic Pegmatites: The State of the Art – International Symposium. 06th – 12th May 2007, Porto, Portugal. pp 46-47; Seltmann, R., Soloviev, S., Shatov, V., Pirajno, F., Naumov, E., & Cherkasov, S. (2010). Metallogeny of Siberia: tectonic, geologic and metallogenic settings of selected significant deposits*. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 57(6), 655-706; USGS Open File Report 2005-1252 p38
      • Transbaikalia (Zabaykalye)
        • Chitinskaya Oblast'
          • Krasnyi Chikoy
            • Malkhan pegmatite field (Malchan; "Malechansk")
    		[MinRec 32:44]
    International Geological Congress (2008) MRD-06 The Sosedka gem tourmaline-rich mine: Emplacement of extremely chemically heterogeneous pegmatite-forming medium
    P.M. Kartashov data
    • Urals Region
      • Middle Urals
        • Sverdlovskaya Oblast'
          • Rezh District
            • Lipovka pegmatite field
    		Igor.V. Pekov, Lyudmila R. Memetova (2008) Minerals of the Lipovka Granite Pegmatites, Central Urals, Russia. Mineralogical Almanac 13:6-45
    Spain
     
    • Castile and Leon
      • Salamanca
        • La Fregeneda
    		Encarnación Roda-Robles, Alfonso Pesquera (2007) Locality no. 3: Lepidolite-spodumene-rich and cassiterite-rich pegmatites from the Feli open-pit, (La Fregeneda, Salamanca, Spain) in ALEXANDRE LIMA & ENCARNACIÓN RODA ROBLES ed (2007) GRANITIC PEGMATITES: THE STATE OF THE ART - FIELD TRIP GUIDEBOOK. MEMÓRIAS N. º 9, UNIV. DO PORTO, FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS, DEPARTAMENTO DE GEOLOGIA pp 55-64
    Sweden
     
    • Lappland
    		No reference listed
    • Medelpad
      • Sundsvall
    		Romer, R.L & Smeds, S-A. (1997): U-Pb columbite chronology of post-kinematic Palaeoproterozoic pegmatites in Sweden. Precambrian Research. 82, 85–99
    No reference listed
    • Södermanland
      • Haninge
        • Utö
    		d’Andrada, J. B. (1800): Der eigenschaften und kennzeichen einiger neuen fossilien aus Schweden und Norwegen nebst einigen chemischen bemerkungen ueber dieselben. Allgemeines Journal der Chemie 4, 28-39; Tschermaks MPM (1983), 31, 81-96
    Selway, J. B.; Smeds, S.-A.; Černý, P.; Hawthorne, F. C. (2002): Compositional evolution of tourmaline in the petalite-subtype Nykopingsgruvan pegmatites, Utö, Stockholm Archipelago, Sweden. GFF 124, 93-102
    • Västerbotten
      • Skellefteå
    		Grensman, F & Langhof, J.(1991):Åkerberget. Guldgruva med litiumpegmatite. STEIN 18(2),20-22
    Quensel, P. (1945): Minerals of the Varuträsk Pegmatite. XXXV. Stibiomicrolite. Geologiska Föreningen i Stockholm Förhandlingar. 67, 15-27
    UK
     
    • England
      • Devon
        • Okehampton area (Northern Dartmoor)
    		McLintock, W.F.P. (1923): On the occurrence of petalite and pneumatolytic apatite in the Meldon aplite, Okehampton, Devonshire. Mineralogical Magazine, vol. 20, n°103, 140-150.; http://johnblanchard.net/index.php/some-sites/226-meldon-aplite-quarry-sssi;
    USA
     
    • California
      • San Diego Co.
        • Pala District
          • Pala
            • Hiriart Mountain (Hariat Mtn; Harriot Mtn; Heriart Mtn; Heriot Mtn; Hiriat Hill)
    		Ref.: Weber, F. H. 1963. Geology and mineral resources of San Diego County, California. California Division of Mines and Geology, County Report 3: p. 98.
    Jahns, Richard Henry & Wright, Lauren A. (1951), Gem and lithium-bearing pegmatites of the Pala district, San Diego County, California. California Division of Mines Special Report 7-A: p. 31.
        • Rincon District
          • Rincon
            • Rincon Mountain
    		Hanley, J. B. 1951. Economic Geology of the Rincon Pegmatites, San Diego County, California. Department of Natural Resources, California Division of Mines, Special Report 7B: p. 20-23, maps; Murdoch, Joseph (1946), Progress on revision of Bulletin 113 “Minerals of California,” with notes on some new mineral occurrences: California Division Mines Report 42: 198; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 79, 215, 286, 346; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 367.
    • Connecticut
      • Middlesex Co.
        • Portland
          • Collins Hill
            • Strickland pegmatite (Strickland-Cramer Quarry; Strickland-Cramer Mine; Strickland-Cramer Feldspar-Mica Quarries)
    		Schooner, Richard. (1958): The Mineralogy of the Portland-East Hampton-Middletown-Haddam Area in Connecticut (With a few notes on Glastonbury and Marlborough). Published by Richard Schooner; Ralph Lieser of Pappy’s Beryl Shop, East Hampton; and Howard Pate of Fluorescent House, Branford, Connecticut.; Schooner, Richard. (circa 1985), Untitled manuscript on central Connecticut mineralogy.
    • Maine
      • Oxford Co.
        • Buckfield
    		Rocks & Min.: 62:403-404.
        • Greenwood
    		King, V. and Foord, E.E., 1994 Mineralogy of Maine, Vol. 1, Maine Geologic Survey, Augusta.
    Mineralogical Record 24: 382-383 ; Mineral News (1993) 9:2 p. 8
    King, V. T., 1994, Mineralogy of Maine, Descriptive Mineralogy, v. 1
        • Newry
    		King, V. T., 1994, Mineralogy of Maine, Descriptive Mineralogy, v. 1
        • Norway
    		King & Foord, 1994. Mineralogy of Maine, V. 1.
        • Paris
    		King, V. and Foord, E., 1994, Mineralogy of Maine, vol. 1.
    King, V. T. and Foord, E. E., 2000, Mineralogy of Maine, v.2, Maine Geological Survey, Augusta, Maine, pp. 524 + 25 plates.; -Guidebook 1 to Mineral Collecting in the Maine Pegmatite Belt pg. 8
        • Peru
    		King, V. T. and Foord, E. E., 1994, Mineralogy of Maine, Vol. 1.
    • Massachusetts
      • Worcester Co.
        • Bolton
    		Emerson, B.K. Geology of Massachusetts and Rhode Island, 1917. (USGS Bulletin 597; Yale Peabody Museum specimen # 6887.
    Shepard, C. U., 1832, Treatise on Mineralogy
    • New Hampshire
      • Cheshire Co.
    		Morrill, 1960. NH Mines and Mineral Localities
      • Strafford Co.
        • Strafford
          • Parker Mountain
    		Rocks & Min.:64:504.; Rocks & Minerals 80:4 pp234-241
    • New Mexico
      • Taos Co.
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd Rev. Ed., 1996
    • North Carolina
      • Cleveland Co.
        • Kings Mountain District
    		Wilson,W.F and McKenzie,B.J.,1980,Mineral Collecting Sites in North Carolina,pp#50
      • Mitchell Co.
        • Spruce Pine District
    • South Dakota
      • Pennington Co.
        • Keystone District
          • Keystone
    		Rocks & Minerals: 67(6): 380-388.; USGS Bull 380D; U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    • Wyoming
    		Rocks&Min 76:23-241
        • Bridger Mts (Bridger Range)
    		Rocks & Minerals 76:386
    Meeves, H., et al (1966), Reconnaissance of beryllium-bearing pegmatite deposits in six western states, US Bur. Mines Info. Circ. 8298: 34 (Table A-1).
    USGS Prof. Paper 227
    Zimbabwe
     
    • Harare
    		Mineralogical Magazine 1959 32 : 87-89
      • Enterprise tin field
    		MUGUMBATE, R. OESTERLEN, P.M., MASIYAMBIRI, S. & DUBE, W. (2001): Industrial Minerals and Rock Deposits of Zimbabwe.- Zimbabwe Geological Survey Mineral Resources Series No. 27., Harare; 159 pages.
    • Masvingo
      • Bikita area
    		http://geology.csupomona.edu/drjessey/class/GSC433/Pegmatites.htm; Cerny, P., Anderson, A. J., Tomascak, P. B., & Chapman, R. (2003). Geochemical and morphological features of beryl from the Bikita granitic pegmatite, Zimbabwe. The Canadian Mineralogist, 41(4), 1003-1011.
    • Matabeleland North
      • Hwange District
        • Dete (Dett)
    		Rijks, H. R. P., & Van Der Veen, A. H. (1972). The geology of the tin-bearing pegmatites in the eastern part of the Kamativi district, Rhodesia. Mineralium Deposita, 7(4), 383-395.
    • Matabeleland South
      • Insiza District
        • Pioneer village n°2
    		HARRISON (N.M.) - The geology of the country around Fort Rixon and Shangani. Rhodesia Geol. Surv., Bull. 61. 1969. 152 p.
    Mineral and/or Locality  
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