Pseudobrookite
This page kindly sponsored by Douglas Merson
About Pseudobrookite
Formula:
Fe2TiO5
Colour:
Brownish black, reddish brown, or black
Lustre:
Adamantine, Greasy, Metallic
Hardness:
6
Specific Gravity:
4.33 - 4.39
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Name:
From the Greek ψευδής, false, and brookite since its resemblance to brookite is misleading.
Type Locality:
Armalcolite-Pseudobrookite Series.
See also "karrooite" and compare also Unnamed (Monoclinic polymorph of pseudobrookite).
A larger number of synthetic analogues are known and well studied.
See also "karrooite" and compare also Unnamed (Monoclinic polymorph of pseudobrookite).
A larger number of synthetic analogues are known and well studied.
Classification of Pseudobrookite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
4/C.24-20
4.CB.15
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
C : Metal: Oxygen = 2: 3,3: 5, and similar
B : With medium-sized cations
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
C : Metal: Oxygen = 2: 3,3: 5, and similar
B : With medium-sized cations
7.7.1.1
7 : MULTIPLE OXIDES
7 : AB2X5
7 : MULTIPLE OXIDES
7 : AB2X5
7.9.16
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
9 : Oxides of Ti
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
9 : Oxides of Ti
Physical Properties of Pseudobrookite
Adamantine, Greasy, Metallic
Colour:
Brownish black, reddish brown, or black
Streak:
Brown
Hardness:
6 on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
On {010}.
On {010}.
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven, Sub-Conchoidal
Density:
4.33 - 4.39 g/cm3 (Measured) 4.39 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Pseudobrookite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 2.350 nβ = 2.390 nγ = 2.420
2V:
Measured: 50° , Calculated: 80°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.070

Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Very High
Dispersion:
none
Chemical Properties of Pseudobrookite
Formula:
Fe2TiO5
IMA Formula:
(Fe3+2Ti)O5
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Pseudobrookite
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Cell Parameters:
a = 9.81 Å, b = 9.95 Å, c = 3.73 Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.986 : 1 : 0.375
Unit Cell V:
364.08 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:
Crystals usually tabular {100} and elongated [001]; long prismatic at times or needle-like [001]. {100} and hk0} striated [001].
Twinning:
Reported on various {hk0} planes (doubtful).
Crystallographic forms of Pseudobrookite
Crystal Atlas:
Image Loading
Click on an icon to view
3d models and HTML5 code kindly provided by
www.smorf.nl.
Toggle
Edge Lines | Miller Indices | Axes
Transparency
Opaque | Translucent | Transparent
View
Along a-axis | Along b-axis | Along c-axis | Start rotation | Stop rotation
Toggle
Edge Lines | Miller Indices | Axes
Transparency
Opaque | Translucent | Transparent
View
Along a-axis | Along b-axis | Along c-axis | Start rotation | Stop rotation
Epitaxi Comments:
Pseudobrookite on hematite with pseudobrokite {121}[21¯0] parallel to hematite {0001}[1¯100].
Pseudobrookite on magnetite with pseudobrookite {100}[001] parallel to magnetite {111}[110].
Oriented inclusions of rutile in pseudobrookite.
Pseudobrookite on magnetite with pseudobrookite {100}[001] parallel to magnetite {111}[110].
Oriented inclusions of rutile in pseudobrookite.
Type Occurrence of Pseudobrookite
Synonyms of Pseudobrookite
Other Language Names for Pseudobrookite
Relationship of Pseudobrookite to other Species
Forms a series with:
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
Hematite | 58 photos of Pseudobrookite associated with Hematite on mindat.org. |
Topaz | 48 photos of Pseudobrookite associated with Topaz on mindat.org. |
Sanidine | 45 photos of Pseudobrookite associated with Sanidine on mindat.org. |
Enstatite | 31 photos of Pseudobrookite associated with Enstatite on mindat.org. |
Bixbyite | 29 photos of Pseudobrookite associated with Bixbyite on mindat.org. |
Quartz | 21 photos of Pseudobrookite associated with Quartz on mindat.org. |
Tridymite | 19 photos of Pseudobrookite associated with Tridymite on mindat.org. |
Fluoro-edenite | 18 photos of Pseudobrookite associated with Fluoro-edenite on mindat.org. |
Mullite | 14 photos of Pseudobrookite associated with Mullite on mindat.org. |
Pyroxene Group | 8 photos of Pseudobrookite associated with Pyroxene Group on mindat.org. |
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping
4.CB.05 | Brizziite | NaSb5+O3 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
4.CB.05 | Corundum | Al2O3 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3c |
4.CB.05 | Ecandrewsite | (Zn,Fe2+,Mn2+)TiO3 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
4.CB.05 | Eskolaite | Cr2O3 | Trig. |
4.CB.05 | Geikielite | MgTiO3 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
4.CB.05 | Hematite | Fe2O3 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3c |
4.CB.05 | Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
4.CB.05 | Karelianite | V3+2O3 | Trig. |
4.CB.05 | Melanostibite | Mn2+(Sb5+,Fe3+)O3 | Trig. |
4.CB.05 | Pyrophanite | Mn2+TiO3 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
4.CB.05 | Akimotoite | (Mg,Fe2+)SiO3 | Trig. |
4.CB.05 | Unnamed (Auroantimonate) | AuSbO3 | |
4.CB.05 | UM1998-11-O-AuHSb | Au+2Sb3+O2(OH) | |
4.CB.05 | Tistarite | Ti3+2O3 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3c |
4.CB.10 | Avicennite | Tl2O3 | Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Ia3 |
4.CB.10 | Bixbyite | Mn3+2O3 | Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Ia3 |
4.CB.15 | Armalcolite | (Mg,Fe2+)Ti2O5 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
4.CB.20 | Zincohögbomite-2N2S | [(Zn,Al,Fe2+)3(Al,Fe3+,Ti)8O15(OH)]2 | Hex. 6mm : P63mc |
4.CB.20 | Zincohögbomite-2N6S | [(Zn,Mg)7(Al,Fe3+,Ti)16O31(OH)]2 | Hex. 6mm : P63mc |
4.CB.20 | Magnesiohögbomite-6N6S | [(Mg,Fe2+)3(Al,Ti,Fe3+)8O15(OH)]6 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
4.CB.20 | Magnesiohögbomite-2N3S | [(Mg,Fe2+,Zn)4(Al,Ti,Fe3+)10O19(OH)]2 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3 1m |
4.CB.20 | Magnesiohögbomite-2N2S | [(Mg,Fe2+)3[Al7(Ti,Fe3+)]O15(OH)]2 | Hex. 6mm : P63mc |
4.CB.20 | Ferrohögbomite-6N12S | [(Fe2+,Mg,Zn)5(Al,Ti,Fe3+)12O23(OH)]6 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
4.CB.25 | Pseudorutile | Fe2Ti3O9 | Hex. |
4.CB.25 | Kleberite | FeTi6O11(OH)5 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
4.CB.30 | Berdesinskiite | V3+2TiO5 | Mon. |
4.CB.30 | Oxyvanite | V3+2V4+O5 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
4.CB.35 | Olkhonskite | (Cr,V)2Ti3O9 | Mon. |
4.CB.35 | Schreyerite | V3+2Ti3O9 | Mon. |
4.CB.40 | Kamiokite | Fe2Mo3O8 | Hex. |
4.CB.40 | Nolanite | (V3+,Fe3+,Fe2+,Ti)10O14(OH)2 | Hex. |
4.CB.40 | Rinmanite | Zn2Sb2Mg2Fe4O14(OH)2 | Hex. 6 : P63 |
4.CB.40 | Iseite | Mn2Mo3O8 | Hex. 6mm : P63mc |
4.CB.40 | Majindeite | Mg2Mo3O8 | Hex. 6mm : P63mc |
4.CB.45 | Claudetite | As2O3 | Mon. 2/m |
4.CB.45 | Stibioclaudetite | AsSbO3 | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
4.CB.50 | Arsenolite | As2O3 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
4.CB.50 | Senarmontite | Sb2O3 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
4.CB.55 | Valentinite | Sb2O3 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pccn |
4.CB.60 | Bismite | Bi2O3 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
4.CB.65 | Sphaerobismoite | Bi2O3 | Tet. |
4.CB.70 | Sillénite | Bi12SiO20 | Iso. 2 3 : I2 3 |
4.CB.75 | Kyzylkumite | V3+Ti2O5(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
4.CB.80 | Tietaiyangite | Fe3+4Fe2+TiO9 | Hex. |
Related Minerals - Dana Grouping (8th Ed.)
7.7.1.2 | Armalcolite | (Mg,Fe2+)Ti2O5 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
Related Minerals - Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals Grouping
7.9.1 | Hongquiite | TiO | |
7.9.2 | Rutile | TiO2 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P42/mnm |
7.9.3 | Anatase | TiO2 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I41/amd |
7.9.4 | Brookite | TiO2 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
7.9.5 | Geikielite | MgTiO3 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
7.9.6 | Perovskite | CaTiO3 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma |
7.9.7 | Kassite | CaTi2O4(OH)2 | Orth. |
7.9.8 | Tausonite | SrTiO3 | Iso. 4 3m |
7.9.9 | Crichtonite | Sr(Mn,Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH)38 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
7.9.10 | Lucasite-(Ce) | CeTi2(O,OH)6 | Mon. |
7.9.11 | Hibonite | (Ca,Ce)(Al,Ti,Mg)12O19 | Hex. |
7.9.12 | Yttrocrasite-(Y) | (Y,Th,Ca,U)(Ti,Fe)2(O,OH)6 | Amor. |
7.9.13 | Pyrophanite | Mn2+TiO3 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
7.9.14 | Iwakiite | Mn2+Fe3+2O4 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I41/amd |
7.9.15 | Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
7.9.17 | Ulvöspinel | TiFe2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
7.9.18 | Pseudorutile | Fe2Ti3O9 | Hex. |
7.9.19 | Freudenbergite | Na2(Ti,Fe)8O16 | Mon. |
7.9.20 | Kennedyite | Fe2TiO5 | |
7.9.21 | Armalcolite | (Mg,Fe2+)Ti2O5 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
7.9.22 | Högbomite | (Mg,Fe)2(Al,Ti)5O10 | Hex. |
7.9.23 | Qandilite | (Mg,Fe3+)2(Ti,Fe3+,Al)O4 | |
7.9.24 | Cafetite | CaTi2O5 · H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
7.9.25 | Loveringite | (Ca,Ce,La)(Zr,Fe)(Mg,Fe)2(Ti,Fe,Cr,Al)18O38 | Trig. |
7.9.26 | Lindsleyite | (Ba,Sr)(Zr,Ca)(Fe,Mg)2(Ti,Cr,Fe)18O38 | Trig. |
7.9.27 | Priderite | K(Ti4+7Fe3+)O16 | Tet. |
7.9.28 | Jeppeite | (K,Ba)2(Ti,Fe)6O13 | Mon. |
7.9.29 | Ankangite | Ba(Ti,V3+,Cr)8O16 | Tet. 4/m : I4/m |
7.9.30 | Ecandrewsite | (Zn,Fe2+,Mn2+)TiO3 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
7.9.31 | Landauite | NaMnZn2(Ti,Fe)6Ti12O38 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
References for Pseudobrookite
Reference List:
Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)
Koch, A. (1878): "XXII. Neue Minerale aus dem Andesit des Aranyer Berges in Siebenbürgen", Tschermaks Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen 1, Neue Folge, 331-361.
Pauling (1930) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie: 73: 97.
Palache, C. (1934), American Mineralogist: 19: 14.
Palache, C. (1935), American Mineralogist: 20: 660.
Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1944), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume I: Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 736-738.
Taylor, R. W. (1964): Phase equilibriums in the system FeO-Fe2O3-TiO2 at 1300°C. American Mineralogist 49, 1016-1030.
Åsbrink, G. & Magnéli, A. (1967): X-ray studies on some mixed oxide systems of the pseudobrookite structure. Acta Chemica Scandinavica, 21, 1977.
Hauck, J. (1981): Crystallography and phase relations of MeO-M2O3-titanium dioxide systems (Me = Fe, Mg, Ni; M = Al, Cr, Fe). J. Solid State Chem. 36, 52-65.
Bowles, J.F. (1988) Definition and range of composition of naturally occurring minerals with the pseudobrookite structure. American Mineralogist (1988): 73: 1377.
Internet Links for Pseudobrookite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3302.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
Specimens:
The following Pseudobrookite specimens are currently listed for sale on minfind.com.
Localities for Pseudobrookite
Locality List




All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Algeria | |
| J.P. Lorand and J.Y. Cottin, Bull. Minéral. , 1987, 110, pp. 373-378. |
Australia | |
| W. D. Birch et al, Australian Journal of Mineralogy (in press) |
Museum Victoria Mineralogy Collection | |
Museum Victoria Mineralogy Collection | |
| U. Kolitsch (SXRD); Birch, W. D., Wood, A., White, A. J. R., Mills, S. J. and Freeman, R. (2008): Aegirine-augite crystals in scoria from Mt Shadwell and Mt Anakie, Victoria, Australia. Australian Journal of Mineralogy 14, 37-42. |
Austria | |
| Schebesta, K. (1983) Der Pauliberg - Eine Micromountfundstelle vor den Toren Wiens. Eisenblüte, 4 (10), 8-11.; R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993); U. Kolitsch, W. Postl, H.-P. Bojar and W. Trattner (2009): Die Mineralvorkommen im Basalt des Pauliberges. In: Autorenkollektiv (Red. M. A. Götzinger und P. Huber) (2009): Die Mineralien des Burgenlandes - Geologie, Mineralogie und mineralische Rohstoffe. – Wissenschaftliche Arbeiten aus dem Burgenland, Band 126, Amt der Burgenländischen Landesregierung, Abteilung 7 - Landesmuseum, Eisenstadt, 83-99. |
| Postl, W., Taucher, J. & Moser, B. (1996): Neue Mineralfunde im oststeirischen Vulkangebiet. Mitt. Abt. Miner. Landesmuseum Joanneum, 60/61, 3-76. |
| Postl, W., Taucher, J. & Moser, B. (1996): Neue Mineralfunde im oststeirischen Vulkangebiet. Mitt. Abt. Miner. Landesmuseum Joanneum, 60/61, 3-76.; "Aus der Tiefe der Vulkane", Fritz-Jandl-Postl (2011) |
| R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993) |
| R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993) |
Brazil | |
| Geological Survey Professional Paper 327 (U.S. Department of the Interior, 1959) |
Bulgaria | |
| Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2008): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155 |
Chile | |
| Bournat C. (1974); "Estudios geológico del sector de Freirina; UN, Chile. |
China | |
| Lei Zhao (1991): Geological Science and Technology Information 10(s1) |
Czech Republic | |
| Scharm, B.: Přehled minerálů nalezených v oblasti uranových koncentrací v severočeské křídě. Bulletin mineralogicko-petrografického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze, 1995, roč. 3, s. 169-172. |
| Novák, M. & Škoda, R. (2007): Mn3+-rich andalusite to kanonaite and their breakdown products from metamanganolite at Kojetice near Třebíč, the Moldanubian Zone, Czech Republic. Journal of Geosciences, 52(1-2), 161-167. |
Finland | |
| Karinen, Tuomo 2010. The Koillismaa intrusion northeasten Finland - evidence for PGE reef forming processes in the layered series. Geological Survey of Finland Bulletin 404 |
France | |
| Barrier D, Pourtier G, Médard P (2004) Minéralogie du mont Denise (Haute-Loire). Le Cahier des Micromonteurs 83: 3-11. |
| P & E Médard collection |
| Queneau Patrice collection |
hède | |
| Philippe Rémy collection |
| A. Lacroix (1905) Minéralogie de la France |
| Vernay, R. (1996) - Le Puy de Lemptégy, Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, (1), 12-17. |
Mboungou-Kongo J.B. (2002), L'hématite spéculaire du puy de Tunisset, Chaîne des Puys (Puy de Dôme), Le Régne Minéral, n°46, pp: 51-55 | |
| Kruszewski, Ł., Gatel, P., Thiéry, V., Moszumańska, I., Kusy, D. (2018)(?): Lapanouse-de-Sévérac (France): an example of unique crystallochemical behaviour of slag minerals and new mineral potential. Coal and Peat Fires, vol. 5, xx-xx (in review/correction); Ł. Kruszewski EPMA/PXRD/Rietveld data |
| photo and collection Bernard Bouissac |
French Southern and Antarctic Lands | |
Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 122, 174-190 (1995) | |
Germany | |
| Stahle, V., Koch, M., McCammon, C. A., Mann, U. & Markl, G. (2002): Occurrence of low-Ti and high-Ti freudenbergite in alkali syenite dikes from the Katzenbuckel volcano, southwestern Germany. Canadian Mineralogist 40, 1609-1627. |
| Dill, H.G. (2009) The Hagendorf-Pleystein phosphate pegmatites (NE Bavaria, Germany) - A mineralogical, chronological and sedimentological overview. Estudos Geológicos: 19(2): 117-120. |
| Blaß, G. & Graf, H. W. (1995): Neufunde von Schlackenhalden in der nördlichen Eifel (II). Mineralien-Welt, 6 (3), 28-31. |
International Association of Collectors of Slag Minerals, 9 (3), 3-6 | |
| Blaß, G. & Graf, H. W. (1995): Neufunde von Schlackenhalden in der nördlichen Eifel (II). Mineralien-Welt, 6 (3), 28-31. |
| Bender, D. and Krimmelbein, W. (1994) Aktuelle Übersicht: Mineralien der Zinkhütte Genna/Sauerland. Stand Juni 1994. Mineralien-Welt, 4/94, 10. |
| Brauns, R., Die Mineralien der Niederrheinischen Vulkangebiete, Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, 1922 |
| Hentschel, G., Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane, Weise Verlag München, 1983 |
| Hentschel, G. (1975) Die Mineralien der basaltischen Gesteine im Laacher Vulkangebiet. Der Aufschluß, Heft 2.; Blaß, G. and Kruijen, F. (2015) Neuigkeiten aus der Vulkaneifel (II/2015). Mineralien-Welt, 26(5), 80-90. |
| S. Weiß: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990 |
| S. Weiß: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990 |
| Hentschel, G., Die Mineralien der basaltischen Gesteine im Laacher Vulkangebiet, Der Aufschluß, Heft 2, 1975 |
Hentschel, G., Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane, Weise Verlag München, 1983 | |
| Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990 |
Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990 | |
Lapis 1988(7+8), 70-72 | |
| Hentschel, G., Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane, Weise (München), 1983 |
| Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990 |
| Hentschel, G., Die Mineralien der basaltischen Gesteine im Laacher Vulkangebiet, Der Aufschluß, Heft 2, 1975 |
| Blass, G., Graf, H.W., Kolitsch,U., Neue Funde aus der Vukaneifel, Mineralien-Welt 5/2003 |
Blass, G., Graf, H.W., Kolitsch,U., Neue Funde aus der Vukaneifel, Mineralien-Welt 5/2003 | |
| Blass, G., Graf, H.W., Kolitsch,U., Neue Funde aus der Vulkaneifel, Mineralien-Welt 5/2003 |
collection C.&H. Schäfer | |
| Brauns, R., Die Mineralien der Niederrheinischen Vulkangebiete, Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, 1922 |
Blass, G., Graf, H.W., Kolitsch,U., Neue Funde aus der Vukaneifel, Mineralien-Welt 5/2003 | |
Leu, K. (2017): Unbekannte Fundstellen in der Eifel - der Tönchesberg bei Kruft, Mineralienwelt Vol. 28, 6, pp. 24-38 | |
| Hentschel, G., Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane, Weise Verlag München, 2. Auflage) 1987 |
| Hentschel, G., Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane, Weise Verlag München (2. Auflage), 1987 |
| Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990 |
| Schäfer, H., Die Mineralien der Einschlüsse und Auswürflinge in den Schlacken des Emmelberges bei Üdersdorf / Eifel, Der Aufschluss 30, 273-282, 1979 |
Guth, G., Interessante Neufunde für den Basaltbruch Liley (Löley) bei Üdersdorf in der Westeifel Mineralien-Welt 2/2000 | |
| Hentschel, G. (1987): Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane, Weise Verlag München |
| Blaß, G. & Schüller, W. (2012): Der Rother Kopf in der Vulkaneifel. Lapis, 37 (3), 20-29. |
Hentschel, G.(1987): Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane, Weise Verlag München, 2. Auflage | |
| Hentschel, G., Die Lavaströme der Graulai: eine neue Fundstelle in der Westeifel, Lapis, Weise Verlag München, 09/1993 |
| Hentschel, G., Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane, Weise Verlag München, (2. Auflage), 1987 |
| Hentschel, G.(1987): Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane, Weise Verlag München, 2. Auflage |
| Schüller, W., Die Mineralien des Niveligsberges bei Drees in der Eifel, Der Aufschluß SB 33, 1990 |
| T. Witzke & F. Rüger: Lapis 1998(7/8), 26-64 |
| Schüller, A. (1953): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 3(6), 472-494. |
Greece | |
| No reference listed |
www.mineralogicalassociation.ca/doc/abstracts/cm5_Vol36_Oct98.pdf. | |
Hungary | |
| |
Italy | |
| Ch. Wagner and D. Velde, Bull. Minéral. , 1985, 108, pp. 173-187. |
| Mondillo N., Balassone G., Boni M., Rollinson G. (2011): Karst bauxites in the Campania Apennines (southern Italy): a new approach. Per. Mineral., 80, 3, 407-432. |
| Imma Punzo find and collection |
Russo, M., Punzo, I. (2004): I minerali del Somma-Vesuvio, AMI | |
| "Giorgio Bortolozzi (visual identification)" |
| Burli, M., Nizi, L., Pucci, R., Signoretti, E (2010): Mullite et Cordierite nella cava di Cellere (VT), Il Cercapietre , 1-2 / 2010, pp. 41-48 |
| No reference listed; No reference listed |
Parodi, G. C., Della Ventura, G., & Lorand, J. P. (1989). Mineralogy and petrology of an unusual osumilite+ vanadium-rich pseudobrookite assemblage in an ejectum from the Vico volcanic complex (Latium, Italy). American Mineralogist, 74(11-12), 1278-1284. | |
Signoretti, E., Carlini, R., Mattei, L. (2004): Località minori del vulcano Vicano: Pian di S. Martino, Le Carcarelle, Torre del Quercio. Il Cercapietre, 1-2, articolo 3; http://www.gminromano.it/Cercapietre/rivista04/testo/04A04.html | |
| - G.Conti-Vecchi, P. Stara,: (1991) "I Minerali della Sardegna" STEF S.p.A. Cagliari pp.176 |
Bortolozi G. (1986) - Mullite e Pseudobrookite del M. Arci (Or) - Riv. Mineral. Ital. , Milano, Fasc. 3, pag. 136 | |
| "Giorgio Bortolozzi (visual identification)" |
| "Giorgio Bortolozzi (visual identification)" |
| Gianfagna, A. & Oberti, R.(2001): Fluoro-edenite from Biancavilla (Catania, Sicily, Italy): crystal chemistry of a new amphibole end-member. American Mineralogist, 86, 1489-1493. - Sicurella, G., Ciriotti, M.E., Gianfagna, A., Mazziotti-Tagliani, S., Blass, G. (2010): Minerali di Monte Calvario, Biancavilla (Catania, Sicilia). Micro (località), 2/2010, 329-368. |
| "Giorgio Bortolozzi (visual identification)" |
| Boscardin M.,Daleffe A.,Rocchetti I., Zordan A. (2011) " Minerali del Vicentino - Aggiornamenti, località e nuove determinazioni " Museo di Archeologia e Scienze Naturali “G. Zannato” – Montecchio Maggiore (Vicenza), pp.183 |
| Daleffe, A., Rigoni M., M.T. (2000): Pseudobrookite di Monte Faldo, Selva di |
M. Boscardin (2002): " Presenze Mineralogiche significative nei Lessini Vicentini - Studi e Ricerche- Associazione Amici del Museo- Museo Civico "G. Zannato" Montecchio Maggiore (VI). 15 Dicembre 2002, pp. 49-56. | |
Japan | |
| Nakajima & Kurosawa (2006), Canadian Mineralogist: 44: 40. |
Mexico | |
| Panczner(1987): 305. |
| "Rock-magnetism and ore microscopy of the magnetite-apatite ore deposit from Cerro de Mercado, Mexico" Earth Planets Space, 53, 181–192, 2001 |
| Panczner (1987): 305. |
New Zealand | |
| Martin Stolworthy Collection |
| Essence of Microscope |
| Collection of RJ Martin |
| Challis, G. A., Grapes, R., & Palmer, K. (1995). Chromian muscovite, uvarovite, and zincian chromite; products of regional metasomatism in Northwest Nelson, New Zealand. The Canadian Mineralogist, 33(6), 1263-1284. |
Norway | |
| Brøgger, W.C. (1888): Om en norsk forekomst af pseudobrookit i store krystaller. Geol.Fören. Förhandl.Stockholm 10: 21-24; Smith, D.G.W. (1969): Contributions to the Mineralogy of Norway No.42. A reinvestigation of the pseudobrookite from Havredal (Bamble), Norway. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift: 49: 284-288. |
Poland | |
| Kruszewski, Ł., Ciesielczuk, J., Misz-Kennan, M., 2014: Mineralogy of some metacarbonate rocks from burned coal-mining dump in Przygórze (Lower Silesian Coal Basin) and its analogy to "olive" rocks from the Hatrurim Formation. Proceedings of the International Symposium CEMC 2014, Skalský Dvůr, April 23-26th, 26-27 |
Portugal | |
| Pedro Alves collection |
Romania | |
| Szakáll, S. & Kristály, F., Eds. (2010): Mineralogy of Székelyland, Eastern Transylvania, Romania. Csík County Nature and Conservation Society, Miercurea-Ciuc, Romania, 321 pp. |
| Koch, 1878; König et al., 2001; Bojar, H.-P. & Walter, F. (2006): Fluoro-magnesiohastingsite from Dealul Uroi (Hunedoara county, Romania): mineral structure of a new amphibole end-member. European Journal of Mineralogy, 18, 503-508. |
Russia | |
| Cesnokov, B., Kotrly, M. and Nisanbajev, T. (1998): Brennende Abraumhalden und Aufschlüsse im Tscheljabinsker Kohlenbecken - eine reiche Mineralienküche. Mineralien-Welt, 9 (3), 54-63 (in German). |
| Kaigorodova, E. N. (2017). Rare-earth and Rare-metal Mineralization in Trachytes of the Khulam Complex (Kabardino-balkaria Republic, Russia). In Magmatism of the Earth and related strategic metal deposits (pp. 87-89). |
| Pekov, I.V., Sandalov, F.D., Koshlyakova, N.N., Vigasina, M.F., Polekhovsky, Y.S., Britvin, S.N., Sidorov, E.G., Turchkova, A.G. (2018): Copper in Natural Oxide Spinels: The New Mineral Thermaerogenite CuAl2O4, Cuprospinel and Cu-Enriched Varieties of Other Spinel-Group Members from Fumaroles of the Tolbachik Volcano, Kamchatka, Russia[i]. Minerals: 8: 498; https://doi.org/10.3390/min8110498; http://forum.amiminerals.it/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=14995 |
Pekov, I. V., Zelenski, M. E., Zubkova, N. V., Yapaskurt, V. O., Chukanov, N. V., Belakovskiy, D. I., & Pushcharovsky, D. Y. (2012). Calciolangbeinite, K2Ca2 (SO4) 3, a new mineral from the Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Russia. Mineralogical Magazine, 76(3), 673-682. | |
| |
| Victor V. Sharygin analytycal data (2012) |
Slovakia | |
| Ďuďa,R., et al., 1981: Mineralógia severnej časti Slanských vrchov. Min.Slovaca, Monografia 2, 98s |
South Africa | |
| Minerals of South Africa |
Spain | |
| B. Azambre et al. , Bull. Minéral; , 1987, 110, pp. 379-396. |
| B. Azambre et al. , Bull. Minéral; , 1987, 110, pp. 379-396. |
| Alex Hansen Machín (2009). Volcanología y geomorfología de la etapa de rejuvenecimiento plio-pleistocena de Gran Canaria (Islas Canarias). Tesis doctoral. Personally collected in January 2013 |
| B. Azambre et al. , Bull. Minéral; , 1987, 110, pp. 379-396. |
| E. Salvioli-mariani et al. , Eur. J. Mineral. , 1996, 8, pp. 1027-1039. |
| Sevillano, G. C., Viñals,J., Rebollar, M.C (2009): Minerales de las Vesículas de las Rocas Lamproíticas del afloramiento de La Aljorra (Murcia). Macla (11), 43-44 |
| - Lewis,W.J. (1883) Mineralogische Notizen 1. Pseudobrookit - Zeitschrift für Kristallographie und Mineralogie,7, 181-182 |
Tanzania | |
| Mineralogical Magazine 1963 33 : 635-645 |
UK | |
| Agrell, S. O. and Langley, J. M. (1958) Proc. R. Irish Acad. 59B, 93-127.; Ryback, G., Nawaz, R. and Farley, E. (1988) Seventh Supplementary List of British Isles Minerals (Irish). Mineralogical Magazine, vol. 52, n° 365, pp. 267-274. |
| J.Ralph 2007 |
Smith, D.G.W. (1965) The chemistry and mineralogy of some emery-like rocks from Sithean Sluaigh, Strachur, Argyllshire. American Mineralogist 50: 1982-2022.; Livingstone, A. and Macpherson, H.G. (1983) Fifth supplementary list of British minerals (Scottish). Mineralogical Magazine, vol. 47, n° 342, p. 99-105. | |
USA | |
| |
| Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 402. |
| Data provided by Janet Clifford, Cleveland Micromineral Symposium |
Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 336. | |
| Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 336, 376, 399; White, Jr., J.S. (1992), An occurrence of bixbyite, spessartine, topaz and pseudobrookite from Ash Creek near Hayden, AZ, Min.Rec.: 23: 487-492. |
| Mineralogical Record 23:487-492 |
| Jay Ellis Ransom,1974, Gems and Minerals of America |
| Morgan, V. and Erd, R.C. (1969) Minerals of the Kramer borate district, California California Division of Mines and Geology Mineral Information Service: 22(9): 165-166; Carnahan, V. (1970), Notes on some minerals from Boron: Bulletin of the Mineralogical Society of Southern California, November: 10; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 174. |
| R. Housley, pers.comm., SEM-EDS verified, 2014 |
| DeVito, A. N. (1992), Brookite and stilbite in the Santa Monica Mountains. Bull. Min. Soc. So. Calif.: 62(2) (Feb 1992): 7. |
| ("Minerals of Colorado, updated & revised", by Eckel, Edwin B., 1997); USGS Bull 1716C |
| Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckel |
| Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckel |
| AmMin 84:754-763 |
| AmMin 69:57 |
| www.minsocam.org/msa/Handbook/Davanite.PDF. |
| NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada; Fries, Carl, Jr., Tin deposits of northern Lander County, Nevada. USGS Bulletin 931-L, p. 279-294, illus., 1942. |
USGS Bulletin 931-1; Tin Deposits of Northern Lander County Nevada | |
| Tony Nikischer specimen |
| Rice, Jack M., Dickey, John S. Jr., and Lyons, John B. (1971): Skeletal Crystallization of Pseudobrookite (American Mineralogist 56:158-162.) |
| Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed. |
| NMGS 37th Field Conference |
Min.Rec.: 20(5):404. | |
| Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed. |
Ronald Gibbs, Microminerals from the Big Lue Mountains, 13th Annual New Mexico Mineral Symposium, November 14-15, 1992 | |
| Min Rec 16:2 p145 |
| Steve Stuart collection- from giveaway tables at 2013 Arthur Roe Micromineral Symposium |
Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd Rev. Ed., 1996 | |
Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed. | |
Gibbs, R. (2013) Microminerals near San Juan Peak in the San Mateo Mountains, Socorro County, New Mexico. 34th Annual New Mexico Mineral Symposium, November 9-10, Socorro, New Mexico, Program with Abstracts: 34(14): 27. | |
| Min Rec 16:2 p137; New Mexico rocks & minerals: the collecting guide (including maps) By Frank S. Kimbler, Robert J. Narsavage |
| Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed. |
Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd Rev. Ed., 1996 | |
Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed. Min Rec, Vol. 20, No. 1, p. 60 | |
| Ramon DeMark and Jessie Kline, New Mexico Mineral Symposium, November 2000 |
NMBMMR New Mexico Mineral symposium (2000) p.11 | |
| K. Starnes, personal ID, 1992 |
Mineralogical Record Vol 16 Num 2 | |
Don Howard and Kent England Micro Probe Vol. X No. 8 page 3 | |
| Kleck. W. D. (1970): Cavity Minerals At Summit Rock. American Mineralogist. 55, 1396-1404 |
| Min Rec 10:5 pp261-278 |
| No reference listed |
Mineralogical Record, March/April 1995, page 126 | |
Microprobe 7:9 pp 12-14 | |
Min Rec 10:5 pp261-278; Bowling, R. (2011) Topaz from Utsh's Maynard Mine Extra Lapis English 14:22-25 | |
Grüll, M. (2014): Weltklasse: Bixbyite aus Utah/USA. Lapis 39 (9), 40-45. | |
Personally collected by Dr. Scott Campbell. | |
Rick Dalrymple Collection | |
UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah | |
J. Holfert, W. Mroch, J. Fuller (1996) A Field Guide to Topaz and Associated Minerals of the Thomas Range, Utah (Topaz Mountain) Vol I HM Publishing 103pp | |
| Personally Collected by Dr. Scott Campbell. |
| Mineralogical Magazine 1998 62 : 265-269 |
| Steve Rust collection |
| Buchholz, T.W., Falster, A.U., and Simmons, WmB. (2007) 34th Rochester Mineralogical Symposium, Contributed Papers. |
Quick NavTopAbout PseudobrookiteClassification Physical Properties Optical Data Chemical Properties Crystallography Crystallographic forms Type Occurrence SynonymsOther LanguagesRelationshipsCommon AssociatesNickel-StrunzDanaHey's CIMOther InformationReferences Internet Links Localities Locality List
Uroi Hill, Simeria, Hunedoara, Romania