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Pyrobelonite

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03527360014977594736734.jpg
Pyrobelonite

Iron Monarch open cut, Iron Knob, Middleback Range, Eyre Peninsula, South Australia, Australia
05014320015003462346504.jpg
Pyrobelonite

Valgraveglia Mine, Monte Copello, Reppia, Ne, Genoa, Liguria, Italy
07762990014977184491302.jpg
Pyrobelonite

Valgraveglia Mine, Monte Copello, Reppia, Ne, Genoa, Liguria, Italy
04539550014946246649004.jpg
Pyrobelonite

Iron Monarch open cut, Iron Knob, Middleback Range, Eyre Peninsula, South Australia, Australia
02332100014946246653142.jpg
Pyrobelonite

Valgraveglia Mine, Monte Copello, Reppia, Ne, Genoa, Liguria, Italy
06371060014961819819791.jpg
Pyrobelonite

Valgraveglia Mine, Monte Copello, Reppia, Ne, Genoa, Liguria, Italy
03527360014977594736734.jpg
Pyrobelonite

Iron Monarch open cut, Iron Knob, Middleback Range, Eyre Peninsula, South Australia, Australia
05014320015003462346504.jpg
Pyrobelonite

Valgraveglia Mine, Monte Copello, Reppia, Ne, Genoa, Liguria, Italy
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About PyrobeloniteHide

04276810014946246306925.jpg
Pyrobelonite

Iron Monarch open cut, Iron Knob, Middleback Range, Eyre Peninsula, South Australia, Australia
Formula:
PbMn2+(VO4)(OH)
Colour:
Red, dark red
Lustre:
Adamantine, Sub-Adamantine
Hardness:
3½
Specific Gravity:
5.58 - 5.79
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Name:
Named by Gustav Flink in 1919 from the Greek πυρ for "fire" and βελόνη for "needle," in allusion to its colour and the acicular habit of its crystals.
Adelite-Descloizite Group.
The Mn2+ analogue of Čechite.


Classification of PyrobeloniteHide

IMA status:
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
Strunz 8th ed.:
7/B.27-50
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) ed.:
8.BH.40

8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H2O
H : With medium-sized and large cations, (OH,etc.):RO4 = 1:1
Dana 8th ed.:
41.5.2.3

41 : ANHYDROUS PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
5 : (AB)2(XO4)Zq
Hey's CIM Ref.:
21.4.17

21 : Vanadates (and vanadates with arsenate or phosphate)
4 : Vanadates of U, Mn, Fe or Ni

Pronounciation of PyrobeloniteHide

Pronounciation:
PlayRecorded byCountry
Jolyon & Katya RalphUnited Kingdom

Physical Properties of PyrobeloniteHide

Lustre:
Adamantine, Sub-Adamantine
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Red, dark red
Streak:
Orange-yellow, red-orange
Hardness:
3½ on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
None Observed
Fracture:
Conchoidal
Density:
5.58 - 5.79 g/cm3 (Measured)    5.82 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of PyrobeloniteHide

Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 2.320 nβ = 2.360 nγ = 2.370
2V:
Measured: 29° , Calculated: 52°
Birefringence:
0.05
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.050
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Very High
Type:
Anisotropic
Anisotropism:
Strong
Bireflectance:
Visible
Dispersion:
none
Optical Extinction:
Parallel, XYZ = acb
Colour in reflected light:
Gray with red to orange internal glints
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
shades of red-brown.

Chemical Properties of PyrobeloniteHide

Formula:
PbMn2+(VO4)(OH)
IMA Formula:
PbMn2+VO4(OH)
Elements listed:
H, Mn, O, Pb, V - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of PyrobeloniteHide

Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Space Group:
Pnma
Setting:
Pnma
Cell Parameters:
a = 7.62 Å, b = 6.17 Å, c = 9.47 Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.235 : 1 : 1.535
Unit Cell V:
445.24 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Acicular [001] or acute pyramidal; blocky.
Comment:
Given as Pnam. Kolitsch (2001) gives the following parameters for a practically pure sample: a = 7.646(2), b = 6.179(1), c = 9.507(2) Å.

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
5.14 Å(70)
4.27 Å(40)
3.672 Å(65)
3.24 Å(100)
2.914 Å(50)
2.635 Å(70)
2.323 Å(70)
1.667 Å(65)
Comments:
ICDD 20-588

Type Occurrence of PyrobeloniteHide

Other Language Names for PyrobeloniteHide

Simplified Chinese:钒锰铅矿
Spanish:Pirobelonita
Traditional Chinese:釩錳鉛礦

Relationship of Pyrobelonite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:
Adelite-Descloizite Group
Other Members of this group:
AdeliteCaMg(AsO4)(OH)Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21
ArsendescloizitePbZn(AsO4)(OH)Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21
AustiniteCaZn(AsO4)(OH)Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21
ČechitePbFe2+(VO4)(OH)Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
CobaltaustiniteCaCo(AsO4)(OH)Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21
ConichalciteCaCu(AsO4)(OH)Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21
DescloizitePbZn(VO4)(OH)Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
DuftitePbCu(AsO4)(OH)Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21
Duftite-alphaPbCu(AsO4)(OH)
GabrielsonitePbFe3+(As3+O3)OOrth. mm2 : Pmc21
GottlobiteCaMg(VO4,AsO4)(OH)Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21
HermannroseiteCaCu(PO4)(OH)Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21
MottramitePbCu(VO4)(OH)Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
NickelaustiniteCaNi(AsO4)(OH)Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21
TangeiteCaCu(VO4)(OH)Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21
VuagnatiteCaAl(SiO4)(OH)Orth.

Common AssociatesHide

Axinite-(Mn)Ca2Mn2+Al2BSi4O15(OH)
CahniteCa2[B(OH)4](AsO4)
DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Manganese OxidesA review on these minerals has been published by Post (1999).
Manganoan Calcite(Ca,Mn)CO3
VanadinitePb5(VO4)3Cl
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
3 photos of Pyrobelonite associated with BeudantitePbFe3(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6
3 photos of Pyrobelonite associated with PhosgenitePb2CO3Cl2
2 photos of Pyrobelonite associated with CopperCu
1 photo of Pyrobelonite associated with MagnussoniteMn10As6O18(OH,Cl)2
1 photo of Pyrobelonite associated with ShigaiteMn6Al3(OH)18[Na(H2O)6](SO4)2 · 6H2O
1 photo of Pyrobelonite associated with BrauniteMn2+Mn3+6(SiO4)O8
1 photo of Pyrobelonite associated with ManganiteMn3+O(OH)

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz GroupingHide

8.BH.05ThadeuiteCa(Mg,Fe2+)3(PO4)2(OH,F)2Orth. 2 2 2 : C2 2 21
8.BH.10DurangiteNaAl(AsO4)FMon. 2/m : B2/b
8.BH.10IsokiteCaMg(PO4)FMon. 2/m : B2/b
8.BH.10LacroixiteNaAl(PO4)FMon. 2/m : B2/b
8.BH.10MaxwelliteNaFe3+(AsO4)FMon.
8.BH.10PanasqueiraiteCaMg(PO4)(OH,F)Mon.
8.BH.10TilasiteCaMg(AsO4)FMon. m : Bb
8.BH.15DrugmanitePb2(Fe3+,Al)(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)2Mon. 2/m : P21/b
8.BH.20Bjarebyite(Ba,Sr)(Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg)2Al2(PO4)3(OH)3Mon.
8.BH.20CirroliteCa3Al2(PO4)3(OH)3 (?)
8.BH.20KulaniteBa(Fe2+,Mn2+,Mg)2(Al,Fe3+)2(PO4)3(OH)3Mon.
8.BH.20PenikisiteBa(Mg,Fe2+,Ca)2Al2(PO4)3(OH)3Mon. 2/m : P21/m
8.BH.20PerloffiteBa(Mn2+,Fe2+)2Fe3+2(PO4)3(OH)3Mon. 2/m : P21/m
8.BH.20JohntomaiteBaFe2+2Fe3+2(PO4)3(OH)3Mon. 2/m : P21/m
8.BH.25Bertossaite(Li,Na)2(Ca,Fe2+,Mn2+)Al4(PO4)4(OH,F)4Orth.
8.BH.25Palermoite(Li,Na)2(Sr,Ca)Al4(PO4)4(OH)4Orth.
8.BH.30CarminitePbFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cccm
8.BH.30SewarditeCaFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cccm
8.BH.35AdeliteCaMg(AsO4)(OH)Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21
8.BH.35ArsendescloizitePbZn(AsO4)(OH)Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21
8.BH.35AustiniteCaZn(AsO4)(OH)Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21
8.BH.35CobaltaustiniteCaCo(AsO4)(OH)Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21
8.BH.35ConichalciteCaCu(AsO4)(OH)Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21
8.BH.35DuftitePbCu(AsO4)(OH)Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21
8.BH.35GabrielsonitePbFe3+(As3+O3)OOrth. mm2 : Pmc21
8.BH.35NickelaustiniteCaNi(AsO4)(OH)Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21
8.BH.35TangeiteCaCu(VO4)(OH)Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21
8.BH.35GottlobiteCaMg(VO4,AsO4)(OH)Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21
8.BH.35HermannroseiteCaCu(PO4)(OH)Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21
8.BH.40ČechitePbFe2+(VO4)(OH)Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
8.BH.40DescloizitePbZn(VO4)(OH)Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
8.BH.40MottramitePbCu(VO4)(OH)Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
8.BH.45BayldonitePbCu3(AsO4)2(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/b
8.BH.45VésigniéiteBaCu3(VO4)2(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
8.BH.50PaganoiteNiBi(AsO4)OTric. 1 : P1
8.BH.55JagoweriteBaAl2(PO4)2(OH)2Tric.
8.BH.60Attakolite(Ca,Sr)Mn(Al,Fe)4(HPO4,PO4)3(SiO4,PO4)(OH)4Mon. 2/m : B2/m
8.BH.65LeningraditePbCu3(VO4)2ClOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Ibam

Related Minerals - Dana Grouping (8th Ed.)Hide

41.5.2.1DescloizitePbZn(VO4)(OH)Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
41.5.2.2MottramitePbCu(VO4)(OH)Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
41.5.2.4ČechitePbFe2+(VO4)(OH)Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
41.5.2.5Duftite-alphaPbCu(AsO4)(OH)

Related Minerals - Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals GroupingHide

21.4.1UvaniteU6+2V5+6O21 · 15H2O (?)Orth.
21.4.2Vanuranylite(H3O)2(UO2)2(VO4)2 · 4H2O
21.4.3StrelkiniteNa2(UO2)2(VO4)2 · 6H2OOrth.
21.4.4CarnotiteK2(UO2)2(VO4)2 · 3H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
21.4.5Margaritasite(Cs,K,H3O)2(UO2)2(VO4)2 · H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
21.4.6SengieriteCu2(UO2)2(VO4)2 · 6H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
21.4.7MetatyuyamuniteCa(UO2)2(VO4)2 · 3-5H2OOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
21.4.8TyuyamuniteCa(UO2)2(VO4)2 · 5-8H2OOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnna
21.4.9RauviteCa(UO2)2(V10O28) · 16H2O
21.4.10FrancevilliteBa(UO2)2(VO4)2 · 5H2OOrth.
21.4.11MetavanuraliteAl(UO2)2(VO4)2(OH) · 8H2OTric.
21.4.12VanuraliteAl(UO2)2(V2O8)(OH) · 11H2OMon.
21.4.13CurienitePb(UO2)2(VO4)2 · 5H2OOrth.
21.4.14FritzscheiteMn(UO2)2(PO4,VO4)2 · 10H2O (?)Tet.
21.4.15Palenzonaite(NaCa2)Mn2+2(VO4)3Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d
21.4.16Santafeite(Na,Ca,Sr)12(Mn2+,Fe3+,Al,Mg)8Mn4+8(VO4)16(OH,O)20 · 8H2OOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
21.4.18BrackebuschitePb2Mn3+(VO4)2(OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
21.4.19ČechitePbFe2+(VO4)(OH)Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
21.4.20HeyitePb5Fe2+2(VO4)2O4Mon.
21.4.21MounanaitePbFe3+2(VO4)2(OH,F)2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
21.4.22SchubneliteFe3+VO4 · H2OTric.
21.4.23FervaniteFe3+4V5+4O16 · 5H2OMon.
21.4.24KazakhstaniteFe3+5V4+3V5+12O39(OH)9 · 9H2OMon.
21.4.25Bokite(Al,Fe3+)1.3(V5+,V4+,Fe3+)8O20 · 7.4H2OMon.
21.4.26Rusakovite(Fe3+,Al)5(VO4,PO4)2(OH)9 · 3H2O
21.4.27KolovratiteNixZny(VO4)0.67(x+y) · nH2O

Fluorescence of PyrobeloniteHide

In UV light:
Not fluorescent.

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for PyrobeloniteHide

Reference List:
Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)
Flink (1919) Geologiska Föeningens I Stockholm. Förhandlinger, Stockholm: 41: 433.
Larsen, E.S. and Berman, H. (1934) The Microscopic Determination of the Nonopaque Minerals, Second edition, USGS Bulletin 848: 211.
Strunz, H. (1939): Mineralien der Descloizitgruppe. Konichalcit, Staszizit, Austinit, Duftit, Aräoxen, Volborthit, Pyrobelonit. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig (A) 101, 496-506.
Richmond (1940) American Mineralogist: 25: 460.
American Mineralogist (1955): 40: 580-596.
Mineralogical Magazine (1977): 41: 85.
Kolitsch, U. (2001): Refinement of pyrobelonite, PbMnIIVO4(OH), a member of the descloizite group. Acta Crystallogr. E57, i119-i121.

Internet Links for PyrobeloniteHide

Localities for PyrobeloniteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (eg from pseudomorphs.)

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia
 
  • South Australia
    • Eyre Peninsula
      • Middleback Range
        • Iron Knob
A. Pring, U. Kolitsch and G. Francis (2000): Additions to the mineralogy of the Iron Monarch deposit, Middleback Ranges, South Australia. Australian J. Mineral. 6, 9-23; Pring, A. (1998): Selenides and sulfides from Iron Monarch, South Australia. N. Jb. Mineral. Mh. 1998, 36-48; Pring, A., Francis, G. & Birch, W. D. (1989): Pyrobelonite, arsenoklasite, switzerite and other recent finds at Iron Monarch, South Australia. Australian Mineral. 4, 49-55; Pring, A., Francis, G. & Birch, W. D. (1992): Nissonite, namibite, and other additions to the mineral suite from Iron Monarch, South Australia. Australian Mineral. 6, 31-39; Pring, A., Slade, P. G. & Birch, W. D. (1992): Shigaite from Iron Monarch, South Australia. Mineralogical Magazine 56, 417-19; Segnit, E. R. & Francis, G. (1983): Secondary phosphate minerals from Iron Monarch, South Australia. Australian Mineral. 1, 243-50.; Pring A, Birch W D (1993) Gatehouseite, a new manganese hydroxy phosphate from Iron Monarch, South Australia. Mineralogical Magazine 57, 309-313
Austria
 
  • Tyrol
    • Sill valley (Wipp valley)
      • Navis valley
Kolitsch, U., Schachinger, T., Auer, C. (2019): 2113) Akatoreit(?), Albit, Ardennit-(As), Ardennit-(V), „Ardennit-(Si)“, Baryt, Brandtit(?) (oder unbenanntes Ca2Mn(AsO4)2?), Coelestin, Fluorapatit, Fluorcalcioroméit, Frankdicksonit(?), Friedelit, Ganophyllit(?), Hämatit, Hausmannit, Hollandit, Jacobsit, Klinochlor, Kutnohorit, Manganberzeliit, Manganiandrosit-(La)-Manganiakasakait-(La)-Mischkristalle, Muskovit, Opal(?), Pennantit, Piemontit(?), Pyrobelonit, Pyrophanit, Quarz, Rhodochrosit, Rhodonit, Sarkinit, Schallerit, Spessartin, Svabit, Tephroit, Tilasit und Tiragalloit vom Navisbach, Navistal, Nordtirol. Pp. 251-260 in Walter, F. et al. (2019): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich LXVIII. Carinthia II, 209./129., 237-362.
      • Obernberg valley
Kolitsch, U., Schachinger, T. & Auer, C. (2018): 2076) Aegirin, Aegirin-Augit, Albit, Baddeleyit, Baryt, Brandtit(?), Braunit, Calcit, Canosioit, Clinosuenoit (ehemals „Manganocummingtonit“), Coelestin, Diaspor, Dolomit, Fluorapatit (As-haltig), Fluorcalcioroméit, Gamagarit, Hämatit, Hausmannit, Hjalmarit, Hollandit, Hydroxycalcioroméit, Klinochlor, Kutnohorit, Mischkristalle Manganiandrosit-(La) - Manganiakasakait-(La), Nambulit, Phlogopit, Piemontit, Pyrobelonit, Sb-haltiger Pyrophanit, Quarz, Ranciéit(?), Rhodochrosit, Rhodonit, Richterit, Rutil, Spessartin, Talk, Thorit, Tremolit, Tilasit, Titanit, Tokyoit, Wakefieldit-(Ce), Wakefieldit-(Y), Zirkon, das Sb-Analogon von Hydroxymanganopyrochlor und unbenanntes LaAsO4 vom Obernberger Tribulaun, Nordtirol - ein erster Bericht über mineralogisch komplexe, linsenförmige metamorphe Manganvererzungen. Pp. 206-213 in Walter, F. et al. (2018): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich LXVII. Carinthia II, 208./128., 185-254.
Canada
 
  • Québec
    • Nord-du-Québec
      • Baie-James
        • Otish Mts
SASSANO, G. & ROCHELEAU, M. (1987) Quelques minéraux d'uranium des Bassin d'Otish et de Mistassini, Québec. Canadian Mineralogist 25, 185-193.
Germany
 
  • Saarland
    • Merzig-Wadern
      • Wadern
        • Krettnich
[European Journal of Mineralogy 13:145-158]
  • Thuringia
    • Nordhausen
      • Harztor
        • Ilfeld
J. Gröbner, U. Kolitsch and J. Wesiger (2011): New finds of vanadate and rare-earth minerals from the manganese mine Ilfeld, Harz. Mineralien-Welt 22 (1), 41-49. (in German)
Italy
 
  • Liguria
    • Genoa
Ciriotti, M.E. & Biagioni, C. (2011): Pot-pourri 2011: identificazioni di minerali di interesse. Micro, 3/2011, 125-133
[MinRec 32:360]
Gianluca Armellino specimen
        • Reppia
          • Monte Copello
Bracco, R., Brugger, J., Marchesini, M., Mezzano, I., (2001): Nabiasite: un'altra novità da Gambatesa (Val Graveglia, Genova). Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 2, 121-122.
    • La Spezia Province
      • Borghetto di Vara
      • Maissana
Castellaro, F., Passarino, G. (2011): I minerali di Monte Alpe. Sezione dell'antica Concessione Tre Monti (La Spezia e Genova). Rivista Mineralogica Italiana. 4/2011, 214-224.
  • Piedmont
    • Cuneo Province
      • Canosio
        • Vallone della Valletta
Cámara, F., Bittarello, E., Ciriotti, M.E., Nestola, F., Radica, F., Massimi, F., Balestra, C., Bracco, R. (2017a) As-bearing new mineral species from Valletta mine, Maira Valley, Piedmont, Italy: III. Canosioite, Ba2Fe3+(AsO4)2(OH), description and crystal structure. Mineralogical Magazine, 81, 305–317.
Japan
 
  • Kochi
    • Kami city
Gunnar Färber pers. comm.
Namibia
 
  • Otjozondjupa Region
    • Grootfontein
      • Kombat
Dunn, P.J. (1991), Rare minerals of the Kombat Mine, Mineralogical Record: 22(6): 421-425.
Norway
 
  • Vest-Agder
    • Kristiansand
Breivik, H. ; Myre, K. & Larsen, A. O. (2007): Manganforekomster på Sørlandet: Kvivikdalen (Kostøl, Ålefjær): Norsk Bergverksmuseums Skrift, 35, 25-31
Sweden (TL)
 
  • Värmland County
    • Filipstad
Geologiska Föreningens I Stockholm. Förhandlinger, Stockholm (1919): 41, 433; Mineralogical Record: 14: 203; Nysten, P., Holtstam, D. and Jonsson, E. (1999) The Långban minerals. In Långban - The mines,their minerals, geology and explorers (D. Holtstam and J. Langhof, eds.), Swedish Museum of Natural History and Raster Förlag, Stockholm & Chr. Weise Verlag, Munich, pp. 89-183.
Wiklund, S. (2016) Om ett fynd av kristalliserad pyrobelonit från Långban. LångbansNytt 22 (1): 20-21
      • Persberg ore district
Sandström, F., Lorin, T. & Strand, U. (2009): Geologi och mineralogi i Gåsgruvefältet, Filipstad. Litofilen. 26 (2): 16-38
Sandström, F., Lorin, T. & Strand, U. (2009): Geologi och mineralogi i Gåsgruvefältet, Filipstad. Litofilen. 26 (2): 16-38
Torbjorn Lorin
Switzerland
 
  • Grisons
    • Hinterrhein Valley
      • Ferrera Valley
        • Ausserferrera
Amer.Min.(1996) 81, 1270-1276
Brugger J. (1996): The Fe, Mn, (V, Sb, As, Be, W) deposits of Val Ferrera (Graubünden, Switzerland). Unpublished PhD Thesis, Univ. Basel. 188 p.
  • Valais
    • Turtmann Valley
      • Pipjitälli
The Canadian Mineralogist 44, 205 (2006); Ansermet, S. (2012): Mines et minéraux du Valais - II. Anniviers et Tourtemagne. With contributions by N. Meisser, Ed. Porte-plumes (Ayer)
UK
 
  • Wales
    • Bridgend
      • Porthcawl
Criddle & Symes, 1977
USA
 
  • New Jersey
    • Sussex Co.
      • Franklin Mining District
        • Franklin
Dunn, P.J.: Min.Rec.:14:203-204 (1983); Dunn(1995):Pt5:677.
Van King
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