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Pickeringite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About PickeringiteHide

05593820014947045824238.jpg
John Pickering
Formula:
MgAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
Colour:
Colourless to white, light yellow, pale pink, orange, gray; colourless in transmitted light
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
1½ - 2
Specific Gravity:
1.73 - 1.79
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named by Augustus A. Hayes in 1844 in honor of John Pickering (7 February 1777, Salem, Massachusetts, USA - 5 May 1846, Boston, Massachusetts, USA), linguist, philologist, and President of the American Academy of Sciences.
Halotrichite Group; Halotrichite-Pickeringite Series.
The Mg analogue of Halotrichite.

At least a partial series entends toward Apjohnite.




Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
3204
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3204:5
GUID
(UUID V4):
e83656ab-d636-48ec-815b-4b4a9216b081

IMA Classification of PickeringiteHide

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
First published:
1844

Classification of PickeringiteHide

7.CB.85

7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
C : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) without additional anions, with H2O
B : With only medium-sized cations
29.7.3.1

29 : HYDRATED ACID AND NORMAL SULFATES
7 : AB2(XO4)4·H2O
25.3.18

25 : Sulphates
3 : Sulphates of Mg

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

SymbolSourceReference
PkgIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of PickeringiteHide

Vitreous
Transparency:
Translucent
Colour:
Colourless to white, light yellow, pale pink, orange, gray; colourless in transmitted light
Streak:
White
Hardness:
1½ - 2 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Poor/Indistinct
On {010} poor.
Fracture:
Conchoidal
Density:
1.73 - 1.79 g/cm3 (Measured)    1.84 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Comment:
Pure end-member values.

Optical Data of PickeringiteHide

Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.475 nβ = 1.480 nγ = 1.483
2V:
Measured: 60° , Calculated: 80°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.008
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
none

Chemistry of PickeringiteHide

Mindat Formula:
MgAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
Common Impurities:
Mn,Fe,Co

Chemical AnalysisHide

Crystallography of PickeringiteHide

Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/b
Setting:
P21/c
Cell Parameters:
a = 20.8 Å, b = 24.2 Å, c = 6.18 Å
β = 95°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.86 : 1 : 0.255
Unit Cell V:
3,098.93 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Crystals acicular [001]; distinctly terminated crystals rare. Radial or matted aggregates of hair-like crystals; tufted; spheroidal; as incrustations or effloresences; asbestiform. Larger crystals may be hollow or contain bubbles of liquid or gas.

Crystal StructureHide

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IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0006848PickeringiteQuartieri S, Triscari M, Viani A (2000) Crystal structure of the hydrated sulphate pickeringite (MgAl2(SO4)4.22H2O): X-ray powder diffraction study European Journal of Mineralogy 12 1131-113820000293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

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Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
6.08 Å(20)
4.97 Å(20)
4.82 Å(100)
4.32 Å(35)
4.122 Å(30)
3.510 Å(90)
3.791 Å(30)
Comments:
ICDD 12-299.

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Geological Setting:
Common mineral formed by oxidation of pyrite in aluminous rocks, coal seams, caves, fumaroles, ore veins in arid regions.

Type Occurrence of PickeringiteHide

General Appearance of Type Material:
Masses, composed of long parallel fibers.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
No designated type material.

Synonyms of PickeringiteHide

Other Language Names for PickeringiteHide

Varieties of PickeringiteHide

FerropickeringiteAn iron-rich variety of pickeringite.
Originally reported from Dientnergraben, Eschenau, Lend, Schwarzach, Salzburg, Austria.
KaspariteA Co-bearing variety of pickeringite.

Originally described from Dubník, Červenica (Czerwenitza), Northern Slanské Mts, Presov Region, Slovak Republic.
Manganese-bearing PickeringiteMn'' may substitute for (Mg,Fe) in at least a partial series toward Apjohnite.

Relationship of Pickeringite to other SpeciesHide

Other Members of this group:
ApjohniteMn2+Al2(SO4)4 · 22H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
BíliniteFe2+Fe3+2(SO4)4 · 22H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
Dietrichite(Zn,Fe2+,Mn2+)Al2(SO4)4 · 22H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
HalotrichiteFeAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2OMon. 2 : P2
Redingtonite(Fe2+,Mg,Ni)(Cr,Al)2(SO4)4 · 22H2OMon. 2
Wupatkiite(Co,Mg,Ni)Al2(SO4)4 · 22H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
Forms a series with:

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
12 photos of Pickeringite associated with MagnesiocopiapiteMgFe3+4(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O
9 photos of Pickeringite associated with Kasparite(Mg,Co)Al2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
9 photos of Pickeringite associated with Magnesioaubertite(Mg,Cu)Al(SO4)2Cl · 14H2O
8 photos of Pickeringite associated with CopiapiteFe2+Fe3+4(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O
8 photos of Pickeringite associated with BotryogenMgFe3+(SO4)2(OH) · 7H2O
7 photos of Pickeringite associated with MetavoltineK2Na6Fe2+Fe3+6O2(SO4)12 · 18H2O
6 photos of Pickeringite associated with ChalcanthiteCuSO4 · 5H2O
5 photos of Pickeringite associated with HexahydriteMgSO4 · 6H2O
5 photos of Pickeringite associated with TamarugiteNaAl(SO4)2 · 6H2O
5 photos of Pickeringite associated with MelanteriteFe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2O

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

7.CB.SarvodaiteAl2(SO4)3 · 5H2O Mon. 2/m : P21/m
7.CB.02VoudourisiteCdSO4 · H2OMon. 2/m : P21/m
7.CB.05DwornikiteNi(SO4) · H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
7.CB.05GunningiteZnSO4 · H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
7.CB.05KieseriteMgSO4 · H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
7.CB.05Poitevinite(Cu,Fe)SO4 · H2OTric. 1 : P1
7.CB.05SzmikiteMnSO4 · H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
7.CB.05SzomolnokiteFeSO4 · H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
7.CB.05CobaltkieseriteCoSO4 · H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
7.CB.07SanderiteMgSO4 · 2H2OOrth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21
7.CB.10BonattiteCuSO4 · 3H2OMon. m : Bb
7.CB.12BelogubiteCuZn(SO4)2 · 10H2OTric. 1 : P1
7.CB.15Aplowite(Co,Mn,Ni)SO4 · 4H2OMon. 2/m
7.CB.15Boyleite(Zn,Mg)SO4 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.CB.15Ilesite(Mn,Zn,Fe)SO4 · 4H2OMon. 2/m
7.CB.15RozeniteFeSO4 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.CB.15StarkeyiteMgSO4 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.CB.15DrobeciteCdSO4 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P21/m
7.CB.15CranswickiteMgSO4 · 4H2OMon. m : Bb
7.CB.20ChalcanthiteCuSO4 · 5H2OTric. 1 : P1
7.CB.20JôkokuiteMnSO4 · 5H2OTric. 1 : P1
7.CB.20PentahydriteMgSO4 · 5H2OTric. 1 : P1
7.CB.20SiderotilFeSO4 · 5H2OTric.
7.CB.25BianchiteZn(SO4) · 6H2OMon. 2/m : P2/m
7.CB.25ChvaleticeiteMn(SO4) · 6H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
7.CB.25FerrohexahydriteFeSO4 · 6H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
7.CB.25HexahydriteMgSO4 · 6H2OMon. 2/m : P2/m
7.CB.25MoorhouseiteCo(SO4) · 6H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
7.CB.25NickelhexahydriteNi(SO4) · 6H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
7.CB.30RetgersiteNiSO4 · 6H2OTet. 4 2 2 : P41 21 2
7.CB.35BieberiteCoSO4 · 7H2OMon. 2/m : P2/m
7.CB.35BoothiteCuSO4 · 7H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.CB.35MallarditeMnSO4 · 7H2OMon. 2/m : P2/m
7.CB.35MelanteriteFe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.CB.35Zincmelanterite(Zn,Cu,Fe)SO4 · 7H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.CB.35Alpersite(Mg,Cu)(SO4) · 7H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.CB.40EpsomiteMgSO4 · 7H2OOrth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21
7.CB.40GoslariteZnSO4 · 7H2OOrth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21
7.CB.40MorenositeNiSO4 · 7H2OOrth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21
7.CB.45AlunogenAl2(SO4)3 · 17H2OTric. 1 : P1
7.CB.45Meta-alunogenAl2(SO4)3 · 12H2OOrth.
7.CB.50AluminocoquimbiteAl2Fe2(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2OTrig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3 1c
7.CB.50Lazaridisite3CdSO4 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
7.CB.52PararaisaiteCuMg[Te6+O4(OH)2] · 6H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.CB.55CoquimbiteAlFe3(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2OTrig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3 1c
7.CB.55ParacoquimbiteFe4(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2OTrig. 3 : R3
7.CB.55Rhomboclase(H5O2)Fe3+(SO4)2 · 2H2OOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
7.CB.55RaisaiteCuMg[Te6+O4(OH)2] · 6H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
7.CB.57CaichengyuniteFe2+3Al2(SO4)6 · 30H2OMon.
7.CB.60KorneliteFe2(SO4)3 · 7H2OMon. 2/m : P21/m
7.CB.65QuenstedtiteFe2(SO4)3 · 11H2OTric. 1 : P1
7.CB.70LauseniteFe2(SO4)3 · 5H2OMon. 2/m : P21/m
7.CB.75LishizheniteZnFe2(SO4)4 · 14H2OTric. 1 : P1
7.CB.75RömeriteFe2+Fe3+2(SO4)4 · 14H2OTric. 1 : P1
7.CB.80RansomiteCuFe2(SO4)4 · 6H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.CB.85ApjohniteMn2+Al2(SO4)4 · 22H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.CB.85BíliniteFe2+Fe3+2(SO4)4 · 22H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.CB.85Dietrichite(Zn,Fe2+,Mn2+)Al2(SO4)4 · 22H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.CB.85HalotrichiteFeAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2OMon. 2 : P2
7.CB.85Redingtonite(Fe2+,Mg,Ni)(Cr,Al)2(SO4)4 · 22H2OMon. 2
7.CB.85Wupatkiite(Co,Mg,Ni)Al2(SO4)4 · 22H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.CB.90MeridianiiteMgSO4 · 11H2OTric. 1 : P1

Other InformationHide

Thermal Behaviour:
Heated in a closed tube, yields water.
Notes:
Soluble in water, with the solution having an acid pH and an astringent taste.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for PickeringiteHide

References for PickeringiteHide

Reference List:

Localities for PickeringiteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Antarctica
 
  • Western Antarctica
    • Thiel Mts.
Vennum (1986)
Argentina
 
  • San Juan Province
    • Calingasta Department
      • Calingasta
        • Quebrada Alcaparrosa
Notulae Naturae of The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (1941)
Juan Carlos Lodovichi
Australia
 
  • Australian Capital Territory
    • Paddy's River District
McQueen +2 other references
  • New South Wales
    • Cumberland County
      • Prospect
Keith Compton collection
    • Georgiana Co.
      • Peelwood
Australian J. Mineralogy 13 (2)
    • Yancowinna Co.
      • Broken Hill district
Birch (1999)
  • Queensland
    • City of Mount Isa
      • Mount Isa
Sielecki (1988)
Sielecki (1988)
  • South Australia
    • Murray Basin
      • Murray Riverlands
Rob Fitzpatrick
  • Victoria
    • Macedon Ranges Shire
      • Bullengarook
1. Carroll 2002. +1 other reference
    • Mount Alexander Shire
      • Maldon
  • Western Australia
    • Meekatharra Shire
Simpson Mineral Collection of the ...
Simpson Mineral Collection of the ...
      • Mount Vernon Station
Simpson Mineral Collection of the ...
Government Chemical Laboratories. In: ... +1 other reference
    • Menzies Shire
      • Davyhurst Goldfield
        • Mulwarrie
Simpson (1948)
Austria
 
  • Burgenland
    • Mattersburg District
Huber et al. (2009)
  • Carinthia
    • Sankt Veit an der Glan District
      • Guttaring
Niedermayr et al. (1995)
    • Spittal an der Drau District
      • Malta
        • Gößbach valley
Niedermayr et al. (1995)
  • Lower Austria
    • Horn District
      • Brunn an der Wild
        • Atzelsdorf
Kolitsch et al. (2022)
      • Drosendorf-Zissersdorf
        • Wollmersdorf (Zettlitz-Wollmersdorf)
Kolitsch (2017)
    • Krems-Land District
Neschen (n.d.)
      • Mühldorf
        • Amstall
Kolitsch et al. (2022)
Goldmann et al. (2008)
GOLDMANN et al. (2008)
  • Salzburg
    • Salzburg
      • Untersberg massif
Strasser (1989)
    • St. Johann im Pongau District
      • Mühlbach am Hochkönig
Strasser (1989)
    • Zell am See District
      • Lend
        • Eschenau
H. Meixner et al. (1937)
  • Styria
    • Bruck-Mürzzuschlag District
      • Sankt Barbara im Mürztal
        • Veitsch
          • Sattlerkogel
Taucher (2012)
    • Deutschlandsberg District
      • Bad Schwanberg
        • Gressenberg
          • Schwarze Sulm
Postl et al. (2014)
      • Stainz
        • Marhof
Postl et al. (2011)
    • Leoben District
      • Kalwang
        • Langteichengraben (Lange Teichen)
Exel (1993)
      • Kammern im Liesingtal
        • Seiz
          • Wolfsgruben (Wolfgruben)
WENINGER (1968)
      • Leoben
Meixner (1954)
    • Liezen District
      • Irdning-Donnersbachtal
        • Donnersbach
Neschen (n.d.)
    • Murau District
      • Stadl-Predlitz
Schwaighofer et al. (1979)
    • Murtal District
      • Hohentauern
        • Sunk
MEIXNER (1980)
    • Voitsberg District
      • Edelschrott
        • Modriach
          • Herzogberg
Taucher et al. (1995)
Belgium
 
  • Wallonia
    • Liège
      • Aubel
Mélon et al. (1976) +3 other references
      • Liège
        • Glain
Mélon et al. (1976) +1 other reference
Mélon et al. (1976) +1 other reference
    • Walloon Brabant
      • Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve
Van Tassel (1944) +4 other references
Bolivia
 
  • La Paz
    • Loayza Province
Federico Ahlfeld and Alejandro Schneider-Scherbina (1964)
  • Potosí
    • Rafael Bustillo Province
      • Llallagua
Wilson (2001)
    • Tomás Frías Province
      • Potosí (Potosí Municipality)
Smith et al. (2001)
Brazil
 
  • Minas Gerais
    • Caldas
Waber et al. (1992) +1 other reference
  • Tocantins
    • Jaú do Tocantins
Queiroz (2016)
Bulgaria
 
  • Blagoevgrad Province
    • Simitli Municipality
      • Brezhani
Elena Shcherbakova (2010)
  • Kardzhali Province
    • Momchilgrad Municipality
      • Obichnik
Kunov et al. (1997)
  • Montana Province
    • Chiprovtsi Municipality
Младенова et al. (2007)
Canada
 
  • Alberta
    • Peace River
Ralph L. Rutherford (1932)
  • Manitoba
    • Sherridon District
Geological Association of Canada (2014)
  • Nova Scotia
    • Cape Breton Co.
Zodrow (1989)
Zodrow et al. (1978)
    • Hants Co.
How (1867)
Cape Verde
 
  • Sotavento Islands
    • Fogo Island
Universidade de Evora
Chile
 
  • Antofagasta
    • Antofagasta Province
      • Mejillones
        • Mejillones peninsula
SEM-EDS by Igor V. Pekov
      • Sierra Gorda
Kampf +5 other references
XRD by Joachim Lorenz
    • El Loa Province
      • Calama
        • Chuquicamata District
Palache et al. (1951)
    • Tocopilla Province
      • María Elena
        • Oficina María Elena
S. G. Gordon (1942)
  • Tarapacá
    • Tamarugal Province
American Journal of Science (1844) +1 other reference
China
 
  • Guizhou
    • Qianxinan
      • Xingren County
Acta Mineral. Sinica: 21 (3)
  • Inner Mongolia
    • Bayannur City (Bayannao'er Prefecture)
      • Urad Rear Banner (Wulate Houqi)
Zhaolong Li et al. (1981)
  • Qinghai
    • Haixi Mongol and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture
      • Da Qaidam (Dachaidan Co.)
        • Xitieshan
Guangzhi Tu et al. (1964)
  • Xinjiang
    • Turpan
      • Shanshan Co.
        • Kanggur-Xifengshan gold belt
Kaiyin Bai and Zhaoxin Han (2007)
Costa Rica
 
  • Alajuela Province
    • Sarchí Canton
Rodríguez et al. (2017)
  • Cartago Province
    • Oreamuno Canton
      • Irazú Volcano
Ulloa et al. (2018)
Czech Republic
 
  • Central Bohemian Region
Lapis 2000 (4)
Zacek et al. (1995)
      • Libušin
Uwe Kolitsch (powder X-ray diffraction + SEM-EDS) +1 other reference
    • Prague-West District
      • Hradištko
Velebil
    • Rakovník District
      • Pavlíkov
        • Skřivaň
Palache et al. (1951)
  • Hradec Králové Region
    • Trutnov District
      • Radvanice
Jirásek (2001)
  • Liberec Region
    • Česká Lípa District
      • Dubá
Breiter K. (1976)
Scharm +7 other references
  • Moravian-Silesian Region
    • Karviná District
      • Lázně Darkov
Matýsek D.
      • Orlová
Matýsek D.
        • Lazy Mine
Matýsek D.
      • Stonava
Matýsek D.
    • Ostrava-City District
      • Ostrava
        • Koblov
Matýsek D. (1999)
  • Pardubice Region
    • Pardubice District
Prachař +6 other references
  • Prague
Palache et al. (1951)
  • Vysočina Region
    • Žďár nad Sázavou District
      • Rožná
        • Rožná deposit
Petr Pauliš
Egypt
 
  • New Valley Governorate
Finland
 
  • South Savo
    • Joroinen
Vorma
France
 
  • Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
    • Cantal
      • Mauriac
        • Salers
          • Fontanges
  • Hauts-de-France
    • Pas-de-Calais
      • Lens
Naze-Nancy Masalehdani et al. (2009)
Germany
 
  • Bavaria
    • Upper Palatinate
      • Weiden in der Oberpfalz
        • Oedenthal
Manfred Früchtl collection (SEM-EDS analysed)
  • North Rhine-Westphalia
    • Arnsberg
      • Herne
        • Baukau
Weiß (1990)
      • Hochsauerlandkreis
        • Marsberg
Schnorrer (2000) +1 other reference
    • Cologne
      • Aachen
        • Alsdorf
Blaß et al. (1993) +1 other reference
  • Saxony
    • Bautzen District
      • Oßling
Wittern (2001)
      • Wittichenau
Wittern (2001)
  • Thuringia
    • Greiz District
      • Kauern
T. Witzke & F. Rüger: Lapis 1998 (7/8)
    • Saalfeld-Rudolstadt District
      • Lehesten
Liebeskind et al. (1992)
Greece
 
  • Attica
    • East Attica
      • Lavreotiki
        • Lavrion mining district
          • Plaka
            • Plaka Mines
Branko Rieck collection
          • Sounion
            • Cato Sounio mines
Branko Rieck collection
  • Central Macedonia
    • Chalkidiki
      • Kassandra
Lazaridis G. et al. (2011)
  • Eastern Macedonia and Thrace
    • Evros
      • Alexandroupoli
        • Kirki Mines
Triantafyllidis et al. (2007)
Guatemala
 
  • Quetzaltenango Department
    • El Palmar
Stoiber et al. (1974)
Hungary
 
  • Baranya County
    • Pécs District
Szakáll-Gatter-Szendrei.Mineral ...
Szakáll et al. (2008)
  • Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County
    • Kazincbarcika District
      • Dédestapolcsány
ACTA MIN. PETR. Suppl. Tomus XXXVIII.
    • Miskolc District
Mineral Species of Hungary
    • Tokaj District
      • Tarcal
ACTA MIN. PETR. Suppl. Tomus XXXVIII. +1 other reference
  • Nógrád County
Szakáll & Gatter: Hun. Min. Spec.
Iceland
 
  • Southern Peninsula
    • Grindavíkurbær
      • Trolladyngja
Lahan (2012)
Italy
 
  • Calabria
    • Cosenza Province
      • Cassano all'Ionio (Cassano allo Ionio)
D’Angeli et al. (2017) +1 other reference
  • Campania
    • Naples
      • Bacoli
        • Miseno
NHM +1 other reference
      • Pozzuoli
Russo et al. (2017)
Mormone et al. (2015, April) +1 other reference
Palache et al. (1951)
      • Somma-Vesuvius Complex
Russo et al. (2004)
          • Torre del Greco
Russo et al. (2004) +1 other reference
Russo et al. (2004) +1 other reference
  • Liguria
    • Genoa
      • Sestri Levante
Carbone et al. (2002)
  • Piedmont
    • Cuneo Province
Piccoli et al. (2007)
      • Entracque
Ciriotti et al. (2020)
    • Metropolitan City of Turin
      • Chialamberto
Piccoli et al. (2007)
      • Lessolo
        • Calea
Campostrini (2001)
    • Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province
      • Macugnaga
Ferrari et al. (1950) +2 other references
      • Ornavasso
C.M. Gramaccioli (1975)
      • Premosello-Chiovenda
Scaini G. (1971) +1 other reference
  • Sardinia
    • Nuoro Province
      • Gadoni
Stara et al. (1999)
    • Sassari Province
Gamboni et al. (2021)
      • Sassari
"Giorgio Bortolozzi (visual identification)
    • South Sardinia Province
      • Fluminimaggiore
Stara et al. (1996)
Stara et al. (1996)
Stara et al. (1994)
      • Furtei
Da Pelo et al. (2000)
      • Gonnosfanadiga
Stara et al. (1996)
      • Villaputzu
M.E. Ciriotti - 11.06.2008 - Probed
  • Sicily
    • Metropolitan City of Messina
      • Eolie Islands (Aeolian Islands)
        • Lipari
Renzulli +4 other references
          • Vulcano Island
Campostrini et al. (2011)
            • Porto Levante
Campostrini et al. (2011)
GEBHARD G. et al. (1988)
GEBHARD G. et al. (1988)
GEBHARD G. et al. (1988)
GEBHARD G. et al. (1988) +1 other reference
  • Trentino-Alto Adige (Trentino-South Tyrol)
    • Trento Province (Trentino)
      • Fierozzo
Forenza et al. (2005)
  • Tuscany
    • Grosseto Province
      • Massa Marittima
      • Scansano
Brizzi et al. (1995)
    • Livorno Province
      • Capoliveri
J. Göske et al. (1997)
Giorgio Bortolozzi visual identification
      • Livorno
Innocenti et al. (2002) +1 other reference
      • Porto Azzurro
G. D'Achiardi (picroallumogene)
      • Rio
De Michele (1974)
          • Rio Mine
F. Millosevich (1914)
L. Rossato
U. Panichi
    • Lucca Province
      • Vergemoli
Mauro (2020)
Mauro D. (2016) +1 other reference
    • Pisa Province
      • Pomarance
Orlandi P. (2005)
    • Siena Province
      • Chiusdino
Mineralogical Record (1) +1 other reference
Japan
 
  • Hokkaidō Prefecture
    • Iburi Subprefecture
      • Usu District
Matsubara (2002)
  • Tokushima Prefecture
    • Tokushima City
- (T. Minakawa, Univ. Ehime)
Mexico
 
  • Durango
    • Mapimí Municipality
      • Mapimí
  • Guerrero
    • Taxco de Alarcón
Yta et al. (2005)
Yta et al. (2005)
Nicaragua
 
  • León Department
Hynek et al. (2013)
Hynek et al. (2013, March)
    • Momotombo volcano
Hynek et al. (2013)
    • Telica Volcano
Hynek et al. (2013, March) +1 other reference
North Macedonia
 
  • Lipkovo Municipality
Kolitsch et al. (2018)
Norway
 
  • Innlandet
    • Ringebu
      • Fåvang
Broch (1931)
Pakistan
 
  • Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province
    • Nowshera District
      • Jehangira
Niazi (2023)
    • Swabi District
M. Qasim Jan et al. (1985)
Peru
 
  • Arequipa
    • Caylloma Province
      • Chivay District
Ciesielczuk et al. (2013)
Poland
 
  • Lesser Poland Voivodeship
    • Tarnów County
      • Gmina Ciężkowice
Marszałek +2 other references
  • Lower Silesian Voivodeship
    • Kamienna Góra County
      • Gmina Marciszów
Siuda (2004) +1 other reference
          • Colourful Lakelets
Mochnacka et al. (2015)
  • Silesian Voivodeship
    • Rybnik County
      • Gmina Czerwionka-Leszczyny
Kruszewski (2013)
Kruszewski (2013)
Portugal
 
  • Aveiro
    • Arouca
Joana Ribeiro et al. (2013)
  • Beja
    • Aljustrel
      • Aljustrel e Rio de Moinhos
        • Aljustrel Mine
Romania
 
  • Alba County
    • Roșia Montană
Onac (2003)
  • Caraş-Severin County
    • Băile Herculane
B. Onac et al (2009, July)
  • Harghita County
Edited by Szakáll-Kristály (2010)
  • Hunedoara County
    • Domogled - Cernei Valley National Park
Onac (2009)
  • Maramureș County
    • Băiuț
European Journal of Mineralogy: 12: ... +1 other reference
Russia
 
  • Chelyabinsk Oblast
Cesnokov et al. (1998)
    • Ilmen Mountains
Pekov (1998)
  • Kamchatka Krai
    • Yelizovsky District
      • Kronotsky Reserve
Active Volcanoes of Kamchatka
[Der Aufschluss 1995:4 p163-180] +1 other reference
Bortnikova et al. (2008) +1 other reference
  • Sakha
    • Oymyakonsky District
Kudrin et al. (2021)
  • Sverdlovsk Oblast
    • Kirovgrad
Dana 7:II:502
Senegal
 
  • Ziguinchor Region
Montoroi (1995)
Slovakia
 
  • Košice Region
    • Gelnica District
Koděra (1986)
    • Košice-okolie District
      • Vyšný Medzev
Koděra (1986)
  • Prešov Region
    • Prešov District
      • Červenica
Duda
Koděra (1986)
David Parfitt collection
  • Trenčín Region
    • Prievidza District
      • Handlová
Myšľan P. et al. (Slovenská republika)
South Africa
 
  • Eastern Cape
    • Sarah Baartman District Municipality
      • Sundays River Valley Local Municipality
Cairncross et al. (1995)
  • Western Cape
    • Central Karoo District Municipality
      • Beaufort West Local Municipality
        • Beaufort West
Cairncross et al. (1995)
Spain
 
  • Andalusia
    • Almería
      • Cuevas del Almanzora
        • Las Herrerías
Frias +2 other references
          • Las Herrerías Mines
Martínez Frías et al. (1992)
      • Pechina
        • Baños de Alhamilla
Rewitzer et al. (part 2)
    • Huelva
      • Nerva
Romero et al. (2006) +1 other reference
  • Aragon
    • Teruel
      • Libros
Calvo (2008)
  • Asturias
    • Gozon
Calvo Rebollar (2014)
    • Illano
Manuel Echevarria Rodriguez
  • Catalonia
    • Barcelona
      • Baix Llobregat
        • Cervelló
Joan Rosell (2022)
    • Tarragona
      • Priorat
        • La Vilella Alta
Joan Abella i Creus (Joanabellacreus@gmail.com)
  • Extremadura
    • Cáceres
      • Tajo-Salor
        • Aliseda
Crespo et al. (2017)
  • Murcia
    • Cartagena
      • Sierra Minera de Cartagena-La Unión
        • Llano del Beal
          • Cabezo de Ponce
FMF Forum
Switzerland
 
  • Ticino
    • Locarno
      • Brissago
Stalder et al. (1998)
  • Uri
    • Reuss Valley
      • Gurtnellen
        • Intschi
Stalder et al. (1998)
    • Silenen
Palache et al. (1951)
  • Valais
    • Conthey
      • Nendaz
        • Aproz
Stalder et al. (1998)
    • Goms
      • Ernen
        • Rhône gorge (Rhone gorge)
Stalder et al. (1998)
    • Sierre
      • Anniviers
        • Ayer
Ansermet (2012)
        • Saint-Luc
Ansermet et al. (2012)
Ansermet et al. (2012)
Tajikistan
 
  • Sughd
    • Mastchoh District
      • Altyn-Topkan ore field (Zarnisor ore field)
Badalov et al. (1975)
UK
 
  • Wales
    • Gwynedd
      • Ganllwyd
    • Isle of Anglesey
      • Amlwch
Ukraine
 
  • Crimea
    • Bakhchysarai
      • Trudolyubovka
Kasatkin (2019)
    • Simferopol area
      • Petropavlovka Village area
A. Tischenko. Minerals of the Crimea - ...
  • Sevastopol
    • Balaklava district
Dobrovolskaya T.I. (2004)
USA
 
  • Arizona
    • Cochise County
Anthony et al. (1995)
Anthony et al. (1995)
      • Perilla Mountains
        • Douglas Mining District (Ash Springs Mining District)
Galbraith (1959)
Anthony et al. (1995)
    • Coconino County
Anatoly Kasatkin analyses
Williams et al. (1995)
Grant et al. (2005)
      • San Franciscan volcanic field (San Francisco Peaks; San Francisco Mts)
Grant et al. (2005) +1 other reference
    • Pinal County
      • San Manuel Mining District
        • San Manuel
          • San Manuel Mine (Apex Lead & Vanadium Mining Corp Mine; Quarelli group)
Anthony et al. (1976) +1 other reference
  • Arkansas
Howard (2007)
  • California
    • Imperial County
      • Niland
Adams et al. (2014)
Roberts et al. (1974)
      • Bishop area
Murdoch (1966)
    • Kern County
      • Rand Mountains
        • Rand District (Randsburg District)
          • Randsburg
Bob Bartsch collection +1 other reference
    • Merced County
      • Stayton Mining District (McLeod Mining District; Panoche Mining District)
        • Antimony Peak
Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 264. +1 other reference
    • Mono County
      • White Mountains
        • White Mountain Peak
Roberts et al. (1974) +1 other reference
      • Ontario Peak
Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 264. +2 other references
      • Rand Mining District (Randsburg Mining District)
        • Red Mountain [town] (Osdick)
Rock Currier
      • Silver Lake Mining District
        • Soda Mountains
          • Zzyzx
Dr. Housley +1 other reference
Roberts et al. (1974)
    • Sonoma County
      • West Mayacmas Mining District
Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 264. +3 other references
  • Colorado
    • Delta County
Eckel et al. (1997)
    • El Paso County
Eckel et al. (1997)
    • Fremont County
      • Canon City Mining District
        • Canon City
Eckel et al. (1997)
    • La Plata County
      • La Plata Mining District (California Mining District)
collected by Eckhard D. Stuart +1 other reference
    • Otero County
Eckel et al. (1997)
  • Connecticut
    • Fairfield County
      • Trumbull
        • Long Hill
Sullivan (1985)
J. Zolan Collec.
    • Litchfield County
      • Harwinton
Harold Moritz collection
      • Watertown
Januzzi et al. (1976)
    • Middlesex County
      • East Hampton (Chatham)
        • Airline Railroad
Schooner (1958)
        • Cobalt
Januzzi et al. (1976)
Januzzi et al. (1976)
      • Portland
        • Collins Hill
          • Strickland pegmatite
Rocks & Minerals (1955)
Ralph Lieser of Pappy’s Beryl Shop +3 other references
Anderson (1994)
  • Massachusetts
    • Franklin County
      • Charlemont
Gleba
    • Middlesex County
      • Ashland
Gleba
    • Norfolk County
Gleba
    • Worcester County
      • Holden
Gleba
  • Michigan
    • Iron County
      • Alpha
Heinrich et al. (2004)
  • Missouri
    • Barton County
Dana 6: 1083.
  • Montana
    • Silver Bow County
The Mineralogy of The Butte District +3 other references
  • Nevada
    • Carson City
Castor et al. (2004)
    • Churchill County
NBMG Bull 83 Geology and Mineral ...
    • Esmeralda County
      • Alum Mining District
Castor et al. (2004)
    • Humboldt County
      • Osgood Mountains
        • Potosi Mining District
          • Adam Peak
            • Getchell Mine
Bowell et al. (2005)
    • Pershing County
      • Tobin and Sonoma Range Mining District
R. C. Peterson et al.: Am. Min.: 90 (2005)
    • Storey County
R&M 74:6 p380-390
    • Washoe County
      • Steamboat Springs Mining District
Castor et al. (2004)
      • Wedekind Mining District
Castor et al. (2004)
  • New Mexico
    • Quay County
Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference
    • Rio Arriba County
Northrop et al. (1996)
    • San Miguel County
Northrop et al. (1996)
    • Santa Fe County
Northrop et al. (1996)
        • Golden
          • Ortiz Project
Northrop et al. (1996)
    • Taos County
      • Picuris District
Northrop et al. (1996)
  • New York
    • Essex County
      • Crown Point Township
Jensen (1978)
  • North Carolina
    • Swain County
      • Great Smoky Mountains
Environmental Geology: 45: 47. +1 other reference
  • Ohio
    • Adams County
      • Franklin Township
        • Beaver Pond
Carlson (2002)
    • Cuyahoga County
      • Brook Park
Carlson (2015)
      • Brooklyn Heights
    • Erie County
      • Florence township
Carlson (2015)
    • Franklin County
      • Columbus
King (n.d.)
Ernest H. Carlson. Jerret Whitford. ...
    • Huron County
      • Huron River
Richards et al. (2017)
      • Monroeville
        • West Branch Huron River
Carlson (2015)
    • Lorain County
      • Mill Hollow-Bacon Woods Park
Carlson (2015)
    • Meigs County
      • Langsville
Carlson (2015)
    • Ross County
      • Paxton Township
Carlson (2015)
    • Stark County
      • Minerva
Carlson (2015)
  • Pennsylvania
    • Centre County
      • State College
        • Skytop
Gold (2006, October)
Luetcke (n.d.)
  • South Dakota
    • Pennington County
      • Keystone Gold Mining District
Roberts et al. (1965)
Roberts et al. (1965)
Roberts et al. (1965)
  • Tennessee
Wayne Osborne Collection
    • Sevier County
Coskren et al. (2000) +1 other reference
  • Utah
    • Salt Lake County
Bullock (1981)
    • San Juan County
      • Fry Canyon Mining District
Bullock (1981)
      • Red Canyon Mining District
Plášil et al. (2013)
SEM/EDS confirmed.
      • White Canyon Mining District
        • Fry Mesa
Collected and analyzed by Joy Desor.
        • Uracop - Sunrise (Scenic Group; B and I)
USGS: Geological Survey Circular 217
  • Vermont
    • Orange County
      • Strafford
        • South Strafford
Hammarstrom et al. (2000)
  • Virginia
    • Buckingham County
      • Gold-Pyrite Belt
Dietrich (1990)
    • Carroll County
      • Southern Section-Blue Ridge Province
Dietrich (1990)
          • Fries
Dietrich (1990)
    • Floyd County
Dietrich (1990)
Dietrich (1990)
    • Fredericksburg
Dietrich (1990)
    • Grayson County
Dietrich (1990)
    • Louisa County
      • Gold-Pyrite Belt
        • Mineral
Dietrich (1990)
Dietrich (1990)
  • Washington
    • Chelan County
      • Railroad Creek Mining District
Kilburn et al. (1996)
Uzbekistan
 
  • Fergana Region
    • Uzbekistan District
Uklonskiy et al. (1964) +1 other reference
 
Mineral and/or Locality  
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