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Phosgenite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About PhosgeniteHide

Formula:
Pb2CO3Cl2
Colour:
Colourless, white, yellow, brown, greenish or pink; colourless in transmitted light.
Lustre:
Adamantine
Hardness:
2 - 3
Specific Gravity:
6.12 - 6.15
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Name:
From phosgen, a name for carbonyl dichloride, COCl2, because the mineral contains carbon, oxygen, and chlorine.
Phosgenite is formed in the oxidation zone of lead ore deposits, especially where sea water is present or other sources of chlorine.




Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
3195
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3195:6
GUID
(UUID V4):
55f7ef3b-dec9-4dc0-b366-a0b98fff3068

IMA Classification of PhosgeniteHide

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Pb2(CO3)Cl2

Classification of PhosgeniteHide

5.BE.20

5 : CARBONATES (NITRATES)
B : Carbonates with additional anions, without H2O
E : With Pb, Bi
16a.3.4.1

16a : ANHYDROUS CARBONATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
3 : (AB)2(XO3)Zq
12.1.23

12 : Carbonates with other anions
1 : Carbonates with halides

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

SymbolSourceReference
PhoIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Pronunciation of PhosgeniteHide

Pronunciation:
PlayRecorded byCountry
Jolyon RalphUnited Kingdom

Physical Properties of PhosgeniteHide

Adamantine
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Colourless, white, yellow, brown, greenish or pink; colourless in transmitted light.
Streak:
White
Hardness:
2 - 3 on Mohs scale
Hardness Data:
Measured
Comment:
The hardness on {110} is less parallel to [001] than perpendicular to it.
Tenacity:
Sectile
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
Distinct on {001} and {110}; less distinct on {010}
Fracture:
Conchoidal
Translation gliding:
Translation gliding with T{110}, t[001].
Comment:
The crystals can easily be flexed about directions perpendicular to [001].
Density:
6.12 - 6.15 g/cm3 (Measured)    6.124 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of PhosgeniteHide

Type:
Uniaxial (+)
RI values:
nω = 2.118 nε = 2.145
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.027
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Very High
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
Very weakly pleochroic with O - reddish and E - greenish in thick sections.
Comments:
Weakly biaxial at times, noticeable after mechanical deformation.

Chemistry of PhosgeniteHide

Mindat Formula:
Pb2CO3Cl2

Crystallography of PhosgeniteHide

Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Class (H-M):
4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) - Ditetragonal Dipyramidal
Space Group:
P4/mbm
Cell Parameters:
a = 8.16 Å, c = 8.883(6) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 1.089
Unit Cell V:
591.48 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Crystals short prismatic to prismatic [001]; thick tabular rare {001}; thin tabular very rare. Normally terminated by large {001}, with {111} dominant at times. Massive, granular.

Crystallographic forms of PhosgeniteHide

Crystal Atlas:
Image Loading
Click on an icon to view
Phosgenite no.7 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Phosgenite no.8 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Phosgenite no.12 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Phosgenite - {110}, {001}, modified
3d models and HTML5 code kindly provided by www.smorf.nl.

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Crystal StructureHide

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IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0015646PhosgeniteGiuseppetti G, Tadini C (1974) Reexamination of the crystal structure of phosgenite, Pb2Cl2(CO3) Tschermaks Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen 21 101-1091974Monteponi Mine, Iglesias, Iglesiente district, Cagliari Province, Sardinia, Italy0293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

Epitaxial Relationships of PhosgeniteHide

Epitaxial Minerals:
Epitaxy Comments:
Cerussite on phosgenite, with cerussite {100} [010] parallel to phosgenite {001}[120].

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Image Loading

Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
2.79 Å(very very strong)
3.61 Å(very strong)
4.40 Å(strong)
2.56 Å(strong)
4.04 Å(moderately strong)
2.21 Å(moderate)
1.800 Å(moderate)
Comments:
Formed in a ancient artifact (lead pot). Data from Midgley (1958).

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Geological Setting:
Surface conditions in lead-bearing ore bodies.

Type Occurrence of PhosgeniteHide

Synonyms of PhosgeniteHide

Other Language Names for PhosgeniteHide

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
57 photos of Phosgenite associated with GalenaPbS
34 photos of Phosgenite associated with CerussitePbCO3
30 photos of Phosgenite associated with AnglesitePbSO4
23 photos of Phosgenite associated with DiaboleitePb2CuCl2(OH)4
20 photos of Phosgenite associated with LaurionitePbCl(OH)
18 photos of Phosgenite associated with CumengeitePb21Cu20Cl42(OH)40 · 6H2O
16 photos of Phosgenite associated with ParalaurionitePbCl(OH)
14 photos of Phosgenite associated with PseudoboleitePb31Cu24Cl62(OH)48
10 photos of Phosgenite associated with NealitePb4Fe2+(As3+O3)2Cl4 · 2H2O
10 photos of Phosgenite associated with BoleiteKPb26Ag9Cu24(OH)48Cl62

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

5.BE.XAbellaiteNaPb2(CO3)2(OH)Hex. 6mm : P63mc
5.BE.05ShannonitePb2O(CO3)Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21
5.BE.10HydrocerussitePb3(CO3)2(OH)2Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
5.BE.15PlumbonacritePb5O(OH)2(CO3)3Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3c1
5.BE.25Bismutite(BiO)2CO3Orth. mm2 : Imm2
5.BE.30KettneriteCaBiCO3OFOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmmn
5.BE.35BeyeriteCa(BiO)2(CO3)2Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Immm
5.BE.40GrootfonteinitePb3O(CO3)2Hex. 6mm : P63mc
5.BE.45SomersetitePb8O2(OH)2(CO3)5Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc

Fluorescence of PhosgeniteHide

Fluoresces yellow in LW & SW UV, X-rays and cathode rays.

Other InformationHide

Notes:
Soluble in dilute HNO3 with effervescence. Decomposed slowly in cold water, which extracts lead chloride.

Readily alters to, and is replaced by, Cerussite.
Health Risks:
Contains lead. Wash hands after handling. Do not lick or ingest; do not inhale dust when breaking. Do not grind dry.

Internet Links for PhosgeniteHide

References for PhosgeniteHide

Reference List:

Localities for PhosgeniteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina
 
  • Catamarca Province
    • Andalgalá Department
abstract in Mitteilungen der ... +1 other reference
    • Antofagasta de la Sierra department
      • Antofagasta de la Sierra
Singer et al. (2008)
Angelelli (1946) +1 other reference
Australia
 
  • New South Wales
    • Yancowinna Co.
      • Broken Hill district
Mineralogical Record: 7: 30. +1 other reference
The Daydream Mine
Mines of the Broken Hill District
  • Queensland
    • City of Mount Isa
Sielecki (1988)
Sielecki (1988)
  • South Australia
    • Flinders Ranges
      • North Flinders Ranges
        • Arkaroola Region (Arkaroola Wilderness Sanctuary; Arkaroola Station)
          • Mount Fitton homestead
Noble R.J. +1 other reference
        • Leigh Creek
          • Beltana
            • Ediacaran Fossil Reserve
Noble R.J.
        • Mount Lyndhurst station
Noble
        • Vulkathunha - Gammon Ranges National Park
    • Mt Lofty Ranges
      • South Mt Lofty Ranges (Adelaide Hills)
        • Chandlers Hill
Kolitsch et al. (1999)
        • Glen Osmond
  • Tasmania
    • Waratah-Wynyard municipality
      • Waratah district
        • Magnet
Haupt (1988)
    • West Coast municipality
      • Zeehan mining district
        • Dundas mineral field
Bottrill et al. (2008)
Bottrill et al. (2006)
Palache et al. (1951)
        • North Dundas
Bottrill et al. (2008)
  • Western Australia
    • Ashburton Shire
      • Tom Price
Sarp et al. (1987) +1 other reference
    • Exmouth Shire
MacLeod (1991)
Austria
 
  • Carinthia
    • Sankt Veit an der Glan District
      • Guttaring
        • Waitschach
abstract in Mitt. Österr. Mineral. ... +2 other references
  • Salzburg
    • Zell am See District
      • Leogang
        • Hütten
          • Schwarzleograben
            • Schwarzleo mining district
Bindi et al. (2011)
      • Rauris
        • Alteck - Hoher Sonnblick area
          • Kolm-Saigurn
Strasser (1989)
Niedermayr et al. (2009)
  • Styria
    • Murtal District
      • Pölstal
        • Oberzeiring
C.Auer (2012)
  • Vorarlberg
    • Bludenz District
      • Silbertal
        • Rinder valley (Gafluna valley)
Kolitsch (2013)
Brazil
 
  • Pará
    • São Félix do Xingu
Cassedanne et al. (1975)
  • São Paulo
    • Iporanga
Cassedanne et al. (1975)
Chile
 
  • Antofagasta
    • Antofagasta Province
      • Antofagasta
Arfè et al. (2016)
    • Tocopilla Province
      • María Elena
maurizio dini collection - analysed ...
  • Tarapacá
    • Iquique Province
sample analysed by Tony Kampf
China
 
Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data of ...
Czech Republic
 
  • Central Bohemian Region
    • Příbram District
      • Lhota u Příbramě
RÜSENBERG et al. (1996)
France
 
  • Brittany
    • Côtes-d'Armor
      • Guingamp
        • Carnoët
          • Menez-Plom
P. Le Roch collection
    • Finistère
      • Châteaulin
        • Poullaouen
Germain C. et al. (1990)
  • Grand Est
    • Bas-Rhin
      • Sélestat-Erstein
        • Urbeis
Aufschluss 1/85
    • Haute-Marne
      • Langres
Palache et al. (1951)
  • Nouvelle-Aquitaine
    • Corrèze
      • Ussel
        • Ussel
Brousse (1982)
  • Occitanie
    • Aveyron
      • Villefranche-de-Rouergue
        • Villefranche-de-Rouergue
Queneau (n.d.)
    • Lozère
      • Mende
        • Saint-Léger-de-Peyre
Queneau (n.d.)
  • Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
    • Var
      • Toulon
        • Le Pradet
          • Cap Garonne Mine
Georges FAVREAU collection & EDX ...
Germany
 
  • Baden-Württemberg
    • Freiburg Region
      • Ortenaukreis
        • Oberwolfach
Kolitsch et al. (2019)
  • Hesse
    • Kassel Region
      • Hersfeld-Rotenburg
        • Nentershausen
          • Süß
            • Richelsdorf Smelter
Weiß (1990)
  • Lower Saxony
    • Goslar District
      • Langelsheim
        • Astfeld
  • North Rhine-Westphalia
    • Cologne
      • Euskirchen
        • Kall
Blaß et al. (1995)
    • Düsseldorf
      • Essen
        • Dellwig
Weiß (1990)
      • Mettmann
        • Velbert
Lapis 1988 (1)
      • Mülheim an der Ruhr
        • Saarn
Lapis 1988 (1)
    • Münster
      • Recklinghausen
        • Marl
          • Hüls
Weiß (1990)
Heckmann et al. (1990)
  • Rhineland-Palatinate
    • Neuwied
      • Puderbach
        • Puderbach
Lapis (9)
Greece
 
  • Attica
    • East Attica
      • Lavreotiki
        • Lavrion Mining District
          • Agios Konstantinos (Kamariza)
Kohlberger (1976)
          • Elaiochori
            • Dipseliza mines
Branko Rieck collection
          • Km 3
            • Kaminiza mines
Fritz Schreiber collection
          • Plaka
            • Plaka Mines
40 (in German) +2 other references
van Kalmthout (2012) +1 other reference
Kolitsch et al. (2014)
Ko Jansen Collection & photo
Gelaude et al. (1996)
Siidra et al. (2011)
Gelaude et al. (1996)
Gelaude et al. (1996)
Lacroix et al. (1908) +2 other references
Iran
 
  • Isfahan Province
    • Nain County
      • Anarak District
Bariand +1 other reference
Ireland
 
  • Leinster
    • Dublin County
Green (1998)
Green (1998)
Italy
 
  • Lazio
    • Metropolitan City of Rome Capital
      • Anzio
Palombi et al. (2009)
  • Liguria
    • Genoa
      • Genoa
        • Varenna Valley
Rivista Mineralogica Italiana (Avril/Juin)
  • Sardinia
Lips (2006)
    • Sassari Province
      • Sassari
Orlandi et al. (2007) +1 other reference
    • South Sardinia Province
      • Domusnovas
Stara
      • Fluminimaggiore
Stara et al. (1996)
      • Gonnesa
De Caro et al. (2023)
Pelloux (1907) +1 other reference
Stara et al. (1996)
      • Gonnosfanadiga
        • Fenugu Sibiri Mine
Stara et al. (1996)
      • Guspini
Lapis (12) +1 other reference
      • Iglesias
        • Bindua
De Michele (1974)
Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference
        • Nebida
Guida ai minerali Gruppo editore Fabbri ... +1 other reference
Stara et al. (1996)
      • Villaputzu
Kokscharow et al. (1865) +4 other references
  • Tuscany
    • Grosseto Province
      • Isola del Giglio
        • Giglio Island
          • Franco Promontory
Marinai
      • Montieri
        • Gerfalco
Bazzoni et al. (2001)
    • Livorno Province
      • Campiglia Marittima
Luigi Chiappino
www.comune.pisa.it (2000)
      • Piombino
Franzini et al. (1992) +2 other references
      • Sassetta
        • Canina Valley
Jansen et al. (1998)
      • Suvereto
Luigi Chiappino data
  • Veneto
    • Metropolitan City of Venice
      • Venice
Adriano Perugini find & collection
Mexico
 
  • Baja California Sur
    • Mulegé Municipality
      • Santa Rosalía
Mineralogical Record: 29: 43.
          • Arroyo de la Soledad
Panczner (1987)
  • San Luis Potosí
    • Guadalcázar Municipality
      • Guadalcázar
Panczner (1987)
Morocco
 
  • Drâa-Tafilalet Region
    • Midelt Province
Jébrak et al. (1998)
  • Oriental Region
    • Jerada Province
      • Touissit-Bou Beker mining district
Georges Favreau collection
King (n.d.)
[MinRec 18:430 +1 other reference
Namibia
 
  • Oshikoto Region
    • Tsumeb
Mineralogical Record: 8: 29 +3 other references
Norway
 
  • Nordland
    • Narvik
Husdal (2019)
    • Sørfold
Ellingsen et al. (2000)
  • Viken
    • Rælingen
      • Løvenstad
Kamphaug (1986)
Poland
 
  • Silesian Voivodeship
    • Tarnowskie Góry County
Palache et al. (1951)
Eligiusz Szełęg collection
Portugal
 
  • Beja
    • Castro Verde
      • Castro Verde e Casével
Pedro Alves collection and analytical ...
    • Odemira
      • São Luís
Pedro Alves collection and analytical ...
  • Viana do Castelo
    • Ponte de Lima
      • Estorãos
Leal Gomes
Russia
 
  • Altai Krai
Palache et al. (1951)
South Africa
 
  • Mpumalanga
    • Nkangala District Municipality
      • Victor Khanye Local Municipality
        • Delmas
Cairncross et al. (1995)
            • Dwarsfontein Farm
              • Transvaal Mine
SAMS (South African Micromount Society)
Spain
 
  • Andalusia
    • Almería
      • Cuevas del Almanzora
        • Sierra Almagrera
          • Villaricos
Georges FAVREAU collection + EDS
    • Málaga
      • Mijas
Calvo Rebollar (2012)
  • Asturias
    • Vegadeo
      • Meredo
        • Bedures hill (Vidures hill)
Calvo Rebollar et al. (2018)
  • Cantabria
    • Peñarrubia
      • Piñeres
Sergio Evangelio Collection
  • Catalonia
    • Tarragona
      • Baix Camp
        • Alforja
Xavi Ortiz Collection
  • Murcia
    • Mazarrón
Van der Berg et al. (2020)
Tunisia
 
  • Kef
    • Tajerouine
      • Slata Pb-Zn deposit
Palache et al. (1951)
Palache et al. (1951)
    • Mahdia
Kutzke et al. (1997)
UK
 
  • England
    • Bristol
      • Westbury on Trym
Day (1999)
    • Cornwall
      • Crantock
BMS Newsletter 79 (http://britishmicromountsociety.homestead.com/Gannell-Smelter.html)
      • Falmouth
Dean et al. (1983) +1 other reference
      • Gwinear-Gwithian
        • Gwithian
Michael Merry (collected 2007)
      • Mawnan
Paul De Bondt collection
      • Newquay
Golley et al. (1995)
      • Padstow
        • Gunver Head
Golley et al. (1995) +1 other reference
      • Perranzabuloe
        • Penhale Point
Golley et al. (1995)
        • Perran Iron Lode (Great Perran Iron Lode)
Steve Rust specimen
      • Porthleven
Russell et al. (1927) +3 other references
      • St Endellion
Stanley et al. (1991) +1 other reference
      • St Hilary
Kingsbury (1957) +1 other reference
      • St Minver
        • Trebetherick
Golley et al. (1995)
      • St Teath
        • Treligga
Golley et al. (1995)
      • Tintagel
        • Trebarwith
Peter Trebilcock.
Peter Trebilcock collection
    • County Durham
      • Healeyfield
Norman Wilson personal collection
    • Cumbria
      • Allerdale
        • Caldbeck
Kingsbury (1957) +1 other reference
Kingsbury (1957)
Stanley et al. (1991)
    • Derbyshire
      • Derbyshire Dales District
Mineralogical Record 23 +6 other references
        • Wirksworth
Russell et al. (1927) +3 other references
Ford et al. (1993)
    • North Somerset
      • Clevedon
Day (1999)
    • Staffordshire
      • Staffordshire Moorlands
        • Wetton
          • Ecton
            • Back of Ecton
S Rust collection
  • Scotland
    • Moray
F. Rutley: "Elements of Mineralogy" (1900)
      • Lossiemouth
Day (1999)
  • Wales
    • Ceredigion
      • Ceulanymaesmawr
        • Tal-y-bont
S Rust collection
    • Gwynedd
      • Llanengan
        • Abersoch
Day (1999)
USA
 
  • Arizona
    • Maricopa County
      • Osborn Mining District
        • Tonopah
          • Belmont Mountain
Raman analyzed at the University of ...
      • Painted Rock Mountains
        • Painted Rock Mining District
          • Theba
Raman analyzed at the University of ...
    • Pinal County
      • Mammoth Mining District
        • Tiger
          • St. Anthony deposit
Fahey et al. (1950) +5 other references
Palache (1941) +4 other references
  • California
    • Inyo County
Hanks (1884) +2 other references
    • San Bernardino County
      • Silver Lake Mining District
        • Soda Mountains
          • Baker
            • Otto Mountain
Marek Chorazewicz (2022)
  • Colorado
    • Custer County
      • Oak Creek Mining District (Ilse Mining District)
Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference
  • Idaho
    • Custer County
Färber (n.d.)
  • Massachusetts
    • Hampshire County
      • Easthampton
Breithaupt A (1841) +2 other references
  • Nevada
    • Lincoln County
      • Pioche Mining District
Castor et al. (2004) +1 other reference
    • Nye County
      • Lodi Hills
        • Lodi Mining District
          • Marble camp
Castor et al. (2004)
  • New Mexico
    • Doña Ana County
      • Organ Mountains
Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference
Mineralogical Record: 4: 33 +1 other reference
    • Socorro County
      • Hansonburg District
        • Bingham
          • Mex-Tex Mine
Mineralogical Record: 26 (5)
Northrop et al. (1996)
  • Pennsylvania
    • Northampton County
      • Easton
Lapham & Geyer
  • Rhode Island
    • Providence County
      • Cranston
Miller (1971)
Alminas +2 other references
  • Utah
    • Juab County
      • Tintic Mining District
        • Eureka
Encyclopedia of Minerals +3 other references
        • Mammoth
          • North Star Mine (Star Consolidated Mine)
MarekC (2018)
  • Virginia
    • Wythe County
      • New River-Cripple Creek Region
        • Austinville-Ivanhoe Mining District
Dietrich (1990)
  • Washington
    • Pierce County
      • Tacoma
Washington Geology
 
Mineral and/or Locality  
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