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Spherocobaltite

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Spherocobaltite

Bou Azzer District, Tazenakht, Ouarzazate Province, Drâa-Tafilalet Region, Morocco
Spherocobaltite

Kamoto, Kolwezi District, Katanga, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Spherocobaltite

Kakanda deposit, Kambove District, Katanga, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Spherocobaltite

Bou Azzer District, Tazenakht, Ouarzazate Province, Drâa-Tafilalet Region, Morocco
Spherocobaltite

Kamoto, Kolwezi District, Katanga, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Spherocobaltite

Kakanda deposit, Kambove District, Katanga, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Spherocobaltite

Bou Azzer District, Tazenakht, Ouarzazate Province, Drâa-Tafilalet Region, Morocco
Spherocobaltite

Kamoto, Kolwezi District, Katanga, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Hide all sections | Show all sections

About SpherocobaltiteHide

Formula:
CoCO3
Colour:
Most commonly dark magenta red; sometimes brownish red, greyish red, or velvet-black (due to surface alteraton)
Lustre:
Vitreous, Sub-Vitreous, Waxy
Hardness:
3 - 4
Specific Gravity:
4.13
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Member of:
Calcite Group
Name:
Named by Albin Weisbach in 1877 from Greek "sphaira", sphere, plus cobalt, alluding to its habit and composition.
Calcite Group.
Often confused with Cobaltoan Calcite or Cobaltoan Dolomite.

NOTE: This is the correct and approved IMA spelling ("sphaerocobaltite" is incorrect). Palache, Berman, and Frondel (1954) list this species as "cobaltocalite" and a confusion is common between the former "cobaltocalcite" and "cobaltoan calcite".


Classification of SpherocobaltiteHide

IMA status:
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
Strunz 8th ed.:
5/B.02-70
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) ed.:
5.AB.05

5 : CARBONATES (NITRATES)
A : Carbonates without additional anions, without H2O
B : Alkali-earth (and other M2+) carbonates
Dana 8th ed.:
14.1.1.5

14 : ANHYDROUS NORMAL CARBONATES
1 : A(XO3)
Hey's CIM Ref.:
11.14.1

11 : Carbonates
14 : Carbonates of Co and Ni

Physical Properties of SpherocobaltiteHide

Lustre:
Vitreous, Sub-Vitreous, Waxy
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Most commonly dark magenta red; sometimes brownish red, greyish red, or velvet-black (due to surface alteraton)
Streak:
Magenta, red, "peach blossom red"
Hardness:
3 - 4 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Poor/Indistinct
On {101¯1} (?)
Density:
4.13 g/cm3 (Measured)    4.21 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of SpherocobaltiteHide

Type:
Uniaxial (-)
RI values:
nω = 1.855 nε = 1.600
Birefringence:
0.255
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.255
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
High
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
Dichroic: O = violet-red; E = rose-red.

Chemical Properties of SpherocobaltiteHide

Formula:
CoCO3
IMA Formula:
Co(CO3)
Elements listed:
C, Co, O - search for minerals with similar chemistry
Common Impurities:
Ca,Ni,Fe,O

Crystallography of SpherocobaltiteHide

Crystal System:
Trigonal
Class (H-M):
3m (3 2/m) - Hexagonal Scalenohedral
Space Group:
R3c
Setting:
R3c
Cell Parameters:
a = 4.658 Å, c = 14.958 Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 3.211
Unit Cell V:
281.06 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
6
Morphology:
Crystals rare. Occurs commonly as small spherical masses with a crystalline surface and concentric and radiated structure; as crusts.

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
3.55 (40)
2.74 (100)
2.33 (20)
2.11 (20)
1.948 (20)
1.702 (30)
1.697 (30)
1.495 (10)
Comments:
ICDD 11-692 (synthetic)

Type Occurrence of SpherocobaltiteHide

Synonyms of SpherocobaltiteHide

Other Language Names for SpherocobaltiteHide

Relationship of Spherocobaltite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:
Calcite Group
Other Members of this group:
CalciteCaCO3Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3c
GaspéiteNi(CO3)Hex.
MagnesiteMgCO3Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3c
OtaviteCdCO3Trig. 3m (3 2/m)
RhodochrositeMnCO3Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3c
SideriteFeCO3Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3c
SmithsoniteZnCO3Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3c

Common AssociatesHide

CarrolliteCu(Co,Ni)2S4
ChrysocollaCu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O
Cobaltoan Calcite(Ca,Co)CO3
Cobaltoan Dolomite(Ca,Mg,Co)CO3
HeterogeniteCo3+O(OH)
MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
Cobaltoan Dolomite11 photos of Spherocobaltite associated with Cobaltoan Dolomite on mindat.org.
Erythrite7 photos of Spherocobaltite associated with Erythrite on mindat.org.
Quartz5 photos of Spherocobaltite associated with Quartz on mindat.org.
Cobaltoan Calcite4 photos of Spherocobaltite associated with Cobaltoan Calcite on mindat.org.
Paratacamite4 photos of Spherocobaltite associated with Paratacamite on mindat.org.
Cobaltlotharmeyerite3 photos of Spherocobaltite associated with Cobaltlotharmeyerite on mindat.org.
Rock Crystal1 photo of Spherocobaltite associated with Rock Crystal on mindat.org.
Heterogenite1 photo of Spherocobaltite associated with Heterogenite on mindat.org.
Roselite-Wendwilsonite Series1 photo of Spherocobaltite associated with Roselite-Wendwilsonite Series on mindat.org.
Cobaltaustinite1 photo of Spherocobaltite associated with Cobaltaustinite on mindat.org.

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz GroupingHide

5.AB.05CalciteCaCO3Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3c
5.AB.05GaspéiteNi(CO3)Hex.
5.AB.05MagnesiteMgCO3Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3c
5.AB.05OtaviteCdCO3Trig. 3m (3 2/m)
5.AB.05RhodochrositeMnCO3Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3c
5.AB.05SideriteFeCO3Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3c
5.AB.05SmithsoniteZnCO3Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3c
5.AB.10AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2Trig. 3 : R3
5.AB.10DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2Trig. 3 : R3
5.AB.10KutnohoriteCaMn2+(CO3)2Trig. 3 : R3
5.AB.10MinrecorditeCaZn(CO3)2Trig. 3 : R3
5.AB.15AragoniteCaCO3Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
5.AB.15CerussitePbCO3Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
5.AB.15StrontianiteSrCO3Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
5.AB.15WitheriteBaCO3Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
5.AB.20VateriteCaCO3Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc
5.AB.25HuntiteCaMg3(CO3)4Trig. 3 2 : R3 2
5.AB.30NorsethiteBaMg(CO3)2Trig. 3 2 : R3 2
5.AB.35AlstoniteBaCa(CO3)2Tric.
5.AB.40OlekminskiteSr(Sr,Ca,Ba)(CO3)2Trig.
5.AB.40ParalstoniteBaCa(CO3)2Trig.
5.AB.45BarytocalciteBaCa(CO3)2Mon. 2/m : P21/m
5.AB.50Carbocernaite(Ca,Na)(Sr,Ce,Ba)(CO3)2Orth. mm2
5.AB.55BenstoniteBa6Ca6Mg(CO3)13Trig. 3 : R3
5.AB.60JuangodoyiteNa2Cu(CO3)2Mon. 2/m : P21/b

Related Minerals - Dana Grouping (8th Ed.)Hide

14.1.1.1CalciteCaCO3Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3c
14.1.1.2MagnesiteMgCO3Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3c
14.1.1.3SideriteFeCO3Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3c
14.1.1.4RhodochrositeMnCO3Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3c
14.1.1.6SmithsoniteZnCO3Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3c
14.1.1.7OtaviteCdCO3Trig. 3m (3 2/m)
14.1.1.8GaspéiteNi(CO3)Hex.

Related Minerals - Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals GroupingHide

11.14.2Kolwezite(Cu,Co)2(CO3)(OH)2Tric.
11.14.3NullaginiteNi2(CO3)(OH)2Mon.
11.14.4HellyeriteNiCO3 · 5.5H2OMon. 2/m : P2/m
11.14.5OtwayiteNi2(CO3)(OH)2 · H2OOrth.
11.14.6ZaratiteNi3(CO3)(OH)4 · 4H2O ?Iso.
11.14.7KambaldaiteNaNi4(CO3)3(OH)3 · 3H2OHex.
11.14.8Glaukosphaerite(Cu,Ni)2(CO3)(OH)2Mon. 2/m : P21/b
11.14.9GaspéiteNi(CO3)Hex.
11.14.10ReevesiteNi6Fe3+2(OH)16(CO3) · 4H2OTrig.
11.14.11ComblainiteNi4Co2(OH)12[CO3] · 3H2OTrig.
11.14.12SzymańskiiteHg16(Ni,Mg)6(CO3)12(OH)12(H3O)8•3H2OHex.

Fluorescence of SpherocobaltiteHide

In UV light:
Not fluorescent

Other InformationHide

Notes:
Slowly soluble in cold HCl. Rapidly soluble in hot acids with effervescence.

Alters to Stainierite.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for SpherocobaltiteHide

Reference List:
Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)
Weisbach, Albin (1877) Jahrb. Berg- und Hüttenwesen, Abh.: 53 (as Sphäro-kobaltit).
Ferro (1899) Atti soc. sc. Genoa: 10: 264.
Larsen, E.S. (1921) The Microscopic Determination of the Nonopaque Minerals, First edition, USGS Bulletin 679: 135.
Pelloux (1927) Ann. Mus. Civico Stor. Nat. Genova: 52: 269.
Ferrari and Colla (1929) Reale accademia nazionale dei Lincei, Rome: 10: 594.
Baccaredda (1932) Rendus Reale accademia nazionale dei Lincei, Rome: 16: 248.
Buttenbach, H. (1947) Les Minéraux de Belgique et du Congo belge, Liége: 236.
Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951) The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Etc. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 175-176 (as Cobaltocalcite).
Reviews in Mineralogy, Mineralogical Society of America: 11.
European Journal of Mineralogy: 3: 501-505.
American Mineralogist (1961) 46: 1283.
Acta Crystallographica (1986) C42: 4.
Gilbert Gauthier & Michel Deliens (1999) Cobalt Minerals of the Katanga Crescent, Congo. Mineralogical Record 30, 255-267.
D.L. Douglass (1999) Cobaltoan Calcites and Dolomites from Katanga. Mineralogical Record 30, 269-273.

Internet Links for SpherocobaltiteHide

Localities for SpherocobaltiteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (eg from pseudomorphs.)

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia
 
  • Northern Territory
    • Central Desert Region
      • Jervois Station
        • Jervois Range
Hodge-Smith, T. (1932) Geological and mineralogical observations in Central Australia. Records of the Australian Museum 18(8), pp.415–442, plates liii–lv [13 September 1932].
  • Queensland
    • Cloncurry Shire
      • Kuridala
Vera Munro-Smith (2006) Cobalt Mineralisation in Selected Australian Deposits. PhD thesis, University of Western Sydney.
      • Selwyn District
Australian Journal of Mineralogy 1(2): 23
  • South Australia
    • Flinders Ranges
      • North Flinders Ranges
        • Vulkathunha - Gammon Ranges National Park
; Noble et al, 1983, Catalogue of South Australian Minerals. SADM handbook 7
Canada
 
  • Ontario
    • Timiskaming District
      • Cobalt-Gowganda region
        • Cobalt area
Knight, Cyril W. (1922). Geology of The Mine Workings of Cobalt and South Lorraine Areas; Thirty - First Annual Report of the Ontario Department of Mines, Vol. 21, Pt.2, P. 36.
Traill R. J. (1983): Catalogue of Canadian Minerals Revised, Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 80-18. P. 338.
Chile
 
  • Atacama Region
    • Copiapó Province
      • Tierra Amarilla
        • Pampa Larga district
samples analysed by Gerhard Mohn and Joy Desor
China
 
  • Qinghai
    • Haixi
      • Golmud Co. (Ge'ermu Co.)
        • Qimantage Mts
Chunyan Dong, Xiaoguo Chi, Fengyue Sun, and Yuan Zhang (2005): Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources 1(1), 29-33
Democratic Republic of the Congo
 
  • Katanga (Shaba)
    • Kambove District
      • Kakanda deposit
Rob Lavinsky specimen; Gauthier, G. and Deliens, M. (1999) Cobalt minerals of the Katanga Crescent, Congo. Mineralogical Record 30 (4): 255-273.; http://www.champ-hannut.be/fichierpdf/Rev%20SP%202017%20NL.pdf
Lapis (1992) 17(3), 13-40.; http://www.champ-hannut.be/fichierpdf/Rev%20SP%202017%20NL.pdf
      • Kamoya
Weiss, S. (2006): Carrollit, Dolomit, Nickelin, Sphärocobaltit und Baryt aus der Provinz Shaba, Kongo. LAPIS 31 (9), 44-46; King, V. & R.L. Morgan (2005), Crystallograpy of Carrollite from the Kamoya South II mine, Democratic Republic of Congo, Rochester Mineralogical Symposium.
      • Shinkolobwe
http://edit.africamuseum.be/geco_website/pdf/Shinkolobwe.pdf
    • Kolwezi District
Lapis (1992) 17(3), 13-40.; http://www.champ-hannut.be/fichierpdf/Rev%20SP%202017%20NL.pdf
ARLIGUIE M collection
L Rantos collection
Gauthier, G. & Deliens, M. (1999): Cobalt minerals of the Katanga Crescent, Congo. Mineralogical Record 30 (4): 255-273
      • Kisamfu
Xiangqian Li, Yanling Yan, and Xianli Xu (2009): Mineral Resources and Geology 29(3), 253-257
      • Kolwezi
Lapis 17(3), 13-40 (1992); Wilson, W. E. (2018) The Musonoi mine, Kolwezi District, Lualaba Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Mineralogical Record 49:236-304
[www.johnbetts-fineminerals.com]
Lapis 17(3), 13-40 (1992)
http://www.tenke.com/s/CopperCobaltDeposit.asp
Fay, I., & Barton, M. D. (2012). Alteration and ore distribution in the Proterozoic Mines Series, Tenke-Fungurume Cu–Co district, Democratic Republic of Congo. Mineralium Deposita, 47(5), 501-519.
Fay, I., & Barton, M. D. (2012). Alteration and ore distribution in the Proterozoic Mines Series, Tenke-Fungurume Cu–Co district, Democratic Republic of Congo. Mineralium Deposita, 47(5), 501-519.
    • Lubumbashi (Elizabethville)
Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 176, 790.
No reference listed
Germany
 
  • North Rhine-Westphalia
    • Siegerland
      • Siegen
        • Eiserfeld
Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
  • Saxony
    • Erzgebirge District
      • Marienberg District
        • Lauta
Hajek, W. (2010): Kristallwelten Marienberg. Weise Verlag, München.
      • Schneeberg
        • Neustädtel
[Jahrb. Berg- und Hüttenwesen, Abh.(1877) p. 53; Clark, 1993 - "Hey's Mineral Index"]
Lapis 30(7/8):41-70 (2005)
Greece
 
  • Attica
    • East Attica
      • Lavreotiki
        • Lavrion District Mines
          • Agios Konstantinos [St Constantine] (Kamariza)
No reference listed
Italy
 
  • Emilia-Romagna
    • Parma Province
      • Berceto
        • Corchia mine
ADORNI F., GUELFI F. (1997) - La miniera di Fe e Cu di Corchia, Berceto, Appennino Parmense. - Riv. Min. It., N. 3, 217-250.
  • Liguria
    • Genova Province
      • Genova
        • Borzoli
analysed by Dr. Anthony Kampf, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, USA
      • Sestri Levante
Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 176.
    • Savona Province
      • Castelvecchio di Rocca Barbena
Pelloux, A. (1926) Res Ligusticae LVI. Sferocobaltite e altri minerali della valle del Neva. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria, 52 (1925-1928), 269-272; Palache, C., Berman, H., Frondel, C. (1951) The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892. Seventh edition, revised and enlarged. Volume II. Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, etc. John Wiley & Sons, New York, pages 175-176 (reported as cobaltocalcite); Gramaccioli, C.M. (1975) Minerali alpini e prealpini. Istituto Italiano Edizioni Atlas, Bergamo, 2 vol., 472 pp.; Antofilli, M., Borgo, E., Palenzona, A. (1985) I nostri minerali. Geologia e mineralogia in Liguria. II Edizione. SAGEP Editrice, Genova, 296 pp.; Anthony, J.W., Bideaux, R.A., Bladh, K.W., Nichols, M.C. (2003) Handbook of Mineralogy. Volume V. Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates. Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson, Arizona, 813 pp.; Belmonte, D., Bracco, R., Marchesini, M. (2010) Ma la sferocobaltite in Liguria ...? Prie - Notiziario di mineralogia ligure, 6, Maggio – Agosto 2010, 50-55.
  • Sardinia
    • Carbonia-Iglesias Province
      • Fluminimaggiore
Stara, P., Rizzo, R., Tanca, G.A. (1996): Iglesiente e Arburese. Miniere e Minerali. Edito a cura dell'EMSA e "varie associazioni mineralogiche", Volume 2°, 192 pp.
    • Medio Campidano Province
      • Gonnosfanadiga
Stara, P., Rizzo, R., Tanca, G.A. (1996): Iglesiente e Arburese. Miniere e Minerali. Edito a cura dell'EMSA e "varie associazioni mineralogiche", Volume 2, 192 pp.
Stara, P., Rizzo, R., Tanca, G.A. (1996): Iglesiente e Arburese. Miniere e Minerali. Edito a cura dell'EMSA e "varie associazioni mineralogiche", Volume 2°, 239 pp.
Japan
 
  • Honshu Island
    • Kinki Region
      • Hyogo Prefecture
        • Asago City
          • Ikuno-cho-ono
Kato (1973) Sakurai Koubutsu Hyohon, 35. (Kinichi Sakurai collection)
Mexico
 
  • Baja California Sur
    • Mun. de Mulegé
      • Santa Rosalía
Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 176; Mineralogical Record: 29: 43.
          • Arroyo de la Providencia
Panczner (1987): 348, 350.
          • Arroyo de la Soledad
Panczner(1987):92-350.
          • Arroyo del Boleo
Panczner(1987):92-350.
  • Zacatecas
    • Mun. de Concepción del Oro
      • Aranzazú
Panczner(1987):84-359.
Panczner(1987):350.
Morocco
 
  • Drâa-Tafilalet Region
    • Ouarzazate Province
      • Tazenakht
        • Bou Azzer District (Bou Azer District)
          • Aghbar
Favreau, G. and Dietrich, J. E. (2006). Die Mineralien von Bou Azzer. Lapis 31(7/8), 27-68
Favreau, G. and Dietrich, J. E. (2006). Die Mineralien von Bou Azzer. Lapis 31(7/8), 27-68
          • Agoudal
Tomasz Praszkier (2010) Lapis, 35, #11, 29-31.
Favreau, G. and Dietrich, J. E. (2006). Die Mineralien von Bou Azzer. Lapis 31(7/8), 27-68
          • Aït Ahmane
Favreau, G. and Dietrich, J. E. (2006). Die Mineralien von Bou Azzer. Lapis 31(7/8), 27-68
          • Bou Azzer Mine (Bou Azer Mine; Bouazzar Mine)
Favreau, G. and Dietrich, J. E. (2006). Die Mineralien von Bou Azzer. Lapis 31(7/8), 27-68
          • Oumlil
Favreau, G. and Dietrich, J. E. (2006). Die Mineralien von Bou Azzer. Lapis 31(7/8), 27-68
Slovakia
 
  • Košice Region
    • Rožňava Co.
Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p
      • Dobšiná mining district (Dobschau; Topschau)
Zipser Ch. A., 1817: Versuch eines topograpisch-mineralogischen Handbuches von Ungarn. Carl Friedrich Wigand, Oedenburg, 440 p. (in German)
Spain
 
  • Andalusia
    • Almería
      • Huércal-Overa
        • Cuesta Alta
          • Cerro Minado Mines
VIÑALS, J., FAVREAU, G., and EYTIER C. & J.-R. (2010): Bobkingite, capgaronnite, juanitaite, gerhardtite, reevesite and other rare minerals from Cerro Minado, Huercal-Overa (Almería). Mineral Up, 4, 3, 6-23 Versions simultaneously published in Catalan (Mineralogistes de Catalunya); in Spanish version (Revista de Minerales).
    • Córdoba
      • Villanueva de Córdoba
Schnorrer, G. (2000): Die Minerale der ehemaligen Grube Espuela de San Miguel bei Villanueva de Cordoba, Prov. Cordoba in Spanien. Der Aufschluss, 51, 211-222. (in German)
Switzerland
 
  • Wallis (Valais)
Frank Keutsch collection; specimen with spherocobaltite (Ca-free), safflorite and heterogenite.
USA
 
  • Arizona
    • Coconino Co.
      • Cameron District
Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 376; Austin, S.R. (1964), Mineralogy of the Cameron area, Coconino Co., AZ, US Atomic Energy Comm. RME 99. Tech Inf. Serv., Oak Ridge, TN: 99.; Bollin, E. M., & Kerr, P. F. (1958). Uranium mineralization near Cameron, Arizona. In Guidebook of the Black Mesa Basin, northern Arizona: New Mexico Geological Society, 9th Field Conference Society Guidebook (Vol. 9, pp. 161-168).
  • Utah
    • Emery Co.
      • San Rafael District (San Rafael Swell)
Am Min 40:201-206
Zambia
 
  • Copperbelt
    • Chililabombwe
Torremans, K., Gauquie, J., Boyce, A. J., Barrie, C. D., Dewaele, S., Sikazwe, O., & Muchez, P. (2013). Remobilisation features and structural control on ore grade distribution at the Konkola stratiform Cu–Co ore deposit, Zambia. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 79, 10-23.
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