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Pseudobrookite

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Pseudobrookite

Emmelberg, Üdersdorf, Daun, Eifel, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
Pseudobrookite

Emmelberg, Üdersdorf, Daun, Eifel, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
Pseudobrookite

Emmelberg, Üdersdorf, Daun, Eifel, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
Pseudobrookite

Emmelberg, Üdersdorf, Daun, Eifel, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
Pseudobrookite

Emmelberg, Üdersdorf, Daun, Eifel, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
Pseudobrookite

Emmelberg, Üdersdorf, Daun, Eifel, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
Pseudobrookite

Emmelberg, Üdersdorf, Daun, Eifel, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
Pseudobrookite

Emmelberg, Üdersdorf, Daun, Eifel, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
Formula:
Fe23+TiO5
System:
Orthorhombic
Colour:
Brownish black, reddish ...
Lustre:
Adamantine, Greasy, Metallic
Hardness:
6
Name:
From the Greek ψευδής, false, and brookite since its resemblance to brookite is misleading.
Armalcolite-Pseudobrookite Series.
See also "karrooite" and compare also Unnamed (Monoclinic polymorph of pseudobrookite).

A larger number of synthetic analogues are known and well studied.


Classification of Pseudobrookite

IMA status:
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
Strunz 8th ed.:
4/C.24-20
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) ed.:
4.CB.15

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
C : Metal: Oxygen = 2: 3,3: 5, and similar
B : With medium-sized cations
Dana 8th ed.:
7.7.1.1

7 : MULTIPLE OXIDES
7 : AB2X5
Hey's CIM Ref.:
7.9.16

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
9 : Oxides of Ti

Physical Properties of Pseudobrookite

Lustre:
Adamantine, Greasy, Metallic
Colour:
Brownish black, reddish brown, or black
Streak:
Brown
Hardness (Mohs):
6
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
On {010}.
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven, Sub-Conchoidal
Density:
4.33 - 4.39 g/cm3 (Measured)    4.39 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of Pseudobrookite

Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 2.350 nβ = 2.390 nγ = 2.420
2V:
Measured: 50° , Calculated: 80°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.070
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Very High
Dispersion:
none

Chemical Properties of Pseudobrookite

IMA Formula:
Fe23+TiO5
Elements listed in formula:
Fe, O, Ti - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of Pseudobrookite

Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Cell Parameters:
a = 9.81 Å, b = 9.95 Å, c = 3.73 Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.986 : 1 : 0.375
Unit Cell Volume:
V 364.08 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:
Crystals usually tabular {100} and elongated [001]; long prismatic at times or needle-like [001]. {100} and hk0} striated [001].
Twinning:
Reported on various {hk0} planes (doubtful).

Crystallographic forms of Pseudobrookite

Crystal Atlas:
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Pseudobrookite no.1 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Pseudobrookite no.7 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
3d models and HTML5 code kindly provided by www.smorf.nl.

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Epitaxi Comments:
Pseudobrookite on hematite with pseudobrokite {121}[21¯0] parallel to hematite {0001}[1¯100].
Pseudobrookite on magnetite with pseudobrookite {100}[001] parallel to magnetite {111}[110].
Oriented inclusions of rutile in pseudobrookite.

Occurrences of Pseudobrookite

Type Occurrence of Pseudobrookite

Type Locality:
Uroi Hill (Arany Hill), Simeria, Hunedoara Co., Romania

Relationship of Pseudobrookite to other Species

Series:
Forms a series with Armalcolite (see here)
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):
4.CB.05BrizziiteNaSbO3
4.CB.05CorundumAl2O3
4.CB.05EcandrewsiteZnTiO3
4.CB.05EskolaiteCr2O3
4.CB.05GeikieliteMgTiO3
4.CB.05HematiteFe2O3
4.CB.05IlmeniteFe2+Ti4+O3
4.CB.05KarelianiteV2O3
4.CB.05MelanostibiteMn2+(Sb5+,Fe3+)O3
4.CB.05PyrophaniteMn2+TiO3
4.CB.05AkimotoiteMgSiO3
4.CB.05AuroantimonateAuSbO3
4.CB.05UM1998-11-O-AuHSbAu2+Sb3+O2(OH)
4.CB.05TistariteTi2O3
4.CB.10AvicenniteTl2O3
4.CB.10BixbyiteMn23+O3
4.CB.15Armalcolite(Mg,Fe2+)Ti2O5
4.CB.20Zincohögbomite-2N2S(Zn,Al,Fe)3(Al,Fe,Ti)8O15(OH)
4.CB.20Zincohögbomite-2N6S(Zn,Al)7(Al,Fe3+,Ti,Mg)16O31(OH)
4.CB.20Magnesiohögbomite-6N6S(Mg,Al,Fe)3(Al,Ti)8O15(OH)
4.CB.20Magnesiohögbomite-2N3S(Mg,Fe,Zn,Ti)4(Al,Fe)10O19(OH)
4.CB.20Magnesiohögbomite-2N2S(Al,Mg,Fe,Ti)22(O,OH)32
4.CB.20Ferrohögbomite-6N12S[(Fe2+,Mg,Zn)5(Al,Ti,Fe3+)12O23(OH)]6
4.CB.25PseudorutileFe23+Ti34+O9
4.CB.25KleberiteFeTi6O11(OH)5
4.CB.30BerdesinskiiteV23+TiO5
4.CB.30OxyvaniteV3O5
4.CB.35OlkhonskiteCr2Ti3O9
4.CB.35SchreyeriteV23+Ti34+O9
4.CB.40KamiokiteFe22+Mo34+O8
4.CB.40Nolanite(V3+,Fe3+,Fe2+,Ti)10O14(OH)2
4.CB.40RinmaniteMg2Fe4Zn2Sb2O14(OH)2
4.CB.40IseiteMn2Mo3O8
4.CB.40MajindeiteMg2Mo3O8
4.CB.45ClaudetiteAs2O3
4.CB.45StibioclaudetiteAsSbO3
4.CB.50ArsenoliteAs2O3
4.CB.50SenarmontiteSb2O3
4.CB.55ValentiniteSb2O3
4.CB.60BismiteBi2O3
4.CB.65SphaerobismoiteBi2O3
4.CB.70SilléniteBi12SiO20
4.CB.75KyzylkumiteTi2V3+O5(OH)
4.CB.80TietaiyangiteFe43+Fe2+TiO9
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:
7.9.1HongquiiteTiO
7.9.2RutileTiO2
7.9.3AnataseTiO2
7.9.4BrookiteTiO2
7.9.5GeikieliteMgTiO3
7.9.6PerovskiteCaTiO3
7.9.7KassiteCaTi2O4(OH)2
7.9.8TausoniteSrTiO3
7.9.9CrichtoniteSr(Mn,Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH)38
7.9.10Lucasite-(Ce)CeTi2O5(OH)
7.9.11Hibonite(Ca,Ce)(Al,Ti,Mg)12O19
7.9.12Yttrocrasite-(Y)(Y,Th,Ca,U)(Ti,Fe)2(O,OH)6
7.9.13PyrophaniteMn2+TiO3
7.9.14IwakiiteMn2+Fe23+O4
7.9.15IlmeniteFe2+Ti4+O3
7.9.17UlvöspinelFe22+TiO4
7.9.18PseudorutileFe23+Ti34+O9
7.9.19FreudenbergiteNa(Ti34+Fe3+)O8
7.9.20KennedyiteFe2TiO5
7.9.21Armalcolite(Mg,Fe2+)Ti2O5
7.9.22Högbomite(Mg,Fe)2(Al,Ti)5O10
7.9.23QandiliteMg2(Ti,Fe3+,Al)O4
7.9.24CafetiteCaTi2O5 · H2O
7.9.25Loveringite(Ca,Ce,La)(Zr,Fe)(Mg,Fe)2(Ti,Fe,Cr,Al)18O38
7.9.26Lindsleyite(Ba,Sr)(Zr,Ca)(Fe,Mg)2(Ti,Cr,Fe)18O38
7.9.27PrideriteK(Ti74+Fe3+)O16
7.9.28Jeppeite(K,Ba)2(Ti,Fe3+)6O13
7.9.29AnkangiteBa(Ti,V3+,Cr)8O16
7.9.30EcandrewsiteZnTiO3
7.9.31Landauite(Na,Pb)(Mn2+,Y)(Zn,Fe)2(Ti,Fe3+,Nb)18(O,OH,F)O38

Other Names for Pseudobrookite

Synonyms:

Kennedyite

Name in Other Languages:
Simplified Chinese:假板钛矿
铁板钛矿

Other Information

Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Pseudobrookite

Reference List:
Koch, A. (1878): "XXII. Neue Minerale aus dem Andesit des Aranyer Berges in Siebenbürgen", Tschermaks Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen 1, Neue Folge, 331-361.

Pauling (1930) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie: 73: 97.

Palache, C. (1934), American Mineralogist: 19: 14.

Palache, C. (1935), American Mineralogist: 20: 660.

Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1944), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume I: Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 736-738.

Taylor, R. W. (1964): Phase equilibriums in the system FeO-Fe2O3-TiO2 at 1300°C. American Mineralogist 49, 1016-1030.

Åsbrink, G. & Magnéli, A. (1967): X-ray studies on some mixed oxide systems of the pseudobrookite structure. Acta Chemica Scandinavica, 21, 1977.

Hauck, J. (1981): Crystallography and phase relations of MeO-M2O3-titanium dioxide systems (Me = Fe, Mg, Ni; M = Al, Cr, Fe). J. Solid State Chem. 36, 52-65.

Bowles, J.F. (1988) Definition and range of composition of naturally occurring minerals with the pseudobrookite structure. American Mineralogist (1988): 73: 1377.

Internet Links for Pseudobrookite

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    Localities for Pseudobrookite

    This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    (TL) indicates type locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) indicates first recorded locality for everything else. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Algeria
     
    • Tamanghasset Province
      • Ahaggar Mtn (Hoggar Mtn)
        • Laouni
    		J.P. Lorand and J.Y. Cottin, Bull. Minéral. , 1987, 110, pp. 373-378.
    Australia
     
    • Victoria
      • City of Greater Geelong
        • Anakie
    		W. D. Birch et al, Australian Journal of Mineralogy (in press)
    Museum Victoria Mineralogy Collection
    Museum Victoria Mineralogy Collection
      • Moyne Shire
        • Mortlake
    		U. Kolitsch (SXRD); Birch, W. D., Wood, A., White, A. J. R., Mills, S. J. and Freeman, R. (2008): Aegirine-augite crystals in scoria from Mt Shadwell and Mt Anakie, Victoria, Australia. Australian Journal of Mineralogy 14, 37-42.
    Austria
     
    • Burgenland
      • Oberpullendorf
        • Kobersdorf
          • Pauliberg
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993); U. Kolitsch, W. Postl, H.-P. Bojar and W. Trattner (2009): Die Mineralvorkommen im Basalt des Pauliberges. In: Autorenkollektiv (Red. M. A. Götzinger und P. Huber) (2009): Die Mineralien des Burgenlandes - Geologie, Mineralogie und mineralische Rohstoffe. – Wissenschaftliche Arbeiten aus dem Burgenland, Band 126, Amt der Burgenländischen Landesregierung, Abteilung 7 - Landesmuseum, Eisenstadt, 83-99.
    • Styria
      • Bad Radkersburg
        • Klöch
    		"Aus der Tiefe der Vulkane", Fritz-Jandl-Postl (2011)
      • Graz
        • Wildon
          • Weitendorf
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
    • Tyrol
      • East Tyrol
        • Virgen valley
          • Prägraten
            • Dorferbach valley
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
    Brazil
     
    • Paraná
      • Foz do Iguaçu
    		Geological Survey Professional Paper 327 (U.S. Department of the Interior, 1959)
    Bulgaria
     
    • Pazardzhik Oblast (Pazardjik Oblast)
      • Panagyurishte (Panagurishte) Obshtina
        • Panagyurishte
    		Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2008): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155
    Chile
     
    • Atacama Region
      • Huasco Province
        • Freirina
          • Sierra La Totora district
    		Bournat C. (1974); "Estudios geológico del sector de Freirina; UN, Chile.
    China
     
    • Shandong Province
      • Linyi Prefecture
    		Lei Zhao (1991): Geological Science and Technology Information 10(s1)
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Liberec Region
    		Scharm, B.: Přehled minerálů nalezených v oblasti uranových koncentrací v severočeské křídě. Bulletin mineralogicko-petrografického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze, 1995, roč. 3, s. 169-172.
    • Moravia (Mähren; Maehren)
      • Vysočina Region
        • Třebíč
    		Novák, M. & Škoda, R. (2007): Mn3+-rich andalusite to kanonaite and their breakdown products from metamanganolite at Kojetice near Třebíč, the Moldanubian Zone, Czech Republic. Journal of Geosciences, 52(1-2), 161-167.
    Finland
     
    • Northern Finland Region
      • Pudasjärvi
    		Karinen, Tuomo 2010. The Koillismaa intrusion northeasten Finland - evidence for PGE reef forming processes in the layered series. Geological Survey of Finland Bulletin 404
    France
     
    • Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
      • Haute-Loire
        • Le Puy-en-Velay
          • Espaly-Saint-Marcel
    		Barrier D, Pourtier G, Médard P (2004) Minéralogie du mont Denise (Haute-Loire). Le Cahier des Micromonteurs 83: 3-11.
        • Solignac-sur-Loire
          • Le Brignon
    		P & E Médard collection
      • Puy-de-Dôme
        • Besse-et-Saint-Anastaise
          • Murol
    		Queneau Patrice collection
    hède
        • Mazaye
    		Philippe Rémy collection
        • Mont-Dore
    		A. Lacroix (1905) Minéralogie de la France
        • Pontgibaud
          • Saint-Ours-les-Roches
    		Vernay, R. (1996) - Le Puy de Lemptégy, Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, (1), 12-17.
    Mboungou-Kongo J.B. (2002), L'hématite spéculaire du puy de Tunisset, Chaîne des Puys (Puy de Dôme), Le Régne Minéral, n°46, pp: 51-55
    French Southern and Antarctic Lands
     
    Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 122, 174-190 (1995)
    Germany
     
    • Baden-Württemberg
      • Odenwald
        • Eberbach
          • Katzenbuckel
    		Stahle, V., Koch, M., McCammon, C. A., Mann, U. & Markl, G. (2002): Occurrence of low-Ti and high-Ti freudenbergite in alkali syenite dikes from the Katzenbuckel volcano, southwestern Germany. Canadian Mineralogist 40, 1609-1627.
    • North Rhine-Westphalia
      • Aachen
        • Stolberg
    		Blaß, G. & Graf, H. W. (1995): Neufunde von Schlackenhalden in der nördlichen Eifel (II). Mineralien-Welt, 6 (3), 28-31.
    International Association of Collectors of Slag Minerals, 9 (3), 3-6
      • Eifel
        • Mechernich
          • Kall
    		Blaß, G. & Graf, H. W. (1995): Neufunde von Schlackenhalden in der nördlichen Eifel (II). Mineralien-Welt, 6 (3), 28-31.
      • Sauerland
        • Iserlohn
          • Letmathe
    		Bender, D.; Krimmelbein, M. & W; Altena (1994): Aktuelle Übersicht: Mineralien der Zinkhütte Genna/Sauerland. in Mineralien-Welt, 4, p.10
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Eifel
        • Andernach
          • Kruft
    		Brauns, R., Die Mineralien der Niederrheinischen Vulkangebiete, Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, 1922
          • Nickenich
    		Hentschel, G., Die Mineralien der basaltischen Gesteine im Laacher Vulkangebiet, Der Aufschluß, Heft 2, 1975
    Hentschel, G., Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane, Weise Verlag München, 1983
        • Bad Breisig
          • Brohl-Lützing (Niederlützingen)
    		Brauns, R., Die Mineralien der Niederrheinischen Vulkangebiete, Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, 1922
        • Daun
    		Hentschel, G., Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane, Weise Verlag München, 2. Auflage) 1987
          • Oberstadtfeld
    		Hentschel, G., Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane, Weise Verlag München (2. Auflage), 1987
          • Strohn
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
          • Üdersdorf
    		Schäfer, H., Die Mineralien der Einschlüsse und Auswürflinge in den Schlacken des Emmelberges bei Üdersdorf / Eifel, Der Aufschluss 30, 273-282, 1979
    Guth, G., Interessante Neufunde für den Basaltbruch Liley (Löley) bei Üdersdorf in der Westeifel Mineralien-Welt 2/2000
        • Gerolstein
          • Rockeskyll
            • Rockeskyll volcanic complex
    		Hentschel, G. (1987): Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane, Weise Verlag München
          • Roth
    		Blaß, G. & Schüller, W. (2012): Der Rother Kopf in der Vulkaneifel. Lapis, 37 (3), 20-29.
    Hentschel, G.(1987): Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane, Weise Verlag München, 2. Auflage
        • Hillesheim
    		Hentschel, G., Die Lavaströme der Graulai: eine neue Fundstelle in der Westeifel, Lapis, Weise Verlag München, 09/1993
          • Oberbettingen
    		Hentschel, G., Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane, Weise Verlag München, (2. Auflage), 1987
          • Walsdorf
    		Hentschel, G.(1987): Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane, Weise Verlag München, 2. Auflage
        • Kelberg
          • Drees
    		Schüller, W., Die Mineralien des Niveligsberges bei Drees in der Eifel, Der Aufschluß SB 33, 1990
        • Laach lake volcanic complex
          • Kruft
    		Blass, G., Graf, H.W., Kolitsch,U., Neue Funde aus der Vukaneifel, Mineralien-Welt 5/2003
          • Mendig
            • Niedermendig
    		Blass, G., Graf, H.W., Kolitsch,U., Neue Funde aus der Vukaneifel, Mineralien-Welt 5/2003
    Blass, G., Graf, H.W., Kolitsch,U., Neue Funde aus der Vukaneifel, Mineralien-Welt 5/2003
              • Wingertsberg
    		Blass, G., Graf, H.W., Kolitsch,U., Neue Funde aus der Vulkaneifel, Mineralien-Welt 5/2003
        • Manderscheid
          • Bettenfeld
    		S. Weiß: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
        • Mayen
          • Ettringen
            • Bellerberg volcano
    		Hentschel, G., Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane, Weise (München), 1983
          • Hochsimmer volcano
            • St Johann
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
        • Mendig
          • Bell
    		Hentschel, G., Die Mineralien der basaltischen Gesteine im Laacher Vulkangebiet, Der Aufschluß, Heft 2, 1975
          • Wingertsberg
    		collection C.&H. Schäfer
        • Niederzissen
          • Burgbrohl
    		Hentschel, G., Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane, Weise Verlag München, 1983
          • Wassenach
    		Hentschel, G., Die Mineralien der basaltischen Gesteine im Laacher Vulkangebiet, Der Aufschluß, Heft 2, 1975
        • Polch
          • Ochtendung
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    Lapis 1988(7+8), 70-72
        • Ulmen
          • Utzerath
    		S. Weiß: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    • Thuringia
      • Gera
        • Ronneburg U deposit
    		T. Witzke & F. Rüger: Lapis 1998(7/8), 26-64
      • Meiningen
    		Schüller, A. (1953): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 3(6), 472-494.
    Greece
     
    • Macedonia Department
      • Kozáni Prefecture
        • Kozáni and Grevena prefectures border area
          • Vourinos Mt ophiolite complex
    		No reference listed
    www.mineralogicalassociation.ca/doc/abstracts/cm5_Vol36_Oct98.pdf.
    Hungary
     
    • Nógrád Co.
      • Mátra Mts
        • Mátrakeresztes
    Italy
     
    • Aosta Valley
      • Bard
    		Ch. Wagner and D. Velde, Bull. Minéral. , 1985, 108, pp. 173-187.
    • Campania
      • Benevento Province
        • Cusano Mutri
    		Mondillo N., Balassone G., Boni M., Rollinson G. (2011): Karst bauxites in the Campania Apennines (southern Italy): a new approach. Per. Mineral., 80, 3, 407-432.
      • Naples Province
        • Somma-Vesuvius Complex
    		Russo, M., Punzo, I. (2004): I minerali del Somma-Vesuvio, AMI
    • Latium
      • Viterbo Province
    		"Giorgio Bortolozzi (visual identification)"
        • Piansano
    		Burli, M., Nizi, L., Pucci, R., Signoretti, E (2010): Mullite et Cordierite nella cava di Cellere (VT), Il Cercapietre , 1-2 / 2010, pp. 41-48
        • Vico Lake
    		No reference listed
    Parodi, G. C., Della Ventura, G., & Lorand, J. P. (1989). Mineralogy and petrology of an unusual osumilite+ vanadium-rich pseudobrookite assemblage in an ejectum from the Vico volcanic complex (Latium, Italy). American Mineralogist, 74(11-12), 1278-1284.
    Signoretti, E., Carlini, R., Mattei, L. (2004): Località minori del vulcano Vicano: Pian di S. Martino, Le Carcarelle, Torre del Quercio. Il Cercapietre, 1-2, articolo 3; http://www.gminromano.it/Cercapietre/rivista04/testo/04A04.html
    • Sardinia
      • Oristano Province
        • Mt. Arci
          • Marrubiu
    		- G.Conti-Vecchi, P. Stara,: (1991) "I Minerali della Sardegna" STEF S.p.A. Cagliari pp.176
    Bortolozi G. (1986) - Mullite e Pseudobrookite del M. Arci (Or) - Riv. Mineral. Ital. , Milano, Fasc. 3, pag. 136
      • Sassari Province
        • Anglona
    		"Giorgio Bortolozzi (visual identification)"
    • Sicily
      • Agrigento Province (Girgenti Province)
        • Pelagie Islands (Pelagian Islands)
          • Lampedusa (Lampedusa Island)
    		"Giorgio Bortolozzi (visual identification)"
      • Catania Province
        • Etna Volcanic Complex
          • Biancavilla
    		Gianfagna, A. & Oberti, R.(2001): Fluoro-edenite from Biancavilla (Catania, Sicily, Italy): crystal chemistry of a new amphibole end-member. American Mineralogist, 86, 1489-1493. - Sicurella, G., Ciriotti, M.E., Gianfagna, A., Mazziotti-Tagliani, S., Blass, G. (2010): Minerali di Monte Calvario, Biancavilla (Catania, Sicilia). Micro (località), 2/2010, 329-368.
    • Veneto
      • Padova Province
        • Euganei Hills
          • Vò
    		"Giorgio Bortolozzi (visual identification)"
      • Vicenza Province
        • Altissimo
    		Boscardin M.,Daleffe A.,Rocchetti I., Zordan A. (2011) " Minerali del Vicentino - Aggiornamenti, località e nuove determinazioni " Museo di Archeologia e Scienze Naturali “G. Zannato” – Montecchio Maggiore (Vicenza), pp.183
        • Selva di Trissino
    		Daleffe, A., Rigoni M., M.T. (2000): Pseudobrookite di Monte Faldo, Selva di
        • Trissino
          • Faldo Mt.
    		M. Boscardin (2002): " Presenze Mineralogiche significative nei Lessini Vicentini - Studi e Ricerche- Associazione Amici del Museo- Museo Civico "G. Zannato" Montecchio Maggiore (VI). 15 Dicembre 2002, pp. 49-56.
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Tohoku Region
        • Fukushima Prefecture
          • Mt Uzumine (Utsumine)
    		Nakajima & Kurosawa (2006), Canadian Mineralogist: 44: 40.
    Mexico
     
    • Durango
      • Mun. de Coneto de Comonfort
        • América-Sapioris District (Potrillos)
          • Sierra de San Francisco
            • Potrillos
    		Panczner(1987): 305.
      • Mun. de Durango
        • Cerro de los Remedios
          • Victoria de Durango
    		"Rock-magnetism and ore microscopy of the magnetite-apatite ore deposit from Cerro de Mercado, Mexico" Earth Planets Space, 53, 181–192, 2001
    • Guanajuato
      • Mun. de San Felipe
        • San Felipe
    		Panczner (1987): 305.
    New Zealand
     
    • North Island
      • Bay of Plenty
        • Rotorua
          • Mt Ngongotaha
    		Martin Stolworthy Collection
      • Northland
        • Kaipara
          • Aranga
    		Essence of Microscope
    • South Island
      • Nelson
        • Parapara
    		Challis, G. A., Grapes, R., & Palmer, K. (1995). Chromian muscovite, uvarovite, and zincian chromite; products of regional metasomatism in Northwest Nelson, New Zealand. The Canadian Mineralogist, 33(6), 1263-1284.
    Norway
     
    • Telemark
      • Bamble (Bamle)
        • Havredal (Hafredal)
          • Midtre Havredal
    		Brøgger, W.C. (1888): Om en norsk forekomst af pseudobrookit i store krystaller. Geol.Fören. Förhandl.Stockholm 10: 21-24; Smith, D.G.W. (1969): Contributions to the Mineralogy of Norway No.42. A reinvestigation of the pseudobrookite from Havredal (Bamble), Norway. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift: 49: 284-288.
    Poland
     
    • Lower Silesia (Dolnośląskie)
      • Kłodzko District
        • Nowa Ruda (Neurode)
          • Przygórze
    		Kruszewski, Ł., Ciesielczuk, J., Misz-Kennan, M., 2014: Mineralogy of some metacarbonate rocks from burned coal-mining dump in Przygórze (Lower Silesian Coal Basin) and its analogy to "olive" rocks from the Hatrurim Formation. Proceedings of the International Symposium CEMC 2014, Skalský Dvůr, April 23-26th, 26-27
    Portugal
     
    • Faro District
      • Loulé
    		Pedro Alves collection
    Romania
     
    • Covasna Co.
    		Szakáll, S. & Kristály, F., Eds. (2010): Mineralogy of Székelyland, Eastern Transylvania, Romania. Csík County Nature and Conservation Society, Miercurea-Ciuc, Romania, 321 pp.
    • Hunedoara Co.
      • Simeria
    		Koch, 1878; König et al., 2001; Bojar, H.-P. & Walter, F. (2006): Fluoro-magnesiohastingsite from Dealul Uroi (Hunedoara county, Romania): mineral structure of a new amphibole end-member. European Journal of Mineralogy, 18, 503-508.
    Russia
     
    • Eastern-Siberian Region
      • Transbaikalia (Zabaykalye)
        • Chitinskaya Oblast'
    		Victor V. Sharygin analytycal data (2012)
    • Far-Eastern Region
      • Kamchatka Oblast'
        • Tolbachik volcano
          • Great Fissure eruption (Main Fracture)
            • Northern Breakthrough (North Breach)
              • Second scoria cone
    		Pekov, I. V., Zelenski, M. E., Zubkova, N. V., Yapaskurt, V. O., Chukanov, N. V., Belakovskiy, D. I., & Pushcharovsky, D. Y. (2012). Calciolangbeinite, K2Ca2 (SO4) 3, a new mineral from the Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Russia. Mineralogical Magazine, 76(3), 673-682.
    • Northern Region
      • Murmanskaja Oblast'
        • Kola Peninsula
    • Urals Region
      • Southern Urals
        • Chelyabinsk Oblast'
    		Cesnokov, B., Kotrly, M. and Nisanbajev, T. (1998): Brennende Abraumhalden und Aufschlüsse im Tscheljabinsker Kohlenbecken - eine reiche Mineralienküche. Mineralien-Welt, 9 (3), 54-63 (in German).
    Slovakia
     
    • Prešov Region
      • Vranov nad Topľou Co.
    		Ďuďa,R., et al., 1981: Mineralógia severnej časti Slanských vrchov. Min.Slovaca, Monografia 2, 98s
    South Africa
     
    • Limpopo Province
    		Minerals of South Africa
    Spain
     
    • Aragón
      • Huesca
        • Estopiñán del Castillo
    		B. Azambre et al. , Bull. Minéral; , 1987, 110, pp. 379-396.
        • Sopeira
    		B. Azambre et al. , Bull. Minéral; , 1987, 110, pp. 379-396.
    • Canary Islands
      • Las Palmas Province
        • Gran Canaria (Grand Canary)
          • Las Palmas de Gran Canaria
    		Alex Hansen Machín (2009). Volcanología y geomorfología de la etapa de rejuvenecimiento plio-pleistocena de Gran Canaria (Islas Canarias). Tesis doctoral. Personally collected in January 2013
    • Cantabria
      • Santander
    		B. Azambre et al. , Bull. Minéral; , 1987, 110, pp. 379-396.
    • Castile-La Mancha
      • Albacete
        • Hellín
          • Cancarix
    		E. Salvioli-mariani et al. , Eur. J. Mineral. , 1996, 8, pp. 1027-1039.
    • Murcia
      • Cartagena
        • La Aljorra
    		Sevillano, G. C., Viñals,J., Rebollar, M.C (2009): Minerales de las Vesículas de las Rocas Lamproíticas del afloramiento de La Aljorra (Murcia). Macla (11), 43-44
      • Jumilla
        • La Celia
    		- Lewis,W.J. (1883) Mineralogische Notizen 1. Pseudobrookit - Zeitschrift für Kristallographie und Mineralogie,7, 181-182
    Tanzania
     
    • Dodoma Region
      • Kongwa District
        • Kongwa
    		Mineralogical Magazine 1963 33 : 635-645
    UK
     
    • Scotland
      • Strathclyde
        • Isle of Mull
          • Loch Scridain
    		J.Ralph 2007
    Am Min 50:1982-2022
    USA
     
    • Arizona
        • Big Lue Mountains (Big Laue Mountain)
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 402.
      • Pima Co.
        • Ajo District
          • Little Ajo Mts
            • Ajo area
              • Batamote Mts
    		Data provided by Janet Clifford, Cleveland Micromineral Symposium
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 336.
      • Pinal Co.
        • Dripping Spring Mts
          • Saddle Mountain District
            • Winkelman area
              • Saddle Mountain area
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 336, 376, 399; White, Jr., J.S. (1992), An occurrence of bixbyite, spessartine, topaz and pseudobrookite from Ash Creek near Hayden, AZ, Min.Rec.: 23: 487-492.
        • Hayden
    		Mineralogical Record 23:487-492
    • Arkansas
    		Jay Ellis Ransom,1974, Gems and Minerals of America
    • California
      • Kern Co.
        • Kramer District (Kramer Borate District)
          • Boron
    		Morgan, V. and Erd, R.C. (1969) Minerals of the Kramer borate district, California California Division of Mines and Geology Mineral Information Service: 22(9): 165-166; Carnahan, V. (1970), Notes on some minerals from Boron: Bulletin of the Mineralogical Society of Southern California, November: 10; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 174.
      • Los Angeles Co.
        • Santa Monica Mts
          • Agoura Hills
    		R. Housley, pers.comm., SEM-EDS verified, 2014
      • Ventura Co.
        • Santa Monica Mts
          • Thousand Oaks
    		DeVito, A. N. (1992), Brookite and stilbite in the Santa Monica Mountains. Bull. Min. Soc. So. Calif.: 62(2) (Feb 1992): 7.
    • Colorado
      • Chaffee Co.
        • Nathrop
    		("Minerals of Colorado, updated & revised", by Eckel, Edwin B., 1997); USGS Bull 1716C
      • Eagle Co.
        • Gore Mts
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
      • Larimer Co.
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
      • Park Co.
    		AmMin 84:754-763
    • Hawaii
      • Kauai Co.
    		AmMin 69:57
    • Montana
      • Garfield Co.
    		www.minsocam.org/msa/Handbook/Davanite.PDF.
    • Nevada
      • Lander Co.
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada; Fries, Carl, Jr., Tin deposits of northern Lander County, Nevada. USGS Bulletin 931-L, p. 279-294, illus., 1942.
    USGS Bulletin 931-1; Tin Deposits of Northern Lander County Nevada
      • White Pine Co.
        • Robinson District
    		Tony Nikischer specimen
    • New Hampshire
      • Grafton Co.
    		Rice, Jack M., Dickey, John S. Jr., and Lyons, John B. (1971): Skeletal Crystallization of Pseudobrookite (American Mineralogist 56:158-162.)
    • New Mexico
      • Catron Co.
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
        • Taylor Creek District
          • Sawmill Creek
    		NMGS 37th Field Conference
    Min.Rec.: 20(5):404.
      • Grant Co.
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    Ronald Gibbs, Microminerals from the Big Lue Mountains, 13th Annual New Mexico Mineral Symposium, November 14-15, 1992
      • Sierra Co.
    		Ron Gibbs
    Min Rec 16:2 p145
    Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
        • Hillsboro District
          • Hillsboro
    		Steve Stuart collection- from giveaway tables at 2013 Arthur Roe Micromineral Symposium
    Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd Rev. Ed., 1996
    Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
        • Paramount Canyon
    		Min Rec 16:2 p137; New Mexico rocks & minerals: the collecting guide (including maps) By Frank S. Kimbler, Robert J. Narsavage
    Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd Rev. Ed., 1996
    Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed. Min Rec, Vol. 20, No. 1, p. 60
      • Taos Co.
        • No Agua District
    		Ramon DeMark and Jessie Kline, New Mexico Mineral Symposium, November 2000
    NMBMMR New Mexico Mineral symposium (2000) p.11
    • Oregon
      • Douglas Co.
        • Diamond Lake
    		K. Starnes, personal ID, 1992
    Mineralogical Record Vol 16 Num 2
    Don Howard and Kent England Micro Probe Vol. X No. 8 page 3
      • Klamath Co.
    		Kleck. W. D. (1970): Cavity Minerals At Summit Rock. American Mineralogist. 55, 1396-1404
    • Utah
      • Beaver Co.
        • Wah Wah Mts
    		Min Rec 10:5 pp261-278
      • Juab Co.
    		No reference listed
    Mineralogical Record, March/April 1995, page 126
    Microprobe 7:9 pp 12-14
    Min Rec 10:5 pp261-278; Bowling, R. (2011) Topaz from Utsh's Maynard Mine Extra Lapis English 14:22-25
    Grüll, M. (2014): Weltklasse: Bixbyite aus Utah/USA. Lapis 39 (9), 40-45.
    Personally collected by Dr. Scott Campbell.
    Rick Dalrymple Collection
    UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
    J. Holfert, W. Mroch, J. Fuller (1996) A Field Guide to Topaz and Associated Minerals of the Thomas Range, Utah (Topaz Mountain) Vol I HM Publishing 103pp
      • Millard Co.
    		Personally Collected by Dr. Scott Campbell.
      • Piute Co.
    		Mineralogical Magazine 1998 62 : 265-269
        • Tushar Mts
          • Marysvale area
    		Steve Rust collection
    • Wisconsin
      • Marathon Co.
        • Wausau Intrusive Complex
          • Nine Mile pluton
    		Buchholz, T.W., Falster, A.U., and Simmons, WmB. (2007) 34th Rochester Mineralogical Symposium, Contributed Papers.
    Mineral and/or Locality  
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