Pumpellyite-(Fe2+)
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About Pumpellyite-(Fe2+)
Formula:
Ca2Fe2+Al2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH)
Colour:
Greenish black
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named for its relationship to the the members of the pumpellyite group. The suffix was added in 1973 during a redefinition of the species.
Raphael Pumpelly [September 8, 1837 Owego, New York, USA – August 10, 1923 Newport, Rhode Island, USA] was an active mining consultant and was professor of Mining Science at Harvard University. He was appointed director of the New England branch of the United States Geological Survey in 1884.
Raphael Pumpelly [September 8, 1837 Owego, New York, USA – August 10, 1923 Newport, Rhode Island, USA] was an active mining consultant and was professor of Mining Science at Harvard University. He was appointed director of the New England branch of the United States Geological Survey in 1884.
Classification of Pumpellyite-(Fe2+)
Approved
8/C.24-40
9.BG.20
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
B : Sorosilicates
G : Sorosilicates with mixed SiO4 and Si2O7 groups; cations in octahedral [6] and greater coordination
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
B : Sorosilicates
G : Sorosilicates with mixed SiO4 and Si2O7 groups; cations in octahedral [6] and greater coordination
58.2.2.5
58 : SOROSILICATES Insular, Mixed, Single, and Larger Tetrahedral Groups
2 : Insular, Mixed, Single, and Larger Tetrahedral Groups with cations in [6] and higher coordination; single and double groups (n = 1, 2)
58 : SOROSILICATES Insular, Mixed, Single, and Larger Tetrahedral Groups
2 : Insular, Mixed, Single, and Larger Tetrahedral Groups with cations in [6] and higher coordination; single and double groups (n = 1, 2)
16.21.8
16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
21 : Aluminosilicates of Fe and Ca
16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
21 : Aluminosilicates of Fe and Ca
Physical Properties of Pumpellyite-(Fe2+)
Colour:
Greenish black
Chemical Properties of Pumpellyite-(Fe2+)
Formula:
Ca2Fe2+Al2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH)
IMA Formula:
Ca2Fe2+Al2(Si2O7)(SiO4)(OH,O)2 · H2O
Crystallography of Pumpellyite-(Fe2+)
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0007761 | Pumpellyite-(Fe2+) | Artioli G, Geiger C A (1994) The crystal chemistry of pumpellyite: An X-ray Rietveld refinement and 57Fe Mossbauer study Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 20 443-453 | 1994 | Torrente Bulla, Italy | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
Type Occurrence of Pumpellyite-(Fe2+)
Synonyms of Pumpellyite-(Fe2+)
Pumpellyite (in part)
Pumpellyite-(Fe) (in part)
Other Language Names for Pumpellyite-(Fe2+)
Russian:Пумпеллиит-Fe2+
Relationship of Pumpellyite-(Fe2+) to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Julgoldite-(Fe2+) | Ca2Fe2+Fe3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH) | Mon. |
Julgoldite-(Fe3+) | Ca2Fe3+Fe3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2O | Mon. |
Julgoldite-(Mg) | Ca2MgFe3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH) | Mon. |
Okhotskite | Ca2Mn2+Mn3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH) | Mon. |
Poppiite | Ca2V3+V3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Pumpellyite-(Al) | Ca2AlAl2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2O | Mon. |
Pumpellyite-(Fe3+) | Ca2Fe3+Al2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2O | Mon. |
Pumpellyite-(Mg) | Ca2MgAl2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH) | Mon. |
Pumpellyite-(Mn2+) | Ca2Mn2+Al2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH) | Mon. |
Shuiskite-(Cr) | Ca2Cr3+Cr3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Shuiskite-(Mg) | Ca2MgCr3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH) | Mon. |
Forms a series with:
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
9 photos of Pumpellyite-(Fe2+) associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
8 photos of Pumpellyite-(Fe2+) associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
6 photos of Pumpellyite-(Fe2+) associated with Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22OH2 |
6 photos of Pumpellyite-(Fe2+) associated with Epidote | {Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
5 photos of Pumpellyite-(Fe2+) associated with Oligoclase | (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
5 photos of Pumpellyite-(Fe2+) associated with Clinozoisite-Epidote Series | |
3 photos of Pumpellyite-(Fe2+) associated with Byssolite | AX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
3 photos of Pumpellyite-(Fe2+) associated with Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
2 photos of Pumpellyite-(Fe2+) associated with Feldspar Group | |
2 photos of Pumpellyite-(Fe2+) associated with Hematite | Fe2O3 |
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping
9.BG. | Shuiskite-(Cr) | Ca2Cr3+Cr3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
9.BG. | Alnaperbøeite-(Ce) | Ca(Ce2.5Na0.5)(AlAl2Al)[Si2O7][SiO4]3O(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
9.BG. | Magnesiovesuvianite | Ca19MgAl4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10](OH)(OH)9 | Tet. 4/m : P4/n |
9.BG. | Alumovesuvianite | Ca19AlAl4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 | Tet. 4/m : P4/n |
9.BG.05b | Allanite-(Ce) | {CaCe}{Al2Fe2+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
9.BG.05b | Allanite-(La) | {CaLa}{Al2Fe2+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
9.BG.05b | Allanite-(Y) | {CaY}{Al2Fe2+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) | Mon. |
9.BG.05a | Clinozoisite | {Ca2}{Al3}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
9.BG.05b | Dissakisite-(Ce) | {CaCe}{Al2Mg}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
9.BG.05 | Dollaseite-(Ce) | {CaCe}{MgAlMg}(Si2O7)(SiO4)F(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
9.BG.05a | Epidote | {Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
9.BG.05a | Hancockite | {CaPb}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) | Mon. |
9.BG.05 | Khristovite-(Ce) | {CaCe}{MgAlMn2+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)F(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
9.BG.05a | Mukhinite | {Ca2}{Al2V3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) | Mon. |
9.BG.05a | Piemontite | {Ca2}{Al2Mn3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
9.BG.05 | Piemontite-(Sr) | {CaSr}{Al2Mn3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) | Mon. |
9.BG.05b | Manganiandrosite-(La) | {Mn2+La}{Mn3+AlMn2+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) | Mon. |
9.BG.05 | Tawmawite | {Ca2}{(Al,Fe3+,Cr)3}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) | |
9.BG.05 | Tweddillite | {CaSr}{Mn3+AlMn3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
9.BG.05b | Ferriallanite-(Ce) | {CaCe}{Fe3+AlFe2+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
9.BG.05 | Niigataite | {CaSr}{Al3}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) | Mon. 2/m |
9.BG.05 | Manganiandrosite-(Ce) | {Mn2+Ce}{Mn3+AlMn2+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
9.BG.05 | Dissakisite-(La) | {CaLa}{Al2Mg}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
9.BG.05 | Vanadoandrosite-(Ce) | {Mn2+Ce}{V3+AlMn2+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
9.BG.05 | Uedaite-(Ce) | {Mn2+Ce}{Al2Fe2+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
9.BG.05a | Epidote-(Sr) | {CaSr}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
9.BG.05b | Allanite-(Nd) | {CaNd}{Al2Fe2+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
9.BG.05b | Ferriallanite-(La) | {CaLa}{Fe3+AlFe2+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
9.BG.05b | Åskagenite-(Nd) | {Mn2+Nd}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
9.BG.9.BG. | Ferriakasakaite-(La) | {CaLa}{Fe3+AlMn2+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
9.BG.9.BG. | Ferriandrosite-(Ce) | {Mn2+Ce}{Fe3+AlMn2+}(SiO4)(Si2O7)O(OH) | |
9.BG.9.BG | Ferriperbøeite-(Ce) | CaCe3(Fe3+Al2Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]3O(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
9.BG.10 | Zoisite | Ca2Al3[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH) | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma |
9.BG.15 | Macfallite | Ca2Mn3+3(SiO4)(Si2O7)(OH)3 | Mon. |
9.BG.15 | Sursassite | Mn2+2Al3(SiO4)(Si2O7)(OH)3 | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
9.BG.20 | Julgoldite-(Fe2+) | Ca2Fe2+Fe3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH) | Mon. |
9.BG.20 | Okhotskite | Ca2Mn2+Mn3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH) | Mon. |
9.BG.20 | Pumpellyite-(Fe3+) | Ca2Fe3+Al2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2O | Mon. |
9.BG.20 | Pumpellyite-(Mg) | Ca2MgAl2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH) | Mon. |
9.BG.20 | Pumpellyite-(Mn2+) | Ca2Mn2+Al2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH) | Mon. |
9.BG.20 | Shuiskite-(Mg) | Ca2MgCr3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH) | Mon. |
9.BG.20 | Julgoldite-(Fe3+) | Ca2Fe3+Fe3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2O | Mon. |
9.BG.20 | Pumpellyite-(Al) | Ca2AlAl2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2O | Mon. |
9.BG.20 | Poppiite | Ca2V3+V3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
9.BG.20 | Julgoldite-(Mg) | Ca2MgFe3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH) | Mon. |
9.BG.25 | Ganomalite | Pb9Ca5Mn(Si2O7)4(SiO4)O | Hex. |
9.BG.30 | Rustumite | Ca10(Si2O7)2(SiO4)(OH)2Cl2 | Mon. |
9.BG.35 | Vesuvianite | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/nnc |
9.BG.35 | Wiluite | Ca19MgAl4(Al,Mg)8(B,◻)4◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(O,OH)9 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/nnc |
9.BG.35 | Manganvesuvianite | Ca19Mn3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 | Tet. 4/m : P4/n |
9.BG.35 | Fluorvesuvianite | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(F,OH)9 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) |
9.BG.35 | Cyprine | Ca19Cu2+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10](OH)(OH)9 | Tet. 4/m : P4/n |
9.BG.40 | Vyuntspakhkite-(Y) | (Y,Yb)4Al2.5-1.5(Si,Al)1.5-2.5(SiO4)4O(OH)7 | Mon. |
9.BG.45 | Dellaite | Ca6Si3O11(OH)2 | Tric. |
9.BG.50 | Gatelite-(Ce) | CaCe3(AlAl2Mg)[Si2O7][SiO4]3O(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
9.BG.55 | Västmanlandite-(Ce) | CaCe3(MgAl2Mg)[Si2O7][SiO4]3F(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
Related Minerals - Dana Grouping (8th Ed.)
58.2.2.1 | Julgoldite-(Fe2+) | Ca2Fe2+Fe3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH) | Mon. |
58.2.2.2 | Julgoldite-(Fe3+) | Ca2Fe3+Fe3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2O | Mon. |
58.2.2.3 | Okhotskite-(Mg) | Ca8(Mn2+,Mg)(Mn3+,Al,Fe3+)(SiO4)(Si2O7)(OH)2 · H2O | Mon. |
58.2.2.3 | Epidote-(Sr) | {CaSr}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
58.2.2.6 | Pumpellyite-(Fe3+) | Ca2Fe3+Al2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2O | Mon. |
58.2.2.7 | Pumpellyite-(Mg) | Ca2MgAl2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH) | Mon. |
58.2.2.8 | Pumpellyite-(Mn2+) | Ca2Mn2+Al2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH) | Mon. |
58.2.2.9 | Shuiskite-(Mg) | Ca2MgCr3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH) | Mon. |
Related Minerals - Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals Grouping
16.21.1 | Esseneite | CaFe3+[AlSiO6] | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
16.21.2 | Epidote | {Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
16.21.3 | Ferro-tschermakite | ◻{Ca2}{Fe2+3Al2}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
16.21.4 | Ferro-aluminotschermakite | ◻{Ca2}{Fe2+3Al2}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2 | Mon. |
16.21.5 | Ferri-tschermakite | ◻{Ca2}{Mg3Fe3+2}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2 | Mon. |
16.21.6 | Ferro-ferri-tschermakite | ◻{Ca2}{Fe2+3Fe3+2}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2 | Mon. |
16.21.7 | Alumino-ferro-hornblende | ◻{Ca2}{Fe2+4Al}(AlSi7O22)(OH)2 | |
16.21.8 | Pumpellyite-(Fe3+) | Ca2Fe3+Al2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2O | Mon. |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
References for Pumpellyite-(Fe2+)
Reference List:
Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)
Zolotukhin, V.V., Vasil'yev, Y.R., Zyuzin, N.I. (1965) Iron-rich pumpellyite from the Noril'sk district and a new diagram from pumpellyites. Doklady Acad. Nauk SSSR: 165: 1156-1159. (in Russian)
Passaglia, E., Gottardi, G. (1973) Crystal chemistry and nomenclature of pumpellyites and julgoldites. The Canadian Mineralogist: 12: 219-223.
Fleischer, M., Pabst, A., Mandarino, J.A., Chao, G.Y., Cabri, L.J. (1976) New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 61: 174-186.
Dunn, P.J., Fleischer, M., Chao, G.Y., Cabri, L.J., Mandarino, J.A. (1983) New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 68: 1248-1252.
Internet Links for Pumpellyite-(Fe2+)
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3307.html
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External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
Localities for Pumpellyite-(Fe2+)
Locality List




All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Austria | |
| G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995 |
| G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995 |
G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995 | |
Belgium | |
| Hatert, F. (1998) Données nouvelles sur la laumontite de la zone métamorphique de Libramont, Belgique. Geologica Belgica, 1, 3-7.; Hatert, F., Deliens, M., Fransolet, A.-M., Van Der Meersche, E. (2002) Les minéraux de Belgique. 2ème édition, Muséum des Sciences Naturelles, Bruxelles, Belgium, 304 pages (in French). |
Dehove, J. (2006): Les minéraux de la Carrière de la Flèche, Bertrix, province du Luxembourg, Belgique. Magazine du 4M, 27(261), 7-11. | |
Germany | |
| PETITJEAN collection |
| Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001 |
| Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001 |
India | |
| Wise and Moller (1990) Occurrence of Ca-Fe silicate minerals with zeolites in basalt cavities at Bombay, India. European Journal of Mineralogy, v. 2, pp. 875-883. |
Italy | |
| Adorni F., Guelfi F. (1997) - La miniera di Fe e Cu di Corchia, Berceto, Appennino Parmense. - Riv. Min. It. N 3, 217-250. |
| Bedognè, F., Montrasio, A., Sciesa, E. (2006). I minerali della medio-alta Valtellina, delle Orobie valtellinesi e della val Poschiavo. Aggiornamenti sulle altre località della provincia di Sondrio. Tip. Bettini, Sondrio, 255 pp. |
| Grill, E. (1935): I minerali del granito di Baveno, la fayalite. Periodico di Mineralogia, 129-133. - Gallitelli, P. (1936): Le miche del granito di Baveno. . Periodico di Mineralogia, 61-76 - Pagliani, G. (1948): Le Zeoliti del granito di Baveno. Periodico di Mineralogia, 175-188. - Ravagnani, D. (1974): I giacimenti uraniferi italiani - Gruppo Mineralogico Lombardo - Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, Ed., Milano, 188 pp. - min. Rec. 14 (3), 157-168 - Am. Min. 83, 1330-1334 (1998) - Am. Min. 84, 782-789 (1999). - Guastoni, A. & Pezzotta, F. (2004): Kristiansenite a Baveno, second ritrovamento Mondiale della specie. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 4/2004, 247-251. - Guastoni, A., Demartin, F., Pezzotta, F. (2004): Sekaninaite delle pegmatiti granitiche di Feriolo e Baveno (VB). Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, 145, 59-68. - Mineralogist americano (2005) 90, 1442-1452. |
American Mineralogist, 84(5-6), 782-789 | |
| Billows, E. (1941): I minerali della Sardegna ed i loro giacimenti. Sardegna Mineraria, Istituto per gli studi Sardi, Regia Università di Cagliari. |
| Astolfi M., Preite, D., Rizzo R., Stara P. (1999): Mineralien aus dem Granit von San Priamo, Sardinien |
| Venzo, Z., Bittarello, E., Canal, A., Ciriotti, M.E., Gasparetto, P., Pegoraro, S., Toffolo, L., Tosato, F. (2017): La Cava di granito "Grisotto" in località Pralongo, Valle del Vanoi, Canal San Bovo. Trento. Micro, 15, 1-2017, 44-62. |
Japan | |
| Matsubara et al (1992) Koubutsu-Gakkai Kou'en-Youshi, 161. |
| Sameshima, Teruhiko; Ono, Susumu (1994) Ferroaxinite and datolite from Mt. Nio, Shizuoka city, central Japan. Geosci.Repts.Shizuoka Univ.,20 (Mar.,1994),1−4 |
| Alfredo Petrov - unpublished document (2007) |
North Macedonia | |
| Altherr, R., Soder, C., Meyer, H.-P., Ludwig, T., Böhm, M. (2017): Ardennite within a high-P/T metamorphic conglomerate near Vitoliste in the westernmost Vardar zone, Republic of Macedonia. European Journal of Mineralogy, 29, (in press). |
Portugal | |
| Pimentel, Ricardo; Nunes, Rui; De Ascenção Guedes, Roger; Meisser, Nicolas; Martaud, Alain (2009): Minéralogie de la Carrière de Montijos, Portugal. Le Règne Minéral, 87, 13-27. |
Russia | |
| Karpenko V., Ignatenko K. Babingtonite form the Pervomaiskii quarry in the Crimea // Novye dannye o mineralakh (New Data on Minerals), 1991, #37, 58 - 63 (in Russ.) Getling R.V. Datolith of the Bodrak area in the Crimea and some features of his genesis // ZVMO, 1960, vol. 89, #1, 102 - 106 (in Russ.) |
| Dokl. Akad. Nauk. U.S.S.R., Earth. Sci. 165 136-139. |
Slovakia | |
| Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p |
Spain | |
| Joan Rosell |
UK | |
| [BMS] |
| BMS Database |
USA | |
| Tsujimori, Tatsuki, Liou, Juhn G., and Coleman, Robert G., 2007, Finding of High-Grade Tectonic Blocks from the New Idria Serpentinite Body, Diablo Range, California: Petrologic Constraints on the Tectonic Evolution of a Tectonic Diapir, Geolgical Society of America Special Paperr 419, p. 67-80. |
| King, V. and Foord, E., 1994, Mineralogy of Maine, v. 1. |
| ef.: Dana 7:I:320; Rocks & Min.: 62:403-404. King & Foord, 1994: Mineralogy of Maine, V 1, p.281 |
| Jan H.Bernard and Jaroslav Hyrsl,2004, Minerals and their Localities,pg # 486 |
Los Arenales quarry, Mt. La Rocha de Piquer, Torás, Castellón, Valencian Community, Spain