IMPORTANT MESSAGE. We need your support now to keep mindat.org running. Click here to find out why.
Log InRegister
Home PageAbout MindatThe Mindat ManualHistory of MindatCopyright StatusWho We AreContact UsAdvertise on Mindat
Donate to MindatCorporate SponsorshipSponsor a PageSponsored PagesMindat AdvertisersAdvertise on Mindat
Learning CenterWhat is a mineral?The most common minerals on earthInformation for Educators
Minerals by PropertiesMinerals by ChemistryAdvanced Locality SearchRandom MineralRandom LocalitySearch by minIDLocalities Near MeSearch ArticlesSearch GlossaryMore Search Options
Search For:
Mineral Name:
Locality Name:
Keyword(s):
 
The Mindat ManualAdd a New PhotoRate PhotosLocality Edit ReportCoordinate Completion ReportAdd Glossary Item
StatisticsThe ElementsUsersBooks & MagazinesMineral MuseumsMineral Shows & EventsThe Mindat DirectoryDevice Settings
Photo SearchPhoto GalleriesNew Photos TodayNew Photos YesterdayMembers' Photo GalleriesPast Photo of the Day Gallery

Pseudolaueite

This page is currently not sponsored. Click here to sponsor this page.
Pseudolaueite

Hagendorf South Pegmatite, Hagendorf, Waidhaus, Upper Palatinate, Bavaria, Germany
Pseudolaueite

Hagendorf South Pegmatite, Hagendorf, Waidhaus, Upper Palatinate, Bavaria, Germany
Pseudolaueite, etc.

Palermo No. 1 Mine, Groton, Grafton Co., New Hampshire, USA
Pseudolaueite

Foote Lithium Co. Mine, Kings Mountain District, Cleveland Co., North Carolina, USA
Pseudolaueite

Hagendorf South Pegmatite, Hagendorf, Waidhaus, Upper Palatinate, Bavaria, Germany
Pseudolaueite

Hagendorf South Pegmatite, Hagendorf, Waidhaus, Upper Palatinate, Bavaria, Germany
Pseudolaueite, etc.

Palermo No. 1 Mine, Groton, Grafton Co., New Hampshire, USA
Pseudolaueite

Foote Lithium Co. Mine, Kings Mountain District, Cleveland Co., North Carolina, USA
Pseudolaueite

Hagendorf South Pegmatite, Hagendorf, Waidhaus, Upper Palatinate, Bavaria, Germany
Pseudolaueite

Hagendorf South Pegmatite, Hagendorf, Waidhaus, Upper Palatinate, Bavaria, Germany
Hide all sections | Show all sections

About PseudolaueiteHide

Formula:
Mn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O
Colour:
Orange-yellow to amber-yellow
Lustre:
Sub-Vitreous, Resinous
Hardness:
3
Specific Gravity:
2.463
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named in 1956 by Hugo Strunz for the chemical similarity to laueite. (Stewartite and strunzite have different amounts of structural water and are not strictly polymorphs of laueite.)
Polymorph of:
Stewartite, Strunzite
Related to the Laueite Group, but not a true polymorph as there are six water molecules in laueite.


Classification of PseudolaueiteHide

IMA status:
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
Strunz 8th ed.:
7/D.09-40
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) ed.:
8.DC.30

8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
D : Phosphates, etc. with additional anions, with H2O
C : With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 = 1:1 and < 2:1
Dana 8th ed.:
42.11.10.3

42 : HYDRATED PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
11 : (AB)3(XO4)2Zq·xH2O
Hey's CIM Ref.:
19.12.25

19 : Phosphates
12 : Phosphates of Mn

Physical Properties of PseudolaueiteHide

Lustre:
Sub-Vitreous, Resinous
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Orange-yellow to amber-yellow
Streak:
White
Hardness:
3 on Mohs scale
Comment:
White to pale yellow
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
None Observed
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
2.463 g/cm3 (Measured)    2.51 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of PseudolaueiteHide

Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.626 nβ = 1.650 nγ = 1.686
2V:
Measured: 80° , Calculated: 80°
Birefringence:
0.060
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.060
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
weak
Optical Extinction:
Z=b, X^c = 2°, Y^a = 12°
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
X = Y pale yellow, Z = yellow

Chemical Properties of PseudolaueiteHide

Formula:
Mn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O
Elements listed:
Fe, H, Mn, O, P - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of PseudolaueiteHide

Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/b
Setting:
P21/a
Cell Parameters:
a = 9.59 Å, b = 7.42 Å, c = 10.16 Å
β = 104.43°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.292 : 1 : 1.369
Unit Cell V:
700.16 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Pseudohexagonal tablets, also nearly tabulat to slightly columnar

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
9.926 (100)
5.869 (70)
4.678 (30)
3.908 (30)
3.472 (40)
3.186 (30)
3.069 (30)

Type Occurrence of PseudolaueiteHide

Type Locality:
ⓘ Hagendorf South Pegmatite (Cornelia Shaft; Hagendorf South Open Cut), Hagendorf, Waidhaus, Upper Palatinate, Bavaria, Germany
General Appearance of Type Material:
Amber-yellow pseudohexagonal plates.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Late stage crystallization of phosphates in a granite pegmatite
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
StrunziteStewartiteMitridatiteLaueiteJahnsite

Other Language Names for PseudolaueiteHide

Relationship of Pseudolaueite to other SpeciesHide

Structurally related to group(s):
Laueite GroupM12+M23+M33+(PO4)2(OH)2·8H2O

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
Stewartite6 photos of Pseudolaueite associated with Stewartite on mindat.org.
Strunzite3 photos of Pseudolaueite associated with Strunzite on mindat.org.
Rockbridgeite3 photos of Pseudolaueite associated with Rockbridgeite on mindat.org.
Laueite3 photos of Pseudolaueite associated with Laueite on mindat.org.
Whitmoreite2 photos of Pseudolaueite associated with Whitmoreite on mindat.org.
Cacoxenite1 photo of Pseudolaueite associated with Cacoxenite on mindat.org.
Molybdenite1 photo of Pseudolaueite associated with Molybdenite on mindat.org.
Quartz1 photo of Pseudolaueite associated with Quartz on mindat.org.
Mitridatite1 photo of Pseudolaueite associated with Mitridatite on mindat.org.
Phosphosiderite1 photo of Pseudolaueite associated with Phosphosiderite on mindat.org.

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz GroupingHide

8.DC.05NissoniteCu2Mg2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 5H2OMon.
8.DC.07EuchroiteCu2(AsO4)(OH) · 3H2OOrth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21
8.DC.10LegranditeZn2(AsO4)(OH) · H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DC.12StrashimiriteCu8(AsO4)4(OH)4 · 5H2OMon.
8.DC.15ArthuriteCuFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2OMon.
8.DC.15EarlshannoniteMn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2OMon.
8.DC.15OjuelaiteZnFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2OMon.
8.DC.15WhitmoreiteFe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DC.15Cobaltarthurite(Co,Mg)Fe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DC.15BendadaiteFe2+Fe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DC.15KunatiteCuFe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DC.15UKI-2006-(PO:FeHZn)ZnFe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2OMon.
8.DC.15UKI-2006-(PO:AlCuFeH)Fe2+Al3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O
8.DC.17KleemaniteZnAl2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 3H2OMon.
8.DC.20BermaniteMn2+Mn3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
8.DC.20CoralloiteMn2+Mn3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.22KovdorskiteMg2(PO4)(OH) · 3H2OMon.
8.DC.25FerristrunziteFe3+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)3 · 5H2OTric.
8.DC.25FerrostrunziteFe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6H2OTric.
8.DC.25MetavauxiteFe2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DC.25MetavivianiteFe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.25StrunziteMn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.27BerauniteFe2+Fe3+5(PO4)4(OH)5 · 6H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
8.DC.30GordoniteMgAl2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.30LaueiteMn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.30MangangordoniteMn2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2OTric.
8.DC.30ParavauxiteFe2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.30SigloiteFe3+Al2(PO4)2(OH)3 · 7H2OTric.
8.DC.30StewartiteMn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.30UshkoviteMgFe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2OTric.
8.DC.30FerrolaueiteFe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.30Kastningite(Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg)Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.30MaghrebiteMgAl2(AsO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.30NordgauiteMnAl2(PO4)2(F,OH)2 · 5H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.32TinticiteFe3+5.34(PO4)3.62(VO4)0.38(OH)4 · 6.7H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.35VauxiteFe2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.37VantasseliteAl4(PO4)3(OH)3 · 9H2OOrth.
8.DC.40CacoxeniteFe3+24AlO6(PO4)17(OH)12 · 75H2OHex. 6/m : P63/m
8.DC.45Gormanite(Fe2+,Mg)3(Al,Fe3+)4(PO4)4(OH)6 · 2H2OTric.
8.DC.45Souzalite(Mg,Fe2+)3(Al,Fe3+)4(PO4)4(OH)6 · 2H2OTric.
8.DC.47KingiteAl3(PO4)2F2(OH) · 7H2OTric.
8.DC.50WavelliteAl3(PO4)2(OH,F)3 · 5H2OOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
8.DC.50AllanpringiteFe3+3(PO4)2(OH)3 · 5H2OMon. 2/m : P21/m
8.DC.52KribergiteAl5(PO4)3(SO4)(OH)4 · 4H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.55MapimiteZn2Fe3+3(AsO4)3(OH)4 · 10H2OMon.
8.DC.57OgdensburgiteCa2Fe3+4(Zn,Mn2+)(AsO4)4(OH)6 · 6H2OOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmmm
8.DC.60Nevadaite(Cu2+,Al,V3+)6Al8(PO4)8F8(OH)2 · 22H2OOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
8.DC.60CloncurryiteCu0.5(VO)0.5Al2(PO4)2F2 · 5H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b

Related Minerals - Dana Grouping (8th Ed.)Hide

42.11.10.1LaueiteMn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
42.11.10.2StewartiteMn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
42.11.10.4UshkoviteMgFe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2OTric.
42.11.10.7FerrolaueiteFe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1

Related Minerals - Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals GroupingHide

19.12.1MetaswitzeriteMn2+3(PO4)2 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
19.12.2BermaniteMn2+Mn3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
19.12.3NatrophiliteNaMn2+PO4Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmna
19.12.4SidorenkiteNa3Mn2+(CO3)(PO4)Mon.
19.12.5Niahite(NH4)(Mn2+,Mg)(PO4) · H2OOrth. mm2 : Pmn21
19.12.6RobertsiteCa2Mn3+3(PO4)3O2 · 3H2OMon. m : Bb
19.12.7PararobertsiteCa2Mn3+3(PO4)3O2 · 3H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
19.12.8SinkankasiteMn2+Al(PO3OH)2(OH) · 6H2OTric.
19.12.9MangangordoniteMn2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2OTric.
19.12.10Heterosite(Fe3+,Mn3+)PO4Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmna
19.12.11Purpurite(Mn3+,Fe3+)PO4Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmna
19.12.12Wolfeite(Fe2+,Mn2+)2(PO4)(OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/b
19.12.13Triploidite(Mn2+,Fe2+)2(PO4)(OH)Mon. 2/m : P2/b
19.12.14LipscombiteFe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2Tet.
19.12.15FrondeliteMn2+Fe3+4(PO4)3(OH)5Orth. 2 2 2 : C2 2 21
19.12.16RockbridgeiteFe2+Fe3+4(PO4)3(OH)5Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
19.12.17Kryzhanovskite(Fe3+,Mn2+)3(PO4)2(OH,H2O)3Orth.
19.12.18LandesiteMn2+3-xFe3+x(PO4)2(OH)x · (3-x)H2OOrth.
19.12.19Phosphoferrite(Fe2+,Mn2+)3(PO4)2 · 3H2OOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmna
19.12.20Reddingite(Mn2+,Fe2+)3(PO4)2 · 3H2OOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmna
19.12.21EarlshannoniteMn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2OMon.
19.12.22Hureaulite(Mn,Fe)5(PO4)2(HPO4)2 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
19.12.23Switzerite(Mn,Fe)3(PO4)2 · 7H2OMon.
19.12.24LaueiteMn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
19.12.26StrunziteMn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6H2OTric. 1 : P1
19.12.27StewartiteMn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
19.12.28Alluaudite(Na,Ca)Mn2+(Fe3+,Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg)2(PO4)3Mon.
19.12.29Ferroalluaudite(Na,Ca)Fe2+(Fe3+,Mn2+,Fe2+)2(PO4)3
19.12.30Fillowite{Mn2+}{Na8}{Ca4Na4}{(Mn2+,Fe2+)43}(PO4)36Trig. 3 : R3
19.12.31JohnsomervilleiteNa10Ca6Mg18Fe25(PO4)36Trig.
19.12.32WicksiteNaCa2(Fe2+,Mn2+)4MgFe3+(PO4)6 · 2H2OOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
19.12.33Dickinsonite-(KMnNa){KNa}{Mn2+◻}{Ca}{Na3}{Mn2+13}{Al}(PO4)12(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/b
19.12.34Sarcopside(Fe2+,Mn2+,Mg)3(PO4)2Mon. 2/m : P21/b
19.12.35LudlamiteFe2+3(PO4)2 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
19.12.36GraftoniteFe2+Fe2+2(PO4)2Mon. 2/m : P21/b
19.12.37WilhelmvierlingiteCaMnFe3+(PO4)2(OH) · 2H2OOrth.
19.12.38FairfielditeCa2Mn2+(PO4)2 · 2H2OTric. 1 : P1
19.12.39BeusiteMn2+Mn2+2 (PO4)2Mon.
19.12.40MesseliteCa2Fe2+(PO4)2 · 2H2OTric. 1 : P1
19.12.41Jahnsite-(CaMnFe){Ca}{Mn2+}{Fe2+2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
19.12.42Jahnsite-(CaMnMn){Ca}{Mn2+}{Mn2+2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
19.12.43Jahnsite-(CaMnMg){Ca}{Mn2+}{(Mg,Fe2+)2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
19.12.44KeckiteCaMn2+(Fe3+Mn2+)Fe3+2(PO4)4(OH)3 · 7H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
19.12.45StanfielditeCa4Mg5(PO4)6Mon.
19.12.46Laubmannite(Fe2+,Mn2+,Ca)3Fe3+6(PO4)4(OH)12
19.12.47ZodaciteCa4Mn2+Fe3+4(PO4)6(OH)4 · 12H2OMon.
19.12.48HagendorfiteNaCaMn2+Fe2+2(PO4)3Mon. 2/m : B2/b
19.12.49Maghagendorfite(□,Na,)(Na,Ca,Fe2+)Mn(Mg,Fe2+,Fe3+)3(PO4)3Mon.
19.12.50VaruliteNaCaMn2+Mn2+2(PO4)3Mon. 2/m : B2/b
19.12.51GriphiteNa4Li2Ca6(Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg)19Al8(PO4)24(F,OH)8Iso. m3 (2/m 3)
19.12.52Attakolite(Ca,Sr)Mn(Al,Fe)4(HPO4,PO4)3(SiO4,PO4)(OH)4Mon. 2/m : B2/m
19.12.53Arrojadite-(KFe){KNa}{Fe2+◻}{Ca}{Na2◻}{Fe2+13}{Al}(PO4)11(HPO4)(OH)2Mon.
19.12.54Lun'okite(Mn,Ca)(Mg,Fe,Mn)Al(PO4)2OH · 4H2OOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbca
19.12.55EosphoriteMn2+Al(PO4)(OH)2 · H2OOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmca
19.12.56Ernstite(Mn2+,Fe3+)Al(PO4)(OH,O)2 · H2OMon.
19.12.57ChildreniteFe2+Al(PO4)(OH)2 · H2OOrth. mm2 : Ccc2
19.12.58BobfergusoniteNa2Mn5FeAl(PO4)6Mon. 2/m : P2/b
19.12.59QingheiiteNaMn3+Mg(Al,Fe3+)(PO4)3Mon. 2/m : P21/b
19.12.60Whiteite-(CaFeMg){Ca}{(Fe2+,Mn2+)}{Mg2}{Al2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
19.12.61Whiteite-(CaMnMg){Ca}{Mn2+}{Mg2}{Al2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m
19.12.62Whiteite-(MnFeMg){(Mn2+,Ca)}{(Fe2+,Mn2+)}{Mg2}{Al2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
19.12.63Rittmannite{(Mn2+,Ca)}{Mn2+}{(Fe2+,Mn2+,Mg)2}{(Al,Fe3+)2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon.
19.12.64ZanazziiteCa2Mg5Be4(PO4)6(OH)4 · 6H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
19.12.65Samuelsonite(Ca,Ba)Ca8Fe2+2Mn2+2Al2(PO4)10(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/m

Fluorescence of PseudolaueiteHide

In UV light:
Not fluorescent in UV

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for PseudolaueiteHide

Reference List:
Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)
American Mineralogist (1956): 41: 815.
American Mineralogist (1969): 54: 1312-1323.
Moore, P.B. (1975): Laueite, pseudolaueite, stewartite and metavauxite; a study in combinatorial polymorphism. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Abhandlungen, 123, 148-159.
Aufschluss (2000): 51: 39-45.

Internet Links for PseudolaueiteHide

Localities for PseudolaueiteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (eg from pseudomorphs.)

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Germany (TL)
 
  • Bavaria
    • Upper Palatinate
      • Waidhaus
        • Hagendorf
Naturwissenschaften,(1956) 43, 128; http://www.berthold-weber.de/h_miner.htm
Dill, H. G., Weber, B., Gerdes, A., & Melcher, F. (2008). The Fe-Mn phosphate apliteSilbergrube'near Waidhaus, Germany: epithermal phosphate mineralization in the Hagendorf-Pleystein pegmatite province. Mineralogical Magazine, 72(5), 1119-1144.
New Zealand
 
  • South Island
    • Tasman Region
      • Glenhope
Stott, F. (pers. notes) Minerals Associated with Phosphate Nodules, Tadmer Dry Weather Road Locality/Micromounting Seminar-Nelson. Both collector articles downloaded to Otago Rock and Minerals Club website (Phosphate nodules were studied by the club, however it is uncertain the level of scientific investigation)
Portugal
 
  • Guarda District
    • Sabugal
      • Bendada
Schnorrer-Köhler (1991), Mineral Occurrences.
  • Viseu District
    • Mangualde
Rewitzer, C. and Röschl, N. (1984) Portugal. Lapis, 9(12).; van den Berg, W. (1992) Enkele vermaarde mineralenvindplaatsen in Midden-Portugal. Gea, 1992(1), 38-39 (in Dutch).
USA
 
  • California
    • San Diego Co.
      • Anza-Borrego Desert State Park
        • Elder Canyon
Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 312.
  • Maine
    • Oxford Co.
      • Newry
King, V. and Foord, E., 1994, 2000, Mineralogy of Maine, volume 1 and 2, with updates by Van King.
  • New Hampshire
    • Grafton Co.
      • Groton
Am. Min. 50 (1965), 713-717
Rocks & Min., May 1999.
  • North Carolina
    • Cleveland Co.
      • Kings Mountain District
Jason B. Smith (visual identification)
Mineral and/or Locality  
Mindat.org is an outreach project of the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy, a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization.
Copyright © mindat.org and the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy 1993-2018, except where stated. Mindat.org relies on the contributions of thousands of members and supporters.
Privacy Policy - Terms & Conditions - Contact Us Current server date and time: October 21, 2018 18:04:49 Page generated: September 28, 2018 11:01:06
Go to top of page