Ruthenium
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About Ruthenium
Formula:
(Ru,Ir)
Colour:
Silver-white
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
6½
Crystal System:
Hexagonal
Classification of Ruthenium
Approved
1.AF.05
1 : ELEMENTS (Metals and intermetallic alloys; metalloids and nonmetals; carbides, silicides, nitrides, phosphides)
A : Metals and Intermetallic Alloys
F : Platinum group elements
1 : ELEMENTS (Metals and intermetallic alloys; metalloids and nonmetals; carbides, silicides, nitrides, phosphides)
A : Metals and Intermetallic Alloys
F : Platinum group elements
Dana 7th ed.:
1.2.2.2
1.2.2.2
1 : NATIVE ELEMENTS AND ALLOYS
2 : Platinum Group Metals and Alloys
1 : NATIVE ELEMENTS AND ALLOYS
2 : Platinum Group Metals and Alloys
Physical Properties of Ruthenium
Chemical Properties of Ruthenium
Formula:
(Ru,Ir)
IMA Formula:
Ru
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
Ir,Pt,Rh,Os,Pd,Fe,Ni,Cu
Crystallography of Ruthenium
Crystal System:
Hexagonal
Cell Parameters:
a = 2.7 Å, c = 4.28 Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 1.585
Unit Cell V:
27.02 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Type Occurrence of Ruthenium
Synonyms of Ruthenium
Other Language Names for Ruthenium
Afrikaans:Rutenium
Arabic:روثينيوم
Armenian:Ռոթենիում
Basque:Rutenio
Belarusian:Рутэній
Bengali:রুথেনিয়াম
Bosnian:Rutenijum
Catalan:Ruteni
Corsican:Ruteniu
Croatian:Rutenij
Czech:Ruthenium
Danish:Ruthenium
Dutch:Ruthenium
Esperanto:Rutenio
Estonian:Ruteenium
Farsi/Persian:روتنیوم
Finnish:Rutenium
French:Ruthénium
Friulian:Ruteni
Galician:Rutenio
German:Ruthenium
Greek:Ρουθήνιο
Hebrew:רותניום
Hindi:रुथेनियम
Hungarian:Ruténium
Icelandic:Rúþen
Ido:Rutenio
Indonesian:Rutenium
Italian:Rutenio
Japanese:自然ルテニウム
Javanese:Rutenium
Kannada:ರುಥೇನಿಯಮ್
Korean:루테늄
Kurdish (Latin Script):Rûtenyûm
Latin:Ruthenium
Latvian:Rutēnijs
Lithuanian:Rutenis
Lojban:rukyjinme
Luxembourgish:Ruthenium
Malayalam:റുഥീനിയം
Manx:Rutainium
Norwegian:Ruthenium
Norwegian (Nynorsk):Ruthenium
Occitan:Rutèni
Polish:Ruten
Portuguese:Rutênio
Romanian:Ruteniu
Russian:Рутений
Serbian:Рутенијум
Serbo-Croatian:Rutenijum
Sicilian:Ruteniu
Simplified Chinese:自然钌
Slovak:Ruténium
Slovenian:Rutenij
Spanish:Rutenio
Swahili:Rutheni
Swedish:Rutenium
Tamil:ருத்தேனியம்
Tatar:Ruteni
Thai:รูทีเนียม
Turkish:Rutenyum
Ukrainian:Рутеній
Uzbek (Latin Script):Ruteniy
Vietnamese:Rutheni
Varieties of Ruthenium
| Iridrhodruthenium | A variety of ruthenium rich in rhodium and iridium. It also contains minor amounts of other platinum group elements (PGE). |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| Laurite | 2 photos of Ruthenium associated with Laurite on mindat.org. |
| Osmium | 2 photos of Ruthenium associated with Osmium on mindat.org. |
| Isoferroplatinum | 2 photos of Ruthenium associated with Isoferroplatinum on mindat.org. |
| Palladodymite | 1 photo of Ruthenium associated with Palladodymite on mindat.org. |
| Hongshiite | 1 photo of Ruthenium associated with Hongshiite on mindat.org. |
| Polkanovite | 1 photo of Ruthenium associated with Polkanovite on mindat.org. |
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping
Related Minerals - Dana Grouping (8th Ed.)
| 1.2.2.1 | Osmium | (Os,Ir,Ru) | Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc |
| 1.2.2.3 | Rutheniridosmine | (Ir,Os,Ru) | Hex. |
| 1.2.2.4 | Rhenium | Re | Hex. |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
References for Ruthenium
Reference List:
Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)
Urashima et al (1974) Mineralogical Journal, 7, 438-444.
American Mineralogist (1975): 60: 946.
American Mineralogist (1976): 61: 177.
Internet Links for Ruthenium
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3483.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
Localities for Ruthenium
ⓘ - Click for further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (eg from pseudomorphs.)
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia | |
| G. A. Albertson Data |
| Butt, C.R.M., Robertson, I.D.M. (2003), Ora Banda Sill Platinum Prospect, CRC LEME, 2003 |
Austria | |
| Melcher+Mali (1998) |
Bulgaria | |
| Цинцов, З. (1998). Състав, разпространение и транспорт на минералите на елементите от групата на платината в алувиалните седименти на Благоевградския грабен. Сп. БГД, 59(2), 59-65. |
| Tsintsov, Z. (2004): Sperrylite from alluvial placers of Vurbitsa River, SE Rhodopes. Bulgarian Geological Society, Annual Scientific Conference “Geology 2004”, 16 – 17 December 2004, abstract volume, 92-94. [http://www.bgd.bg/CONFERENCES/Conferencia_2004/pdf_files/Tsintsov.pdf] |
Canada | |
| Escayola, M., Garuti, G., Zaccarini, F., Proenza, J.A., Bédard, J.H. & Van Staal, C. (2011) Chromitite and platinum-group-element mineralization at Middle Arm Brook, Advocate Ophiolite complex, Baie Verte Peninsula, Newfoundland, Canada. Canadian Mineralogist 49, 1523-1547. |
China | |
| Peng Qiming and Xu Hong (1994): Chinese Journal of Geochemistry 13(1), 55-60. |
| Peng Qiming and Xu Hong (1994): Chinese Journal of Geochemistry 13(1), 55-60. |
| Shuihe Mao and Xuecui Zhou (1989): Acta Mineralogica Sinica 9(2), 136-140 |
| Wenji Bai, Jingsui Yang, Qingsong Fang, Binggang Yan, Zhongming Zhang, Yufeng Ren, Nicheng Shi, Zhesheng Ma, and Mingquan Dai (2004): Earth Science Frontiers 11(1), 179-187 |
Colombia | |
| Min Mag (1997) 61:367-375 |
Czech Republic | |
| Pasava, J., Malec, J., Griffin, W. L., & González Jiménez, J. M. (2015). Re–Os isotopic constraints on the source of platinum-group minerals (PGMs) from the Vestřev pyrope-rich garnet placer deposit, Bohemian Massif. |
Dominican Republic | |
| Zaccharini et al. (2009): Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Abhandlungen, 185, 335-349; Proenza, J. A., Zaccarini, F., Lewis, J. F., Longo, F., & Garuti, G. (2007). Chromian spinel composition and the platinum-group minerals of the PGE-rich Loma Peguera chromitites, Loma Caribe peridotite, Dominican Republic. The Canadian Mineralogist, 45(3), 631-648.; McDonald A M, Proenza J A, Zaccarini F, Rudashevsky N S, Cabri L J, Stanley C J, Rudashevsky V N, Melgarejo J C, Lewis J F, Longo F, Bakker R J (2010) Garutiite, (Ni,Fe,Ir), a new hexagonal polymorph of native Ni from Loma Peguera, Dominican Republic. European Journal of Mineralogy 22, 293-304 |
Ethiopia | |
| Pavel M. Kartashov data |
France | |
| Lorand, J.-P., Ducluzaux, B., & Pont, S. (2018). Une nouvelle découverte de pépites de minéraux du groupe du platine (platine, osmium, iridium) en France : les cailloutis et alluvions de la Reyssouze (Ain). Le Règne Minéral 143, 5-16. |
| 5th International Platinum Symposium Bulletin of The Geological Society of Finland Number 61, Part 1,1989,1-64 |
Indonesia | |
| |
Japan (TL) | |
| Urashima et al (1974) Mineralogical Journal, 7, 438-444. |
Mexico | |
| González-Jiménez, J. M., Proenza, J. A., Martini, M., Camprubí, A., Griffin, W. L., O'Reilly, S. Y., & Pearson, N. J. (2015). Deposits associated with ultramafic–mafic complexes in Mexico: the Loma Baya case. Ore Geology Reviews. |
Mongolia | |
| http://www.dmitrenkogg.narod.ru/Mongoliy.htm |
Philippines | |
| Oberthür, T., Melcher, F., & Weiser, T. W. (2017). Detrital Platinum-Group Minerals and Gold In Placers of Southeastern Samar Island, Philippines. The Canadian Mineralogist, 55(1), 45-62. |
Republic of Macedonia | |
| Augé, T., Morin, G., Bailly, L., & Serafimovsky, T. (2017). Platinum-group minerals and their host chromitites in Macedonian ophiolites. European Journal of Mineralogy, 29(4), 585-596. |
Russia | |
| Tolstykh, N., Sidorov, E., & Kozlov, A. (2009). Platinum-group Minerals from the Olkhovaya–1 Placers Related to the Karaginsky Ophiolite Complex, Kamchatskiy Mys Peninsula, Russia. The Canadian Mineralogist, 47(5), 1057-1074. |
| www.cosis.net/abstracts/EAE03/14099/EAE03-A-14099.pdf. | |
| Neradovsky, Y.N., and Savchenko, E.E. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(8), 746-748. |
| Jedwab J.(1990) Native ruthenium in tantalum carbide concentrates from the Ural mountains, USSR, - Miner. and Petrol., v.43, N2, pp. 137-146. |
| P.M. Kartashov analytical data | |
| Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data 2018 |
| [AmMin 84:195] |
South Africa | |
| Melcher, F., & Lodziak, J. (2007). Platinum-group minerals of concentrates from the Driekop platinum pipe, Eastern Bushveld Complex Tribute to Eugen F. Stumpfl. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie-Abhandlungen: Journal of Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 183(2), 173-195. |
| The Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 43, pp. 1711-1734 (2005) | |
| Zaccarini, F., Garuti, G., and Cawthorn, R.G. (2002) Platinum-group minerals in chromitite xenoliths from the Onverwacht and Tweefontein ultramafic pipes, eastern Bushveld Complex. Canadian Mineralogist: 40: 481-497. |
| Zaccarini, F., Garuti, G., & Cawthorn, R. G. (2002). Platinum-group minerals in chromitite xenoliths from the Onverwacht and Tweefontein ultramafic pipes, eastern Bushveld Complex, South Africa. The Canadian Mineralogist, 40(2), 481-497. |
| Zaccarini, F., Tredoux, M., Miller, D. E., Garuti, G., Aiglsperger, T., & Proenza, J. A. (2014). The occurrence of platinum-group element and gold minerals in the Bon Accord Ni-oxide body, South Africa. American Mineralogist, 99(8-9), 1774-1782. |
Spain | |
| Gervilla, F., Gutiérrez-Narbona, R., & Fenoll-Hach-Alí, P. (2002). The origin of different types of magmatic mineralizations from small-volume melts in the lherzolite massifs of the Serranía de Ronda. Boletín de la Sociedad Espanola de Mineralogía, 25, 79-96. |
Turkey | |
| Uysal, İ., Tarkian, M., Sadiklar, M. B., Zaccarini, F., Meisel, T., Garuti, G., & Heidrich, S. (2009). Petrology of Al-and Cr-rich ophiolitic chromitites from the Muğla, SW Turkey: implications from composition of chromite, solid inclusions of platinum-group mineral, silicate, and base-metal mineral, and Os-isotope geochemistry. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 158(5), 659-674. |
USA | |
| Howard, 1987. Mineral Species of Arkansas, addenda |
| Min Mag (1997) 61:367-375 |
| Sjoberg, J. and Gomes, J.M. (1980) Platinum-group minerals in California alluvial deposits. US Bureau of Mines, Reno Research Center, unpublished manuscript: 15, figure 1; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 45. |
| Tony Nikischer |
| Alfredo Petrov collection; Excalibur Mineral Co. analyses |
| Sjoberg, J. and Gomes, J.M. (1980) Platinum-group minerals in California alluvial deposits. US Bureau of Mines, Reno Research Center, unpublished manuscript: 15; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 45. |
| Min Mag (1997) 61:367-375 |
Tumet river, Asosa region, Benshangul-Gumaz Region, Ethiopia