Pyrophanite
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About Pyrophanite
Formula:
Mn2+TiO3
Colour:
Blood red, greenish yellow, brownish, blackish
Lustre:
Metallic, Sub-Metallic
Hardness:
5 - 6
Specific Gravity:
4.537
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Member of:
Name:
Named in 1890 by Axel Hamberg from the Greek πΰρ, fire, and φαίνεσθαι, to appear, in allusion to its red color.
Classification of Pyrophanite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
4/C.05-30
4.CB.05
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
C : Metal: Oxygen = 2: 3,3: 5, and similar
B : With medium-sized cations
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
C : Metal: Oxygen = 2: 3,3: 5, and similar
B : With medium-sized cations
4.3.5.3
4 : SIMPLE OXIDES
3 : A2X3
4 : SIMPLE OXIDES
3 : A2X3
7.9.13
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
9 : Oxides of Ti
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
9 : Oxides of Ti
Physical Properties of Pyrophanite
Metallic, Sub-Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Blood red, greenish yellow, brownish, blackish
Comment:
Orange in transmitted light
Streak:
Ochre yellow with greenish tinge
Hardness:
5 - 6 on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN50=435 - 579 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Cleavage:
Perfect
On {0221} perfect; {1012} less perfect.
On {0221} perfect; {1012} less perfect.
Fracture:
Conchoidal, Sub-Conchoidal
Density:
4.537 g/cm3 (Measured) 4.596 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Pyrophanite
Type:
Uniaxial (-)
RI values:
nω = 2.481 nε = 2.210
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.271

Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Very High
Chemical Properties of Pyrophanite
Formula:
Mn2+TiO3
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
Fe,Zn
Crystallography of Pyrophanite
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Class (H-M):
3 - Rhombohedral
Space Group:
R3
Cell Parameters:
a = 5.13948(7) Å, c = 14.2829(4) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 2.779
Unit Cell V:
326.73 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
6
Morphology:
Fine scaly; tabular.
Type Occurrence of Pyrophanite
Other Language Names for Pyrophanite
Relationship of Pyrophanite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Akimotoite | (Mg,Fe2+)SiO3 | Trig. |
Ecandrewsite | (Zn,Fe2+,Mn2+)TiO3 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
Geikielite | MgTiO3 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
Hemleyite | (Fe2+0.48Mg0.37Ca0.04Na0.04Mn2+0.03Al0.03Cr3+0.01)sum=1.00Si1.00O3 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
Unnamed (Fe-Cr Oxide) | FeCrO3 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
Forms a series with:
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
Calcite | 12 photos of Pyrophanite associated with Calcite on mindat.org. |
Ancylite-(Ce) | 6 photos of Pyrophanite associated with Ancylite-(Ce) on mindat.org. |
Analcime | 6 photos of Pyrophanite associated with Analcime on mindat.org. |
Catapleiite | 4 photos of Pyrophanite associated with Catapleiite on mindat.org. |
Sphalerite | 3 photos of Pyrophanite associated with Sphalerite on mindat.org. |
Domeykite | 2 photos of Pyrophanite associated with Domeykite on mindat.org. |
Cuprite | 2 photos of Pyrophanite associated with Cuprite on mindat.org. |
Hedyphane | 2 photos of Pyrophanite associated with Hedyphane on mindat.org. |
Sunstone | 2 photos of Pyrophanite associated with Sunstone on mindat.org. |
Pectolite | 2 photos of Pyrophanite associated with Pectolite on mindat.org. |
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping
4.CB.05 | Brizziite | NaSb5+O3 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
4.CB.05 | Corundum | Al2O3 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3c |
4.CB.05 | Ecandrewsite | (Zn,Fe2+,Mn2+)TiO3 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
4.CB.05 | Eskolaite | Cr2O3 | Trig. |
4.CB.05 | Geikielite | MgTiO3 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
4.CB.05 | Hematite | Fe2O3 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3c |
4.CB.05 | Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
4.CB.05 | Karelianite | V3+2O3 | Trig. |
4.CB.05 | Melanostibite | Mn2+(Sb5+,Fe3+)O3 | Trig. |
4.CB.05 | Akimotoite | (Mg,Fe2+)SiO3 | Trig. |
4.CB.05 | Unnamed (Auroantimonate) | AuSbO3 | |
4.CB.05 | UM1998-11-O-AuHSb | Au+2Sb3+O2(OH) | |
4.CB.05 | Tistarite | Ti3+2O3 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3c |
4.CB.10 | Avicennite | Tl2O3 | Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Ia3 |
4.CB.10 | Bixbyite | Mn3+2O3 | Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Ia3 |
4.CB.15 | Armalcolite | (Mg,Fe2+)Ti2O5 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
4.CB.15 | Pseudobrookite | Fe2TiO5 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
4.CB.20 | Zincohögbomite-2N2S | [(Zn,Al,Fe2+)3(Al,Fe3+,Ti)8O15(OH)]2 | Hex. 6mm : P63mc |
4.CB.20 | Zincohögbomite-2N6S | [(Zn,Mg)7(Al,Fe3+,Ti)16O31(OH)]2 | Hex. 6mm : P63mc |
4.CB.20 | Magnesiohögbomite-6N6S | [(Mg,Fe2+)3(Al,Ti,Fe3+)8O15(OH)]6 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
4.CB.20 | Magnesiohögbomite-2N3S | [(Mg,Fe2+,Zn)4(Al,Ti,Fe3+)10O19(OH)]2 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3 1m |
4.CB.20 | Magnesiohögbomite-2N2S | [(Mg,Fe2+)3[Al7(Ti,Fe3+)]O15(OH)]2 | Hex. 6mm : P63mc |
4.CB.20 | Ferrohögbomite-6N12S | [(Fe2+,Mg,Zn)5(Al,Ti,Fe3+)12O23(OH)]6 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
4.CB.25 | Pseudorutile | Fe2Ti3O9 | Hex. |
4.CB.25 | Kleberite | FeTi6O11(OH)5 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
4.CB.30 | Berdesinskiite | V3+2TiO5 | Mon. |
4.CB.30 | Oxyvanite | V3+2V4+O5 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
4.CB.35 | Olkhonskite | (Cr,V)2Ti3O9 | Mon. |
4.CB.35 | Schreyerite | V3+2Ti3O9 | Mon. |
4.CB.40 | Kamiokite | Fe2Mo3O8 | Hex. |
4.CB.40 | Nolanite | (V3+,Fe3+,Fe2+,Ti)10O14(OH)2 | Hex. |
4.CB.40 | Rinmanite | Zn2Sb2Mg2Fe4O14(OH)2 | Hex. 6 : P63 |
4.CB.40 | Iseite | Mn2Mo3O8 | Hex. 6mm : P63mc |
4.CB.40 | Majindeite | Mg2Mo3O8 | Hex. 6mm : P63mc |
4.CB.45 | Claudetite | As2O3 | Mon. 2/m |
4.CB.45 | Stibioclaudetite | AsSbO3 | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
4.CB.50 | Arsenolite | As2O3 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
4.CB.50 | Senarmontite | Sb2O3 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
4.CB.55 | Valentinite | Sb2O3 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pccn |
4.CB.60 | Bismite | Bi2O3 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
4.CB.65 | Sphaerobismoite | Bi2O3 | Tet. |
4.CB.70 | Sillénite | Bi12SiO20 | Iso. 2 3 : I2 3 |
4.CB.75 | Kyzylkumite | V3+Ti2O5(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
4.CB.80 | Tietaiyangite | Fe3+4Fe2+TiO9 | Hex. |
Related Minerals - Dana Grouping (8th Ed.)
4.3.5.1 | Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
4.3.5.2 | Geikielite | MgTiO3 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
4.3.5.4 | Ecandrewsite | (Zn,Fe2+,Mn2+)TiO3 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
4.3.5.5 | Melanostibite | Mn2+(Sb5+,Fe3+)O3 | Trig. |
Related Minerals - Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals Grouping
7.9.1 | Hongquiite | TiO | |
7.9.2 | Rutile | TiO2 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P42/mnm |
7.9.3 | Anatase | TiO2 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I41/amd |
7.9.4 | Brookite | TiO2 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
7.9.5 | Geikielite | MgTiO3 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
7.9.6 | Perovskite | CaTiO3 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma |
7.9.7 | Kassite | CaTi2O4(OH)2 | Orth. |
7.9.8 | Tausonite | SrTiO3 | Iso. 4 3m |
7.9.9 | Crichtonite | Sr(Mn,Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH)38 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
7.9.10 | Lucasite-(Ce) | CeTi2(O,OH)6 | Mon. |
7.9.11 | Hibonite | (Ca,Ce)(Al,Ti,Mg)12O19 | Hex. |
7.9.12 | Yttrocrasite-(Y) | (Y,Th,Ca,U)(Ti,Fe)2(O,OH)6 | Amor. |
7.9.14 | Iwakiite | Mn2+Fe3+2O4 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I41/amd |
7.9.15 | Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
7.9.16 | Pseudobrookite | Fe2TiO5 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
7.9.17 | Ulvöspinel | Fe2TiO4 | Iso. |
7.9.18 | Pseudorutile | Fe2Ti3O9 | Hex. |
7.9.19 | Freudenbergite | Na2(Ti,Fe)8O16 | Mon. |
7.9.20 | Kennedyite | Fe2TiO5 | |
7.9.21 | Armalcolite | (Mg,Fe2+)Ti2O5 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
7.9.22 | Högbomite | (Mg,Fe)2(Al,Ti)5O10 | Hex. |
7.9.23 | Qandilite | (Mg,Fe3+)2(Ti,Fe3+,Al)O4 | |
7.9.24 | Cafetite | CaTi2O5 · H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
7.9.25 | Loveringite | (Ca,Ce,La)(Zr,Fe)(Mg,Fe)2(Ti,Fe,Cr,Al)18O38 | Trig. |
7.9.26 | Lindsleyite | (Ba,Sr)(Zr,Ca)(Fe,Mg)2(Ti,Cr,Fe)18O38 | Trig. |
7.9.27 | Priderite | K(Ti4+7Fe3+)O16 | Tet. |
7.9.28 | Jeppeite | (K,Ba)2(Ti,Fe)6O13 | Mon. |
7.9.29 | Ankangite | Ba(Ti,V3+,Cr)8O16 | Tet. 4/m : I4/m |
7.9.30 | Ecandrewsite | (Zn,Fe2+,Mn2+)TiO3 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
7.9.31 | Landauite | NaMnZn2(Ti,Fe)6Ti12O38 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
References for Pyrophanite
Reference List:
Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)
Hamberg (1890), Geol. För. Förh.: 12: 598.
Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1944), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume I: Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 535-541.
Canadian Mineralogist (1985): 23: 491.
Anthony, J.W., Bideaux, R.A., Bladh, K.W., and Nichols, M.C. (1995) Handbook of Mineralogy, Volume II. Silica, Silicates. Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson, AZ, 904pp., 2 volumes: 460.
Brandstätter, F. & Pertlik, F. (1996): Chemische und röntgenographische Untersuchungen an Pyrophanit, (Mn,Fe)TiO3, von St. Salvator, Gemeinde Friesach, Kärnten. Carinthia II, 186./106., 451-456. [includes a structure refinement]
Internet Links for Pyrophanite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3322.html
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External Links:
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Localities for Pyrophanite
Locality List




All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina | |
| The Canadian Mineralogist, Vol. 42, pp. 155-168 (2004) |
Australia | |
| Worner, H. K. and Mitchell, R. W., eds. Birch, W. D. (et al) (1982) Minerals of Broken Hill, published by Australian Mining & Smelting Limited ISBN 0-909221-18-9 |
| Graham, J. (1978) Manganochromite, palladium antimonide, and some unusual mineral associations at the Nairne pyrite deposit, South Australia. American Mineralogist, Vol. 63, pp. 1166-1174. |
| Vera Munro-Smith (2006) Cobalt Mineralisation in Selected Australian Deposits. PhD thesis, University of Western Sydney. |
| Bottrill & Taheri, 2008, Savage River mine, Unpub. Rept, Mineral Resources Tasmania |
| R Bottrill, unpublished data |
Austria | |
| Taucher, J. (1994): 936. Pyrophanit, Tephroit, Pyroxmangit, Rhodonit, Rhodochrosit, Dannemorit, Spessartin und Quarz von St. Salvator bei Friesach. Pp. 246-248 in Niedermayr, G., Postl, W. & Walter, F. (1994): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich XXXIII. Carinthia II, 174./94., 243-260.; Brandstätter, F. & Pertlik, F. (1996): Chemische und röntgenographische Untersuchungen an Pyrophanit, (Mn,Fe)TiO3, von St. Salvator, Gemeinde Friesach, Kärnten. Carinthia II, 186./106., 451-456.; G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995 |
| Kolitsch, U., Schachinger, T. and Bernhard, F. (2015): Ardennite-(As), ardennite-(V), gasparite-(Ce) and chernovite-(Y): first results of a mineralogical study of the metaradiolarite-hosted manganese ore mineralisations in the Fuchssee area, Radstadt Tauern, Salzburg, Austria. MinPet 2015, Leoben, Austria, September 10-13; abstract in Mitt. Österr. Mineral. Ges. 161, 67. |
| Bernhard, F. (2011) |
| SEM-EDS, Franz Bernhard, 2007 |
| Schäffer, U. & Tarkian, M. (1984): Die Genese der stratiformen Sulfidlagerstätte Kalwang (Steiermark), der Grünsteinserie und einer assoziierten silikatreichen Eisenformation. Tschermaks Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen, 33, 169-186. |
| Taucher, J. (1995) |
| Kolitsch, U., Schachinger, T., Auer, C. (2017): 2026) Albit, Amphibol, Bementit(?), Braunit, ein Mn-Chlorit, As-haltiger Fluorapatit, Galaxit, Hämatit, Hübnerit, Iwakiit(?), Jakobsit, Kalifeldspat, Kutnahorit, Långbanit, Manganoxide, Nickelskutterudit, Pyrophanit, Quarz, Rhodochrosit, Rhodonit, Safflorit, Sarkinit, Sonolith, Spessartin, Tephroit, Uraninit und Zirkon aus Manganvererzungen von der Wunwand (Wunspitze) bei Prägraten, Osttirol. Pp. 241-246 in Walter, F. et al. (2017): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich LXVI. Carinthia II, 207./127., 217-284. |
Brazil | |
| Bello, Rosa M. S.,1978, Condições de Metamorfismo de Buritirama and Serra do Navio |
| Encyclopedia of Mins., 2nd. ed.: 706.; Am Min (1955) 40:55-63 |
| Horváth, Menezes, Toft ollections - confirmed by XRD & microprobe |
| Monteiro, L.V.S., Xavier, R.P., de Carvalho, E.R., Hitzman, M.W., Johnson, C.A., de Souza Filho, C.R., and Torresi, I. (2008): Mineralium Deposita 43, 129-159. |
Monteiro, L.V.S., Xavier, R.P., de Carvalho, E.R., Hitzman, M.W., Johnson, C.A., de Souza Filho, C.R., and Torresi, I. (2008): Mineralium Deposita 43, 129-159. | |
| elluso, L., Guarino, V., Lustrino, M., Morra, V., De' Gennaro, R. (2016): The REE- and HFSE-bearing phases in the Itatiaia Alkaline Complex (Brazil), and geochemical evolution of feldspar-rich felsic melts. Mineralogical Magazine: 80: (in press); http://forum.amiminerals.it/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=12839&sid=298fa3a883df3b6a74caf0dae5778cc7 (2016) |
| Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., and Orris, G.J. (2009): USGS Open-File Report 09-1139; Costanzo, A., Moore, K. R., Wall, F., & Feely, M. (2006). Fluid inclusions in apatite from Jacupiranga calcite carbonatites: evidence for a fluid-stratified carbonatite magma chamber. Lithos, 91(1), 208-228. |
Canada | |
| Canadian Mineralogist 41:117-137 |
| Nova Scotia Mineral Occurrence Database |
| Turner, W.A., Richards, J.P., Nesbitt, B.E., Muehlenbachs, K., and Biczok, J.L. (2001): Mineralium Deposita 36, 442-457. |
| Trzcienski, W E, Jr (1987) Studies in the Sterrett mine area, Eastern Townships, Quebec. Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 2015 |
| Wallace, G.M., Whalen, J.B. & Martin, R.F. (1990) Agpaitic and miaskitic nepheline syenites of the McGerrigle plutonic complex, Gaspé, Quebec. Canadian Mineralogist 28, 251-266. |
| [MinRec 10:103, 19:325, 19:327, 21:331, 21:333] |
| HORVÁTH, L. (2010) The minerals of the Saint-Amable sill: an update. MICRONEWS 44(4), 23-28. |
China | |
| Suwa, K., Enami, M., Hiraiwa, I., and Yang, T. (1987): Mineralogy and Petrology 36, 111-120 |
| Hunan Metallurgical Geology Research Team 236 (1977): Geology and Prospecting 13(8), 20-25, 28; Yuanfang Xiao (1980): Geology and Prospecting 16(3), 18-20; Baogui Zhang (1996), In: Tu Guangzhi (Ed.): Geochemistry of strata-bound deposits in China. Science Press (Beijing), 240-253 |
| Pingyi Wan (2002): China's Manganese Industry 20(3), 1-6 |
| Pingyi Wan (2002): China's Manganese Industry 20(3), 1-6 |
| Pingyi Wan (2002): China's Manganese Industry 20(3), 1-6 |
| Pingyi Wan (2002): China's Manganese Industry 20(3), 1-6 |
Pingyi Wan (2002): China's Manganese Industry 20(3), 1-6 | |
| Shiguang Wang, Baofu Han, Dawei Hong, Baoliang Xu, and Yayun Sun (1994): Scientia Geologica Sinica 29(4), 373-383 |
Shiguang Wang, Baofu Han, Dawei Hong, Baoliang Xu, and Yayun Sun (1994): Scientia Geologica Sinica 29(4), 373-383 | |
Shiguang Wang, Baofu Han, Dawei Hong, Baoliang Xu, and Yayun Sun (1994): Scientia Geologica Sinica 29(4), 373-383 | |
Shiguang Wang, Baofu Han, Dawei Hong, Baoliang Xu, and Yayun Sun (1994): Scientia Geologica Sinica 29(4), 373-383 | |
Czech Republic | |
| Žák L.: Find of pyrophanite and melanophlogite in Chvaletice (E. Bohemia). Časopis pro mineralogii a geologii, 1967, 12, 4, 451-452. |
| Novák, M. & Škoda, R. (2007): Mn3+-rich andalusite to kanonaite and their breakdown products from metamanganolite at Kojetice near Třebíč, the Moldanubian Zone, Czech Republic. Journal of Geosciences, 52(1-2), 161-167. |
Finland | |
| Eur. J. Mineral. , 1994, 6, pp. 145-150. |
| Mutanen, T. 2010. Alkalikiviä ja appiniitteja. Raportti hankkeen "Magmatismi ja malminmuodostus II " toiminnasta 2002-2005. |
| Heikkilä, Pasi 2003. Vittinki-ryhmän metaserttien geologia ja mineralogia Etelä-Pohjanmaalla. Pro gradu, matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta, Geologian laitos. Helsingin Yliopisto. |
France | |
| Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 68, 117- 123 (1979) |
| Cenki-Tok, B. & Chopin, C. (2006): Coexisting calderite and spessartine garnets in eclogite-facies metacherts of the Western Alps. Mineralogy and Petrology, 88, 47-68. |
| MONCHOUX P., FONTAN F., DE PARSEVAL P., MARTIN R. F., WANG R. C. (2006) - Igneous albitite dikes in orogenic lherzolithes, Western Pyrénées, France: A possible source for corundum and alkali feldspar xenocrysts in basaltic terranes. I. Mineralogical Asssociations. The Canadian Mineralogist, Vol. 44, pp. 817-842. |
MONCHOUX P., FONTAN F., DE PARSEVAL P., MARTIN R. F., WANG R. C. (2006) - Igneous albitite dikes in orogenic lherzolithes, Western Pyrénées, France: A possible source for corundum and alkali feldspar xenocrysts in basaltic terranes. I. Mineralogical Asssociations. The Canadian Mineralogist, Vol. 44, pp. 817-842. | |
| Perseil, E. A. (1967): Manganese mineralization of the Upper Devonian in Las Cabesses (Ariege). Comptes Rendus du Congres National des Societes Savantes, Section des Sciences 91 (Part 2), 313-321. |
| Le Règne Minéral 47: 5-21 |
| European J. Mineralogy, 11/5, 879-890 |
| Dubru. M, (1986) Pétrologie et géochimie du marbre à brucite et des borates associés au gisement de tungstène de Costabonne, (Pyrénées orientales, France) 930p |
| TUDURI Johan (2001) Minéralisations cuprifères syn-orogéniques dans les schistes lustrés des Alpes occidentales. Exemple de la mine de cuivre des Clausis (Saint-Véran, France) |
Germany | |
| Hentschel, G., Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane, Weise Verlag, München (2. Auflage), 1987 |
| Hentschel, G., Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane, Weise Verlag, München (2. Auflage), 1987 |
[Hentschel, G., Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane, Weise Verlag, München (2. Auflage), 1987], [Minealien Welt 1/93:14] | |
| Hentschel, G., Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane, Weise Verlag, München (2. Auflage), 1987 |
Greenland | |
| Semenow, E.I. (1969): Mineralogy of the Ilimaussaq alkaline massif (South Greenland), 165 pp, Moscow: Nauka (in Russian); Petersen, O.V. (2001): List of all minerals identified in the Ilímaussaq alkaline complex, South Greenland. Geology of Greenland Survey Bulletin. 190, 25-33 |
Guinea | |
Moreau, C., Ohnenstetter, D., Demaiffe, D., & Robineau, B. (1996). The Los Archipelago nepheline syenite ring-structure; a magmatic marker of the evolution of the Central and Equatorial Atlantic. The Canadian Mineralogist, 34(2), 281-299. | |
Moreau, C., Ohnenstetter, D., Demaiffe, D., & Robineau, B. (1996). The Los Archipelago nepheline syenite ring-structure; a magmatic marker of the evolution of the Central and Equatorial Atlantic. The Canadian Mineralogist, 34(2), 281-299. | |
Hungary | |
| Zajzon, N., Váczi, T., Fehér, B., Takács, Á., Szakáll, S. and Weiszburg, T. G. (2013): Pyrophanite pseudomorphs after perovskite in Perkupa serpentinites (Hungary): a microtextural study and geological implications. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 40, 611-623. |
India | |
| Econ Geol (1980) 75:1083-1104 |
| MINERALOGICAL MAGAZINE, DECEMBER 1984, VOL. 48, PP. 558-60 |
| Acharya, B.C., Rao, D.S., and Sahoo, R.K. (1997): Mineralium Deposita 32, 79-93. |
Italy | |
| • Barresi, A.A., Kolitsch, U., Ciriotti, M.E., Ambrino, P., Bracco, R., Bonacina, E. (2005): La miniera di manganese di Varenche (Aosta, Italia nord-occidentale): ardennite, arseniopleite, manganberzeliite, pirofanite, sarkinite, thortveitite, nuovo As-Sc-analogo della metavariscite e altre specie. Micro (località), 2/2005, 81-122. |
| Castello P. (1982) - Il giacimento manganesifero di Praborna (St. Marcel - AO) - Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, Fasc. 3, pp. 87-92 |
| Balestra, C., Ciriotti, M.E., Bracco, R. (2011): Su alcune novità mineralogiche liguri caratterizzate dal SIUK dell'AMI. Micro, 2/2011, 46-53 |
| Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, (4), 131 |
| Lapis, 19 (10), 15-21+86. |
| AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work. |
Bedognè, F., Montrasio, A., Sciesa, E. (1993) I minerali della provincia di Sondrio: Valmalenco. Bettini, Sondrio, 275 pp. Bedognè, F., Montrasio, A., Sciesa, E. (2006) I minerali della media-alta Valtellina, delle Orobie valtellinesi e della Val Poschiavo. Aggiornamenti sulle altre località della provincia di Sondrio. Bettini, Sondrio, 255 pp. Bedognè, F. (2011) Microminerali della Valmalenco. Nuove segnalazioni e aggiornamenti. Riv. Mineral. It., 35, 1, 40-45. | |
| Bedognè, F., Montrasio, A., Sciesa, E. (1993): I minerali della provincia di Sondrio: Valmalenco. Bettini, Sondrio, 275 pp. |
| Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp. |
| Ambrino, P., Ciriotti, M.E., Blass, G., Airaudi, D. (2010): Primo ritrovamento di caryopilite e kutnohorite in Piemonte: Croce di Chiaves, Ceres, Torino. Micro (UK report) 1/2010, 134-141 |
| Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007): Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp. |
| Prosperi, B., Batacchi, C., Ciriotti, M.E., Ceccantini, L. (2013): Ercinite, perovskite, pirofanite e nuove segnalazioni dalle ofioliti dell' Impruneta, Firenze. Micro, 1/2013, 32-38- |
Batacchi, C., Capperi, M., Cosci, C., Bittarello, E., Ciriotti, M.E., Prosperi, B., Borselli, G., Fassina, B., Ceccantini, L. (2015): Secondo ritrovamento mondiale di hylbrownite e altre nuove identificazioni nelle serpentiniti di Impruneta, Toscana. Micro, 1/2015, 40-51 | |
| Pezzotta, F., & Guastoni, A. (2007). Hambergite, helvite e pirofanite nelle pegmatiti elbane. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 3/2007, 166-168. |
Japan | |
| Yamada collection (Crystal World, Japan) |
| Donald E. Lee (1955); Am Min (1955) 40:32-40 |
| Katsu Kaneko (1956) Symposium del Manganeso, XX Congreso Geologico Internacional, Mexico D.F. |
| Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252. |
| H. Momoi (1964) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 15, #1, 39-63. |
| Lee, D. E. (1955); Am Min (1955) 40:32-40 |
Lee, D. E. (1955); Am Min (1955) 40:32-40 | |
| Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.; Fumitoshi HIROWATARI (1961) Minerals and Their Paragenetic Relations of the Manganese Deposits of Fukumaki Mine, Yamaguchi Prefecture. Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Japan Vol.12:565-572 |
| Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252. |
Lee, D. E. (1955); Am Min (1955) 40:32-40 | |
H. Momoi (1964) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 15, #1, 39-63. | |
H. Momoi (1964) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 15, #1, 60. | |
H. Momoi (1964) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 15, #1, 39-63. | |
Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252. | |
| Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252. |
Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252. | |
Hiroaki Tano specimen | |
| Nishikubo collection |
| Sueno, S., Matsuura, S., Bunno, M., & Kurosawa, M. (2002). Occurrence and crystal chemical features of protoferro-anthophyllite and protomangano-ferro-anthophyllite from Cheyenne Canyon and Cheyenne Mountain, USA and Hirukawa-mura, Suisho-yama, and Yokone-yama, Japan. Journal of mineralogical and petrological sciences, 97(4), 127-136. |
Yamada, S. (2004) Nihonsan-koubutsu Gojuon-hairetsu Sanchi-ichiranhyou (111 pp.) | |
Hiroaki Tano collection; Akira Kato (undated manuscript): Country rock and Minerals of the Kaso mine, Kanuma City, Tochigi Prefecture. (in japanese) | |
| Okamoto collection (curated at the Geological Survey museum, Japan); Tanaka, H. et al. (2010) Momoiite (Mn2+,Ca)3(V3+,Al)2Si3O12, a new manganese vanadium garnet from Japan. Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences 105, 92-96. |
| Yamada, S. (2004) Nihonsan-koubutsu Gojuon-hairetsu Sanchi-ichiranhyou (111 pp.) |
| Hitoshi Momoi (1964) Mineralogical study of rhodonites in Japan, with special reference to contact metamorphism. Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 15, #1, 39-63. |
| Yamada, S. (2004) Nihonsan-koubutsu Gojuon-hairetsu Sanchi-ichiranhyou (111 pp.); Banno, Y., & Yamada, S. (2012). Sector-zoned aegirine in Sanbagawa quartz schist from the western Kii Peninsula, central Japan. Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences, 107(4), 167-172. |
| Hiroaki Tano specimen |
| Katsu Kaneko (1956) Symposium del Manganeso, XX Congreso Geologico Internacional, Mexico D.F.; Am Min (1955) 40:32-40 |
| Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan) |
| Matsubara, S., Miyawaki, R., Yokoyama, K., Shigeoka, M., Miyajima, H., Suzuki, Y., ... & Ishibashi, T. (2010). Momoiite and nagashimalite from the Tanohata mine, Iwate Prefecture, Japan. Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science C, 36, 1-6. |
| Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252. |
| Momoi, H. (1964) Mem. Fac. Sci., Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 15, #1, 73-78. |
| H. Momoi (1964) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 15, #1, 39-63. |
| Katsu Kaneko (1956) Symposium del Manganeso, XX Congreso Geologico Internacional, Mexico D.F. |
| http://www.issp.u-tokyo.ac.jp/labs/mdcl/lab/denken/wordpress/?page_id=803 |
Kazakhstan | |
| STEPANOV, A.V., BEKENOVA, G.K., LEVIN, V.L., HAWTHORNE, F.C. & DOBROVOL’SKAYA, E.A. (2012): Tarbagataite,(K,□)2(Ca,Na)(Fe2+,Mn)7Ti2(Si4O12)2O2(OH)4(OH,F), a new astrophyllite-group mineral species from the Verkhnee Espe deposit, Akjailyautas Mountains, Kazakhstan: description and crystal structure Canadian Mineralogist 50,159-168. |
| http://geo.web.ru/druza/l-Kent.htm; Evseev, A. A. (1995) Kazaknstan and Middle Asia. A brief Mineralogical Guide. World of Stone 8:24-30 |
Kyrgyzstan | |
| L.A. Pautov data |
Malawi | |
| Orris, G.J., and Grauch, R.I. (2002): USGS Open-File Report 02-189. |
| Demartin, F.; Guastoni, A. & Pezzotta, F. (2003): Barylith, Niobophyllit & yttriumreicher Milarit- Neufunde aus den Pegmatiten von Zomba-Malosa, Malawi. Lapis 28 (1), 18-21 |
Morocco | |
| Khadem Allah, B. (1993) |
Namibia | |
| KOLLER, F., ŠKODA, R., PALFI, A.G. & POPP, F. (2013) Phonolites of the Aris and Rehoboth areas, Central Namibia. Abstract, Mineralogical and Petrological Conference MinPet 2013, Bratislava. 40. |
| Bezing, L. von, Bode, R. & Jahn, S. (2007): Namibia. Minerals and Localities. Edition Schloss Freudenstein, Bode Verlag, Haltern, 368 pp. (in English) |
Norway | |
| Neumann, H. (1985): Norges Mineraler. Norges geologiske Undersøkelse Skrifter 68 p. 66 |
| Neumann (1985) : Norges mineraler. Norges geologiske undersøkelse Skrifter 68, p. 66 |
Neumann (1985) : Norges mineraler. Norges geologiske undersøkelse Skrifter 68. p. 66 | |
| Neumann, H. (1985): Norges Mineraler. Norges Geologiske Undersøkelse Skrifter 68, p. 66. |
Raade, G. (2010): Chemical composition of acmite/aegirine intergrowths from Rundemyr, Eiker. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift 43: 29-34 | |
| Grauch et al. (1994): Høgtuvaite, a new beryllian member of the aenigmatite group fom Norway, with x-ray data on aenigmatite. Canadian Mineralogist. 32: 439-448. |
| Husdal, T. (2008): The minerals of the pegmatites within the Tysfjord granite, northern Norway. Norsk Bergverksmuseum, skrift 38, 5-28. |
| Husdal, T. (2008): The minerals of the pegmatites within the Tysfjord granite, northern Norway. Norsk Bergverksmuseum.Skrift 38: 5-28 |
| Werner, R. (2003). Vinteren '92/'93- Et lite tilbakeblikk. STEIN 30 (3), 24-27 |
| Werner, R. (2003). Vinteren '92/'93- Et lite tilbakeblikk. STEIN 30 (3), 24-27 |
Werner, R. (2003). Vinteren '92/'93- Et lite tilbakeblikk. STEIN 30 (3), 24-27 | |
| L. O. Kvamsdal (1998): Mineralene fra Nordmarkitt og Grefsensyenitt i Oslofeltet. AS Merkur-Trykk, Oslo. |
Raade, G. & Haug, J. (1982): Gjerdingen. Fundstelle seltener Mineralien in Norwegen. LAPIS 7, 9-15 | |
| Kvamsdal, L.O. (1993): Noen mineraler fra nordmarkitten mellom Roa og Maura. STEIN 20 (1), 30-45 |
Werner, R. (1993): Om synchysitt i Norge. STEIN 20 (4),221-226 | |
| Gierth, E. & Krause, H. (1973): Die Ilmenitlagerstätte Tellnes (Süd-Norwegen). Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 53: 359-402; Neumann, H. (1985): Norges Mineraler. Norges geologiske Undersøkelse Skrifter 68, p. 66 |
| Smith, D.C., Kechid, S-A. and Rossi, G. (1986): Occurrence and properties of lisetite, CaNa2Al4Si4O16, a new tectosilicate in the system Ca-Na-Al-Si-O. American Mineralogist. 71: 1372-1377 |
| Segalstad, T. V. & Larsen, A. O. (1978): Gadolinite-(Ce) from Skien, southwestern Oslo Region, Norway. American Mineralogist 63, 188-195 |
| Grice, J. D., Kristiansen, R., Friis, H., Rowe, R., Poirier, G.G., Selbekk, R.S., Cooper, M.A. & Larsen, A.O. (2013): Ferrochiavennite, a new beryllium silicate zeolite from syenite pegmatites in the Larvik Plutonic Complex, Oslo region, Southern Norway. Canadian Mineralogist. 51: 285-296 |
| Svein A.Berge observation 1992 |
| Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240 pp |
Larsen, A. O. (1988): Helvite group minerals from syenite pegmatites in the Oslo Region, Norway. Contribution to the mineralogy of Norway no 68. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 68: 119-124 | |
| Larsen, A.O., Åsheim, A. and Gault, R. A. (2005): Minerals of the eudialyte group from the Sagåsen larvikite quarry, Porsgrunn, Norway. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrifter 30: 58-62 |
| Burvald, Ingulv (1993): To forekomster av nefelin-syenitt-pegmatitt i Telemark. STEIN 20 (3), 176-179 |
| Wel,D. van der. (1974): Brandsnuten manganforekomst og de tilhørende bergarter vest for Byrtevatn. Hovedfagsoppgave (M.Sc. Thesis), Mineralogisk-Geologisk Museum, Universitetet i Oslo.( p. 85) |
| Neumann, H. (1985): Norges Mineraler. Norges geologiske Undersøkelse Skrifter 68, p. 66 |
| Bergstøl (1972, p. 237); Neumann (1985, p. 66).; Neumann, H. & Bergstøl, S. (1964): Contribution to the Mineralogy of Norway No 25. Pyrophanite in the southern Part of the Oslo Area. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 44: 39-42 |
| Knut Edvard Larsen collection |
| Sæbø, P. (1966b): Contribution to the mineralogy of Norway no.35. The first occurences of the rare mineral barylite, Be2BaSi2O7, in Norway. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 46, 335-348 |
Knut Edvard Larsen collection | |
Knut Edvard Larsen collection (Micro # 3380) | |
Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240 pp | |
| Svein A Berge observation 1992 |
| Neumann, H. (1985): Norges mineraler. Norges geologiske undersøkelse. Skrifter 68: p. 66 |
Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240p | |
Neumann, H. & Bergstøl, S. (1964): Contribution to the Mineralogy of Norway No 25. Pyrophanite in the southern Part of the Oslo Area. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 44: 39-42 + Neumann (1985, p. 66). | |
Neumann, H. & Bergstøl, S. (1964): Contribution to the Mineralogy of Norway No 25. Pyrophanite in the southern Part of the Oslo Area. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 44: 39-42 | |
Neumann, H. & Bergstøl, S. (1964): Contribution to the Mineralogy of Norway No 25. Pyrophanite in the southern Part of the Oslo Area. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 44: 39-42 | |
Segalstad, T.V. & Larsen, A.O.(1978): Chevkinite and perrierite from the Oslo region, Norway. American Mineralogist 63,499-505 | |
Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240 pp | |
Neumann, H. & Bergstøl, S. (1964): Contribution to the Mineralogy of Norway No 25. Pyrophanite in the southern Part of the Oslo Area. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 44: 39-42 + Neumann (1985, p. 66). | |
| Engvoldsen, T., Andersen, F., Berge, S. A. & Burvald, I. (1991): Pegmatittmineraler fra Larvik ringkompleks. STEIN 18 (1), 15-71; Larsen, A.O., Kolitsch, U., Gault, R.A. & Giester, G. (2010): Eirikite a new mineral species of the leifite group from the Langesundsfjord district, Norway. European Journal of Mineralogy. 22, 875–880 |
| Kolitsch, U., Andresen, P., Husdal, T. A., Ertl, A., Haugen, A., Ellingsen, H. V. and Larsen, A. O. (2013): Tourmaline-group minerals from Norway, part II: Occurrences of luinaite-(OH) in Tvedalen, Larvik and Porsgrunn, and fluor-liddicoatite, fluor-elbaite and fluor-schorl at Ågskardet, Nordland. Norsk Bergverksmuseet Skrift 50, 23-41. |
Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240 p | |
| Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240 pp; Berge, S.A., Larsen, K.E. & Andersen, F. (2011): Buer, Vesterøya, Sandefjord- en typelokalitet for et nytt mineral. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift. 46: 49-56 |
Poland | |
| Szuszkiewicz, A., Szełęg, E., Pieczka, A., Ilnicki, S., Nejbert, K., Turniak, K., ... & Michałowski, P. (2013) The Julianna pegmatite vein system at the Piława Górna Mine, Góry Sowie Block, SW Poland–preliminary data on geology and descriptive mineralogy. Geological Quarterly, 2013, 57 (3): 000–000 |
Romania | |
| Pál-Molnár (2000) |
Szakáll, S. & Kristály, F., Eds. (2010): Mineralogy of Székelyland, Eastern Transylvania, Romania. Csík County Nature and Conservation Society, Miercurea-Ciuc, Romania, 321 pp. | |
| Szakáll, S. & Kristály, F., Eds. (2010): Mineralogy of Székelyland, Eastern Transylvania, Romania. Csík County Nature and Conservation Society, Miercurea-Ciuc, Romania, 321 pp. |
| http://minerals-of-the-carpathians.eu; Udubasa, G., Hartopanu, P., Ilinca, G. (1996). The Regionally metamorphosed Fe-Mn Ore Deposit at Razoare, Preluca Mts., Romania. Romanian Journal of Mineralogy, 77, 3-20. |
| http://minerals-of-the-carpathians.eu |
| http://minerals-of-the-carpathians.eu |
Russia | |
| [MinRec 32:42]; Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow |
| Voloshin, A.V., Lyalina, L.M., Savchenko, Ye.E., Selivanova, E.A. [Волошин А.В., Лялина Л.М., Савченко Е.Э., Селиванова Е.А.] (2005): Intragranite rare-metal pegmatites of the alkaline granite formation of the Kola Peninsula. Quartz-zircon pseudomorphs [Внутригранитные редкометалльные пегматиты щелочногранитовой формации Кольского полуострова. Кварц-цирконовые псевдоморфозы]. Zapiski RMO [Записки РМО], 134, 4, 98-107. |
Olga Yakovleva, I. Pekov, I. Bryzgalov, Yu. Men’shikov, V. Yapaskurt, E. Guseva, N. Korotaeva (2009) Chalcogenide Minerals in Fenitized Xenoliths in Khibiny Alkaline Complex Kola Peninsula, Russia): Diversity and Chemical Features. Fifth International Symposium Mineral Diversity Research and Preservation pp213-216 | |
Mikhailova, Y.A., Konopleva, N.G., Yakovenchuk, V.N., Ivanyuk, G.Y., Men’shikov, Y.P., and Pakhomovsky, Y.A. (2007): Geology of Ore Deposits 49(7), 590-598. | |
Pavel M. Kartashov data | |
PEKOV, I.V. & NIKOLAEV, A.P. (2013) Minerals of the pegmatites and hydrothermal assemblages of the Koashva deposit (Khibiny, Kola Peninsula, Russia). Mineralogical Almanac 189(2), 7-65. | |
Pekov, I.V. & Podlesnyi, A.S. (2004): Kukisvumchorr Deposit: Mineralogy of Alkaline Pegmatites and Hydrotermalites. Mineralogical Almanac, vol. 7, 140 pages + xxiv photo's pages | |
Mikhailova, Y.A., Konopleva, N.G., Yakovenchuk, V.N., Ivanyuk, G.Y., Men’shikov, Y.P., and Pakhomovsky, Y.A. (2007): Geology of Ore Deposits 49(7), 590-598. | |
Mikhailova, Y.A., Konopleva, N.G., Yakovenchuk, V.N., Ivanyuk, G.Y., Men’shikov, Y.P., and Pakhomovsky, Y.A. (2007): Geology of Ore Deposits 49(7), 590-598. | |
Mikhailova, Y.A., Konopleva, N.G., Yakovenchuk, V.N., Ivanyuk, G.Y., Men’shikov, Y.P., and Pakhomovsky, Y.A. (2007): Geology of Ore Deposits 49(7), 590-598. | |
www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/lovo.htm | |
Pakhomovsky, Y. A., Ivanyuk, G. Y., & Yakovenchuk, V. N. (2014). Loparite-(Ce) in rocks of the Lovozero layered complex at Mt. Karnasurt and Mt. Kedykvyrpakhk. Geology of Ore Deposits, 56(8), 685-698. | |
| Semenov E.I. (1972) Mineralogy of Lovozero alkaline massif, - Moscow, Nauka, p. 308 (in Rus.) |
| Savel'eva V.B. Karmanov N.S. (2008) Rare earth's minerals of alkaline metasomatites of Main Sayan Fault zone, - Zapiski RMO, N2, pp.14-35 (in Rus.).; Savel’eva, V.B., and Karmanov, N.S. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(8), 681-696. |
| Brusnitsyn A.I. (2000) Rhodonite deposits of Middle Ural, - S.-Peterburg Univercity press, p. 200 (in Rus.). |
| Brusnitsyn A.I. (2000) Rhodonite deposits of Middle Ural, - S.-Peterburg Univercity press, p. 200 (in Rus.). |
| Brusnitsyn, A.I. (2006): Geology of Ore Deposits 48(3), 193-214. |
| Vera N. Smol'yaninova data |
Slovakia | |
| Rojkovič, I. (2001): Geolines 13, 34-41. |
| Putiš M., Koppa M., Snárska B., Koller F., Uher P., 2012: The blueschist-associated perovskite-andradite-bearing serpentinized harzburgite from Dobšiná (the Meliata Unit), Slovakia. J. Geosci. 57, 4, 221-240. |
| Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p |
South Africa | |
| MITCHELL, R.H. & LIFEROVICH, R.P. (2004) Ecandrewsite - zincian pyrophanite from lujavrite. Pilansber alkaline complex, South Africa. Canadian Mineralogist), 42, 1169-1178. |
Minerals of South Africa | |
| Minerals of South Africa |
South Korea | |
| P.M. Kartashov data |
| Econ Geol (1993) 88:855-872 |
Spain | |
| Ahijado A. (1992) Características mineralógicas de una sövita pirofanítica de la Pta. del Peñón Blanco, Fuerteventura, Canarias. Geogaceta 12 pp- 81-82 |
| Ferguson, A.K. (1978): The occurence of Ramseyite, Titan-Lavenite and a fluorine-rich Eucolite in a nepheline-syenite inclusion from Tenerife, Canary Islands, Contrib Mineral Petrol 66, 15-20 |
| Mineralogistes de Catalunya, vol. III num. 5 |
Sweden | |
| (Kjell Gatedal); Grensman, F., Kalinowski, M.P. and Sandström, F. (2001): Garpenberg Norra. Litofilen. 18 (2), 26-46.; |
| Sandström, F., Binett, T., Wiklund, C. & Vikström, J. (2010): Alnöområdets geologi och mineralogi. Litiofilen. 27 (2): 14-42 |
| Zakrzewski et al (1982): Canadian Mineralogist 20, 281-290 |
| Åberg, F. (2015) Mineralogical Study of Manganese Bearing Skarn Minerals and Manganese Content in Magnetite in the Dannemora Skarn Iron Ore Deposit. Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University |
| Nysten, P., Holtstam, D. and Jonsson, E. (1999) The Långban minerals. In Långban - The mines,their minerals, geology and explorers (D. Holtstam and J. Langhof, eds.), Swedish Museum of Natural History and Raster Förlag, Stockholm & Chr. Weise Verlag, Munich, pp. 89-183. |
| Kjell Gatedal |
| Hamberg, A. (1890): Mineralogische studien. 10. Über pyrophanit, eine mit dem titaneisen isomorphe verbindung der zusammensetzung MnTiO3, von Harstigen. Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar. 12, 598-604; RRUFF ID: R070211 |
Dana 7:I:539. | |
| Kjellman (analyst) |
| Kjell Gatedal |
| |
Holtstam, D. (1997): Barian magnetoplumbite from Mangruvan, Örebro, Sweden. GFF 119, 17-19. | |
Switzerland | |
| |
| Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 315. |
| Ansermet, S. with contributions of Meisser, N. (2012): Mines et minéraux du Valais. II. Anniviers et Tourtemagne. Musée de la Nature (Sion), Musée Cantonal de Géologie (Lausanne), and Editions Porte-Plumes (Ayer), 374 pp. |
| The Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 44, pp. 000 (2006) page 205; Ansermet, S. (2012): Mines et minéraux du Valais - II. Anniviers et Tourtemagne. With contributions by N. Meisser, Ed. Porte-plumes (Ayer) |
Tajikistan | |
| Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow; Pautov L.A., Agakhanov A.A., Sokolova E.V., Hawthorne F., Karpenko V.Yu. (2011) Byzantievite, Ba5(Ca,REE,Y)22(Ti,Nb)18(SiO4)4[(PO4),(SiO4)]4(BO3)9O21[(OH),F]43(H2O)1.5, a new mineral. New Data on Minerals 46:5-12 |
UK | |
| Smith, W.C. & Claringbull, G.F. (1947): Pyrophanite from the Benallt Mine, Rhiw, Carnarvonshire. Mineralogical Magazine 28, 108-110.; Am Min (1955) 40:32-40 |
United Arab Emirates | |
| E. Gnos et al., Eur. J. Mineral. , 1996, 8, pp. 251-261. |
USA | |
| “Smith, A.E., Jr., 1996, Collecting Arkansas Minerals: A R“Smith, A.E., Jr., 1994, “Through the Scope: Collecting Microminerals at Cove Creek, Magnet Cove, Arkansas”: Rocks & Minerals, 69:180-185.eference and Guide.” and |
Henry Barwood - unpublished (2010) | |
| Rocks and Minerals, (1988) 63:104-125; Rocks and Minerals, (1989) 64:314-322 |
Horvath collection visual id. ; Min News (2000) 16:6 pp 1-5,9 | |
No reference listed | |
| Hewett, Donnel Foster, Charles Wesley Chesterman & Bennie Wyatt Troxel (1961), Tephroite in California manganese deposits: Economic Geology: 56: 41; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California: 173. |
| Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckel |
| Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckel |
| Januzzi, 1976. Mineral Localities of CT & Southeastern NY State, p.229, 235; Schooner, Richard. (circa 1980s), Untitled manuscript on central Connecticut minerals. |
| Minerals of Georgia: Their properties and occurrences. Robert Cook GGWRD Bull 92 |
| R&M 70:4 pp 242-263 |
| R&M 70:4 pp 242-263 |
| R&M 70:4 pp 242-263 |
[MinRec 24:196] | |
| Pavlides, Louis and Milton, Charles, 1962, Geology and Manganese Deposits of the Maple and Hovey Mountains Area, Aroostook County, Maine, U. S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 362, pp. 116 + plates. |
| Pavlides, Louis and Milton, Charles, 1962, Geology and Manganese Deposits of the Maple and Hovey Mountains Area, Aroostook County, Maine, U. S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 362, pp. 116 + plates. |
Pavlides, Louis and Milton, Charles, 1962, Geology and Manganese Deposits of the Maple and Hovey Mountains Area, Aroostook County, Maine, U. S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 362, pp. 116 + plates. | |
| King, V. and Foord, E., 1994, 2000, Mineralogy of Maine, volume 1 and 2, with updates by Van King. |
| "Western Massachusetts Mineral Localities" by Alan Plante, Valley Geology Press, 1992. |
| www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens |
Chakhmouradian A.R. & Mitchell R.H. (1999) Primary, agpaitic and deuteric stages in the evolution of Accessory Sr, REE, Ba and Nb-mineralization in nepheline-syenite pegmatites at Pegmatite Peak, Bearpaw Mts., Montana, Mineral. Petrol., 67: 85-110. | |
| www.cseg.ca/conferences/2000/376.PDF; Chakhmouradian A.R., Mitchell R.H. (2002): The mineralogy of Ba- and Zr-rich alkaline pegmatites from Gordon Butte, Crazy Mountains (Montana, USA): comparisons between potassic and sodic agpaitic pegmatites. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 143, 93-114. |
| Mineralogical Record: 30: 277-292. |
| Craig, J.R., et al: Canadian Mineralogist:23:491-494 (1985); Valentino, A.J., et al: Economic Geology:85:1941-1946; Dunn(1995):Pt4:603. |
| Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd. rev. ed. (1996) |
| [MinRec 12:171] |
| McCoy, T.J., Ehlmann, A.J. & Moore, C. B. (1997) The Leedey, Oklahoma, Chondrite: Fall, petrology, chemistry and an unusual Fe,Ni-FeS inclusion: Meteoritics 32(1): 19-24. (Jan 1997). |
| Speer, J.Alexander.,(1987) Evolution of magmatic AFM mineral assemblages in granitoid rocks :The hornblende+melt = biotite reaction in the Liberty Hill pluton, South Carolina :American Mineralogist,Vol. 72, pg. 863-878 ,1987 |
Speer, J.Alexander.,(1987) Evolution of magmatic AFM mineral assemblages in granitoid rocks :The hornblende+melt = biotite reaction in the Liberty Hill pluton, South Carolina :American Mineralogist,Vol. 72, pg. 863-878 ,1987 | |
Speer, J.Alexander.,(1987) Evolution of magmatic AFM mineral assemblages in granitoid rocks :The hornblende+melt = biotite reaction in the Liberty Hill pluton, South Carolina :American Mineralogist,Vol. 72, pg. 863-878 ,1987 | |
| Econ Geol (1986) 81:1932-1952 |
| Rocks & Minerals 77:5 pp320-325 |
| Minerals of Virginia 1990 by R. V. Dietrich |
Big Rock Quarry, Granite Mountain area, Little Rock, Pulaski Co., Arkansas, USA