Aeschynite-(Ce)
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About Aeschynite-(Ce)
Formula:
(Ce,Ca,Fe,Th)(Ti,Nb)2(O,OH)6
Colour:
Black, brown, light brown to yellow
Lustre:
Resinous, Waxy, Sub-Metallic
Hardness:
5 - 6
Specific Gravity:
5.19
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Member of:
Name:
From the Greek αισχύνη ("aeschyne") for "shame", alluding to the fact that early chemists had difficulty with separations of titanium from zirconium in some samples, and the dominant lanthanide element in the composition.
First found by J.N. Menge in 1825 at the Gadolinite Pit (Pits nr. 75-76), Ilmen, Ural, Russia. He first thought it was gadolinite, but later the material was analyzed by Victor Hartwall at the laboratory of the Swedish Chemist Jöns Jacob Berzelius and recognized as a new mineral. Berzelius gave it first the name "zirconia titanate", later aeschynite (Berzelius 1830). Renamed "aeschynite-(Ce)" after applying Levinson’s nomenclature (1966).
First found by J.N. Menge in 1825 at the Gadolinite Pit (Pits nr. 75-76), Ilmen, Ural, Russia. He first thought it was gadolinite, but later the material was analyzed by Victor Hartwall at the laboratory of the Swedish Chemist Jöns Jacob Berzelius and recognized as a new mineral. Berzelius gave it first the name "zirconia titanate", later aeschynite (Berzelius 1830). Renamed "aeschynite-(Ce)" after applying Levinson’s nomenclature (1966).
The cerium analogue of aeschynite-(Y) and the titanium analogue of nioboaeschynite-(Ce). Commonly metamict.
Classification of Aeschynite-(Ce)
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
Notes:
Renamed by the IMA
Approval History:
Renamed by IMA 1987 (special procedure) as aeschynite-(Ce).
4/D.21-20
4.DF.05
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
D : Metal: Oxygen = 1:2 and similar
F : With large (+- medium-sized) cations; dimers and trimers of edgesharing octahedra
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
D : Metal: Oxygen = 1:2 and similar
F : With large (+- medium-sized) cations; dimers and trimers of edgesharing octahedra
8.3.6.1
8 : MULTIPLE OXIDES CONTAINING NIOBIUM,TANTALUM OR TITANIUM
3 : AB2O6
8 : MULTIPLE OXIDES CONTAINING NIOBIUM,TANTALUM OR TITANIUM
3 : AB2O6
18.2.13
18 : Niobates and Tantalates
2 : Niobates and tantalates containing rare earths but not U
18 : Niobates and Tantalates
2 : Niobates and tantalates containing rare earths but not U
Physical Properties of Aeschynite-(Ce)
Resinous, Waxy, Sub-Metallic
Transparency:
Translucent
Comment:
dull when altered
Colour:
Black, brown, light brown to yellow
Comment:
reddish brown to light brown in transmitted light.
Streak:
Nearly black to brown
Hardness:
5 - 6 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Imperfect/Fair
on {100}, interrupted
on {100}, interrupted
Parting:
parallel to {010} when nonmetamict
Fracture:
Conchoidal
Density:
5.19 g/cm3 (Measured) 5.617 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Chemical Properties of Aeschynite-(Ce)
Formula:
(Ce,Ca,Fe,Th)(Ti,Nb)2(O,OH)6
Common Impurities:
REE,Sn
Crystallography of Aeschynite-(Ce)
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Space Group:
Pmna
Cell Parameters:
a = 7.538 Å, b = 10.958 Å, c = 5.396 Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.688 : 1 : 0.492
Unit Cell V:
445.72 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Crystals are prismatic, parallel to [001], also tabular on {010} and striated on {010} parallel to [100]
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 2.037 Å | (25) |
| 2.698 Å | (30) |
| 2.975 Å | (100) |
| 3.024 Å | (80) |
| 3.106 Å | (35) |
| 4.431 Å | (25) |
| 5.48 Å | (25) |
Comments:
Recorded on synthetic CeTiNbO6.
Geological Environment
Geological Setting:
In nepheline syenite and alkali syenite massifs, in granite pegmatites, in carbonatites in alkalic rocks, as a detrital mineral in placers.
Type Occurrence of Aeschynite-(Ce)
Other Language Names for Aeschynite-(Ce)
German:Aeschynit-(Ce)
Italian:Aeschynite-(Ce)
Russian:Эшинит-(Ce)
Simplified Chinese:铈易解石
Spanish:Eschinita-(Ce)
Varieties of Aeschynite-(Ce)
| Alumolyndochite | An aluminum-rich variety of "Lyndochite" [Aeschynite-(Ce)]. |
| Calciolyndochite | A Ca-rich variety of Lyndochite [Aeschynite-(Ce)]. |
Relationship of Aeschynite-(Ce) to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
| Aeschynite-(Nd) | (Nd,Ln,Ca)(Ti,Nb)2(O,OH)6 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
| Aeschynite-(Y) | (Y,Ln,Ca,Th)(Ti,Nb)2(O,OH)6 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmna |
| Nioboaeschynite-(Ce) | (Ce,Ca)(Nb,Ti)2(O,OH)6 | Orth. |
| Nioboaeschynite-(Nd) | (Nd,Ce,Ca,Th)(Nb,Ti,Fe,Ta)2(O,OH)6 | Orth. |
| Nioboaeschynite-(Y) | (Y,REE,Ca,Th,Fe)(Nb,Ti,Ta)2(O,OH)6 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pban |
| Rynersonite | CaTa2O6 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
| Tantalaeschynite-(Y) | Y(Ta,Ti,Nb)2O6 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
| UM2001-09-O:CaNbREESiTiY | (Ca,Y,REE)(Ti,Nb,Si)2(O,OH)6 | |
| Vigezzite | (Ca,Ce)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
Forms a series with:
Common Associates
| Allanite Group | {A12+REE3+}{M3+2M32+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series | |
| Feldspar Group | A group of silicate minerals. |
| Samarskite-(Y) | YFe3+Nb2O8 |
| Titanite | CaTi(SiO4)O |
| Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping
| 4.DF.05 | Aeschynite-(Nd) | (Nd,Ln,Ca)(Ti,Nb)2(O,OH)6 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
| 4.DF.05 | Aeschynite-(Y) | (Y,Ln,Ca,Th)(Ti,Nb)2(O,OH)6 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmna |
| 4.DF.05 | Nioboaeschynite-(Ce) | (Ce,Ca)(Nb,Ti)2(O,OH)6 | Orth. |
| 4.DF.05 | Nioboaeschynite-(Nd) | (Nd,Ce,Ca,Th)(Nb,Ti,Fe,Ta)2(O,OH)6 | Orth. |
| 4.DF.05 | Nioboaeschynite-(Y) | (Y,REE,Ca,Th,Fe)(Nb,Ti,Ta)2(O,OH)6 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pban |
| 4.DF.05 | Rynersonite | CaTa2O6 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
| 4.DF.05 | Tantalaeschynite-(Y) | Y(Ta,Ti,Nb)2O6 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
| 4.DF.05 | Vigezzite | (Ca,Ce)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
| 4.DF.10 | Changbaiite | PbNb2O6 | Trig. |
| 4.DF.15 | Murataite-(Y) | (Y,Na)6Zn(Zn,Fe3+)4(Ti,Nb,Na)12O29(O,F,OH)10F4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m |
Related Minerals - Dana Grouping (8th Ed.)
| 8.3.6.2 | Nioboaeschynite-(Ce) | (Ce,Ca)(Nb,Ti)2(O,OH)6 | Orth. |
| 8.3.6.3 | Aeschynite-(Y) | (Y,Ln,Ca,Th)(Ti,Nb)2(O,OH)6 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmna |
| 8.3.6.4 | Tantalaeschynite-(Y) | Y(Ta,Ti,Nb)2O6 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
| 8.3.6.5 | Aeschynite-(Nd) | (Nd,Ln,Ca)(Ti,Nb)2(O,OH)6 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
| 8.3.6.7 | Nioboaeschynite-(Y) | (Y,REE,Ca,Th,Fe)(Nb,Ti,Ta)2(O,OH)6 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pban |
Related Minerals - Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals Grouping
| 18.2.1 | Fergusonite-(Y) | YNbO4 | Tet. 4/m : I41/a |
| 18.2.2 | Fergusonite-(Y)-β | YNbO4 | Mon. 2/m |
| 18.2.3 | Fergusonite-(Ce) | CeNbO4 · 0.3H2O | |
| 18.2.4 | Fergusonite-(Ce)-β | CeNbO4 | |
| 18.2.5 | Fergusonite-(Nd) | NdNbO4 | |
| 18.2.6 | Fergusonite-(Nd)-β | (Nd,Ce)NbO4 | |
| 18.2.7 | Formanite-(Y) | YTaO4 | Tet. 4/m : I41/a |
| 18.2.8 | Pyrochlore Group | A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z | |
| 18.2.9 | Ceriopyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977) | A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z | |
| 18.2.10 | Strontiopyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977) | A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z | |
| 18.2.11 | Loparite-(Ce) | (Na,REE)Ti2O6 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) |
| 18.2.12 | Fersmite | (Ca,Ce,Na)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2(O,OH,F)6 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcn |
| 18.2.14 | Aeschynite-(Nd) | (Nd,Ln,Ca)(Ti,Nb)2(O,OH)6 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
| 18.2.15 | Aeschynite-(Y) | (Y,Ln,Ca,Th)(Ti,Nb)2(O,OH)6 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmna |
| 18.2.16 | Nioboaeschynite-(Ce) | (Ce,Ca)(Nb,Ti)2(O,OH)6 | Orth. |
| 18.2.17 | Nioboaeschynite-(Nd) | (Nd,Ce,Ca,Th)(Nb,Ti,Fe,Ta)2(O,OH)6 | Orth. |
| 18.2.18 | Tantalaeschynite-(Y) | Y(Ta,Ti,Nb)2O6 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
| 18.2.19 | Vigezzite | (Ca,Ce)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
| 18.2.20 | Murataite-(Y) | (Y,Na)6Zn(Zn,Fe3+)4(Ti,Nb,Na)12O29(O,F,OH)10F4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m |
Other Information
Notes:
radioactive, magnetic
Health Risks:
Contains thorium - always wash hands after handling. Avoid inhaling dust when handling or breaking. Never lick or ingest. Avoid prolonged exposure in proximity of the body. Store away from inhabited areas.
References for Aeschynite-(Ce)
Reference List:
Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)
Berzelius, J. (1830) Mineralogie: Aeschynit. Jahres-Bericht über die Fortschritte der Physischen Wissenschaften: 9: 182-209
Palache, C., Berman, H., Frondel, C. (1944) Dana's system of mineralogy, 7th ed., Vol. 1, 793-797.
Vlasov, K.A., Ed. (1966) Mineralogy of rare elements, Vol. 2, 489-496 .
Aleksandrov, V. B. (1962) The crystal structure of aeschynite. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR: 142: 181-184
Fleischer, M. (1966) Rare earths in the aeschynite-priorite series. The status of lyndochite. Mineralogical Magazine: 35: 801-809.
Ewing, R.C. (1976) A numerical approach toward the classification of complex, orthorhombic, rare-earth, AB2O6-type Nb-Ta-Ti oxides. The Canadian Mineralogist: 14: 111-119.
Anthony, J. W. et al. (1997) Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. 3, 3.
Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow [p. 19-20]
Internet Links for Aeschynite-(Ce)
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-37.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
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External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
Localities for Aeschynite-(Ce)
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Austria | |
| J. W. Anthony et al.: Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. III (1997) |
| R. O. Meyer collection |
| J. W. Anthony et al.: Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. III (1997) | |
Canada | |
| GSC locality database |
| ontariominerals.com |
China | |
| Zhang Peishan, Yang Zhuming, Tao Kejie, and Yang Xueming (1996): "Mineralogy and Geology of Rare Earths in China", Science Press (Beijing), 226 pp. |
| Zhang, M., Suddaby, P., Thompson, R. N., Thirlwall, M. F., & Menzies, M. A. (1995). Potassic volcanic rocks in NE China: geochemical constraints on mantle source and magma genesis. Journal of Petrology, 36(5), 1275-1303. Bai, G. & Yuan, Z. (1985). Carbonatites and related mineral resources. Bull. Inst. Miner. Deposits Chin. Acad. Geol. Sci., 13, 1-193. |
| Zhuming Yang, Rengui Song, Kejie Tao, and Peishan Zhang (2003): Journal of the Chinese Rare Earth Society 21(6), 716-720 |
| Yang, Z., & Woolley, A. (2006). Carbonatites in China: a review. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 27(5), 559-575. |
Czech Republic | |
| Chládek Š., Zimák J.(2016): Asociace Nb-Ta-(Ti-REE) oxidických minerálů v pegmatitu Maršíkov - Lysá hora v Hrubém Jeseníku, Česká republika. Bulletin mineralogicko-petrologického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze 24, 1: 25-31. |
| Pauliš P., Kopecký S., Černý P. 2007: Uranové minerály České Republiky a jejich naleziště. 1. část. (Kutna Hora, issue 1)] |
| Pauliš P., Kopecký S., Černý P. 2007: Uranové minerály České Republiky a jejich naleziště. 1. část. (Kutna Hora, issue 1)] | |
| Pauliš P., Kopecký S., Černý P. 2007: Uranové minerály České Republiky a jejich naleziště. 1. část. (Kutna Hora, issue 1)] | |
France | |
| MONCHOUX P., FONTAN F., DE PARSEVAL P., MARTIN R. F., WANG R. C. (2006) - Igneous albitite dikes in orogenic lherzolithes, Western Pyrénées, France: A possible source for corundum and alkali feldspar xenocrysts in basaltic terranes. I. Mineralogical Asssociations. The Canadian Mineralogist, Vol. 44, pp. 817-842. |
| MONCHOUX P., FONTAN F., DE PARSEVAL P., MARTIN R. F., WANG R. C. (2006) - Igneous albitite dikes in orogenic lherzolithes, Western Pyrénées, France: A possible source for corundum and alkali feldspar xenocrysts in basaltic terranes. I. Mineralogical Asssociations. The Canadian Mineralogist, Vol. 44, pp. 817-842. | |
Germany | |
| Blass, G., Emmerich, F., Graf, HW., Schäfer, Ch., Tschörtner, J., (2006): Minerale der Eifelvulkane, Version 1.0, CD, published by authors |
| Blass, G., Emmerich, F., Graf, HW., Schäfer, Ch., Tschörtner, J., (2006): Minerale der Eifelvulkane, Version 1.0, CD, published by authors |
| Blass, G., Emmerich, F., Graf, HW., Tschörtner, J., Minerale der Eifelvulkane, CD, published by authors, 2006 | |
| Blass, G., Emmerich, F., Graf, HW., Tschörtner, J., Minerale der Eifelvulkane, CD, published by authors, 2006 |
| J. W. Anthony et al.: Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. III (1997) |
| J. W. Anthony et al.: Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. III (1997) |
| Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001 |
Italy | |
| Gieré, R., Williams, C.T. (1992): REE-bearing minerals in a Ti-rich vein from the Adamello contact aureole (Italy). Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 112, 83-100. |
Kazakhstan | |
| no reference |
Mongolia | |
| P.M. Kartashov analytical data |
Namibia | |
| Irene M. Abraham (2009): Geology and spatial distribution of uranium mineralisation in the SK anomaly area, Rossing area, Namibia, Master thesis University of the Witwatersrand. |
Norway | |
| J. W. Anthony et al.: Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. III (1997) |
| Nordrum, F.S. (2001): Noen funn av mineraler i Norge 2000-2001, part II. STEIN 28 (3): 16- 24 |
| J. W. Anthony et al.: Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. III (1997) |
Russia (TL) | |
| Berzelius, J. (1830) Mineralogie: Aeschynit. Jahres-Bericht über die Fortschritte der Physischen Wissenschaften: 9: 182-209; Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow |
| P.M. Kartashov data | |
| http://webmineral.ru/deposits/item.php?id=1227 |
| Handbook of Mineralogy | |
| The Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 39, pp. 1095-1104 (2001) | |
| Handbook of Mineralogy | |
| http://webmineral.ru/deposits/item.php?id=841 | |
| Handbook of Mineralogy | |
| www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/khib.htm |
| Shlyukova Z.V. (1986) Mineralogy of contact formations of Khibina massif, - Moscow, Nauka, p. 96 (in Rus.) |
| www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/lovo.htm | |
| Pavel M. Kartashov data |
Slovakia | |
| Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590k |
South Korea | |
| P.M. Kartashov data |
Spain | |
| Ковальчук, Н. С., & Шумилова, Т. Г. (2014). Редкоземельная и циРконий-ниобиевая минеРализация в алмазсодеРжащих каРбонатитах о. ФуэРтевентуРа (испания). Вестник института геологии Коми научного центра Уральского отделения РАН, (10 (238)). |
Sweden | |
| Sandström, F., Binett, T., Wiklund, C. & Vikström, J. (2010): Alnöområdets geologi och mineralogi. Litiofilen. 27 (2):14-42 |
Switzerland | |
| Guastoni, A., Pennacchioni, G., Pozzi, G., Fioretti, A. M., Walters, J.M. (2014) Tertiary pegmatite dikes of the Central Alps. The Canadian Mineralogist, 52, 2, 191-219; Guastoni, A., Pozzi, G., Secco, L., Schiazza, M., Pennacchioni, G., Fioretti, A. M., Nestola, F. (2016) Monazite-(Ce) and xenotime-(Y) from an LCT, NYF Tertiary pegmatite field: Evidence from a regional study in the Central Alps (Italy and Switzerland). The Canadian Mineralogist, 54, 4, 863-877. |
| J. W. Anthony et al.: Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. III (1997) |
| J. W. Anthony et al.: Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. III (1997) |
USA | |
| Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B.; USGS Open-File Report 80-661 |
| Ream, Lanny L. 2004. Idaho Minerals, 2nd edition, Revised and Updated |
| J. W. Anthony et al.: Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. III (1997) |
| W.E,Hidden.,1882, Notes on some North Carolina Minerals,Jahrb.f.Min,1883,Vo.2,Ref,148-149,America Journal Of Science,1882,Vol.24,pg.372-374 |
| Warner,Julie K.,and Ewing,Rodney C.,(1993) Crystal Chemistry Of Samarskite,American Mineralogist,Vol.78,pg.419-424,Table #2.Specimen #131,G.Lumkin,University of New Mexico |
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Ilmen Nature Reserve, Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia