Samarskite-(Y)
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Formula:
(Y,Ce,U,Fe,Nb)(Nb,Ta,Ti)O4
System:
Orthorhombic
Colour:
Black internally, pale ...
Lustre:
Vitreous, Resinous, Sub-Metallic
Hardness:
5 - 6
Member of:
Name:
Named for Colonel Vasilii Yevgrafovich Samarskii-Bykhovets (November 7, 1803 – May 31, 1870), Chief of Staff of the Russian Corps of Mining Engineers.
Classification of Samarskite-(Y)
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
Approval Year:
1980
4/D.19-60
4.DB.25
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
D : Metal: Oxygen = 1:2 and similar
B : With medium-sized cations; chains of edge-sharing octahedra
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
D : Metal: Oxygen = 1:2 and similar
B : With medium-sized cations; chains of edge-sharing octahedra
8.1.11.1
8 : MULTIPLE OXIDES CONTAINING NIOBIUM,TANTALUM OR TITANIUM
1 : ABO4
8 : MULTIPLE OXIDES CONTAINING NIOBIUM,TANTALUM OR TITANIUM
1 : ABO4
18.4.12
18 : Niobates and Tantalates
4 : Niobates and tantalates containing both U and rare earths
18 : Niobates and Tantalates
4 : Niobates and tantalates containing both U and rare earths
Physical Properties of Samarskite-(Y)
Vitreous, Resinous, Sub-Metallic
Colour:
Black internally, pale to yellow-brown surface
Comment:
Brown in transmitted light.
Streak:
Dark reddish brown to black
Hardness (Mohs):
5 - 6
Hardness (Vickers):
VHN100=736 - 897
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Poor/Indistinct
On {010} (?)
On {010} (?)
Fracture:
Conchoidal, Sub-Conchoidal
Density:
5 - 5.69 g/cm3 (Measured) 6.28 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Samarskite-(Y)
Type:
Isotropic
RI values:
n = 2.1 - 2.2
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.000 - Isotropic minerals have no birefringence
Surface Relief:
Very High
Type:
Isotropic
Chemical Properties of Samarskite-(Y)
IMA Formula:
(Y,Ce,U,Fe,Nb)(Nb,Ta,Ti)O4
Crystallography of Samarskite-(Y)
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Space Group:
Pbcn
Cell Parameters:
a = 5.687 Å, b = 4.925 Å, c = 5.21 Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.155 : 1 : 1.058
Unit Cell Volume:
V 145.92 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Prismatic [001] (with rectangular cross-section); tabular {100} or {010} less common; elongated [010] with prominent {101} at times. Crystals rough. Massive.
Crystallographic forms of Samarskite-(Y)
Crystal Atlas:
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Samarskite-(Y) no.7 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
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X-Ray Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.030 | (1000 |
| 3.728 | (15) |
| 2.843 | (15) |
| 2.603 | (15) |
| 2.495 | (10) |
| 1.920 | (10) |
| 1.863 | (10) |
Comments:
(XRD data obtained by heating metamict mineral until crystallinity is restored, with no guarantee that the structure is identical to the original pre-metamict structure.)
Occurrences of Samarskite-(Y)
Type Occurrence of Samarskite-(Y)
Relationship of Samarskite-(Y) to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Group:
| Calciosamarskite | (Ca,Fe3+,Y)2(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O8 |
| Ishikawaite | U4+Fe2+Nb2O8 |
| Samarskite-(Yb) | (Yb,Y,Fe3+,Fe2+,U,Th,Ca)2(Nb,Ta)2O8 |
| Srilankite | ZrTi2O6 |
| 4.DB.05 | Argutite | GeO2 |
| 4.DB.05 | Cassiterite | SnO2 |
| 4.DB.05 | Plattnerite | PbO2 |
| 4.DB.05 | Pyrolusite | MnO2 |
| 4.DB.05 | Rutile | TiO2 |
| 4.DB.05 | Tripuhyite | Fe3+Sb5+O4 |
| 4.DB.05 | Tugarinovite | MoO2 |
| 4.DB.05 | Varlamoffite | (Sn,Fe)(O,OH)2 |
| 4.DB.10 | Byströmite | MgSb25+O6 |
| 4.DB.10 | Tapiolite-(Fe) | Fe2+Ta2O6 |
| 4.DB.10 | Tapiolite-(Mn) | Mn2+Ta2O6 |
| 4.DB.10 | Ordoñezite | ZnSb25+O6 |
| 4.DB.15b | Akhtenskite | MnO2 |
| 4.DB.15c | Nsutite | Mnx2+Mn4+1-xO2-2x(OH)2x |
| 4.DB.15a | Paramontroseite | VO2 |
| 4.DB.15a | Ramsdellite | Mn4+O2 |
| 4.DB.20 | Scrutinyite | PbO2 |
| 4.DB.25 | Ishikawaite | (U,Fe,Y)NbO4 |
| 4.DB.25 | Ixiolite | (Ta,Mn,Nb)O2 |
| 4.DB.25 | Srilankite | Ti2ZrO6 |
| 4.DB.25 | Yttrocolumbite-(Y) | (Y,U,Fe2+)(Nb,Ta)O4 |
| 4.DB.25 | Calciosamarskite | (Ca,Fe,Y)(Nb,Ta,Ti)O4 |
| 4.DB.25 | Samarskite-(Yb) | YbNbO4 |
| 4.DB.30 | Ferberite | Fe2+WO4 |
| 4.DB.30 | Hübnerite | Mn2+WO4 |
| 4.DB.30 | Sanmartinite | ZnWO4 |
| 4.DB.30 | Krasnoselskite | CoWO4 |
| 4.DB.30 | Heftetjernite | ScTaO4 |
| 4.DB.30 | Huanzalaite | MgWO4 |
| 4.DB.35 | Columbite-(Fe) | Fe2+Nb2O6 |
| 4.DB.35 | Tantalite-(Fe) | Fe2+Ta2O6 |
| 4.DB.35 | Columbite-(Mn) | Mn2+Nb2O6 |
| 4.DB.35 | Tantalite-(Mn) | Mn2+Ta2O6 |
| 4.DB.35 | Columbite-(Mg) | MgNb2O6 |
| 4.DB.35 | Qitianlingite | Fe22+Nb2W6+O10 |
| 4.DB.35 | Magnocolumbite | (Mg,Fe,Mn)(Nb,Ta)2O6 |
| 4.DB.35 | Tantalite-(Mg) | MgTa2O6 |
| 4.DB.40 | Ferrowodginite | Fe2+Sn4+Ta2O8 |
| 4.DB.40 | Lithiotantite | LiTa3O8 |
| 4.DB.40 | Lithiowodginite | LiTa3O8 |
| 4.DB.40 | Titanowodginite | Mn2+TiTa2O8 |
| 4.DB.40 | Wodginite | Mn2+Sn4+Ta2O8 |
| 4.DB.40 | Ferrotitanowodginite | Fe2+TiTa2O8 |
| 4.DB.40 | Wolframowodginite | Mn(Mn,Sn,Fe,Ta)(W,Ta,Nb)2O8 |
| 4.DB.45 | Tivanite | TiV3+O3(OH) |
| 4.DB.50 | Carmichaelite | (Ti,Cr,Fe)(O,OH)2 |
| 4.DB.55 | Alumotantite | AlTaO4 |
| 4.DB.60 | Biehlite | Sb23+MoO6 |
| 18.4.1 | Uranpyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977) | (U,Ca,Ce)2(Nb,Ta)2O6(OH,F) |
| 18.4.2 | Yttrocolumbite-(Y) | (Y,U,Fe2+)(Nb,Ta)O4 |
| 18.4.3 | Yttrotantalite-(Y) | (Y,U,Fe2+)(Ta,Nb)2(O,OH)4 |
| 18.4.4 | Ishikawaite | (U,Fe,Y)NbO4 |
| 18.4.5 | Euxenite-(Y) | (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6 |
| 18.4.6 | Tanteuxenite-(Y) | Y(Ta,Nb,Ti)2(O,OH)6 |
| 18.4.7 | Kobeite-(Y) | (Y,U)(Ti,Nb)2(O,OH)6 |
| 18.4.8 | Polycrase-(Y) | Y(Ti,Nb)2(O,OH)6 |
| 18.4.9 | Yttropyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977) | A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z |
| 18.4.10 | Calciobetafite (of Mazzi & Munno) | (Ca,Na)2(Nb,Ti)2(O,OH)7 |
| 18.4.11 | Yttrobetafite (of Hogarth 1977) | A2-mB2X6-wY1-n |
Other Names for Samarskite-(Y)
Name in Other Languages:
Other Information
Health Risks:
Mineral is radioactive, some specimens may be strong radioactive.
References for Samarskite-(Y)
Reference List:
Rose (1839), Ann. Phys.: 48: 555 (as uranotantal).
Rose (1847), Ann. Phys.: 71: 157 (as samarskit [Uranniobit]).
Hermann (1847), J. pr. Chem.: 42: 129 (as Yttroilmenite).
Hermann (1848), J. pr. Chem.: 44: 216.
Dana (1876), American Journal of cience: 11: 202.
Brögger (1881), Geol. För. Förh.: 5: 354 (as Ånnerödite).
Brögger (1906), Vidensk. Selskr., Oslo, Mat.-Nat. Kl.: 6: 142, 154.
Ellsworth (1928), American Mineralogist: 13: 66.
Fenner (1928), American Journal of Science: 16: 382.
Hess and Wells (1930), American Journal of Science: 19: 17.
Machatschki (1932), Chem. Erde: 7: 72.
Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1944), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume I: Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 797-800.
Murdoch, Joseph (1946), Nuevite, a new rare-earth mineral from California (abstract): Geological Society of America Bull.: 57: 1219.
Murdoch, Joseph (1951), Notes on California minerals: nuevite = samarskite; trona, and hanksite; Gaylussite: American Mineralogist: 36: 358-361.
Mineralogical Magazine (1980): 43: 1054.
Sugitani, Y., Suzuki, Y., Nagashima, K. (1984) Recovery of the original samarskite structure by heating in a reducing atmosphere. American Mineralogisrt (1984): 69: 377-379.
Sugitani, Y., Y. Suzuki, and K. Nagashima (1985) Polymorphism of samarskite and its relationship to other structurally related Nb Ta oxides with the alpha-PbO2 structure. American Minealogist (1985): 70: 856-866.
Lumpkin, G.R., Ewing, R.C., and Eyal, Y. (1988) Preferential leaching and natural annealing of alpha-recoil track in metamict betafite and samarskite. Journal of Mater. Res.: 3: 357-368.
Julie K. Warner, Rodney C. Ewing (1993) Crystal chemistry of samarskite. American Mineralogist (1983): 78: 419-424.
Mineralogical Magazine (1999): 63: 27-36.
Tomašić, N.; Gajović, A.; Bermanec, V.; Linarić, M. R.; Su, D.; Škoda, R. (2010): Preservation of the samarskite structure in a metamict ABO4 mineral: a key to crystal structure identification. European Journal of Mineralogy, 22, 435-444.
Rose (1847), Ann. Phys.: 71: 157 (as samarskit [Uranniobit]).
Hermann (1847), J. pr. Chem.: 42: 129 (as Yttroilmenite).
Hermann (1848), J. pr. Chem.: 44: 216.
Dana (1876), American Journal of cience: 11: 202.
Brögger (1881), Geol. För. Förh.: 5: 354 (as Ånnerödite).
Brögger (1906), Vidensk. Selskr., Oslo, Mat.-Nat. Kl.: 6: 142, 154.
Ellsworth (1928), American Mineralogist: 13: 66.
Fenner (1928), American Journal of Science: 16: 382.
Hess and Wells (1930), American Journal of Science: 19: 17.
Machatschki (1932), Chem. Erde: 7: 72.
Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1944), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume I: Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 797-800.
Murdoch, Joseph (1946), Nuevite, a new rare-earth mineral from California (abstract): Geological Society of America Bull.: 57: 1219.
Murdoch, Joseph (1951), Notes on California minerals: nuevite = samarskite; trona, and hanksite; Gaylussite: American Mineralogist: 36: 358-361.
Mineralogical Magazine (1980): 43: 1054.
Sugitani, Y., Suzuki, Y., Nagashima, K. (1984) Recovery of the original samarskite structure by heating in a reducing atmosphere. American Mineralogisrt (1984): 69: 377-379.
Sugitani, Y., Y. Suzuki, and K. Nagashima (1985) Polymorphism of samarskite and its relationship to other structurally related Nb Ta oxides with the alpha-PbO2 structure. American Minealogist (1985): 70: 856-866.
Lumpkin, G.R., Ewing, R.C., and Eyal, Y. (1988) Preferential leaching and natural annealing of alpha-recoil track in metamict betafite and samarskite. Journal of Mater. Res.: 3: 357-368.
Julie K. Warner, Rodney C. Ewing (1993) Crystal chemistry of samarskite. American Mineralogist (1983): 78: 419-424.
Mineralogical Magazine (1999): 63: 27-36.
Tomašić, N.; Gajović, A.; Bermanec, V.; Linarić, M. R.; Su, D.; Škoda, R. (2010): Preservation of the samarskite structure in a metamict ABO4 mineral: a key to crystal structure identification. European Journal of Mineralogy, 22, 435-444.
Internet Links for Samarskite-(Y)
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3512.html
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External Links:
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Specimens:
The following Samarskite-(Y) specimens are currently listed for sale on minfind.com.
Spinelli prospect, Glastonbury, Hartford Co., Connecticut, USA