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Ardennite-(As)

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05500560014977412338548.jpg
Ardennite-(As)

Salmchâteau, Vielsalm, Luxembourg, Wallonia, Belgium
07822680014977663106542.jpg
Ardennite-(As)

Varenche Mine, Saint-Barthélemy, Nus, Aosta Valley, Italy
00159680014977281533067.jpg
Ardennite-(As)

Salmchâteau, Vielsalm, Luxembourg, Wallonia, Belgium
09147730014963462096220.jpg
Ardennite-(As)

Salmchâteau, Vielsalm, Luxembourg, Wallonia, Belgium
07597380014948362604155.jpg
Ardennite-(As)

Varenche Mine, Saint-Barthélemy, Nus, Aosta Valley, Italy
04854360014950491736426.jpg
Ardennite-(As)

Salmchâteau, Vielsalm, Luxembourg, Wallonia, Belgium
05500560014977412338548.jpg
Ardennite-(As)

Salmchâteau, Vielsalm, Luxembourg, Wallonia, Belgium
07822680014977663106542.jpg
Ardennite-(As)

Varenche Mine, Saint-Barthélemy, Nus, Aosta Valley, Italy
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About Ardennite-(As)Hide

01775290014946666281195.jpg
Ardennes autumn

Bastogne, Luxembourg, Wallonia, Belgium
Formula:
Mn2+4Al4(AlMg)(AsO4)(SiO4)2(Si3O10)(OH)6
Colour:
Yellow to Brown
Lustre:
Sub-Adamantine
Hardness:
6 - 7
Specific Gravity:
3.69 - 3.75
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Member of:
Ardennite Group
Name:
For the type locality in the Ardennes Mountains, Belgium.
The AsO4-analogue of (the less common) ardennite-(V).
Prior to an IMA redefinition in 2007, the name ardennite was used for ardennite-(As).

Structurally closely related to lavoisierite.


Classification of Ardennite-(As)Hide

IMA status:
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
Strunz 8th ed.:
8/C.34-10
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) ed.:
9.BJ.40

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
B : Sorosilicates
J : Sorosilicates with Si3O10, Si4O11, etc. anions; cations in octahedral [6] and greater coordination
Dana 8th ed.:
58.3.1.1

58 : SOROSILICATES Insular, Mixed, Single, and Larger Tetrahedral Groups
3 : Insular, Mixed, Single, and Larger Tetrahedral Groups with insular single and triple groups (n=1, 3)
Hey's CIM Ref.:
17.7.4

17 : Silicates Containing other Anions
7 : Silicates with vanadate, arsenate or antimonate

Physical Properties of Ardennite-(As)Hide

Lustre:
Sub-Adamantine
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Yellow to Brown
Hardness:
6 - 7 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
Perfect on {010}, distinct on {110}
Parting:
On {001}
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven, Sub-Conchoidal
Density:
3.69 - 3.75 g/cm3 (Measured)    3.74 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of Ardennite-(As)Hide

Type:
Biaxial (+)
Dispersion:
strong
Pleochroism:
Strong
Comments:
X= dark brownish yellow
Y= golden yellow
X= pale yellow

Chemical Properties of Ardennite-(As)Hide

Formula:
Mn2+4Al4(AlMg)(AsO4)(SiO4)2(Si3O10)(OH)6
Elements listed:
Al, As, H, Mg, Mn, O, Si - search for minerals with similar chemistry
Common Impurities:
Ti,Cu

Crystallography of Ardennite-(As)Hide

Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Cell Parameters:
a = 8.7126(8) Å, b = 18.5124(11) Å, c = 5.8108(8) Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.471 : 1 : 0.314
Unit Cell V:
937.23 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Prismatic, radiating fibrous groups.

Crystallographic forms of Ardennite-(As)Hide

Crystal Atlas:
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Ardennite no.1 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
3d models and HTML5 code kindly provided by www.smorf.nl.

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Geological EnvironmentHide

Geological Setting:
Highly oxidized, Mn, Al metasediments.

Type Occurrence of Ardennite-(As)Hide

Type Locality:
ⓘ Ardennite-quartz-veins, Salmchâteau, Vielsalm, Luxembourg, Wallonia, Belgium
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Mineralogical Museum University of Wroclaw
Musée de Minéralogie, Ecole des Mines de Paris (originally as 'dewalquite')
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Pegmatites and quartz veins in schist

Synonyms of Ardennite-(As)Hide

Other Language Names for Ardennite-(As)Hide

Relationship of Ardennite-(As) to other SpeciesHide

Member of:
Ardennite Group
Other Members of this group:
AlpeiteCa4Mn3+2Al2(Mn3+Mg)(SiO4)2(Si3O10)(V5+O4)(OH)6Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmmn
Ardennite-(Si)~Mn2+4Al4(AlMg)(SiO4,AsO4)(SiO4)2(Si3O10)(OH)6
Ardennite-(V)Mn2+4Al4(AlMg)(VO4)(SiO4)2(Si3O10)(OH)6Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmmn
KannaniteCa4Al4(AlMg)(VO4)(SiO4)2(Si3O10)(OH)6Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmmn

Common AssociatesHide

AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
BrauniteMn2+Mn3+6(SiO4)O8
HematiteFe2O3
Piemontite{Ca2}{Al2Mn3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)
PyrolusiteMn4+O2
QuartzSiO2
SpessartineMn2+3Al2(SiO4)3
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
2 photos of Ardennite-(As) associated with QuartzSiO2
1 photo of Ardennite-(As) associated with Piemontite{Ca2}{Al2Mn3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)
1 photo of Ardennite-(As) associated with Manganiandrosite-(La){Mn2+La}{Mn3+AlMn2+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz GroupingHide

9.BJ.ArsenmedaiteMn2+6 As5+Si5O18(OH)Mon.
9.BJ.05OrientiteCa8Mn3+10(SiO4)3(Si3O10)3(OH)10 · 4H2O Orth.
9.BJ.10RosenhahniteHCa3[Si3O9(OH)]Tric.
9.BJ.15TrabzoniteCa4(Si3O9)(OH)2Orth. mm2 : Ama2
9.BJ.20Thalénite-(Y)Y3Si3O10FMon.
9.BJ.25TiragalloiteMn2+4As5+Si3O12(OH)Mon. 2/m
9.BJ.30MedaiteMn2+6V5+Si5O18(OH)Mon.
9.BJ.35RuiziteCa2Mn3+2[Si4O11(OH)2](OH)2·2H2OMon. 2
9.BJ.40Ardennite-(V)Mn2+4Al4(AlMg)(VO4)(SiO4)2(Si3O10)(OH)6Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmmn
9.BJ.45KilchoaniteCa6(SiO4)(Si3O10)Orth.
9.BJ.50KornerupineMg3Al6(Si,Al,B)5O21(OH)Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
9.BJ.50Prismatine(◻,Fe,Mg)(Mg,Al,Fe)5Al4Si2(Si,Al)2(B,Si,Al)(O,OH,F)22Orth.
9.BJ.55ZunyiteAl13Si5O20(OH,F)18ClIso. 4 3m : F4 3m
9.BJ.60HubeiteCa2Mn2+Fe3+[HSi4O13] · 2H2OTric.
9.BJ.65Cassagnaite(Ca,Mn2+)4(Fe3+,Mn3+,Al)4(V3+,Mg,Al)2(Si3O10)(SiO4)2(OH,O)8Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmcm

Related Minerals - Dana Grouping (8th Ed.)Hide

58.3.1.2OrientiteCa8Mn3+10(SiO4)3(Si3O10)3(OH)10 · 4H2O Orth.

Related Minerals - Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals GroupingHide

17.7.1SuzukiiteBaVSi2O7Orth.
17.7.2FranciscaniteMn2+6(V5+,☐)2(SiO4)2(O,OH)6Hex.
17.7.3Kurumsakite(Zn,Ni,Cu)8Al8V5+2Si5O35 · 27H2O (?)Orth.
17.7.5MedaiteMn2+6V5+Si5O18(OH)Mon.
17.7.6JohninnesiteNa2Mn2+9Mg7(OH)8[AsO4]2[Si6O17]2Tric.
17.7.7TiragalloiteMn2+4As5+Si3O12(OH)Mon. 2/m
17.7.8DixeniteCuMn2+14Fe2+(SiO4)2(As5+O4)(As3+O3)5(OH)6Trig.
17.7.9AsbecasiteCa3(Ti,Sn4+)Be2(AsO3)6(SiO4)2Trig. 3m : P3c1
17.7.10McgoverniteMn19Zn3(AsO4)3(AsO3)(SiO4)3(OH)21Trig. 3m (3 2/m)
17.7.11KraissliteZn3(Mn,Mg)25(Fe3+,Al)(As3+O3)2[(Si,As5+)O4]10(OH)16Orth. 2 2 2 : C2 2 21
17.7.12SchalleriteMn2+16As3Si12O36(OH)17Trig. 3m : P3m1
17.7.13Nelenite(Mn,Fe)16(Si12O30)(OH)14[As3+3O6(OH)3]Mon.
17.7.14KoliciteMn2+7Zn4(AsO4)2(SiO4)2(OH)8Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmca
17.7.15YeatmaniteZn6Mn2+9Sb5+2(SiO4)4O12Tric.
17.7.16WelshiteCa4Mg9Sb3O4[Si6Be3AlFe2O36]Tric. 1 : P1
17.7.17Katoptrite(Mn2+,Mg)13(Al,Fe3+)4Sb5+2(SiO4)2O20Mon. 2/m : B2/m
17.7.18ParweliteMn10Sb2As2Si2O24Mon. m : Bb
17.7.19LångbaniteMn2+4Mn3+9Sb5+O16(SiO4)2Trig. 3m : P3m1
17.7.20ChapmaniteFe3+2Sb3+(Si2O5)O3(OH)Mon. m : Bm
17.7.21Cervandonite-(Ce)(Ce,Nd,La)(Fe3+,Fe2+,Ti,Al)3O2(Si2O7)(As3+O3)(OH)Trig. 3m : R3m

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Ardennite-(As)Hide

Reference List:
Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)
von Lasaulx, A. (1872) Ardennit, ein neues Mineral. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie, 930-934.
von Lasaulx, A. (1872) Über ein neues Mineral aus der Gegend von Ottrez. Sitzungsberichte der niederrheinischen Gesellschaft für Natur- und Heilkunde in Bonn. Verhandlungen des Naturhistorischen Vereines der Preussischen Rheinlande und Westphalens, 29, 189-192.
Cesàro, G., Abraham, A. (1909) La dewalquite. Annales de la Société géologique de Belgique, 36, M197.
Brasseur, H. (1930) Données nouvelles sur la structure de dewalquite et considérations sur sa composition chimique. Comptes Rendus du Congrès national des Sciences, Bruxelles, 144.
Buttgenbach, H. (1931) Sur un cristal de dewalquite. Annales de la Société géologique de Belgique, 55, B176.
Nayak, V.K. (1967) Ardennite from Kajlidongri, India. New locality. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Abhandlungen, 295-304.
Donnay, G., Allmann, R. (1968) Si3O10 groups in the crystal structure of ardennite. Acta Crystallographica, B24, 845-855.
Pasero M., Reinecke T., Fransolet A.M. (1994) Crystal structure refinements and compositional control of Mn-Mg-Ca ardennites from the Belgian Ardennes, Greece, and the Western Alps. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte und Abhandlungen, 166, 137-167.
Pasero, M., Reinecke, T. (1991) Crystal chemistry, HRTEM analysis, and polytypic behavior of ardennite. European Journal of Mineralogy, 3, 819-830.
Barresi, A., Orlandi, P., Pasero, M. (2007) History of ardennite and the new mineral ardennite-(V). European Journal of Mineralogy, 19, 581-587.

Internet Links for Ardennite-(As)Hide

Localities for Ardennite-(As)Hide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (eg from pseudomorphs.)

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Austria
 
  • Salzburg
    • Tamsweg District
      • Taurach valley
 Kolitsch, U., Schachinger, T. and Bernhard, F. (2015): Ardennite-(As), ardennite-(V), gasparite-(Ce) and chernovite-(Y): first results of a mineralogical study of the metaradiolarite-hosted manganese ore mineralisations in the Fuchssee area, Radstadt Tauern, Salzburg, Austria. MinPet 2015, Leoben, Austria, September 10-13; abstract in Mitt. Österr. Mineral. Ges. 161, 67.
  • Tyrol
    • Innsbruck-Land District
      • Navis
Kolitsch, U., Schachinger, T. and Bernhard, F. (2015): Ardennite-(As), ardennite-(V), gasparite-(Ce) and chernovite-(Y): first results of a mineralogical study of the metaradiolarite-hosted manganese ore mineralisations in the Fuchssee area, Radstadt Tauern, Salzburg, Austria. MinPet 2015, Leoben, Austria, September 10-13; abstract in Mitt. Österr. Mineral. Ges. 161, 67.; Kolitsch, U., Schachinger, T., Auer, C. (2019): 2113) Akatoreit(?), Albit, Ardennit-(As), Ardennit-(V), „Ardennit-(Si)“, Baryt, Brandtit(?) (oder unbenanntes Ca2Mn(AsO4)2?), Coelestin, Fluorapatit, Fluorcalcioroméit, Frankdicksonit(?), Friedelit, Ganophyllit(?), Hämatit, Hausmannit, Hollandit, Jacobsit, Klinochlor, Kutnohorit, Manganberzeliit, Manganiandrosit-(La)-Manganiakasakait-(La)-Mischkristalle, Muskovit, Opal(?), Pennantit, Piemontit(?), Pyrobelonit, Pyrophanit, Quarz, Rhodochrosit, Rhodonit, Sarkinit, Schallerit, Spessartin, Svabit, Tephroit, Tilasit und Tiragalloit vom Navisbach, Navistal, Nordtirol. Pp. 251-260 in Walter, F. et al. (2019): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich LXVIII. Carinthia II, 209./129., 237-362.
Belgium
 
  • Wallonia
    • Liège
      • Lierneux
        • Petit-Sart
Alan Backaert collection (found 2013-2016)
      • Stoumont
Hatert, F., Deliens, M., Fransolet, A.-M., Van Der Meersche, E. (2002) Les minéraux de Belgique. 2ème édition, Muséum des Sciences Naturelles, Bruxelles, Belgium, 304 pages (in French).
    • Luxembourg
      • Vielsalm
Anthony, J.W., Bideaux, R.A., Bladh, K.W., Nichols, M.C. (xxxx) Handbook of Mineralogy.; Hatert, F., Deliens, M., Fransolet, A.-M., Van Der Meersche, E. (2002) Les minéraux de Belgique. 2ème édition, Muséum des Sciences Naturelles, Bruxelles, Belgium, 304 pages (in French).
Ann.Mines, 4th ser. (1842) 2, 357
        • Salmchâteau
von Lasaulx, A. (1872) Ardennit, ein neues Mineral. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie, 930-934.
Blondieau, M., Puccio, S., Compere, P., Hatert, F. (2017) Données nouvelles sur quelques espèces minérales de Vielsalm et de Salmchâteau. Bulletin de la Société Royale des Sciences de Liège, 86, 1-48.
France
 
  • Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
    • Savoie
      • Maurienne valley
Handbook of Mineralogy - Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols
Greece
 
  • Central Greece
    • Euboea
Handbook of Mineralogy - Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols
  • South Aegean
Handbook of Mineralogy - Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols
India
 
  • Madhya Pradesh
    • Jhabua District
Nayak, V. K. (1967): Ardennite from Kajlidongri, India. New locality. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Abhandlungen 1967, 295-304.
Italy
 
  • Aosta Valley
    • Nus
      • Saint-Barthélemy
Pelloux, A. (1946): Mineralogy of Aosta Valley. Rend. soc. mineral. ital. 3, 188-206. ; Barresi, A.A., Kolitsch, U., Ciriotti, M.E., Ambrino, P., Bracco, R., Bonacina, E. (2005): La miniera di manganese di Varenche (Aosta, Italia nord-occidentale): ardennite, arseniopleite, manganberzeliite, pirofanite, sarkinite, thortveitite, nuovo As-Sc-analogo della metavariscite e altre specie. Micro (località), 2/2005, 81-122.
    • Saint-Marcel
Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007): Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba, 607 pp.
  • Liguria
    • Genoa
      • Genoa
        • Varenna Valley
Balestra C. (2014): Sistematica ligure 2014. Prie, 10, 35-37; Munì F. (2014): Caratterizzazione mineralogica e minerochimica delle quarziti manganesifere della Val Varenna (Liguria). Università degli Studi di Genova. Scuola di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Naturali. Tesi di laurea triennale in Scienze Geologiche, 70 pp.
      • Ne
        • Reppia
          • Monte Copello
analysed by Dr. Anthony Kampf, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, USA
    • La Spezia Province
      • Maissana
analysed by Dr. Anthony Kampf, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, USA
  • Lombardy
    • Sondrio Province
      • Torre di Santa Maria
- Bedognè, F., Montrasio, A., Sciesa, E. (1993): I minerali della provincia di Sondrio: Valmalenco. Bettini, Sondrio, 275 pp. - Barresi, A.A., Orlandi, P., Pasero, M. (2007): History of ardennite and the new mineral ardennite-(V). Eur. J. Mineral., 19, 581-587.
  • Piedmont
    • Metropolitan City of Turin
      • Ceres
Zambonini, F. (1922): Ardennite di Ceres in val d'Ala (Piemonte). Atti della Reale Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, serie 5, Rendiconti, Classe di scienze fisiche, matematiche e naturali, 31, 1, 147-151; Maccario, G., Meda, F.(1970): Il giacimento manganesifero di Vernetto,Ceres. Notiziario del Gruppo Mineralogico Piemontese, 2(2),9-10; Nagashima, M., Armbruster, T. (2010): Ardennite, tiragalloite and medaite: structural control of (As5+,V5+,Si4+)O4 tetrahedra in silicates. Mineralogical Magazine 74, 55-71
      • Corio
Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
    • Vercelli Province
      • Alagna Valsesia
        • Otro Valley
Bonino A. (1965): Cenni petrografici su due giacimenti manganesiferi delle Alpi piemontesi. Atti e Rassegna Tecnica della Società degli ingegneri e degli architetti in Torino, 19, 12, 613-616; Peters Tj., Trommsdorff V., Sommerauer J. (1978): Manganese pyroxenoids and carbonates: critical phase relations in metamorphic assemblages from the Alps. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 66, 383-388; Piccoli G.C., Maletto G., Bosio P., Lombardo B. (2007): Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" di Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo), 607 pp.
Japan
 
  • Gunma Prefecture
    • Tano District
      • Oniishi-machi (Onishi-machi)
The Mineral Species of Japan (5th ed) Matsubara
  • Kochi Prefecture
Masaki Enami (1986) Mineralogical Journal, 13, 151-160.
    • Nagaoka District
The Mineral Species of Japan (5th ed) Matsubara
  • Nagasaki Prefecture
    • Nagasaki City
      • Kinkai-Tone-machi
Sasaki, N., Yano, M. & Matsuyama, F. (2002): Ardennite from the Tone mine, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan. Chigaku Kenkyu 51, 67-72. (in Japanese)
Minakawa, T., & Momoi, H. (1987). Occurrences of ardennite and sursassite from the metamorphic manganese deposits in the Sanbagawa belt, Shikoku. Japan. Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Japan, 18, 87-98.
  • Tokushima Prefecture
Joe Cilen collection No. 21,034
New Zealand
 
  • Otago Region
    • Queenstown-Lakes District
      • Arrow Junction
C. Lemanski, Jr. collection (6782CL).
North Macedonia
 
  • Veles Municipality
Schweiz. mineral. petrogr. Mitt. (1994) 74, 321-328; Canadian Mineralogist(1996) 34, 1287-1297
Russia
 
  • Komi Republic
    • Kozhim River Basin
      • Maldynyrd range (Maldy-nyrd range)
        • Grubependity Lake
Pavel M. Kartashov data
Switzerland
 
  • Grisons
    • Albula Region
      • Albula Valley
        • Oberhalbstein Alps
          • Tinizong (Tinzen)
Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Verlag Wepf & Co. (Basel), p. 49
Geiger T. & Cabalzar W. Ardennit - Ein Neufund von der Alp Parsettens, Val d'Err GR. Schweizer Strahler Nr.5, S. 201 - 211, (1989)
    • Engadin
      • Piz Corvatsch
Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Verlag Wepf & Co. (Basel), p. 49
    • Maloja Region
      • Bregaglia
        • Val Bregaglia
          • Maroz Valley
Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Verlag Wepf & Co. (Basel), p. 49; Brugger J. (1996): The Fe, Mn, (V, Sb, As, Be, W) deposits of Val Ferrera (Graubünden, Switzerland). Unpublished PhD Thesis, Univ. Basel. 188 p.
Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Verlag Wepf & Co. (Basel), p. 49
UK
 
  • England
    • Somerset
      • Mendip
        • Cranmore
Embrey, P.G. (1978) Fourth supplementary list of British minerals. Mineralogical Magazine, vol. 42, n° 322, 169-177; Turner, R. (2006): A mechanism for the formation of the mineralized Mn deposits at Merehead Quarry, Cranmore, Somerset, England. Mineralogical Magazine 70, 629-653; Turner R.W. and Rumsey, M.S. (2007) Merehead Mineralogy - an Update. Russell Soc Newsletter, No 50, pp 17-18 (March 2007); Turner, R.W. and Rumsey, M.S. (2010): Mineral Relationships in the Mendip Hills. Journal of the Russell Society, vol 13, pp 3-46.
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