Pyrobelonite
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About Pyrobelonite
Formula:
PbMn2+(VO4)(OH)
Colour:
Red, dark red
Lustre:
Adamantine, Sub-Adamantine
Hardness:
3½
Specific Gravity:
5.58 - 5.79
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Member of:
Name:
Named by Gustav Flink in 1919 from the Greek πυρ for "fire" and βελόνη for "needle," in allusion to its colour and the acicular habit of its crystals.
Type Locality:
Isostructural with:
Classification of Pyrobelonite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
7/B.27-50
8.BH.40
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H2O
H : With medium-sized and large cations, (OH,etc.):RO4 = 1:1
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H2O
H : With medium-sized and large cations, (OH,etc.):RO4 = 1:1
41.5.2.3
41 : ANHYDROUS PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
5 : (AB)2(XO4)Zq
41 : ANHYDROUS PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
5 : (AB)2(XO4)Zq
21.4.17
21 : Vanadates (and vanadates with arsenate or phosphate)
4 : Vanadates of U, Mn, Fe or Ni
21 : Vanadates (and vanadates with arsenate or phosphate)
4 : Vanadates of U, Mn, Fe or Ni
Pronounciation of Pyrobelonite
Pronounciation:
Play | Recorded by | Country |
---|---|---|
Jolyon & Katya Ralph | United Kingdom |
Physical Properties of Pyrobelonite
Adamantine, Sub-Adamantine
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Red, dark red
Streak:
Orange-yellow, red-orange
Hardness:
3½ on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
None Observed
Fracture:
Conchoidal
Density:
5.58 - 5.79 g/cm3 (Measured) 5.82 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Pyrobelonite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 2.320 nβ = 2.360 nγ = 2.370
2V:
Measured: 29° , Calculated: 52°
Birefringence:
0.05
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.050

Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Very High
Type:
Anisotropic
Anisotropism:
Strong
Bireflectance:
Visible
Dispersion:
none
Optical Extinction:
Parallel, XYZ = acb
Colour in reflected light:
Gray with red to orange internal glints
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
shades of red-brown.
Chemical Properties of Pyrobelonite
Formula:
PbMn2+(VO4)(OH)
IMA Formula:
PbMn2+VO4(OH)
Crystallography of Pyrobelonite
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Space Group:
Pnma
Setting:
Pnma
Cell Parameters:
a = 7.62 Å, b = 6.17 Å, c = 9.47 Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.235 : 1 : 1.535
Unit Cell V:
445.24 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Acicular [001] or acute pyramidal; blocky.
Comment:
Given as Pnam. Kolitsch (2001) gives the following parameters for a practically pure sample: a = 7.646(2), b = 6.179(1), c = 9.507(2) Å.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
5.14 Å | (70) |
4.27 Å | (40) |
3.672 Å | (65) |
3.24 Å | (100) |
2.914 Å | (50) |
2.635 Å | (70) |
2.323 Å | (70) |
1.667 Å | (65) |
Comments:
ICDD 20-588
Type Occurrence of Pyrobelonite
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Other Language Names for Pyrobelonite
German:Pyrobelonit
Russian:Пиробелонит
Simplified Chinese:钒锰铅矿
Spanish:Pirobelonita
Traditional Chinese:釩錳鉛礦
Relationship of Pyrobelonite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Adelite | CaMg(AsO4)(OH) | Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21 |
Arsendescloizite | PbZn(AsO4)(OH) | Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21 |
Austinite | CaZn(AsO4)(OH) | Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21 |
Čechite | PbFe2+(VO4)(OH) | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
Cobaltaustinite | CaCo(AsO4)(OH) | Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21 |
Conichalcite | CaCu(AsO4)(OH) | Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21 |
Descloizite | PbZn(VO4)(OH) | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma |
Duftite | PbCu(AsO4)(OH) | Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21 |
Duftite-alpha | PbCu(AsO4)(OH) | |
Gabrielsonite | PbFe3+(As3+O3)O | Orth. mm2 : Pmc21 |
Gottlobite | CaMg(VO4,AsO4)(OH) | Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21 |
Hermannroseite | CaCu(PO4)(OH) | Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21 |
Mottramite | PbCu(VO4)(OH) | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma |
Nickelaustinite | CaNi(AsO4)(OH) | Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21 |
Tangeite | CaCu(VO4)(OH) | Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21 |
Vuagnatite | CaAl(SiO4)(OH) | Orth. |
Common Associates
Axinite-(Mn) | Ca2Mn2+Al2BSi4O15(OH) |
Cahnite | Ca2[B(OH)4](AsO4) |
Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
Manganese Oxides | A review on these minerals has been published by Post (1999). |
Manganoan Calcite | (Ca,Mn)CO3 |
Vanadinite | Pb5(VO4)3Cl |
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
3 photos of Pyrobelonite associated with Beudantite | PbFe3(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6 |
3 photos of Pyrobelonite associated with Phosgenite | Pb2CO3Cl2 |
2 photos of Pyrobelonite associated with Copper | Cu |
1 photo of Pyrobelonite associated with Magnussonite | Mn10As6O18(OH,Cl)2 |
1 photo of Pyrobelonite associated with Shigaite | Mn6Al3(OH)18[Na(H2O)6](SO4)2 · 6H2O |
1 photo of Pyrobelonite associated with Braunite | Mn2+Mn3+6(SiO4)O8 |
1 photo of Pyrobelonite associated with Manganite | Mn3+O(OH) |
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping
8.BH.05 | Thadeuite | Ca(Mg,Fe2+)3(PO4)2(OH,F)2 | Orth. 2 2 2 : C2 2 21 |
8.BH.10 | Durangite | NaAl(AsO4)F | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
8.BH.10 | Isokite | CaMg(PO4)F | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
8.BH.10 | Lacroixite | NaAl(PO4)F | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
8.BH.10 | Maxwellite | NaFe3+(AsO4)F | Mon. |
8.BH.10 | Panasqueiraite | CaMg(PO4)(OH,F) | Mon. |
8.BH.10 | Tilasite | CaMg(AsO4)F | Mon. m : Bb |
8.BH.15 | Drugmanite | Pb2(Fe3+,Al)(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
8.BH.20 | Bjarebyite | (Ba,Sr)(Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg)2Al2(PO4)3(OH)3 | Mon. |
8.BH.20 | Cirrolite | Ca3Al2(PO4)3(OH)3 (?) | |
8.BH.20 | Kulanite | Ba(Fe2+,Mn2+,Mg)2(Al,Fe3+)2(PO4)3(OH)3 | Mon. |
8.BH.20 | Penikisite | Ba(Mg,Fe2+,Ca)2Al2(PO4)3(OH)3 | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
8.BH.20 | Perloffite | Ba(Mn2+,Fe2+)2Fe3+2(PO4)3(OH)3 | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
8.BH.20 | Johntomaite | BaFe2+2Fe3+2(PO4)3(OH)3 | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
8.BH.25 | Bertossaite | (Li,Na)2(Ca,Fe2+,Mn2+)Al4(PO4)4(OH,F)4 | Orth. |
8.BH.25 | Palermoite | (Li,Na)2(Sr,Ca)Al4(PO4)4(OH)4 | Orth. |
8.BH.30 | Carminite | PbFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cccm |
8.BH.30 | Sewardite | CaFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cccm |
8.BH.35 | Adelite | CaMg(AsO4)(OH) | Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21 |
8.BH.35 | Arsendescloizite | PbZn(AsO4)(OH) | Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21 |
8.BH.35 | Austinite | CaZn(AsO4)(OH) | Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21 |
8.BH.35 | Cobaltaustinite | CaCo(AsO4)(OH) | Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21 |
8.BH.35 | Conichalcite | CaCu(AsO4)(OH) | Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21 |
8.BH.35 | Duftite | PbCu(AsO4)(OH) | Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21 |
8.BH.35 | Gabrielsonite | PbFe3+(As3+O3)O | Orth. mm2 : Pmc21 |
8.BH.35 | Nickelaustinite | CaNi(AsO4)(OH) | Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21 |
8.BH.35 | Tangeite | CaCu(VO4)(OH) | Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21 |
8.BH.35 | Gottlobite | CaMg(VO4,AsO4)(OH) | Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21 |
8.BH.35 | Hermannroseite | CaCu(PO4)(OH) | Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21 |
8.BH.40 | Čechite | PbFe2+(VO4)(OH) | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
8.BH.40 | Descloizite | PbZn(VO4)(OH) | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma |
8.BH.40 | Mottramite | PbCu(VO4)(OH) | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma |
8.BH.45 | Bayldonite | PbCu3(AsO4)2(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
8.BH.45 | Vésigniéite | BaCu3(VO4)2(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
8.BH.50 | Paganoite | NiBi(AsO4)O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
8.BH.55 | Jagowerite | BaAl2(PO4)2(OH)2 | Tric. |
8.BH.60 | Attakolite | (Ca,Sr)Mn(Al,Fe)4(HPO4,PO4)3(SiO4,PO4)(OH)4 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
8.BH.65 | Leningradite | PbCu3(VO4)2Cl | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Ibam |
Related Minerals - Dana Grouping (8th Ed.)
41.5.2.1 | Descloizite | PbZn(VO4)(OH) | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma |
41.5.2.2 | Mottramite | PbCu(VO4)(OH) | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma |
41.5.2.4 | Čechite | PbFe2+(VO4)(OH) | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
41.5.2.5 | Duftite-alpha | PbCu(AsO4)(OH) |
Related Minerals - Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals Grouping
21.4.1 | Uvanite | U6+2V5+6O21 · 15H2O (?) | Orth. |
21.4.2 | Vanuranylite | (H3O)2(UO2)2(VO4)2 · 4H2O | |
21.4.3 | Strelkinite | Na2(UO2)2(VO4)2 · 6H2O | Orth. |
21.4.4 | Carnotite | K2(UO2)2(VO4)2 · 3H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
21.4.5 | Margaritasite | (Cs,K,H3O)2(UO2)2(VO4)2 · H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
21.4.6 | Sengierite | Cu2(UO2)2(VO4)2 · 6H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
21.4.7 | Metatyuyamunite | Ca(UO2)2(VO4)2 · 3-5H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
21.4.8 | Tyuyamunite | Ca(UO2)2(VO4)2 · 5-8H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnna |
21.4.9 | Rauvite | Ca(UO2)2(V10O28) · 16H2O | |
21.4.10 | Francevillite | Ba(UO2)2(VO4)2 · 5H2O | Orth. |
21.4.11 | Metavanuralite | Al(UO2)2(VO4)2(OH) · 8H2O | Tric. |
21.4.12 | Vanuralite | Al(UO2)2(V2O8)(OH) · 11H2O | Mon. |
21.4.13 | Curienite | Pb(UO2)2(VO4)2 · 5H2O | Orth. |
21.4.14 | Fritzscheite | Mn(UO2)2(PO4,VO4)2 · 10H2O (?) | Tet. |
21.4.15 | Palenzonaite | (NaCa2)Mn2+2(VO4)3 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d |
21.4.16 | Santafeite | (Na,Ca,Sr)12(Mn2+,Fe3+,Al,Mg)8Mn4+8(VO4)16(OH,O)20 · 8H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
21.4.18 | Brackebuschite | Pb2Mn3+(VO4)2(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
21.4.19 | Čechite | PbFe2+(VO4)(OH) | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
21.4.20 | Heyite | Pb5Fe2+2(VO4)2O4 | Mon. |
21.4.21 | Mounanaite | PbFe3+2(VO4)2(OH,F)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
21.4.22 | Schubnelite | Fe3+VO4 · H2O | Tric. |
21.4.23 | Fervanite | Fe3+4V5+4O16 · 5H2O | Mon. |
21.4.24 | Kazakhstanite | Fe3+5V4+3V5+12O39(OH)9 · 9H2O | Mon. |
21.4.25 | Bokite | (Al,Fe3+)1.3(V5+,V4+,Fe3+)8O20 · 7.4H2O | Mon. |
21.4.26 | Rusakovite | (Fe3+,Al)5(VO4,PO4)2(OH)9 · 3H2O | |
21.4.27 | Kolovratite | NixZny(VO4)0.67(x+y) · nH2O |
Fluorescence of Pyrobelonite
Not fluorescent.
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
References for Pyrobelonite
Reference List:
Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)
Flink (1919) Geologiska Föeningens I Stockholm. Förhandlinger, Stockholm: 41: 433.
Larsen, E.S. and Berman, H. (1934) The Microscopic Determination of the Nonopaque Minerals, Second edition, USGS Bulletin 848: 211.
Strunz, H. (1939): Mineralien der Descloizitgruppe. Konichalcit, Staszizit, Austinit, Duftit, Aräoxen, Volborthit, Pyrobelonit. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig (A) 101, 496-506.
Richmond (1940) American Mineralogist: 25: 460.
American Mineralogist (1955): 40: 580-596.
Mineralogical Magazine (1977): 41: 85.
Kolitsch, U. (2001): Refinement of pyrobelonite, PbMnIIVO4(OH), a member of the descloizite group. Acta Crystallogr. E57, i119-i121.
Internet Links for Pyrobelonite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3315.html
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External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
Localities for Pyrobelonite
Locality List




All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia | |
| A. Pring, U. Kolitsch and G. Francis (2000): Additions to the mineralogy of the Iron Monarch deposit, Middleback Ranges, South Australia. Australian J. Mineral. 6, 9-23; Pring, A. (1998): Selenides and sulfides from Iron Monarch, South Australia. N. Jb. Mineral. Mh. 1998, 36-48; Pring, A., Francis, G. & Birch, W. D. (1989): Pyrobelonite, arsenoklasite, switzerite and other recent finds at Iron Monarch, South Australia. Australian Mineral. 4, 49-55; Pring, A., Francis, G. & Birch, W. D. (1992): Nissonite, namibite, and other additions to the mineral suite from Iron Monarch, South Australia. Australian Mineral. 6, 31-39; Pring, A., Slade, P. G. & Birch, W. D. (1992): Shigaite from Iron Monarch, South Australia. Mineralogical Magazine 56, 417-19; Segnit, E. R. & Francis, G. (1983): Secondary phosphate minerals from Iron Monarch, South Australia. Australian Mineral. 1, 243-50.; Pring A, Birch W D (1993) Gatehouseite, a new manganese hydroxy phosphate from Iron Monarch, South Australia. Mineralogical Magazine 57, 309-313 |
Austria | |
| Kolitsch, U., Schachinger, T., Auer, C. (2019): 2113) Akatoreit(?), Albit, Ardennit-(As), Ardennit-(V), „Ardennit-(Si)“, Baryt, Brandtit(?) (oder unbenanntes Ca2Mn(AsO4)2?), Coelestin, Fluorapatit, Fluorcalcioroméit, Frankdicksonit(?), Friedelit, Ganophyllit(?), Hämatit, Hausmannit, Hollandit, Jacobsit, Klinochlor, Kutnohorit, Manganberzeliit, Manganiandrosit-(La)-Manganiakasakait-(La)-Mischkristalle, Muskovit, Opal(?), Pennantit, Piemontit(?), Pyrobelonit, Pyrophanit, Quarz, Rhodochrosit, Rhodonit, Sarkinit, Schallerit, Spessartin, Svabit, Tephroit, Tilasit und Tiragalloit vom Navisbach, Navistal, Nordtirol. Pp. 251-260 in Walter, F. et al. (2019): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich LXVIII. Carinthia II, 209./129., 237-362. |
| Kolitsch, U., Schachinger, T. & Auer, C. (2018): 2076) Aegirin, Aegirin-Augit, Albit, Baddeleyit, Baryt, Brandtit(?), Braunit, Calcit, Canosioit, Clinosuenoit (ehemals „Manganocummingtonit“), Coelestin, Diaspor, Dolomit, Fluorapatit (As-haltig), Fluorcalcioroméit, Gamagarit, Hämatit, Hausmannit, Hjalmarit, Hollandit, Hydroxycalcioroméit, Klinochlor, Kutnohorit, Mischkristalle Manganiandrosit-(La) - Manganiakasakait-(La), Nambulit, Phlogopit, Piemontit, Pyrobelonit, Sb-haltiger Pyrophanit, Quarz, Ranciéit(?), Rhodochrosit, Rhodonit, Richterit, Rutil, Spessartin, Talk, Thorit, Tremolit, Tilasit, Titanit, Tokyoit, Wakefieldit-(Ce), Wakefieldit-(Y), Zirkon, das Sb-Analogon von Hydroxymanganopyrochlor und unbenanntes LaAsO4 vom Obernberger Tribulaun, Nordtirol - ein erster Bericht über mineralogisch komplexe, linsenförmige metamorphe Manganvererzungen. Pp. 206-213 in Walter, F. et al. (2018): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich LXVII. Carinthia II, 208./128., 185-254. |
Canada | |
| SASSANO, G. & ROCHELEAU, M. (1987) Quelques minéraux d'uranium des Bassin d'Otish et de Mistassini, Québec. Canadian Mineralogist 25, 185-193. |
Germany | |
| [European Journal of Mineralogy 13:145-158] |
| J. Gröbner, U. Kolitsch and J. Wesiger (2011): New finds of vanadate and rare-earth minerals from the manganese mine Ilfeld, Harz. Mineralien-Welt 22 (1), 41-49. (in German) |
Italy | |
| Ciriotti, M.E. & Biagioni, C. (2011): Pot-pourri 2011: identificazioni di minerali di interesse. Micro, 3/2011, 125-133 |
[MinRec 32:360] | |
Gianluca Armellino specimen | |
| Bracco, R., Brugger, J., Marchesini, M., Mezzano, I., (2001): Nabiasite: un'altra novità da Gambatesa (Val Graveglia, Genova). Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 2, 121-122. |
| |
| Castellaro, F., Passarino, G. (2011): I minerali di Monte Alpe. Sezione dell'antica Concessione Tre Monti (La Spezia e Genova). Rivista Mineralogica Italiana. 4/2011, 214-224. |
| Cámara, F., Bittarello, E., Ciriotti, M.E., Nestola, F., Radica, F., Massimi, F., Balestra, C., Bracco, R. (2017a) As-bearing new mineral species from Valletta mine, Maira Valley, Piedmont, Italy: III. Canosioite, Ba2Fe3+(AsO4)2(OH), description and crystal structure. Mineralogical Magazine, 81, 305–317. |
Japan | |
| Gunnar Färber pers. comm. |
Namibia | |
| Dunn, P.J. (1991), Rare minerals of the Kombat Mine, Mineralogical Record: 22(6): 421-425. |
Norway | |
| Breivik, H. ; Myre, K. & Larsen, A. O. (2007): Manganforekomster på Sørlandet: Kvivikdalen (Kostøl, Ålefjær): Norsk Bergverksmuseums Skrift, 35, 25-31 |
Sweden (TL) | |
| Geologiska Föreningens I Stockholm. Förhandlinger, Stockholm (1919): 41, 433; Mineralogical Record: 14: 203; Nysten, P., Holtstam, D. and Jonsson, E. (1999) The Långban minerals. In Långban - The mines,their minerals, geology and explorers (D. Holtstam and J. Langhof, eds.), Swedish Museum of Natural History and Raster Förlag, Stockholm & Chr. Weise Verlag, Munich, pp. 89-183. |
Wiklund, S. (2016) Om ett fynd av kristalliserad pyrobelonit från Långban. LångbansNytt 22 (1): 20-21 | |
| Sandström, F., Lorin, T. & Strand, U. (2009): Geologi och mineralogi i Gåsgruvefältet, Filipstad. Litofilen. 26 (2): 16-38 |
Sandström, F., Lorin, T. & Strand, U. (2009): Geologi och mineralogi i Gåsgruvefältet, Filipstad. Litofilen. 26 (2): 16-38 | |
Torbjorn Lorin | |
Switzerland | |
| Amer.Min.(1996) 81, 1270-1276 |
Brugger J. (1996): The Fe, Mn, (V, Sb, As, Be, W) deposits of Val Ferrera (Graubünden, Switzerland). Unpublished PhD Thesis, Univ. Basel. 188 p. | |
| The Canadian Mineralogist 44, 205 (2006); Ansermet, S. (2012): Mines et minéraux du Valais - II. Anniviers et Tourtemagne. With contributions by N. Meisser, Ed. Porte-plumes (Ayer) |
UK | |
| Criddle & Symes, 1977 |
USA | |
| Dunn, P.J.: Min.Rec.:14:203-204 (1983); Dunn(1995):Pt5:677. |
Van King |
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Iron Monarch open cut, Iron Knob, Middleback Range, Eyre Peninsula, South Australia, Australia