Spodumene
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About Spodumene
Formula:
LiAlSi2O6
Colour:
Colourless, yellow, light green, emerald-green, pink to violet, purple, white, gray
Lustre:
Vitreous, Dull
Hardness:
6½ - 7
Specific Gravity:
3.1 - 3.2
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
From Greek "spodoumenos", reduced to ashes, alluding to the grayish-white mass that is formed when the mineral is ignited.
Type Locality:
Pyroxene Group - Clinopyroxene Subgroup.
Spodumene is worked as an ore of lithium, but it is most highly prized as a gem material - the varieties Kunzite (pink) and Hiddenite (green) are especially sought after. It is usually found as a constituent of lithium-rich pegmatites.
Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Spodumene.
Spodumene is worked as an ore of lithium, but it is most highly prized as a gem material - the varieties Kunzite (pink) and Hiddenite (green) are especially sought after. It is usually found as a constituent of lithium-rich pegmatites.
Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Spodumene.
Classification of Spodumene
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
8/F.01-120
9.DA.30
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
A : Inosilicates with 2-periodic single chains, Si2O6; pyroxene family
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
A : Inosilicates with 2-periodic single chains, Si2O6; pyroxene family
65.1.4.1
65 : INOSILICATES Single-Width,Unbranched Chains,(W=1)
1 : Single-Width Unbranched Chains, W=1 with chains P=2
65 : INOSILICATES Single-Width,Unbranched Chains,(W=1)
1 : Single-Width Unbranched Chains, W=1 with chains P=2
16.1.2
16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
1 : Aluminosilicates of Li
16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
1 : Aluminosilicates of Li
Pronounciation of Spodumene
Pronounciation:
Play | Recorded by | Country |
---|---|---|
Jolyon & Katya Ralph | United Kingdom |
Physical Properties of Spodumene
Vitreous, Dull
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Colourless, yellow, light green, emerald-green, pink to violet, purple, white, gray
Streak:
White
Hardness:
6½ - 7 on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
Perfect
Density:
3.1 - 3.2 g/cm3 (Measured)
Optical Data of Spodumene
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.648 - 1.661 nβ = 1.655 - 1.670 nγ = 1.662 - 1.679
2V:
Measured: 54° to 69°, Calculated: 88°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.014 - 0.018

Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
weak
Chemical Properties of Spodumene
Formula:
LiAlSi2O6
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
Fe,Mn,Mg,Ca,Na,K,H2O
Crystallography of Spodumene
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Cell Parameters:
a = 9.46 Å, b = 8.39 Å, c = 5.22 Å
β = 110.17°
β = 110.17°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.128 : 1 : 0.622
Unit Cell V:
388.90 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Crystallographic forms of Spodumene
Crystal Atlas:
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X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Image Loading
Radiation - Copper Kα
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Type Occurrence of Spodumene
Synonyms of Spodumene
Other Language Names for Spodumene
Basque:Espodumeno
Croatian:Spodumen
Dutch:Spodumeen
Estonian:Spodumeen
Finnish:Spodumeeni
French:Spodumène
German:Spodumen
Hungarian:Spodumen
Italian:Spodumene
Lithuanian:Spodumenas
Norwegian:Spodumen
Polish:Spodumen
Portuguese:Espodúmena
Russian:Сподумен
Simplified Chinese:锂辉石
Swedish:Spodumen
Traditional Chinese:鋰輝石
Varieties of Spodumene
Hiddenite | Hiddenite was not originally defined by Kunz as has been sometimes claimed. Smith (1881) did state: "I have employed all the necessary care in examining for chromium, but have found no indication of its presence." Smith tried to verify the presence of van... |
Kunzite | A pink gem variety of Spodumene. |
Relationship of Spodumene to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Aegirine | NaFe3+Si2O6 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
Aegirine-augite | (NaaCabFe2+cMgd)(Fe3+eAlfFe2+gMgh)Si2O6 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
Augite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
Clinoenstatite | MgSiO3 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
Clinoferrosilite | Fe2+SiO3 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
Esseneite | CaFe3+[AlSiO6] | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
Hedenbergite | CaFe2+Si2O6 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
Jadeite | Na(Al,Fe3+)Si2O6 | Mon. |
Jervisite | NaSc3+Si2O6 | Mon. |
Johannsenite | CaMn2+Si2O6 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
Kanoite | Mn2+(Mg,Mn2+)Si2O6 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
Kosmochlor | NaCrSi2O6 | Mon. |
Kushiroite | CaAl[AlSiO6] | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
Namansilite | NaMn3+Si2O6 | Mon. |
Natalyite | NaV3+Si2O6 | Mon. |
Omphacite | (NaaCabFe2+cMgd)(AleFe3+fFe2+gMgh)Si2O6 | Mon. 2/m |
Petedunnite | Ca(Zn,Mn2+,Mg,Fe2+)Si2O6 | Mon. |
Pigeonite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
Quartz | 45 photos of Spodumene associated with Quartz on mindat.org. |
Muscovite | 31 photos of Spodumene associated with Muscovite on mindat.org. |
Elbaite | 29 photos of Spodumene associated with Elbaite on mindat.org. |
Albite | 28 photos of Spodumene associated with Albite on mindat.org. |
Lepidolite | 22 photos of Spodumene associated with Lepidolite on mindat.org. |
Cleavelandite | 15 photos of Spodumene associated with Cleavelandite on mindat.org. |
Kunzite | 14 photos of Spodumene associated with Kunzite on mindat.org. |
Spessartine | 12 photos of Spodumene associated with Spessartine on mindat.org. |
Aquamarine | 11 photos of Spodumene associated with Aquamarine on mindat.org. |
Eucryptite | 10 photos of Spodumene associated with Eucryptite on mindat.org. |
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping
9.DA. | Protoenstatite | Mg2Si2O6 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcn |
9.DA.05 | Donpeacorite | (Mn2+,Mg)Mg[SiO3]2 | Orth. |
9.DA.05 | Enstatite | MgSiO3 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbca |
9.DA.05 | Ferrosilite | FeSiO3 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbca |
9.DA.10 | Clinoenstatite | MgSiO3 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
9.DA.10 | Clinoferrosilite | Fe2+SiO3 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
9.DA.10 | Kanoite | Mn2+(Mg,Mn2+)Si2O6 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
9.DA.10 | Pigeonite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
9.DA.15 | Augite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
9.DA.15 | Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
9.DA.15 | Esseneite | CaFe3+[AlSiO6] | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
9.DA.15 | Hedenbergite | CaFe2+Si2O6 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
9.DA.15 | Johannsenite | CaMn2+Si2O6 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
9.DA.15 | Petedunnite | Ca(Zn,Mn2+,Mg,Fe2+)Si2O6 | Mon. |
9.DA.15 | Davisite | CaScAlSiO6 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
9.DA.15 | Kushiroite | CaAl[AlSiO6] | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
9.DA.15 | Grossmanite | CaTi3+ AlSiO6 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
9.DA.20 | Aegirine-augite | (NaaCabFe2+cMgd)(Fe3+eAlfFe2+gMgh)Si2O6 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
9.DA.20 | Omphacite | (NaaCabFe2+cMgd)(AleFe3+fFe2+gMgh)Si2O6 | Mon. 2/m |
9.DA.25 | Aegirine | NaFe3+Si2O6 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
9.DA.25 | Jadeite | Na(Al,Fe3+)Si2O6 | Mon. |
9.DA.25 | Jervisite | NaSc3+Si2O6 | Mon. |
9.DA.25 | Kosmochlor | NaCrSi2O6 | Mon. |
9.DA.25 | Namansilite | NaMn3+Si2O6 | Mon. |
9.DA.25 | Natalyite | NaV3+Si2O6 | Mon. |
Related Minerals - Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals Grouping
16.1.1 | Petalite | LiAl(Si4O10) | Mon. 2/m : P2/b |
16.1.3 | Eucryptite | LiAlSiO4 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
16.1.4 | Virgilite | LiAlSi2O6 | Hex. 6 2 2 : P62 2 2 |
16.1.5 | Cookeite | (Al2Li)Al2(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 | Mon. 2/m |
16.1.6 | Bikitaite | LiAlSi2O6 · H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
16.1.7 | Lunijianlaite | Li0.7Al6.2(AlSi7O20)(OH,O)10 | Mon. |
16.1.8 | Swinefordite | Li(Al,Li,Mg)4((Si,Al)4O10)2(OH,F)4 · nH2O | Mon. |
16.1.9 | Holmquistite | ☐{Li2}{Mg3Al2}(Si8O22)(OH)2 | Orth. |
16.1.13 | Clino-holmquistite Root Name | ☐{Li2}{Z2+3Z3+2}(Si8O22)(OH,F,Cl)2 | Mon. |
16.1.14 | Magnesioholmquistite | ☐{Li2}{Mg3Al2}(Si8O22)(OH)2 | |
16.1.15 | Bityite | LiCaAl2(AlBeSi2O10)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
16.1.16 | Sogdianite | K(□,Na)2Li3(Zr,Fe,Ti)2[Si12O30] | Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P6/mcc |
16.1.17 | Sugilite | K(Na,□)2Li3(Fe,Mn,Al,Zr)2[Si12O30] | Hex. |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Spodumene in petrology
An essential component of rock names highlighted in red, an accessory component in rock names highlighted in green.
References for Spodumene
Reference List:
Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)
Dana, E.S. (1892) Dana's system of mineralogy, 6th edition. New York: 366-369.
Gabriel A., Slavin, M., Carl, H.F. (1942) Minor constituents in spodumene. Economic Geology: 37: 116-125.
Clark, J.R., Appleman, D.E., Papike, J.J. (1969) Crystal-chemical characterization of clinopyroxenes based on eight new structure refinements. MSA Special Paper: 2: 31-50.
Cameron, M., Shigeho, S., Prewitt, C.T., Papike, J.J. (1973) High temperature crystal chemistry of acmite, diopside, hedenbergite, jadeite, spodumene and ureyite. American Mineralogist: 58: 594-618.
Deer, W.A., Howie, R.A, Zussman, J. (1978) Rock-forming minerals, 2nd edition, vol. 2A, single-chain silicates: 527-544.
Kuntzinger, S., Ghermani, N.E. (1999) Electron density distribution and Madelung potential in α-spodumene, LiAl(SiO3)2, from two-wavelength high-resolution X-ray diffraction data. Acta Crystallographica: B55: 273-284.
Arlt, T., Angel, R. (2000) Displacive phase transitions in C-centered clinopyroxenes: spodumene, LiScSi2O6, and ZnSiO3. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals: 27: 719-731.
Filip, J., Novak, M., Beran, A., Zboril, R. (2006) Crystal chemistry and OH defect concentrations in spodumenes from different granitic pegmatites. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals: 32: 733-746.
Internet Links for Spodumene
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3733.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
Specimens:
The following Spodumene specimens are currently listed for sale on minfind.com.
Localities for Spodumene
Locality List




All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Afghanistan | |
| Orris, G.J., and Bliss, J.D. (2002): Mines and Mineral Occurrences of Afghanistan. United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-110 |
Orris, G.J., and Bliss, J.D. (2002): Mines and Mineral Occurrences of Afghanistan. United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-110 | |
Orris, G.J., and Bliss, J.D. (2002): Mines and Mineral Occurrences of Afghanistan. United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-110 | |
Orris, G.J., and Bliss, J.D. (2002): Mines and Mineral Occurrences of Afghanistan. United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-110 | |
Orris, G.J., and Bliss, J.D. (2002): Mines and Mineral Occurrences of Afghanistan. United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-110 | |
| Orris, G.J., and Bliss, J.D. (2002): Mines and Mineral Occurrences of Afghanistan. United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-110 |
| Orris, G.J., and Bliss, J.D. (2002): Mines and Mineral Occurrences of Afghanistan. United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-110 |
Orris, G.J., and Bliss, J.D. (2002): Mines and Mineral Occurrences of Afghanistan. United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-110 | |
| Orris, G.J., and Bliss, J.D. (2002): Mines and Mineral Occurrences of Afghanistan. United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-110 |
| Orris, G.J., and Bliss, J.D. (2002): Mines and Mineral Occurrences of Afghanistan. United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-110 |
Orris, G.J., and Bliss, J.D. (2002): Mines and Mineral Occurrences of Afghanistan. United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-110 | |
| Orris, G.J., and Bliss, J.D. (2002): Mines and Mineral Occurrences of Afghanistan. United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-110 |
[var: Kunzite] | |
[MinRec 32:490] | |
[var: Kunzite] Orris, G.J., and Bliss, J.D. (2002): Mines and Mineral Occurrences of Afghanistan. United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-110 | |
| Orris, G.J., and Bliss, J.D. (2002): Mines and Mineral Occurrences of Afghanistan. United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-110 |
[var: Kunzite] [www.johnbetts-fineminerals.com] | |
| [var: Kunzite] Rob Lavinsky specimen |
| Orris, G.J., and Bliss, J.D. (2002): Mines and Mineral Occurrences of Afghanistan. United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-110. |
| Orris, G.J., and Bliss, J.D. (2002): Mines and Mineral Occurrences of Afghanistan. United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-110 |
Orris, G.J., and Bliss, J.D. (2002): Mines and Mineral Occurrences of Afghanistan. United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-110.; Orris, G.J., and Bliss, J.D. (2002): Mines and Mineral Occurrences of Afghanistan. United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-110 | |
| Orris, G.J., and Bliss, J.D. (2002): Mines and Mineral Occurrences of Afghanistan. United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-110 |
Orris, G.J., and Bliss, J.D. (2002): Mines and Mineral Occurrences of Afghanistan. United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-110 | |
| Orris, G.J., and Bliss, J.D. (2002): Mines and Mineral Occurrences of Afghanistan. United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-110 |
| Orris, G.J., and Bliss, J.D. (2002): Mines and Mineral Occurrences of Afghanistan. United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-110 |
Orris, G.J., and Bliss, J.D. (2002): Mines and Mineral Occurrences of Afghanistan. United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-110 | |
Orris, G.J., and Bliss, J.D. (2002): Mines and Mineral Occurrences of Afghanistan. United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-110 | |
[var: Kunzite] Orris, G.J., and Bliss, J.D. (2002): Mines and Mineral Occurrences of Afghanistan. United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-110 | |
[var: Kunzite] Orris, G.J., and Bliss, J.D. (2002): Mines and Mineral Occurrences of Afghanistan. United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-110 | |
| Rob Lavinsky |
| [var: Kunzite] Orris, G.J., and Bliss, J.D. (2002): Mines and Mineral Occurrences of Afghanistan. United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-110 |
[var: Kunzite] [www.johnbetts-fineminerals.com] | |
[var: Kunzite] Orris, G.J., and Bliss, J.D. (2002): Mines and Mineral Occurrences of Afghanistan. United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-110 | |
| Orris, G.J., and Bliss, J.D. (2002): Mines and Mineral Occurrences of Afghanistan. United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-110 |
Orris, G.J., and Bliss, J.D. (2002): Mines and Mineral Occurrences of Afghanistan. United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-110 | |
[var: Kunzite] Van King | |
[var: Kunzite] Orris, G.J., and Bliss, J.D. (2002): Mines and Mineral Occurrences of Afghanistan. United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-110 | |
[var: Kunzite] Orris, G.J., and Bliss, J.D. (2002): Mines and Mineral Occurrences of Afghanistan. United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-110 | |
| Orris, G.J., and Bliss, J.D. (2002): Mines and Mineral Occurrences of Afghanistan. United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-110 |
various added photos | |
| [var: Kunzite] Orris, G.J., and Bliss, J.D. (2002): Mines and Mineral Occurrences of Afghanistan. United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-110 |
Orris, G.J., and Bliss, J.D. (2002): Mines and Mineral Occurrences of Afghanistan. United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-110 | |
Orris, G.J., and Bliss, J.D. (2002): Mines and Mineral Occurrences of Afghanistan. United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-110 | |
Orris, G.J., and Bliss, J.D. (2002): Mines and Mineral Occurrences of Afghanistan. United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-110 | |
| Orris, G.J., and Bliss, J.D. (2002): Mines and Mineral Occurrences of Afghanistan. United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-110 |
Orris, G.J., and Bliss, J.D. (2002): Mines and Mineral Occurrences of Afghanistan. United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-110 | |
Orris, G.J., and Bliss, J.D. (2002): Mines and Mineral Occurrences of Afghanistan. United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-110 | |
[var: Kunzite] Orris, G.J., and Bliss, J.D. (2002): Mines and Mineral Occurrences of Afghanistan. United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-110 | |
Orris, G.J., and Bliss, J.D. (2002): Mines and Mineral Occurrences of Afghanistan. United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-110 | |
Orris, G.J., and Bliss, J.D. (2002): Mines and Mineral Occurrences of Afghanistan. United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-110 | |
| Orris, G.J., and Bliss, J.D. (2002): Mines and Mineral Occurrences of Afghanistan. United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-110 |
Orris, G.J., and Bliss, J.D. (2002): Mines and Mineral Occurrences of Afghanistan. United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-110 | |
Orris, G.J., and Bliss, J.D. (2002): Mines and Mineral Occurrences of Afghanistan. United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-110 | |
Orris, G.J., and Bliss, J.D. (2002): Mines and Mineral Occurrences of Afghanistan. United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-110 | |
Orris, G.J., and Bliss, J.D. (2002): Mines and Mineral Occurrences of Afghanistan. United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-110 | |
Orris, G.J., and Bliss, J.D. (2002): Mines and Mineral Occurrences of Afghanistan. United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-110 | |
| Orris, G.J., and Bliss, J.D. (2002): Mines and Mineral Occurrences of Afghanistan. United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-110 |
| Orris, G.J., and Bliss, J.D. (2002): Mines and Mineral Occurrences of Afghanistan. United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-110 |
| Orris, G.J., and Bliss, J.D. (2002): Mines and Mineral Occurrences of Afghanistan. United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-110 |
Orris, G.J., and Bliss, J.D. (2002): Mines and Mineral Occurrences of Afghanistan. United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-110 | |
| Orris, G.J., and Bliss, J.D. (2002): Mines and Mineral Occurrences of Afghanistan. United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-110 |
Angola | |
| Antonio Olimpio Gonçalves, Joan Carles Melgarejo, Pura Alfonso Abella (2009) SEQUENCE OF CRYSTALLISATION OF PEGMATITES: THE ANGOLA CASE. Estudos Geológicos v. 19 (2), pp 35-39 |
Antarctica | |
| Faure, G.; Felder, R.P. (1984) Lithium-bearing pegmatite and bismuth-antimony-lead-copper-bearing veinlets on Mount Madison, Byrd Glacier area. Antarctic Journal of the U.S., 19(5), 13-14. |
Argentina | |
| Econ Geol (1995) 90:636-647 |
Dirección Provincial de Geología y Minería de la Provincia de Catamarca (1970). Padrón de Minas. | |
Raúl Jorge Tauber Larry´s collection. | |
Dirección Provincial de Geología y Minería de la Provincia de Catamarca (1970). Padrón de Minas. | |
Raúl Jorge Tauber Larry´s collection. | |
Dirección Provincial de Geología y Minería de la Provincia de Catamarca (1970). Padrón de Minas. | |
Dirección Provincial de Geología y Minería de la Provincia de Catamarca (1970). Padrón de Minas. | |
Dirección Provincial de Geología y Minería de la Provincia de Catamarca (1970). Padrón de Minas. | |
Dirección Provincial de Geología y Minería de la Provincia de Catamarca (1970). Padrón de Minas. | |
Econ Geol (1995) 90:636-647 | |
Dirección Provincial de Geología y Minería de la Provincia de Catamarca (1970). Padrón de Minas. | |
Dirección Provincial de Geología y Minería de la Provincia de Catamarca (1970). Padrón de Minas. | |
Econ Geol (1995) 90:636-647 | |
| Tourmaline (extraLapis English, no. 3, 2002), p 96.; Econ Geol (1995) 90:636-647 |
| Econ Geol (1995) 90:636-647 |
Econ Geol (1995) 90:636-647 | |
| Milka K. de Brodtkorb (2002) Las Especies Minerales de la Republica Argentina. Vol. 1 (elements, sulphides and sulphosalts). (Asociacion Mineralogica Argentina); Galliski, M. A. (1983). Distrito minero El Quemado, Deptos. La Poma y Cachi, provincia de Salta. II. Geología de sus pegmatitas. Rev. Asoc. Geol. Argentina, 38, 340-380. |
Márquez-Zavalía, M. F., Galliski, M. Á., Černý, P., & Chapman, R. (2012). An Assemblage Of Bismuth-Rich, Tellurium-Bearing Minerals In The El Quemado Granitic Pegmatite, Nevados De Palermo, Salta, Argentina. The Canadian Mineralogist, 50(6), 1489-1498.; Galliski, M. A., & Černý, P. (2006). Geochemistry and structural state of columbite-group minerals in granitic pegmatites of the Pampean Ranges, Argentina. The Canadian Mineralogist, 44(3), 645-666. | |
Galliski, M. A., & Černý, P. (2006). Geochemistry and structural state of columbite-group minerals in granitic pegmatites of the Pampean Ranges, Argentina. The Canadian Mineralogist, 44(3), 645-666. | |
| Econ Geol (1995) 90:636-647; Galliski M A, Černý P, Márquez-Zavalía M F, Chapman R (1999) Ferrotitanowodginite, Fe2+TiTa2O8, a new mineral of the wodginite group from the San Elías pegmatite, San Luis, Argentina. American Mineralogist 84, 773-777 |
| Miguel Ángel Galliski, María Florencia Márquez-Zavalía, Petr Černý, Julio César Oyarzábal, Ana Cecilia Mugas Lobos (2015) The anatomy of an albite-type granitic pegmatite from the Totoral pegmatite field, San Luis, Argentina. Journal of Geosciences, 60:31–44 |
| OYARZABAL, J. and GALLISKI, M.A.. Hureaulite, Mn+25(H2O)4[PO3(OH)]2[PO4]2, from different deposits of the Totoral pegmatitic field, San Luis. Rev. Asoc. Geol. Argent. [online]. 2007, vol.62, n.2, pp. 210-216. |
Černý, P., Galliski, M. A., Oyarzábal, J. C., Teertstra, D. K., Chapman, R., MacBride, L., & Ferreira, K. (2003). Stranded and equilibrated assemblages of late feldspars in two granitic pegmatites in the Pampean Ranges, Argentina. The Canadian Mineralogist, 41(4), 1013-1026. | |
Černý, P., Galliski, M. A., Oyarzábal, J. C., Teertstra, D. K., Chapman, R., MacBride, L., & Ferreira, K. (2003). Stranded and equilibrated assemblages of late feldspars in two granitic pegmatites in the Pampean Ranges, Argentina. The Canadian Mineralogist, 41(4), 1013-1026. | |
| Econ Geol (1995) 90:636-647 |
| Econ Geol (1995) 90:636-647 |
Roda-Robles, E., Galliski, M. A., Roquet, M. B., Hatert, F., & de Paeseval, P. (2012). Phosphate nodules containing two distinct assemblages in the Cema granitic pegmatite, San Luis province, Argentina: Paragenesis, composition and significance. The Canadian Mineralogist, 50(4), 913-931. | |
Econ Geol (1995) 90:636-647 | |
| Econ Geol (1995) 90:636-647 |
| Raúl Jorge Tauber Larry´s collection. |
Australia | |
| http://www.dakotamatrix.com/images/products/cassiterite38245a.jpg? (cassiterite photo); Tantalum Producers International Study Center (spelt this way), (1979), Australian Tantalite Deposits, Quarterly Bulletin, No. 19 , p2, Sept 1979- galena; Daly, J., Dyson, D.F. (1963), Radiometric Investigations at Anningie Utopia and the Bundley River Fields NT, Dept of national Development/Bureau of Mineral Resources Geology and Geophysics, Commonwealth of Australia, Record 1963/45, 1963; Kojan, C.J. (1980), Exploration Licence 1448 NT Final Report, Feb 1980; Powell, P. (1981), Annual Report EL 2347 Anningie Station NT, Jays Exploration Pty Ltd, 26 May 1981; Warren, R.G., Stewart, A.J., Shaw, R.D. (1974), Summary Information on Mineral Deposits of the Arunta Complex Alice Springs Area N.T., Dept of National Development/Bureau of Mineral Resources Geology and Geophysics, Commonwelath of Australia, Record 1974/17, 1974 |
| Forsythe, D.L. (1981) E.L. 1958 (including M.L. 642F, E.L.'s 3030 & 3046) Barrow Creek Tantalum-Tin Prospect, N.T. Final Report on 1981 Exploration Programme by R.B. Mining Pty. Ltd. |
Forsythe, D.L. (1981) E.L. 1958 (including M.L. 642F, E.L.'s 3030 & 3046) Barrow Creek Tantalum-Tin Prospect, N.T. Final Report on 1981 Exploration Programme by R.B. Mining Pty. Ltd. | |
Forsythe, D.L. (1981) E.L. 1958 (including M.L. 642F, E.L.'s 3030 & 3046) Barrow Creek Tantalum-Tin Prospect, N.T. Final Report on 1981 Exploration Programme by R.B. Mining Pty. Ltd. | |
Forsythe, D.L. (1981) E.L. 1958 (including M.L. 642F, E.L.'s 3030 & 3046) Barrow Creek Tantalum-Tin Prospect, N.T. Final Report on 1981 Exploration Programme by R.B. Mining Pty. Ltd. | |
Forsythe, D.L. (1981) E.L. 1958 (including M.L. 642F, E.L.'s 3030 & 3046) Barrow Creek Tantalum-Tin Prospect, N.T. Final Report on 1981 Exploration Programme by R.B. Mining Pty. Ltd. | |
Forsythe, D.L. (1981) E.L. 1958 (including M.L. 642F, E.L.'s 3030 & 3046) Barrow Creek Tantalum-Tin Prospect, N.T. Final Report on 1981 Exploration Programme by R.B. Mining Pty. Ltd. | |
Forsythe, D.L. (1981) E.L. 1958 (including M.L. 642F, E.L.'s 3030 & 3046) Barrow Creek Tantalum-Tin Prospect, N.T. Final Report on 1981 Exploration Programme by R.B. Mining Pty. Ltd. | |
| Bottrill & Baker (in prep) Catalogue of minerals of Tasmania |
| Ryan Eagle, Kim Dowling, Stafford McKnight (2018) Lithium mineralogy and petrogenetic differentiation of granitic pegmatites of the Dorchap Dyke Swarm, NE Victoria, Australia. in abstracts of the 22nd IMA Meeting Melbourne p 496 |
| [var: Kunzite] Steve Sorrell Collection |
| Jacobson, M., Calderwood, M., Grguric, B.(2007): Pegmatites of Western Australia |
http://www.miningnews.net/operations/production/tawana-joins-lithium-producers-club/ | |
http://tawana.com.au/cowan-project/ | |
jacobson, M., calderwood, M., Grguric, B., (2007): Pegmatites of Western Australia | |
Calderwood, M.A., Grguric, B.A., Jacobson, M.I. (2007) Guidebook to the Pegmatites of Western Australia. Hesperian Press, Carlisle, Western Australia. | |
| Grguric, B. A. & Downes, P. J. (2008): Pegmatite minerals from the Barabara mine, Coolgardie, Western Australia. Australian J. of Mineralogy 14, 55-60. |
| Calderwood, M.A., Grguric, B.A., Jacobson, M.I. (2007) Guidebook to the Pegmatites of Western Australia. Hesperian Press, Carlisle, Western Australia, 394 pages. |
Min News 20:6 pp1,2,5,6 | |
Wilkins, R.W.T., Davidson, L.R., and Ross, J.R. (1970): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 28, 280-287. | |
| Jacobson, M.I., Calderwood, M.A., Grguric, B.A. (2007) Guidebook to the Pegmatites of Western Australia. Hesperian Press, Carlisle, Western Australia, 394 pages, at p.299. |
| M. Jacobson, M. Calderwood, B. Grguric; Pegmaites of Western Australia; (Perth 2007) |
| Pegmatites of Western Australia; M Jacobson, M Calderwood, B Grguric; Hesperian Press, Perth, 2007. |
| Jacobson, M., Calderwood, M., Grguric, B.(2007): Pegmatite of Western Australia |
Jacobson, M., Calderwood, M., Grguric, B.(2007): Pegmatites of Western Australia | |
Jacobson, M., Caldwreood, M., Grguric, B.(2007): Pegmatites of Western Australia | |
Jacobson, M., Calderwood, M., Grguric, B.(2007): pegmatites of Western Australia | |
| Grguric, B.A., Nickel, E.H. (2005) Okenite from the Perseverance nickel mine, Western Australia: a first Australian occurrence. Australian Journal of Mineralogy, Vol. 11, pg. 25-26. |
| Pegmatites of Western Australia; M Jacobson, M Calderwood, B Grguric; Hesperian Press, Perth, 2007. |
Pegmatites of Western Australia; M Jacobson, M Calderwood, B Grguric; Hesperian Press, Perth, 2007. | |
Pegmatites of Western Australia; M Jacobson, M Calderwood, B Grguric; Hesperian Press, Perth, 2007. | |
| Calderwood, M.A., Grguric;, B.A., Jacobson, M.I., (2007): Guidebook to the Pegmatites of Western Australia; Hesperian Press, Perth, 2007. |
| Sweetapple, M.T., Cornellius, H., Collins, P.L.F. (2001), Tantalum Mineralisation of the Wodgina District: The Wodgina and Mt Cassiterite Pegmatite Orebodies, pp 48-57, Sept 2001. |
Calderwood, M.A., Grguric, B.A., Jacobson, M.I., (2007) Guidebook to the Pegmatites of Western Australia. Hesperian Press, Carlisle, Western Australia. | |
| Calderwood, M.A., Grguric, B.A., Jacobson, M.I., (2007) Guidebook to the Pegmatites of Western Australia. Hesperian Press, Carlisle, Western Australia. |
Calderwood, M.A., Grguric, B.A., Jacobson, M.I., (2007) Guidebook to the Pegmatites of Western Australia. Hesperian Press, Carlisle, Western Australia. | |
Calderwood, M.A., Grguric, B.A., Jacobson, M.I., (2007) Guidebook to the Pegmatites of Western Australia. Hesperian Press, Carlisle, Western Australia. | |
Calderwood, M.A., Grguric, B.A., Jacobson, M.I., (2007) Guidebook to the Pegmatites of Western Australia. Hesperian Press, Carlisle, Western Australia. | |
Jacobson, M., Calderwood, M., Grguric, B,. (2007), Pegmatites of Western Australia, 2007 | |
| Calderwood, M.A., Grguric, B.A., Jacobson, M.I. (2007) Guidebook to the Pegmatites of Western Australia. Hesperian Press, Carlisle, Western Australia. ) |
Calderwood, M.A., Grguric, B.A., Jacobson, M.I., (2007) Guidebook to the Pegmatites of Western Australia. Hesperian Press, Carlisle, Western Australia. | |
| Pegmatites of Western Australia; M Jacobson, M Calderwood, B Grguric; Hesperian Press, Perth, 2007 |
| Lintern, M.J. (2004) Bounty Gold Deposit, Forrestania Greenstone Belt, Western Australia, Cooperative Research Centre for Landscape Environments and Mineral Exploration (CRCLEME). |
Austria | |
| H. Meixner: Der Karinthin 6:108-120 (1949) |
R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993) | |
| H. Meixner: Carinthia II 156./76.:97-99 (1966) |
G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995 | |
H. Meixner: Carinthia II 156./76.:97-99 (1966) | |
| G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995 |
| Walter, F. (2009) |
| G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995 |
| Natural History Museum Vienna collection |
Esterlus, M. (1983): Kurzer Überblick über die Pegmatite im Angerkristallin der Oststeiermark. Archiv Lagerstättenforsch. Geol. B.-A., 3, 31-34. | |
| Aufschluss 1972(SB), 67-68 |
| G. Niedermayr, F. Brandstätter: Carinthia II 177./97.:296 (1987) |
| Moser, B. et al. (1987) |
| Mali, H. (2004): Spodumenpegmatite von Bretstein und Pusterwald (Wölzer Tauern, Steiermark). Joannea Mineralogie 2, 5-53. |
| Mali, H. (2004): Spodumenpegmatite von Bretstein und Pusterwald (Wölzer Tauern, Steiermark). Joannea Mineralogie 2, 5-53. |
| Mali, H. (2004): Spodumenpegmatite von Bretstein und Pusterwald (Wölzer Tauern, Steiermark). Joannea Mineralogie 2, 5-53. |
Mali, H. (2004): Die Spodumenpegmatite von Bretstein und Pusterwald (Wölzer Tauern, Steiermark). Joannea Mineralogie 2, 5-53. | |
Mali, H. (2004): Die Spodumenpegmatite von Bretstein und Pusterwald (Wölzer Tauern, Steiermark). Joannea Mineralogie 2, 5-53. | |
| Weber, L.(1997) Archiv für Lagerstättenforschung, Band 19 |
Bolivia | |
| Federico Ahlfeld and Jorge Muñoz Reyes (1955) Las Especies Minerales de Bolivia. (Banco Minero de Bolivia, 180 pp) |
Federico Ahlfeld and Jorge Munoz Reyes: Las Especies Minerales de Bolivia (Banco Minero de Bolivia, 1955) | |
Brazil | |
| Forman, J. M. A., & Angeiras, A. G. (1981). Poços de Caldas and Itataia: Two case histories of uranium exploration in Brazil. In Proceedings of an Advisory Group Meeting on Case Histories of Uranium Exploration, IAEA-AG (Vol. 250, No. 14, pp. 99-136). |
| [var: Kunzite] Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County |
Richard Dale collection | |
| CPRM Brazilian Geological Survey. |
Bermanec, V., Scholz, R., Markovic, F., Zigovecki-Gobac, Z., and Chaves, M. L. S. C., 2011, Mineralogy of the Boa Vista pegmatite, Galiléia, Minas Gerais, Brazil: Contributions to the 5th International Symposium on Granitic Pegmatites, Galliski et al., eds., Assoc. Geológica Argentina, Serie D, Publicación Especial 14, p. 33-35.; Bermanec, V., Scholz, R., Marković, F., Gobac, Ž. Ž., & Chaves, M. L. D. S. C. (2011) Mineralogy of the Boa Vista pegmatite, Galileia, Minas Gerais, Brazil. In 5th international symposium on granitic pegmatites, PEG 2011. | |
Field Trip Guide, Eastern Brazilian Pegmatite Province, 4th International Symposium on Granitic Pegmatites, 2009; Scholz R, Chukanov N V, Menezes L A D, Atencio D, Lagoeiro L, Belotti F M, Chaves M L S C, Romano A W, Brandão P R, Belakovskiy D I, Pekov I (2014) Césarferreiraite, Fe2+Fe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)28·H2O, from Eduardo mine, Conselheiro Pena, Minas Gerais, Brazil: Second arsenate in the laueite mineral group. American Mineralogist 99, 607-611 | |
[var: Kunzite] | |
Baijot, M., Hatert, F., Dal Rio, F. & Philipo, S. (2014) Mineralogy and petrography of phosphate mineral association from the Jocão pegmatite, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Canadian Mineralogist 52, 373-397. | |
| [var: Kunzite] Bastos, F.M. (2002): Famous Mineral Localities: The Barra de Salinas Pegmatites, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Mineralogical Record 33: 209-216 |
Bastos, F.M. (2002): Famous Mineral Localities: The Barra de Salinas Pegmatites, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Mineralogical Record 33: 209-216. | |
Bastos, F.M. (2002): Famous Mineral Localities: The Barra de Salinas Pegmatites, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Mineralogical Record 33: 209-216 | |
| [MinRec 14:235] |
[var: Kunzite] | |
| Cassedanne, J.P. & Baptista, A. (1999): Famous Mineral Localities: The Sapucaia Pegmatite Minas Gerais, Brazil. Mineralogical Record, 30: 347-360 + 365 |
[var: Kunzite] No reference listed | |
[var: Kunzite] Van King | |
[var: Kunzite] | |
| [MinRec 12:74] |
| |
| Morteani, G., Preinfalk, C., and Horn, A.H. (2000): Mineralium Deposita 35, 638-655.; Quéméneur, J., & Lagache, M. (1999). Comparative study of two pegmatitic fields from Minas Gerais, Brazil, using rubidium and cesium content of the micas and feldspars. Brazilian Journal of Geology, 29(1), 27-32. |
Morteani, G., Preinfalk, C., and Horn, A.H. (2000): Mineralium Deposita 35, 638-655.; Quéméneur, J., & Lagache, M. (1999). Comparative study of two pegmatitic fields from Minas Gerais, Brazil, using rubidium and cesium content of the micas and feldspars. Brazilian Journal of Geology, 29(1), 27-32. | |
| [Mineralogical Record - Vol 25 No.3] |
| sergio varvello photo and specimen |
Bauer & Bouska, 1983. Precious & Semi-precious Stones | |
| Fernando R.M. Pires and A. Raphael Cabral (1998) The Volta Grande pegmatites, Minas Gerais, Brazil: an example of rare-element granitic pegmatites exceptionally enriched in lithium and rubidium: Discussion. The Canadian Mineralogist, 36, 1157-1158.; Quéméneur, J., & Lagache, M. (1999). Comparative study of two pegmatitic fields from Minas Gerais, Brazil, using rubidium and cesium content of the micas and feldspars. Brazilian Journal of Geology, 29(1), 27-32. |
[var: Kunzite] John H. Betts photo | |
[var: Kunzite] | |
| Michael Roarke specimen |
[MinRec 11:370] | |
| Grainger, C.J., Groves, D.I., Tallarico, F.H.B., and Fletcher, I.R. (2008): Ore Geology Reviews 33, 451-489. |
| Beurlen, H., Da Silva, M.R.R., Thomas, R., Soares, D.R., and Olivier, P. (2008): Mineralium Deposita 43, 207-228. |
| Beurlen, H., Da Silva, M.R.R., Thomas, R., Soares, D.R., and Olivier, P. (2008): Mineralium Deposita 43, 207-228. |
| http://rruff.geo.arizona.edu/doclib/hom/parabariomicrolite.pdf.; Beurlen, H., Da Silva, M.R.R., Thomas, R., Soares, D.R., and Olivier, P. (2008): Nb–Ta–(Ti–Sn) oxide mineral chemistry as tracer of rare element granitic pegmatite fractionation in the Borborema Province, Northeastern Brazil. Mineralium Deposita 43, 207-228. |
| https://www.ufpe.br/estudosgeologicos/paginas/edicoes/2009192/2009192t69.pdf |
Beurlen, H., Da Silva, M.R.R., Thomas, R., Soares, D.R., and Olivier, P. (2008): Mineralium Deposita 43, 207-228.; Beurlen, H.; Müller, A.; Silva, D.; Da Silva, M.R.R. (2011): Petrogenetic significance of LA-ICP-MS trace-element data on quartz from the Borborema Pegmatite Province, northeast Brazil. Mineralogical Magazine 75, 2703-2719. | |
Beurlen, H., Da Silva, M.R.R., Thomas, R., Soares, D.R., and Olivier, P. (2008): Mineralium Deposita 43, 207-228.; de Brito Barreto, S., & Bretas Bittar, S. M. (2010). Los depósitos de gemas de Brasil: localización, producción e impacto económico. Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana, 62(1), 123-140. | |
Beurlen, H.; Müller, A.; Silva, D.; Da Silva, M.R.R. (2011): Petrogenetic significance of LA-ICP-MS trace-element data on quartz from the Borborema Pegmatite Province, northeast Brazil. Mineralogical Magazine 75, 2703-2719. ; de Brito Barreto, S., & Bretas Bittar, S. M. (2010). Los depósitos de gemas de Brasil: localización, producción e impacto económico. Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana, 62(1), 123-140. | |
| Queiroz, H. D. A. (2016) Sistema granítico: pegmatítico Mata Azul: caracterização e gênese. PhD Thesis. do Instituto de Geociências (IG) da Universidade de Brasília (UnB) |
Queiroz, H. D. A. (2016) Sistema granítico: pegmatítico Mata Azul: caracterização e gênese. PhD Thesis. do Instituto de Geociências (IG) da Universidade de Brasília (UnB) | |
Canada | |
www.alpinegems.net | |
| Alan Anderson M.Sc. Thesis |
| Bannatyne, B. B. (1985). Industrial minerals in rare-element pegmatites of Manitoba (Vol. 84, No. 1). Manitoba Energy and Mines, Geological Services. |
Phillips, K. A. (1978) Minerals of Manitoba: Vol 1 Nonmetallic and pegmatic. Manitoba Mineral Resources Division Educational Series 78/1; Bannatyne, B. B. (1985). Industrial minerals in rare-element pegmatites of Manitoba (Vol. 84, No. 1). Manitoba Energy and Mines, Geological Services. | |
Phillips, K. A. (1978) Minerals of Manitoba: Vol 1 Nonmetallic and pegmatic. Manitoba Mineral Resources Division Educational Series 78/1; Bannatyne, B. B. (1985). Industrial minerals in rare-element pegmatites of Manitoba (Vol. 84, No. 1). Manitoba Energy and Mines, Geological Services. | |
| Bannatyne, B. B. (1985). Industrial minerals in rare-element pegmatites of Manitoba (Vol. 84, No. 1). Manitoba Energy and Mines, Geological Services. |
| Econ Geol (1995) 90:658-675; Phillips, K. A. (1978) Minerals of Manitoba: Vol 1 Nonmetallic and pegmatic. Manitoba Mineral Resources Division Educational Series 78/1. |
Bannatyne, B. B. (1985). Industrial minerals in rare-element pegmatites of Manitoba (Vol. 84, No. 1). Manitoba Energy and Mines, Geological Services. | |
Bannatyne, B. B. (1985). Industrial minerals in rare-element pegmatites of Manitoba (Vol. 84, No. 1). Manitoba Energy and Mines, Geological Services. | |
Bannatyne, B. B. (1985). Industrial minerals in rare-element pegmatites of Manitoba (Vol. 84, No. 1). Manitoba Energy and Mines, Geological Services. | |
Bannatyne, B. B. (1985). Industrial minerals in rare-element pegmatites of Manitoba (Vol. 84, No. 1). Manitoba Energy and Mines, Geological Services. | |
| Bannatyne, B. B. (1985). Industrial minerals in rare-element pegmatites of Manitoba (Vol. 84, No. 1). Manitoba Energy and Mines, Geological Services. |
Econ Geol (1995) 90:658-675 | |
Bannatyne, B. B. (1985). Industrial minerals in rare-element pegmatites of Manitoba (Vol. 84, No. 1). Manitoba Energy and Mines, Geological Services. | |
MinRec 32:416; Tschernich, R. (1992): Zeolites of the World, p.51; American Mineralogist, Volume 94, pages 439–450, 2009; Canadian Mineralogist (1980): 18: 313-321; Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 16, pp, 625-640 (1978); Canadian Mineralogist(1980) 18, 185-190; Bannatyne, B. B. (1985). Industrial minerals in rare-element pegmatites of Manitoba (Vol. 84, No. 1). Manitoba Energy and Mines, Geological Services. | |
| Bannatyne, B. B. (1985). Industrial minerals in rare-element pegmatites of Manitoba (Vol. 84, No. 1). Manitoba Energy and Mines, Geological Services. |
| Bull. Minéral. , 1984, 107, pp. 369-384.; Bannatyne, B. B. (1985). Industrial minerals in rare-element pegmatites of Manitoba (Vol. 84, No. 1). Manitoba Energy and Mines, Geological Services. |
Bannatyne, B. B. (1985). Industrial minerals in rare-element pegmatites of Manitoba (Vol. 84, No. 1). Manitoba Energy and Mines, Geological Services. | |
Bannatyne, B. B. (1985). Industrial minerals in rare-element pegmatites of Manitoba (Vol. 84, No. 1). Manitoba Energy and Mines, Geological Services. | |
Bannatyne, B. B. (1985). Industrial minerals in rare-element pegmatites of Manitoba (Vol. 84, No. 1). Manitoba Energy and Mines, Geological Services. | |
Bannatyne, B. B. (1985). Industrial minerals in rare-element pegmatites of Manitoba (Vol. 84, No. 1). Manitoba Energy and Mines, Geological Services. | |
Bannatyne, B. B. (1985). Industrial minerals in rare-element pegmatites of Manitoba (Vol. 84, No. 1). Manitoba Energy and Mines, Geological Services. | |
Bannatyne, B. B. (1985). Industrial minerals in rare-element pegmatites of Manitoba (Vol. 84, No. 1). Manitoba Energy and Mines, Geological Services. | |
| Phillips, K. A. (1978) Minerals of Manitoba: Vol 1 Nonmetallic and pegmatic. Manitoba Mineral Resources Division Educational Series 78/1; Bannatyne, B. B. (1985). Industrial minerals in rare-element pegmatites of Manitoba (Vol. 84, No. 1). Manitoba Energy and Mines, Geological Services. |
| Bannatyne, B. B. (1985). Industrial minerals in rare-element pegmatites of Manitoba (Vol. 84, No. 1). Manitoba Energy and Mines, Geological Services. |
Bannatyne, B. B. (1985). Industrial minerals in rare-element pegmatites of Manitoba (Vol. 84, No. 1). Manitoba Energy and Mines, Geological Services. | |
Bannatyne, B. B. (1985). Industrial minerals in rare-element pegmatites of Manitoba (Vol. 84, No. 1). Manitoba Energy and Mines, Geological Services. | |
| Bannatyne, B. B. (1985). Industrial minerals in rare-element pegmatites of Manitoba (Vol. 84, No. 1). Manitoba Energy and Mines, Geological Services. |
Bannatyne, B. B. (1985). Industrial minerals in rare-element pegmatites of Manitoba (Vol. 84, No. 1). Manitoba Energy and Mines, Geological Services. | |
Bannatyne, B. B. (1985). Industrial minerals in rare-element pegmatites of Manitoba (Vol. 84, No. 1). Manitoba Energy and Mines, Geological Services. | |
| Bannatyne, B. B. (1985). Industrial minerals in rare-element pegmatites of Manitoba (Vol. 84, No. 1). Manitoba Energy and Mines, Geological Services. |
| Cerny et al. 2012; Černý, O., Teertstra, D.K., Chapman, R., Selway, J.B., Hawthorne, F.C., Ferreira, K., Chackowsky, L.E., Wang, X.J. & and Meintzer, R.E. (2012); Černý, P., Teertstra, D. K., Chapman, R., Selway, J. B., Hawthorne, F. C., Ferreira, K., ... & Meintzer, R. E. (2012). Extreme Fractionation And Deformation Of The Leucogranite–Pegmatite Suite At Red Cross Lake, Manitoba, Canada. Iv. Mineralogy. The Canadian Mineralogist, 50(6), 1839-1875. |
| Bannatyne, B. B. (1985). Industrial minerals in rare-element pegmatites of Manitoba (Vol. 84, No. 1). Manitoba Energy and Mines, Geological Services. |
Bannatyne, B. B. (1985). Industrial minerals in rare-element pegmatites of Manitoba (Vol. 84, No. 1). Manitoba Energy and Mines, Geological Services. | |
Bannatyne, B. B. (1985). Industrial minerals in rare-element pegmatites of Manitoba (Vol. 84, No. 1). Manitoba Energy and Mines, Geological Services. | |
| Phillips, K. A. (1978) Minerals of Manitoba: Vol 1 Nonmetallic and pegmatic. Manitoba Mineral Resources Division Educational Series 78/1.; Bannatyne, B. B. (1985). Industrial minerals in rare-element pegmatites of Manitoba (Vol. 84, No. 1). Manitoba Energy and Mines, Geological Services. |
www.alpinegems.net | |
| [var: Kunzite] The Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 41, pp. 139-160 (2003) |
| Northern Mineral Showings Database, NWT Geoscience Office. |
Anderson, M. O., Lentz, D. R., McFarlane, C. R., & Falck, H. (2013). A geological, geochemical and textural study of an LCT pegmatite: implications for the magmatic versus metasomatic origin of Nb-Ta mineralization in the Moose II pegmatite, Northwest Territories, Canada. Journal of GEOsciences, 58(4), 299-320.; Northern Mineral Showings Database, NWT Geoscience Office. | |
Silke, R. (2009) The Operational History of Mines in the Northwest Territories, Canada | |
Northern Mineral Showings Database, NWT Geoscience Office. | |
| Hughes, Steven G., "Internal Zonation and Mineralogy of the Brazil Lake Pegmatite", Unpublished B.Sc. Thesis, Saint Mary's University, Augist 1995. |
| P.B. Tomascak, M.A. Wise, P. Cerni, and D.L. Trueman (1994) Reconnaissance studies of four pegmatite populations in the Northwest Territories. pp 33-62. in W.D. Sinclair and D.G. Richardson eds. Studies Of Rare-Metal Deposits In The Northwest Territories. Geological Survey Of Canada Bulletin 475 |
| Ontario Ministry of Northern Development and Mines MDI Number: MDI52F15SE00038 |
| [var: Kunzite] J.C. Pedersen (2000) Report on 2000 Winter Diamond Drill Program Lilypad Lakes Tantalum - Cesium Property. Assessment File |
J.C. Pedersen (2000) Report on 2000 Winter Diamond Drill Program Lilypad Lakes Tantalum - Cesium Property. Assessment File | |
J.C. Pedersen (2000) Report on 2000 Winter Diamond Drill Program Lilypad Lakes Tantalum - Cesium Property. Assessment File | |
| Bull. Minéral. , 1984, 107, pp. 369-384.; J.C. Pedersen (2000) Report on 2000 Winter Diamond Drill Program Lilypad Lakes Tantalum - Cesium Property. Assessment File |
| www.houstonlakemining.com/news/article2.html; Andrew G. Tindle, Fred W. Breaks and Julie B. Selway (2002) Tourmaline in petalite-subtype granitic pegmatites; evidence of fractionation and contamination from the Paleagama Lake and Separation Lake areas of northwestern Ontario, Canada. The Canadian Mineralogist 40:753-78 |
| Pedersen, J. C. P.Geo., and Bubar, D. S.,(2002) Mineralogy and Zonation of the Big Whopper Pegmatite, Separation Rapids area, Kenora, Ontario Proceedings Volume of the Institute on Lake Superior Geology Vol 48 pp 34-35 |
Blackburn C. et al (2002) Separation Rapids Rare-Element Pegmatite Field, Ontario. in 48th Annual Meeting Institute on Lake Superior Geology. Vol 48 Part 2 - Field Trip Guidebook | |
www.cim.org/meetings/Abstract.cfm?PaperNum=1074&ShowID=33. | |
| Tindle, A. G., Selway, J. B. & Breaks, F. W. (2005): Liddicoatite and associated species from the McCombe spodumene-subtype rare-element granitic pegmatite, northwestern Ontario, Canada. Canadian Mineralogist 43, 769-793. |
Tindle, A.G., Breaks, F.W., and Selway, J.B. (2002) Tourmaline in petalite-subtype gramitic pegmatites: evidence of fractionation and contamination from Pakeagama Lake and Separation Lake areas of northwestern Ontario, Canada. Canadian Mineralogist, 40, 753-788. | |
| Taylor, R.P., and Henham, R. (2001): Exploration and Mining Geology 10(1/2), 85-93. |
| Ontario Ministry of Northern Development and Mines Number: MDI52L08SW00025 |
| Hewitt, D.F. (1967) Pegmatite Mineral Resources of Ontario, Industrial Mineral Report 21, Ontario Department of Mines. |
| Ann P.Sabina (1991), Rocks and Minerals for the Collector, Sudbury to Winnipeg. GSC Misc. Report 49. p.101; Breaks, F.W., Selway, J.B. and Tindle, A.G. 2008. The Georgia Lake rare-element pegmatite field and related S-type, peraluminous granites, Quetico Subprovince, north-central Ontario; Ontario Geological Survey, Open File Report 6199, 176p. |
Ann P.Sabina (1965), Rocks and Mineral Collecting in Canada, Ontario and Quebec. Volume 2c. GSC Misc. Report 8, p.32 | |
| Hewitt, D.F. (1967) Pegmatite Mineral Resources of Ontario, Industrial Mineral Report 21, Ontario Department of Mines. |
| MDI Number: MDI52H01NE00005 |
| GSC Paper 80-18 Catalogue of Canadian Minerals Revised 1980; Nickel, E. H., Maxwell, J. A., & Rowland, J. F. (1960). Holmquistite from Barraute, Quebec. The Canadian Mineralogist, 6(4), 504-512. |
Sabina, A.P. (2003): Rocks & Minerals for the collector; Kirkland Lake - Rouyn-Noranda - Val d'Or, Ontario & Quebec. GSC Misc. Report 77, 169p. | |
| Sabina, A.P. (2003) Rocks & Minerals for the collector; Kirkland Lake - Rouyn-Noranda - Val d'Or, Ontario & Quebec. GSC Misc. Report 77, 308 p. |
| Potter, E. G., Taylor, R. P., Jones, P. C., Lalonde A. E., Pearse, G. H. K., and Rowe, R., 2009, Sokolovaite and evolved lithian micas from the Eastern Moblan pegmatite, Canadian Mineralogist, v 47, p. 337-349. |
Bynoe, L. (1987). Shear zone influence on the emplacement of a giant pegmatite: The Whabouchi Lithium Pegmatite, Quebec, Canada (Doctoral dissertation, The University of Western Ontario). | |
| Pierre-Alain Wülser |
| Rocks & Min. 40(7):485-488. |
China | |
| Yueqing Yang, Yunxiang Ni, Yongquan Guo, Yaping Zhang, and Jiapin Liu (1986): Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica 5(2), 119–127; Yueqing Yang, Yunxiang Ni, Yongquang Guo, Nianming Qiu, Chenghu Chen, Chaofa Cai, Yaping Zhang, Jiabin Liu, and Yuexian Chen (1988): Geochemistry 7(2), 120-135; Yunxiang Ni and Yueqing Yang (1992): Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica 11(3), 252-257; Can Rao, Rucheng Wang, Huan Hu, and Wenlan Zhan (2009): Canadian Mineralogist 47(5), 1195-1212; Rao, C., Wang, R. C., Hatert, F., & Baijot, M. (2014). Hydrothermal transformations of triphylite from the Nanping No. 31 pegmatite dyke, southeastern China. European Journal of Mineralogy, 26(1), 179-188.; Rao, C., Wang, R., Yang, Y., Hatert, F., Xia, Q., Yue, X., & Wang, W. (2017). Insights into post-magmatic metasomatism and Li circulation in granitic systems from phosphate minerals of the Nanping No. 31 pegmatite (SE China). Ore Geology Reviews, 91, 864-876. |
| Renke Li and Xuming Zhang (1995): Geology and Prospecting 31(6), 15-22 |
| Ruiling He and Enkui Cao (1985): Geology of Shaanxi 3(2), 39-46; Feng Bai, Hengyi Feng, Sijie Zou, and Jiao Liu (2011): Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica 30(2), 281-285 |
Fan G., Li G., Shen G., Xu J., Dai J. (2013): Luanshiweiite: A New Member of Lepidolite Series. Acta Mineralogica Sinica, 33, 713-721. | |
| Yuyu Zhang and Rubo Zhang (2008): Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology 29(3), 37-40 |
| Zhijun Shen, Linglin Xie, and Zhengyu Quan (2003): Hunan Geology 22(1), 30-33, 63 |
National Geological Archives of China database, record no. 39039 | |
| Weizheng Hu, Junping Huang, and Xiaowen Huang (2005): Resources Survey and Environment 26(4), 258-266; Yunhuai Lin and Shiyang Chen (1985): Geology and Prospecting 21(3), 23-31 |
| Chenghua Zhang and Guodong Ji (1983): Geology and Prospecting 19(4), 22-28; Aina Su, Shihong Tian, Zengqian Hou, Jiankang Li, Zhenzhen Li, Kejun Hou, Yanhe Li, Wenjie Hu, and Zhusen Yang (2011): Geoscience 25(2), 236-242; Li, J., Chou, I., Yuan, S., & Burruss, R. C. (2009, December). Homogenization Temperature Measurements in Hydrothermal Diamond-Anvil Cell for Melt and Fluid Inclusions from the Jiajika Pegmatite Deposit, China. In AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts (Vol. 1, p. 2234).; Jiankang Li, Denghong Wang, Dehui Zhang, and Xiaofang Fu (2006): Mineral Deposits 25(suppl.), 131-134 |
| http://www.ady.com.au/uploads/news/7cbbc409ec990f19c78c75bd1e06f215.pdf |
| Dong Peng, Mingguang Wang, Yunxi Xie, Shangpin Chen, and Jun Cao (2005): Geology and Prospecting 41(4), 33-38 |
| Lianxing Gu, Hao Yang, Zhengfu Yan, Jingjuan Liao, and Jinzhu Wang (1995): Chinese Journal of Geochemistry 15(1), 33-43; Lanying Ma and Jianhua Chen (2000): Journal of Gems and Gemmology 2(3), 61-62; Zhenghui Chen, Denghong Wang, Yufei Gong, Yuchuan Chen, and Shiping Chen (2006): Mineral Deposits 25(4), 470-476 |
| http://sec.edgar-online.com/2005/08/26/0001062993-05-002049/Section3.asp |
| Denghong Wang, Yuchuan Chen, and Zhigang Xu (2003): Bulletin of Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry 22(1), 14-17 |
| Changnian Wu, Jinchu Zhu, Changshi Liu, and Xiaolin Xiong (1995): Geochimica 24(4), 351-358. |
http://www.smartminerals.com/cina2004/art_China_localities.htm | |
| Tianren Zou, Xiangchen Zhang, Fuyi Jia, Rucong Wang, Huizhi Cao, and Boqing Wu (1986): Mineral Deposits 5(4), 34-48; Huan Hu, Rucheng Wang, Aicheng Zhang, and Shijin Xu (2004): Mineral Deposits 23(4), 411-421 |
http://www.chinamining.org/Facts/2006-10-10/1160464384d1491.html; Yin, R., Wang, R. C., Zhang, A. C., Hu, H., Zhu, J. C., Rao, C., & Zhang, H. (2013). Extreme fractionation from zircon to hafnon in the Koktokay No. 1 granitic pegmatite, Altai, northwestern China. American mineralogist, 98(10), 1714-1724.; Wang R, Yin R, Zhang A (2014)Evolution and decomposition of Zr-Hf-U-bearing columbite-group minerals in Koktokay no. 1 granitic pegmatite dyke, Altai, northwestern China. 21 st meeting of the International Mineralogical Association. p 263 | |
http://www.chinamining.org/Facts/2006-10-10/1160464384d1491.html | |
| Changnian Wu, Jinchu Zhu, Changshi Liu, and Xiaolin Xiong (1995): Geochimica 24(4), 351-358. |
| Denghong Wang, Yuchuan Chen, and Zhigang Xu (2001): Acta Geologica Sinica 80(3), 419-425 |
| Feibao Wu and Zongyu Li (1986): Geology and Prospecting 22(8), 20-26 |
Czech Republic | |
| Masau, M., Staněk, J., Černý, P., Chapman, R. (2000). Metasomatic wolfeite and associated phosphates from the Otov I granitic pegmatite, western Bohemia. J. Czech Geol. Soc. 45, 159-173. |
| Welser, P. et al.: Lithný pegmatit Nová Ves. Minerál, Special volume, 2007, roč. 15.; Novák, M., Ertl, A., Povondra, P., Vašinová Galiová, M., Rossman, G. R., Pristacz, H., ... & Škoda, R. (2013). Darrellhenryite, Na (LiAl2) Al6 (BO3) 3Si6O18 (OH) 3O, a new mineral from the tourmaline supergroup. American Mineralogist, 98(10), 1886-1892. |
| Vrána, S.: Otázka dohledání lokality petalit-spodumenového pegmatitu u Rožmberka nad Vltavou. Minerál, 2013, roč. 21, č. 5, s. 429-430. |
| Novak, M., & Divis, K. (1996). Compositional trends in manganocolumbite from the Puklice I pegmatite, western Moravia, Czech Republic. Journal of GEOsciences, 41(1-2), 1-6. |
| Sekanina J.: Hořečnatý skarn v dolomitu u Číchova na západní Moravě. Časopis pro mineralogii a geologii, 1963, 8, 2, 178-188. |
| Novák, M., Staněk, J.: Lepidolitový pegmatit od Dobré Vody u Velkého Meziříčí, západní Morava. Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae geologicae, 1999, roč. 84, s. 3 - 44. |
| Novák, M., Johan, Z., Škoda, R., Černý, P., Šrein, V., & Veselovský, F. (2008). Primary oxide minerals in the system WO3–Nb2O5–TiO2–Fe2O3–FeO and their breakdown products from the pegmatite No. 3 at Dolní Bory-Hatě, Czech Republic. European Journal of Mineralogy, 20(4), 487-499. |
DR Congo | |
| Paul De Bondt |
Egypt | |
| Gehad M. Saleh (2007) Rare-Metal Pegmatites from the Southeastern Desert, Egypt: Geology, Geochemistry, and Petrogenesis. International Geology Review Vol. 49:824-843. |
Ethiopia | |
| Mineralium Deposita October 2009, Volume 44, Issue 7, pp 723-750 |
| Küster, D. (2009): Ore Geology Reviews 35, 68-86. |
[var: Kunzite] Küster, D., Romer, R. L., Tolessa, D., Zerihun, D., Bheemalingeswara, K., Melcher, F., & Oberthür, T. (2009). The Kenticha rare-element pegmatite, Ethiopia: internal differentiation, U–Pb age and Ta mineralization. Mineralium Deposita, 44(7), 723-750. | |
Finland | |
| Geologian tutkimuskeskus, Tutkimusraportti 198 – Geological Survey of Finland, Report of Investigation 198, 2013 Pentti Hölttä (ed.) |
Geologian tutkimuskeskus, Tutkimusraportti 198 – Geological Survey of Finland, Report of Investigation 198, 2013 Pentti Hölttä (ed.) | |
Geologian tutkimuskeskus, Tutkimusraportti 198 – Geological Survey of Finland, Report of Investigation 198, 2013 Pentti Hölttä (ed.) | |
| Alviola Reijo 1974. Selostus pegmatiittitutkimuksista Kiteen-Tohmajärven alueella vuosina 1972-1973 11 s 29 liites. Geologian Tutkimuskeskus, arkistoraportti, 14 19/4232/74/1/85. |
| Lahti, S.I. (1981) On the granitic pegmatites of the Eräjärvi area in Orivesi, southern Finland. Geological Survey of Finland Bulletin, 314, 51-56. |
Lahti Seppo I., 1981. On the granitic pegmatites of the Eräjärvi area in Orivesi, Southern Finland. Geological Survey of Finland Bulletin 314, 82 s. | |
Aksel Österlöf- See http://www.mindat.org/mesg-7-288248.html | |
| H-J Wilke (1976) Mineralfundstellen, Band 4, Skandinavien; Haapala, I. (1966): On the granitic pegmatites in the Peräseinäjoki-Alavus area, South Pohjanmaa, Finland. Bulletin de la commission géologique de Finland 224, 98p.; Makitie, H., Karkkainen, N., Lahti, S. I., & Alviola, R. (2001). Compositional variation of granitic pegmatites in relation to regional metamorphism in the Seinajoki region, western Finland. Special Paper 30 - Geological Survey of Finland, 31-59. |
Hytönen,K. (1999): Suomen Mineraalit. Geologian tutkimuskeskus. Erillisjulkaisu, Jyväskylä, 399 pp. | |
Mäkitie, H. &al. 2001. Compositional variations of granitic pegmatites in relation to regional metamorphism in the Seinäjoki region, western Finland. In: Svecofennian granitic pegmatites (1.86-1.79 Ga) and quartz monzonite (1.87 Ga), and their metamorphic enviroment in the Seinäjoki region western Finland. Geological Survey of Finland, Special Paper 30, 31-59. | |
| [var: Kunzite] Lahti, Seppo I. & Saikkonen, R. 1986. Kunzite from the Haapaluoma pegmatite quarry, western Finland. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Finland 58, 2, 47–52. |
Alviola, Reijo (1987) Tutkimustyöselostus Nurmon kunnassa valtausalueella Tarikko 1, kaivosrek. nro 3524, suoritetuista tutkimuksista. Geologian Tutkimuskeskus M 061/2222/-87/1/85 | |
| Aarne Laitakari, ”Index of Finnish Minerals with bibliography” , Bull. de la Commission Géologique de Finlande No 230, Otaniemi 1967 |
| Ilkka Mikkola collection. |
| H-J Wilke (1976) Mineralfundstellen, Band 4, Skandinavien |
Nordenskiöld, A. E. (1863): Om tantalitartade mineralier från nejden af Torro, Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar, 20, 443-453 | |
| Vesasalo, A. (1959): On the petalite occurrences of Tammela, SW-Finland. C. R. Soc. Géol. Finlande. 31, 59-74 |
Alviola, Reijo (1993). Tutkimustyöselostus Tammelan kunnassa, valtausalueella Kietyönmäki 1, Kaiv. Rek N:O 3991/1 suoritetuista teollisuusmineraalitutkimuksista. Geologian tutkimuskeskus M 06/2024/-93/1/85 | |
France | |
| Germain C., Guillou A. (1988), Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, n°3, 3-7 |
Germany | |
| K. Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992 |
| K. Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992 |
India | |
| Tom D. La Touche (1890): The sapphire mines of Kashmir, palagems.com reprinted from Records of the geological survey of India Vol 23, pt2, pp 59-69. |
Ireland | |
| Steiger, R. and von Knorring, O. (1974) J. Earth Sci. (Leeds) 8, 433-43.; Ryback, G., Nawaz, R. and Farley, E. (1988) Seventh Supplementary List of British Isles Minerals (Irish). Mineralogical Magazine, vol. 52, n° 365, pp. 267-274.; Whitworth, M.P. (1992) Petrogenetic implications of garnets associated with lithium pegmatites from SE Ireland. Mineralogical Magazine, 56(382), 75-83. |
Steiger, R. and von Knorring, O. (1974) J. Earth Sci. (Leeds) 8, 433-443.; Ryback, G., Nawaz, R. and Farley, E. (1988) Seventh Supplementary List of British Isles Minerals (Irish). Mineralogical Magazine, vol. 52, n° 365, pp. 267-274. | |
| F. Rutley: "Elements of Mineralogy", 12th Ed. (1900) |
| Whitworth, M. P., & Rankin, A. H. (1989). Evolution of fluid phases associated with lithium pegmatites from SE Ireland. Mineral Mag, 53, 271-284. |
Steiger, R. & von Knorring, O. (1974) A lithium pegmatite belt in Ireland. J. Earth Sci., Leeds Geol. Assoc. 8(3), 433-43. | |
Luecke, W. (1981) Lithium pegmatites in the Leinster granite (southeast Ireland). Chemical Geology, 34, 195-233. | |
Italy | |
| Exel, R. (1987): Guida mineralogica del Trentino e del Sudtirolo. Athesia, Bolzano, 204 pp. |
Ivory Coast | |
| Assaoulé Benjamin Allou (2005) Facteurs, Paramètres, Dynamique DE Distribution Et Genèse Des Dépôts DE Columbo-tantalite D'issia Centre-ouest DE LA Côte D'ivoire. PhD thesis, University of Quebec. |
Assaoulé Benjamin Allou (2005) Facteurs, Paramètres, Dynamique DE Distribution Et Genèse Des Dépôts DE Columbo-tantalite D'issia Centre-ouest DE LA Côte D'ivoire. PhD thesis, University of Quebec. | |
Japan | |
| Sakurai et al (1977) Ganseki-Koubutsu-Koshogaku Zasshi, 72, 13-27 |
Kazakhstan | |
| Pavel M. Kartashov data |
| Evseev, A. A. (1995) Kazaknstan and Middle Asia. A brief Mineralogical Guide. World of Stone 8:24-30 |
I.Mataibayevaa , R.Seltmannb , V.Shatov (2014) The tantalum pegmatite deposits of Belogorskoye and Yubileinoye, Kazakhstan. in Abstract Volume IAGR Conference Series No. 20, pp.88–89 | |
I.Mataibayevaa , R.Seltmannb , V.Shatov (2014) The tantalum pegmatite deposits of Belogorskoye and Yubileinoye, Kazakhstan. in Abstract Volume IAGR Conference Series No. 20, pp.88–89 | |
Madagascar | |
| Behier, J. (1963): Carte mineralogique de Madagascar. Archive Service Gélogique Madagascar. A 1871 |
| [var: Kunzite] http://www.geminterest.com/ : "Pezzottaïte: "Béryl", Traduction, Arrangement, Données par JM. Arlabosse, . |
| Lacroix, A. (1922): Mineralogie de Madagascar, Tome I. Géologie-Minéralogie descriptive. A.Challamel (Éditeur), Paris. 624p; Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 330. |
| Damour, A. (1886): Note sur un béryl rose provenant de Madagascar. Bulletin de la Société Francaise de Minéralogie 9: 153-154 |
| Behier, J. (1960): Contribution á la mineralogie de Madagascar. Annales Géologiques de Madagascar XXIX, Tananarive. p 13 |
| De Ascenção Guedes, R., Lebocey, J., Bayle, L.-D. & Chappero, P.-J. (2011): Munich 2011. Le Règne Minerál. 102, 10-29 [p. 22 + 29] |
[var: Kunzite] Michel Arliguie collection & photo (photo id 899764), old collection | |
[var: Kunzite] Arliguie Michel collection & photo (Photo ID: 85907 ) | |
Lacroix, A. (1912): Sur quelques minéraux des pegmatites du Vakinankaratra (Madagascar). Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie, Paris 35 , 76-84 | |
Lefevre & Thomas (1998): Les pegmatites de la vallée de la Sahatany, Madagascar. La Règne Minéral, 19, 15-28 | |
Ranorosoa, N. (1986): Etude mineralogique des pegmatites du champ de la Sahatany, Madagascar. These de Doctorat de l`Universite Paul Sabatier, Toulouse | |
http://www.minsocam.org/msa/collectors_corner/arc/madagascar.htm / Behier, J. (1963): Carte mineralogique de Madagascar. Archive Service Gélogique Madagascar. A 1871. , Tananarive 1963. | |
Lacroix, A. (1922): Mineralogie de Madagascar, Tome I. Géologie-Minéralogie descriptive. A.Challamel (Éditeur), Paris. 624p. | |
| Ranorosoa N (1986): Etude mineralogique des pegmatites du champ de la Sahatany, Madagascar. These de Doctorat de l`Universite Paul Sabatier, Toulose |
Ranorosoa, N. (1986): Etude mineralogique des pegmatites du champ de la Sahatany, Madagascar. These de Doctorat de l`Universite Paul Sabatier, Toulouse | |
| Wilson, W. E. (1989) The Anjanabonoina pegmatite, Madagascar. Mineralogical Record 20: 191-200 |
| Demartin, F. et al (2001): Schiavinatoite,(Nb,Ta)BO4, the Nb analogue of behierite. European Journal of Mineralogy 13, 159-165 |
Mali | |
| I. Kusnir (1999) Gold in Mali. Acta Montanistica 4:311-318 |
I. Kusnir (1999) Gold in Mali. Acta Montanistica 4:311-318 | |
Mexico | |
| Panczner (1987): 88-357. |
| Cortez, Ernesto Manjarrez,.(1981): Estudio geologico y radiometrico de la Mina "El Moerto", Edo de Oaxaca. Tesis que para obtener el titulo de: Ingeniero Geologo. Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico |
Morocco | |
| Fontan, F. (1978) : Etude minéralogique et essais expérimentaux sur les phosphates de fer et de manganèse des pegmatites des Jebilet (Maroc) et des Pyrénées (France), PhD thesis, Toulouse, 272 p. |
Mozambique | |
| [var: Kunzite] Geotrade Bohemia |
Dias, M. Bettencourt and Wilson, W. E., 2000, Mineralogical Record, 31:459-497. | |
Schappmann, J. (2005): Die gruben Morrua, Marropino und Maria III in der Pegmatitregion Alto Ligonha im Norden von Mozambique. Mineralien-Welt 16 (2): 34-46 | |
| [var: Kunzite] Russel G. Rizzo |
[var: Kunzite] Dias, M. Bettencourt and Wilson, W. E., 2000, Mineralogical Record, 31:459-497. | |
[var: Kunzite] Geotrade Bohemia | |
Dias, M. Bettencourt and Wilson, W. E., 2000, Mineralogical Record, 31:459-497. | |
Gomes Figueiredo C.S. (1967) Alteration of spodumene and lepidolite with formation of dioctahedral chlorite plus dioctahedral montmorillonite interstratifications with dioctahedral chlorite, - Mem. et Notic. Miner. Univer. Coimbra, v.64, p. 32-57.; Neiva, A. M., & Neiva, J. (2005). Beryl from the granitic pegmatite at Namivo, Alto Ligonha, Mozambique. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie-Abhandlungen: Journal of Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 181(2), 173-182. | |
Myanmar | |
| No reference listed |
Namibia | |
| http://www.mineral.tu-freiberg.de/econgeology/lehre/namibia/snlipegm/snlipegm_2_4.html |
| [var: Kunzite] Von Bezing, L., Bode, R., and Jahn, S., (2008) Namibia Minerals and Localities. Edition Schloss Freudenstein, Bode Verlag GmbH, Haltern. 335 pp (in English). |
| Ashworth, L. (2014). Mineralised Pegmatites of the Damara Belt, Namibia: Fluid inclusion and geochemical characteristics with implications for post-collisional mineralisation (Doctoral dissertation, Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand). |
Ashworth, L. (2014). Mineralised Pegmatites of the Damara Belt, Namibia: Fluid inclusion and geochemical characteristics with implications for post-collisional mineralisation (Doctoral dissertation, Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand). | |
| Bezing, L. von, Bode, R. & Jahn, S. (2008): Namibia Minerals and Localities. Edition Schloss Freudenstein, Bode Verlag GmbH, Haltern, 384 pp. (in English) |
Baldwin, J. R. (1994). Lithium and tantalum mineralization in rare-element pegmatites from southern Africa (Doctoral dissertation, University of St Andrews). | |
Baldwin, J. R. (1994). Lithium and tantalum mineralization in rare-element pegmatites from southern Africa (Doctoral dissertation, University of St Andrews). | |
Niger | |
| Abdou, A., Bonnot, H. et al. (1998): Notice explicative des Cartes Géologiques du Liptako à 1/100 000 et 1/200 000.- Ministère des Mines et de l‘Energie, République du Niger; 64 pages. |
| Abdou, A., Bonnot, H. et al. (1998): Notice explicative des Cartes Géologiques du Liptako à 1/100 000 et 1/200 000.- Ministère des Mines et de l‘Energie, République du Niger; 64 pages. |
| Abdou, A., Bonnot, H. et al. (1998): Notice explicative des Cartes Géologiques du Liptako à 1/100 000 et 1/200 000.- Ministère des Mines et de l‘Energie, République du Niger; 64 pages. |
| Abdou, A., Bonnot, H. et al. (1998): Notice explicative des Cartes Géologiques du Liptako à 1/100 000 et 1/200 000.- Ministère des Mines et de l‘Energie, République du Niger; 64 pages. |
Nigeria | |
| [var: Kunzite] Mineralogical Record (2001) 32:252 |
North Korea | |
| Shibata, H.: Lithia mica deposits in Korea with special reference to spodumene and amblygonite. (in: Geology and Mineral Resources of the Far East, University of Tokyo Press, 1969; pp 158-168) |
| Shibata, H.: Lithia mica deposits in Korea with special reference to spodumene and amblygonite. (in: Geology and Mineral Resources of the Far East, University of Tokyo Press, 1969; pp 158-168) |
Norway | |
| Nordrum, F. S., Vestvik, J. & Larsen, A.O. (1999): Li-granittpegmatitten i Sandnessjøen. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift 15:31-33 |
| Oftedal, I. (1950): En litiumførende granittpegmatitt i Nordland. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 28, 234-237. |
| Collection of L`Ecole des Mines, Paris; Raade, G. (1981): Spodumen fra Bamble. in Geologisk Museum. Interne notater 1961-1990. Published by Geologisk Museums Venner, Oslo 1991, p 88. |
Pakistan | |
| Dudley Blauwet, Bill Smith and Carol Smith (2004) Table of mineral localities of the northern areas of Pakistan and other selected sites. (in "Pakistan: Minerals, Mountains & Majesty", Lapis International, East Hampton, Connecticut); Dudley Blauwet, Bill Smith and Carol Smith (2004) Table of mineral localities of the northern areas of Pakistan and other selected sites. (in "Pakistan: Minerals, Mountains & Majesty", Lapis International, East Hampton, Connecticut) |
Dudley Blauwet et al. (2004), Pakistan: Minerals, Mountains & Majesty", Lapis International | |
| [var: Kunzite] http://www.paksearch.com/page/2000/is50/GEMS.htm |
Poland | |
| Pieczka, A., Włodek, A., Gołębiowska, B., Szełęg, E., Szuszkiewicz, A., Ilnicki, S., Nejbert, K., Turniak, K. (2015): Phosphate-bearing pegmatites in the Góry Sowie Block and adjacent areas, Sudetes, SW Poland. 7th International Symposium on Granitic Pegmatites, PEG 2015 Książ, Poland. Abstracts: 77-78; Pieczka, A., Hawthorne, F.C., Ma, C., Rossman, G.R., Szełęg, E., Szuszkiewicz, A., Turniak, K., Nejbert, K., Ilnicki, S.S., Buffat, P., Rutkowski, B. (2016): Żabińskiite, ideally Ca(Al0.5Ta0.5)(SiO4)O, a new mineral of the titanite group from the Piława Górna pegmatite, the Góry Sowie Block, southwestern Poland, Mineralogical Magazine: 80: (in press |
| Pieczka A., Gołębiowska B. 2002: Pegmatites of the Szklarska Poręba Huta granite quarry: preliminary data on REE-mineralization. Mineralogia Polonica, vol. 20, 175-177 |
Portugal | |
| Dias, P. A., Pereira, B., Leal Gomes, C., & Guimarães, F. (2009). Structure and Mineralogy of the Muro Alto Granitic Pegmatite (Vieira Do Minho-Portugal) – Peculiar Assemblages of High-F Hydro-thermal Evolution. Estudos Geológicos, 19(2), 105. |
| Neiva, A. M. R., Silva, M. M. V. G., Antunes, I. M. H. R., & Ramos, J. M. F. (2000). Phosphate minerals of some granitic rocks associated quartz veins from northern and central Portugal. |
| Martins, T., Lima, A., Simmons, W.B. Falster, A.U. & Noronha, F. (2011): Geochemical fractionation of Nb-Ta oxides in Li-bearing pegmatites from the Barroso-Alvão pegmatite field, Northern Portugal. Canadian Mineralogist. 49, 777-791 |
Novák, M. et al. (2009): Ferronigerite with dominant substitution TiSn-1 in muscovite+chlorite aggregate from massive quartz nodule associated with a petalite-rich aplite-pegmatite of the Barroso-Alvão pegmatite field, Northern Portugal. N. Jb. Mineral. Abh. 186, 67-78. | |
Romania | |
| Androne, D.A.M., Buzgar, N., and Kasper, H.U. (2005): Proceedings of the Annual Scientific Session of The Geological Society of Romania, Rosia Montana, 20-21 May 2005, 16-26.; al României, I. G. (2003) The 5 Th Symposium Baia Mare Branch Of The Geological Society Of Romania. pp8-9; Săbău, G. (2010) Lanthanide-free fersmite in the lithian pegmatites at Conţu, Lotru Mts., and its relationship with other niobo-tantalates. Annual Conference of the Geological Society of Romania, Bucharest, 5-6 November 2010 ; Androne D.A.M., Buzgar N., Kasper H.U., Schoenbeck T. (2004) Geochemical considerations on the tourmaline from Conţu-Negovanu pegmatites (Lotru-Cibin Mts.) Romanian Journal of Mineral Deposits 81:63-67; Calin N, Fransolet A, Baijot M, Marincea S, Dumitras D, Hatert F, Anason M, Iancu A (2014) A possible new mineral species, "ferrogatehouseite" (Fe,Mn)5(PO4)2(OH)4 from Conţu Pegmatite, Romania. 21 st meeting of the International Mineralogical Association. p 264 |
Russia | |
| Seltmann, R., Soloviev, S., Shatov, V., Pirajno, F., Naumov, E., & Cherkasov, S. (2010). Metallogeny of Siberia: tectonic, geologic and metallogenic settings of selected significant deposits*. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 57(6), 655-706 |
| Seltmann, R., Soloviev, S., Shatov, V., Pirajno, F., Naumov, E., & Cherkasov, S. (2010). Metallogeny of Siberia: tectonic, geologic and metallogenic settings of selected significant deposits*. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 57(6), 655-706 |
Seltmann, R., Soloviev, S., Shatov, V., Pirajno, F., Naumov, E., & Cherkasov, S. (2010). Metallogeny of Siberia: tectonic, geologic and metallogenic settings of selected significant deposits*. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 57(6), 655-706 | |
Seltmann, R., Soloviev, S., Shatov, V., Pirajno, F., Naumov, E., & Cherkasov, S. (2010). Metallogeny of Siberia: tectonic, geologic and metallogenic settings of selected significant deposits*. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 57(6), 655-706 | |
Dmitriy Belakovskiy; Seltmann, R., Soloviev, S., Shatov, V., Pirajno, F., Naumov, E., & Cherkasov, S. (2010). Metallogeny of Siberia: tectonic, geologic and metallogenic settings of selected significant deposits*. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 57(6), 655-706 | |
| Боруцкий Б.Е. Гебронит из натро-литиевых пегматитов Сибири, - Новые данные о минералах СССР, 1966, вып. 7, с. 183-189. |
| www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/lovo.htm |
Rruff specimen R070733 | |
Gavrilenko, B.V. (2001) Ore potential of acidic rocks of the Achean Kolmozero-Voronya zone, NE Baltic Shield. in: Piestrzynski, A. et al. (ed.) (2001) Mineral Deposits at the Beginning of the 21st Century. Proceedings of the joint sixth biennal sga-seg meeting, Kraków, Poland, 26-29 August 2001. | |
Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow | |
Gavrilenko, B.V. (2001) Ore potential of acidic rocks of the Achean Kolmozero-Voronya zone, NE Baltic Shield. in: Piestrzynski, A. et al. (ed.) (2001) Mineral Deposits at the Beginning of the 21st Century. Proceedings of the joint sixth biennal sga-seg meeting, Kraków, Poland, 26-29 August 2001. | |
Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow | |
[Mineralien Welt 6/92:62] | |
| No reference listed |
Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow; Kuznetsova, L. G., & Prokof’ev, V. Y. (2009, November). Petrogenesis of extremely lithium-rich spodumene aplites of the Tastyg deposit, Sangilen Highland, Tyva Republic. In Doklady Earth Sciences (Vol. 429, No. 1, pp. 1262-1266). MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica.; Seltmann, R., Soloviev, S., Shatov, V., Pirajno, F., Naumov, E., & Cherkasov, S. (2010). Metallogeny of Siberia: tectonic, geologic and metallogenic settings of selected significant deposits*. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 57(6), 655-706; USGS Open File Report 2005-1252 p87 | |
| Badanina, E.V., Gordienko, V.V., Wiechowski, A., and Friedrich, G. (2008): Geology of ore Deposits 50(8), 772-781. |
| |
P.M. Kartashov data; Seltmann, R., Soloviev, S., Shatov, V., Pirajno, F., Naumov, E., & Cherkasov, S. (2010). Metallogeny of Siberia: tectonic, geologic and metallogenic settings of selected significant deposits*. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 57(6), 655-706 | |
Rwanda | |
| Bertossa, A. (1968) Inventaire des minéraux du Rwanda. Bulletin du Service Géologique de Rwanda: 4: 25-45.; Daltry, V.D.C. and von Knorring, O. (1998) Type-mineralogy of Rwanda with particular reference to the Buranga pegmatite. Geologica Belgica: 1: 9-15. |
Hatert, F., Lefèvre, P., Fransolet, A.-M., Spirlet, M.-R., Rebbouh, L., Fontan, F., and Keller, P., 2005. Ferrorosemaryite, NaFe2+Fe3+Al(PO4)3, a new phosphate mineral from the Rubindi pegmatite, Rwanda. European Journal of Mineralogy 17, 749-759.; Lefèvre, P., Fransolet, A. M., Fontan, F., & Keller, P. Petrographic study of the Al-rich phosphate mineral associations of the Rubindi-Kabilizi pegmatite, Gatumba area, Rwanda. | |
Bertossa, A., 1967. Inventaire des minéraux du Rwanda. Bulletin du Service Géologique de Rwanda 4, 25-45. | |
Serbia | |
| Lazić, B., Kahlenberg, V., Vulić, P., Pešić, L., Dimitrijević, R. (2009): Meta-autunite from a Li-pegmatite of the Cer Mt., Serbia: Its mineralogical and XRD investigations. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Abhandlungen, 186, 333-344 |
Somalia | |
| Küster, D. (2009): Ore Geology Reviews 35, 68-86. |
South Africa | |
| Minerals of South Africa |
Minerals of South Africa | |
| Minerals of South Africa |
| Cairncross, B. and Dixon, R., (1995) Minerals of South Africa. The Geological Society of South Africa. |
| Munyai, M. R., Dirks, P. H. G. M., & Charlesworth, E. G. (2011). Archaean gold mineralisation during post-orogenic extension in the new consort gold mine, Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa. South African Journal of Geology, 114(2), 121-144. |
| Minerals of South Africa |
| Gevers, T. W.; Partridge, F. C.; Joubert, G. K. (1937): The pegmatite area south of the Orange River, Namaqualand. Mem. Geol. Survey, S. Africa, No. 31, 172 pp. |
Minerals of South Africa | |
Baldwin, J. R. (1994). Lithium and tantalum mineralization in rare-element pegmatites from southern Africa (Doctoral dissertation, University of St Andrews). | |
| Minerals of South Africa |
Baldwin, J. R. (1994). Lithium and tantalum mineralization in rare-element pegmatites from southern Africa (Doctoral dissertation, University of St Andrews). | |
Minerals of South Africa; Baldwin, J. R. (1994). Lithium and tantalum mineralization in rare-element pegmatites from southern Africa (Doctoral dissertation, University of St Andrews). | |
Baldwin, J. R. (1994). Lithium and tantalum mineralization in rare-element pegmatites from southern Africa (Doctoral dissertation, University of St Andrews).; Gauert C, MacDonald N, Roelofse F (2014) Mineralogical and fluid inclusion characteristics of the spodumene-bearing Noumas I pegmatite, Northern Cape, South Africa. 21 st meeting of the International Mineralogical Association. p 266 | |
| Minerals of South Africa |
Baldwin, J. R. (1994). Lithium and tantalum mineralization in rare-element pegmatites from southern Africa (Doctoral dissertation, University of St Andrews). | |
Minerals of South Africa; Baldwin, J. R. (1994). Lithium and tantalum mineralization in rare-element pegmatites from southern Africa (Doctoral dissertation, University of St Andrews). | |
Minerals of South Africa | |
Spain | |
| Roda-Robles, E., Vieira, R., Pesquera, A., & Lima, A. (2010). Chemical variations and significance of phosphates from the Fregeneda-Almendra pegmatite field, Central Iberian Zone (Spain and Portugal). Mineralogy and Petrology, 100(1-2), 23-34. |
Encarnación Roda-Robles, Alfonso Pesquera (2007) Locality no. 3: Lepidolite-spodumene-rich and cassiterite-rich pegmatites from the Feli open-pit, (La Fregeneda, Salamanca, Spain) in ALEXANDRE LIMA & ENCARNACIÓN RODA ROBLES ed (2007) GRANITIC PEGMATITES: THE STATE OF THE ART - FIELD TRIP GUIDEBOOK. MEMÓRIAS N. º 9, UNIV. DO PORTO, FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS, DEPARTAMENTO DE GEOLOGIA pp 55-64 | |
J. Mangas and A. Arribas, Bull. Minéral. , 1988, 111, pp. 343-358.; Encarnación Roda-Robles, Alfonso Pesquera (2007) Locality no. 3: Lepidolite-spodumene-rich and cassiterite-rich pegmatites from the Feli open-pit, (La Fregeneda, Salamanca, Spain) in ALEXANDRE LIMA & ENCARNACIÓN RODA ROBLES ed (2007) GRANITIC PEGMATITES: THE STATE OF THE ART - FIELD TRIP GUIDEBOOK. MEMÓRIAS N. º 9, UNIV. DO PORTO, FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS, DEPARTAMENTO DE GEOLOGIA pp 55-64 | |
| Fuertes-Fuente, M., Martin-Izard, A., Boiron, M.C., and Mangas, J. (2000): Mineralium Deposita 35, 332-345. |
| Fuertes-Fuente, M., Martin-Izard, A., Boiron, M.C., and Mangas, J. (2000): Mineralium Deposita 35, 332-345. |
Sri Lanka | |
| [var: Kunzite] Ceylon Aluvial Mine, (Book, Co. 2002) |
| Pardieu, V., & Dubinsky, E. V. SAPPHIRE RUSH NEAR KATARAGAMA, SRI LANKA (FEBRUARY–MARCH 2012). GIA |
Swaziland | |
| Econ Geol (1995) 90:648-657 |
Sweden | |
| No reference listed |
| d’Andrada, J. B. (1800): Der eigenschaften und kennzeichen einiger neuen fossilien aus Schweden und Norwegen nebst einigen chemischen bemerkungen ueber dieselben. Allgemeines Journal der Chemie 4, 28-39 ; Langhof, J., Jonson, E, Gustafsson, L. & Otter, B. (1998): Utö- en klassisk svensk mineralfyndort. Bergverksmuseets Skrift 14, 29-31 |
Selway, J. B.; Smeds, S.-A.; Cerny, P.; Hawthorne, F. C. (2002): Compositional evolution of tourmaline in the petalite-subtype Nykopingsgruvan pegmatites, Uto, Stockholm Archipelago, Sweden. GFF 124, 93-102. | |
| Grensman, F & Langhof, J.(1991):Åkerberget. Guldgruva med litiumpegmatite. STEIN 18(2),20-22; Billström, K., Mattson, B., Söderlund, U., Årebäck, H., & Broman, C. (2012). Geology and Age Constraints on the Origin of the Intrusion-Related, Sheeted Vein-Type Åkerberg Gold Deposit, Skellefte District, Sweden. Minerals, 2(4), 385-416. |
Quensel, P.: Minerals of the Varuträsk Pegmatite in Geologiska Foereningan i Stockholm. Foerhandlingar Volume 60, Issue 2, 1938 (http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/11035893809444995) | |
| Collection of Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm nr 19890034 |
| Romer, R.L & Smeds, S-A. (1997): U-Pb columbite chronology of post-kinematic Palaeoproterozoic pegmatites in Sweden. Precambrian Research. 82, 85–99 |
No reference listed | |
UK | |
| http://johnblanchard.net/index.php/some-sites/226-meldon-aplite-quarry-sssi; von Knorring, O. and Condliffe, E. (1984) On the occurrence of niobium-tantalum and other rare-element minerals in the Meldon aplite, Devonshire. Mineralogical Magazine, 48(348), 443-448 (referring to Kingsbury). |
| F. Rutley: "Elements of Mineralogy", 12th Ed. (1900) |
Ukraine | |
| E. Y. Kievlenko (2003) Geology of Gems, 84 |
| Lyckberg, P., Chornousenko, V. & Wilson, W. E. (2009): Volodarsk-Volynski, Zhitomir Oblast, Ukraine. Mineralogical Record, 40, 473-506. |
USA | |
| Rocks & Min 70:5 pp 320-333; Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 27, pp. 93-105 (1989) |
| Mineralogy of Alabama Geol Surv Ala. Bull 120 |
| Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 379. |
| MRDS file #10027543. |
Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 184; Jahns, Richard H. (1952), AZ Bur. of Mines Bull. 162. | |
| Jahns, R.H. (1953), The genesis of pegmatites, Am.Min.: 38: 563-598; Meeves, H., et al (1966), Reconnaissance of beryllium-bearing pegmatite deposits in six western states, US Bur. Mines Info. Circ. 8298: 20 (Table A-1). |
Jahns, R.H. (1952), Pegmatite deposits of the White Picacho District, Maricopa and Yavapai Cos., AZ, AZ Bur. Mines Bull. 162: 39 (Plate IX), 80. | |
| AmMin 67: 97-113 (1982) |
| Jahns, R.H. (1952), AZ Bur. Mines Bull. 162: 104-105; Meeves, H., et al (1966), Reconnaissance of beryllium-bearing pegmatite deposits in six western states, US Bur. Mines Info. Circ. 8298: 21 (Table A-1). |
Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 379, 402; Jahns, R.H. (1952), Pegmatite deposits of the White Picacho district, Maricopa and Yavapai Cos., AZ, AZ Bur. Mines Bull. 162: 39, 41, 98-103; Meeves, H., et al (1966), Reconnaissance of beryllium-bearing pegmatite deposits in six western states, US Bur. Mines Info. Circ. 8298: 22 (Table A-1). | |
Jahns, R.H. (1952), AZ Bur. Mines Bull. 162: 103; Meeves, H., et al (1966), Reconnaissance of beryllium-bearing pegmatite deposits in six western states, US Bur. Mines Info. Circ. 8298: 21 (Table A-1).. | |
| Jahns, Richard H. (1952), AZ Bur. of Mines Bull. 162: 41 (Plate X), 84-86; Meeves, H., et al (1966), Reconnaissance of beryllium-bearing pegmatite deposits in six western states, US Bur. Mines Info. Circ. 8298: 22 (Table A-1). |
Am Min 67:97-113 | |
Jahns, R.H. (1952), AZ Bur. Mines Bull. 162: 87-90; Meeves, H., et al (1966), Reconnaissance of beryllium-bearing pegmatite deposits in six western states, US Bur. Mines Info. Circ. 8298: 22 (Table A-1). | |
Jahns, Richard H. (1952), AZ Bur. of Mines Bull. 162: 86-87; Meeves, H., et al (1966), Reconnaissance of beryllium-bearing pegmatite deposits in six western states, US Bur. Mines Info. Circ. 8298: 23 (Table A-1). | |
Am Min 67:97-113 | |
| Reed, Ralph Daniel & J.P. Bailey (1927), Subsurface correlation by means of heavy minerals: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin: 11: 363; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 346; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California: 388. |
| [var: Kunzite] Geffner, P. and Fisher, J. (1997) Recent Work at the Lithia Dyke Claim, Cahuilla Mountain, Riverside County, California. Rocks & Minerals, 72 (3): pp. 156-161. |
| [var: Kunzite] Kunz, G. F. 1905. Gems, jeweler's materials, and ornamental stones of California. California State Mining Bureau bulletin 37: p. 121-22.; Jesse Fisher (2011) Mines and Minerals of the Southern California Pegmatite Province. Rocks & Minerals 86:14-34. |
San Diego Natural History Museum | |
| Bean. J. 2003. Report: A field trip to the Thursday mine (Pandora), near Banner, San Diego County, California: December. |
| [var: Kunzite] Kunz, G. F. (1905), Gems, jeweler's materials, and ornamental stones of California. California State Mining Bureau bulletin 37, page 62. |
[var: Kunzite] Kunz, G. F. (1905), Gems, jeweler's materials, and ornamental stones of California. California State Mining Bureau bulletin 37, page 62; Merrill, F. J. H. (1914), Geology and Mineral Resources of San Diego and Imperial Counties: Gems, Lithia Minerals. California State Mining Bureau, San Francisco, Cal. California State Printing Office, December. Chapter 1, page 702; Murdoch, Joseph & Webb, Robert W. (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 347. | |
[var: Kunzite] Kunz, G. F. (1905), Gems, jeweler's materials, and ornamental stones of California. California State Mining Bureau bulletin 37, page 62; Merrill, F. J. H. (1914), Geology and Mineral Resources of San Diego and Imperial Counties: Gems, Lithia Minerals. California State Mining Bureau, San Francisco, Cal. California State Printing Office, December. Chapter 1, page 702; Murdoch, Joseph & Webb, Robert W. (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 347. | |
| Masimer, G.E. (1965) Inclusions in quartz crystals from DeLuz, California. Gems and Minerals: 329: 32; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 348. |
| [var: Kunzite] Todd, V. R. et al. 1987. Mineral Resources of the Sawtooth Mountains and Carrizo Gorge/ Eastern McCain Valley Wilderness Study Areas, San Diego County, California. U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1711-B, 26 p., maps.; Jesse Fisher (2011) Mines and Minerals of the Southern California Pegmatite Province. Rocks & Minerals 86:14-34. |
[var: Kunzite] Journal of Pegmatology v. 1, no. 1. (2002) | |
[var: Kunzite] Kunz, George Frederick (1903a), On a new lilac-colored spodumene San Diego County, California: American Journal of Science, 4th. series: 16: 280; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 347. | |
| Kunz, G. F. 1905. Gems, jeweler's materials, and ornamental stones of California. California State Mining Bureau bulletin 37; pages 133-135. |
Weber, F.H. (1963), Geology and mineral resources of San Diego County, California. California Division of Mines and Geology, County Report 3; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 390. | |
| Weber, F. H. 1963. Geology and mineral resources of San Diego County, California. California Division of Mines and Geology, County Report 3: pages 89-91; illus., maps. |
Jahns, R. H. and Wright, L. A. (1951), Gem and lithium bearing pegmatites of the Pala District, San Diego County, California. California Division of Mines Special Report 7A: 72 p. | |
| [var: Kunzite] Merrill, F. J. H. (1914), Geology and Mineral Resources of San Diego and Imperial Counties: Gems, Lithia Minerals. California State Mining Bureau, San Francisco, Cal. California State Printing Office. Chapter 1, p. 69. |
[var: Kunzite] Jesse Fisher (2011) Mines and Minerals of the Southern California Pegmatite Province. Rocks & Minerals 86:14-34. | |
[var: Kunzite] Mauthner, M. H. F. (2011), Recent Finds at the Oceanview Mine, Pala District, San Diego County, California. Rocks & Minerals 86(1): 41-47. | |
[var: Kunzite] personally collected | |
[var: Kunzite] personal collections (Reed, Mauthner) | |
[var: Kunzite] Kunz, G. F. 1905. Gems, jeweler's materials, and ornamental stones of California. California State Mining Bureau bulletin 37: p. 81-93; 126-127.; Jesse Fisher (2011) Mines and Minerals of the Southern California Pegmatite Province. Rocks & Minerals 86:14-34. | |
[var: Kunzite] Hapeman, Jeffrey R. (2011) | |
| [var: Kunzite] Cook, R. B. (1997). Connoisseur's Choice: Spodumene var. Kunzite, Nuristan, Afghanistan. Rocks & Minerals, 72(5), 340-343. |
[var: Kunzite] Christopher N. Wentzell | |
Kunz, G. F. 1905. Gems, jeweler's materials, and ornamental stones of California. California State Mining Bureau bulletin 37: page 86. | |
[var: Kunzite] Rocks & Min.: 23:517.; Jesse Fisher (2011) Mines and Minerals of the Southern California Pegmatite Province. Rocks & Minerals 86:14-34. | |
[var: Kunzite] Weber, F. H. 1963. Geology and mineral resources of San Diego County, California. California Division of Mines and Geology, County Report 3: p. 111. | |
[var: Kunzite] Kunz, G. F. 1905. Gems, jeweler's materials, and ornamental stones of California. California State Mining Bureau bulletin 37: pages 86, 129-132. | |
Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 38, pp. 1399-1408 (2000) | |
Jahns, R. A., and Wright, L. A. 1951. Gem and Lithium-Bearing Pegmatites of the Pala District, San Diego County, California. California Division of Mines and Geology Special Report 7A, p. 30. | |
Jahns, Richard Henry & Wright, Lauren A. (1951), Gem and lithium-bearing pegmatites of the Pala district, San Diego County, California. California Division of Mines Special Report 7-A: p. 31; U.S. Geological Survey (2005), Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
Jahns, Richard Henry & Lauren A. Wright (1951), Gem and lithium bearing pegmatites of the Pala district, San Diego County, California: California Division Mines Special Report 7-A: 57-59. | |
[var: Kunzite] Merrill, F. J. H. 1914. Geology and Mineral Resources of San Diego and Imperial Counties: Gems, Lithia Minerals. California State Mining Bureau, San Francisco, Cal. California State Printing Office, December. Chapter 1, pages 61-110. | |
[var: Kunzite] Sheppard, J. B. (2008), History of the surface prospects and underground mining developments made along the northern portion of the Stewart pegmatite; personal communication with Scott L. Ritchie, San Diego Mining Company (SDMC). June/July. | |
[var: Kunzite] Tucker, W. B., Reed, C. H. (1939), Los Angeles Field District - Mineral Resources of San Diego County. California Journal of Mines and Geology, quarterly chapter of State Mineralogist's Report 35; January: p. 37-40, Illus., maps. | |
Swoboda, E. R. 2001. Tourmaline Queen case files (1968-2000); personal communication with Scott L. Ritchie, SDMC, 2000-2001. Swoboda Inc., Beverly Hills, Los Angeles County, CA. | |
| Hanley, J.B. (1951), Economic Geology of the Rincon Pegmatites, San Diego County, California. Department of Natural Resources, California Division of Mines, Special Report 7B: 15-23; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 242. |
| Murdoch, Joseph (1946), Progress on revision of Bulletin 113 “Minerals of California,” with notes on some new mineral occurrences: California Division Mines Report 42: 198; Hanley, J.B. (1951), Economic Geology of the Rincon Pegmatites, San Diego County, California. Department of Natural Resources, California Division of Mines, Special Report 7B: 23; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 79, 215, 346; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 389. |
[var: Kunzite] Rogers, A. F. 1910. Minerals From The Pegmatite Veins Of Rincon, San Diego Co., California. Columbia University School Of Mines Quarterly Journal Of Applied Science, Vol. 31 pp. 208-218. | |
| McCollum, A. (1999), Personal communication to Scott L. Ritchie by Art McCollum of Sun City, California - description of Joe Laddomada's discovery of a gem-quality apatite occurrence on the Mason Ranch; gem spodumene occurrence at the "Crest Gem" mine (circa 1985): October. |
| [var: Kunzite] Larson, W. F. (2011), Personal collection of William F. Larson. On display at the Collector in Fallbrook, California. |
| Meeves, H., et al (1966), Reconnaissance of beryllium-bearing pegmatite deposits in six western states, US Bur. Mines Info. Circ. 8298: 26 (Table A-1). |
| Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckel |
| USGS Prof. Paper 227 |
| Meeves, H., et al (1966), Reconnaissance of beryllium-bearing pegmatite deposits in six western states, US Bur. Mines Info. Circ. 8298: 29 (Table A-1). |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.; USGS Prof. Paper 227 | |
Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B. | |
| Januzzi (1976) Mineral Localities of Connecticut & Southeastern New York State, p.278 |
Weber, Marcelle H. and Earle C. Sullivan. (1995): Connecticut Mineral Locality Index. Rocks & Minerals (Connecticut Issue): 70 (6): 396; Januzzi, Ronald E. (1994), Mineral Data Book - Western Connecticut and Environs. The Mineralogical Press, Danbury, Connecticut.; Shepard, Charles U. (1837), A Report on the Geological Survey of Connecticut. Hamlen, New Haven. | |
| [var: Kunzite] Brush and Dana (1880); Rocks & Minerals. Vol. 70. No. 6; Rocks & Minerals (1995) 70:396-409 |
Januzzi, 1976. Mineral Localities of CT and Southeastern NY State | |
Januzzi, 1976. Mineral Localities of CT and Southeastern NY State; Rocks & Minerals (1995) 70:396-409 | |
| Scovil, Jeffrey A. (1992): Famous Mineral Localities: the Gillette Quarry, Haddam Neck, Connecticut. (Mineralogical Record, 23(1):19-28.); Schooner, Richard. (1958) THE MINERALOGY OF THE PORTLAND-EAST HAMPTON-MIDDLETOWN-HADDAM AREA IN CONNECTICUT (With a few notes on Glastonbury and Marlborough). |
| Ryerson (1972); Harold Moritz collection |
| Harold Moritz collection.; Seaman, David W. (1947): Reminiscing On Collins Hill, Portland, Conn. Rocks & Minerals, vol. 22, no. 8, pp. 732-3. |
[var: Kunzite] Jarnot, Bruce. (1995): Connecticut Gems and Gem Minerals. Rocks & Minerals: 70(6): 378-382. | |
[var: Kunzite] Rocks & Min.: 70:382 | |
| Gems and Minerals of America - Jay Ellis Ransom-1974 |
Gems and Minerals of America - Jay Ellis Ransom-1974 | |
| Minerals of Georgia: Their properties and occurrences. Robert Cook GGWRD Bull 92 |
| [var: Kunzite] Anderson, 1991. Maine Mineral Localities, 2nd ed. |
| No reference listed |
King, V. & Foord, E., Mineralogy of Maine. Vol. 1, 1994 ; Morrill, P., Maine Mines and Minerals, Vol. 1; Thompson, Joyner, Woodman & King, Maine Mineral Localities, 1998 | |
Personally collected and sight identified in 2011. Dan Levesque collection. | |
| No reference listed |
No reference listed | |
| King, V. T. and Foord, E. E., 1994, Mineralogy of Maine, Descriptive Mineralogy, volume 1, Maine Geological Survey, Augusta, Maine, USA, pp. 418 + 88 plates. |
| No reference listed |
| No reference listed |
| W. B. Thompson, D. L. Joyner, R. G. Woodman, and V. T. King (2005) A Collector's Guide to Maine Mineral Localities. Maine Geological Survey Bulletin 41 |
Todd Voters Collection | |
| King, V. and Foord, E., 1994, Mineralogy of Maine, v.1. |
| No reference listed |
Thompson, W.B., et.al., 1998, Maine Mineral Localities, 3rd edition, Maine Geologic Survey, Augusta. | |
| King, V. and Foord, E., 1994, Mineralogy of Maine, V. 1, King, V. (ed.), 2000, Mineralogy of Maine, V. 2. |
| Maine Pegmatite Workshop 2004 |
Bastin, Edson Sunderland (1911) Geology of the pegmatites and associated rocks of Maine, including feldspar, quartz, mica, and gem deposits. USGS Bulletin 445. | |
Van King | |
Mineral News (1993) 9:2 p. 8 | |
| No reference listed |
Gary Powell | |
| King, V. and Foord, E., 1994, Mineralogy of Maine, V. 1; King, V. (ed.), 2000, Mineralogy of Maine, V. 2. |
King, V. and Foord, E., 1994, Mineralogy of Maine, V. 1; King, V. (ed.), 2000, Mineralogy of Maine, V. 2, with updates by Van King; Cameron, Eugene N.; and others (1954) Pegmatite investigations, 1942-45, in New England. USGS Professional Paper 255. | |
[var: Kunzite] King, V. T., 2006, Minerals of Halls Ridge and Plumbago-Puzzle Mountain, Newry, ... Maine, Mineral News, v. 22(6): p. 1-3. | |
King, V. and Foord, E., 1994, Mineralogy of Maine, v. 1; King, V, 2006, Minerals of Halls Ridge and Plumbago-Puzzle Mountain, Newry, Oxford County, Maine, Mineral News, v. 22 (6), p. 1-3. | |
King, V. and Foord, E., 1994, Mineralogy of Maine, V. 1; King, V. (ed), 2000, Mineralogy of Maine, V. 2; Cameron, Eugene N.; and others (1954) Pegmatite investigations, 1942-45, in New England. USGS Professional Paper 255. | |
Gary Freeman | |
"Mineralogy of Maine, Vol. 1" by King, V.T. & Foord, E.E., Maine Geological Survey, 1994 | |
King, V. and Foord, E., 1994, Mineralogy of Maine, v. 1; King, V, 2006, Minerals of Halls Ridge and Plumbago-Puzzle Mountain, Newry, Oxford County, Maine, Mineral News, v. 22 (6), p. 1-3. | |
Barton, W. & C. E. Goldsmith (1968) New England Beryllium investigations. US Bureau Mines RI 7070 | |
Van King, unpublished property evaluation | |
King, V. and Foord, E., 1994, Mineralogy of Maine, v. 1; King, V, 2006, Minerals of Halls Ridge and Plumbago-Puzzle Mountain, Newry, Oxford County, Maine, Mineral News, v. 22 (6), p. 1-3. | |
| No reference listed |
| |
King, V. T. and Foord, E. E., 1994, Mineralogy of Maine, Descriptive Mineralogy, volume 1, Maine Geological Survey, Augusta, Maine, USA, pp. 418 + 88 plates. "Maine Mineral Localites, 3rd Ed." by Thompson, W.B., et.al. , 1998; Encar Roda-Robles, William Simmons, Alexander Falster, Alfonso Pesquera, Pedro-Pablo Gil-Crespo (2018) Paragenetic and compositional evolution of tourmaline from the Mt. Mica pegmatite (Maine, USA). in abstracts of the 22nd IMA Meeting Melbourne p 498 | |
| No reference listed |
| Van King |
| Rocks & Min. (2007) 82:242; USGS Bull 445 |
No reference listed | |
No reference listed | |
| [var: Kunzite] Anderson, 1991. Maine Mineral Localities, 2nd ed. |
Thompson, W.B., et.al., 1991, Maine Mineral Localities, 2nd edition, Maine Geological Survey, Augusta. | |
King, V. and Foord, E., 1994, Mineralogy of Maine. | |
| "Western Massachusetts Mineral Localities" by Plante, A.R., Valley Geology Press, 1992 |
| Plante, A. (1992): Western Massachusetts Mineral Localities (Valley Geology, Greenfield, Mass) |
| \ |
Emerson, B. K. (1917). The Geology of Massachusetts and Rhode Island (USGS Bulletin 597), p.255. | |
Emerson, B. K. (1917). The Geology of Massachusetts and Rhode Island (USGS Bulletin 597), p.255-256. | |
| "Western Massachusetts Mineral Localites" by Plante, A.R., Valley Geology Press, 1992 |
| Van King |
Emerson, Geology of Massachusetts and Rhode Island, 1917. (USGS Bulletin 597), p.257. | |
| Gleba, 1978. Massachusetts Mineral & Fossil Localities |
| Emerson, 1917. Geology of Mass. & Rhode Island, p. 237 |
| Billings, M. P. and Wolfe, C. W. (1944): Spodumene Deposits in the Leominster-Sterling Area (USGS Open-File Report 45-88) |
Billings, 1944.Spodumene Deposits in the Leominster-Sterling Area.; Richmond and Gonyer, 1937. On Pollucite (AmMin 23:783); Yale Peabody Museum nos. 267, 268. | |
Billings, M. P. and Wolfe, C. W. (1944): Spodumene Deposits in the Leominster-Sterling Area (USGS Open-File Report 45-88) | |
| www.deq.state.mi.us/documents/deq-glm-rcim-geology-Minerals_Found_In_Michigan.Pdf. |
| Heinrich (Pegmatites of Montana, Economic Geology, Vol. 44, No. 4, June-July 1949) |
| Meyers & Stewart, 1956. Geology of New Hampshire, part III. |
Meyers & Stewart (1956). The Geology of NH: Part III Minerals and Mines. p.48 | |
| Nicolay & Stone (1967), Rocks & Minerals: A Guide For Collectors of the Eastern US, p.80 |
| Nicolay & Stone (1967) Rocks & Minerals: A Guide For Collectors of the Eastern United States; Rocks & Min.: 6:21.; Rocks & Minerals (2005) 80:242-261 New Hampshire Mineral Locality Index |
| Meyers & Stewart (1956) Geology of NH, Part 3:Minerals & Mines; Rocks & Minerals (2005) 80:242-261 New Hampshire Mineral Locality Index; USGS Prof Paper 353 |
Meyers & Stewart, 1956. Geology of NH: Part III, Minerals & Mines, p.48 | |
Emerson, B. K. (1895): A Mineralogical Lexicon of Franklin, Hampshire, and Hampden Counties, Massachusetts (USGS Bulletin 126). | |
| Francis, C. A. (1985): Minerals of the Chandler Mine, A Zoned Lithium Rich Pegmatite (Rocks and Minerals, 60:263-264) ; Rocks & Minerals (2005) 80:242-261 New Hampshire Mineral Locality Index; USGS Prof Paper 353 |
USGS Prof Paper 353 | |
Nicolay & Stone. Rocks and Minerals: A Guide For Collectors of the Eastern United States, NY: A.S. Barnes & Co., 1967.; Rocks & Minerals (2005) 80:242-261 New Hampshire Mineral Locality Index | |
| Rocks & Min. 39:355 (1964); Rocks & Minerals 80:4 pp234-241; USGS Prof Paper 255 |
| Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd Rev. Ed., 1996 |
Am Min 50:96-104 | |
| Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd rev. ed, 1996 |
| Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd Rev. Ed., 1996 |
Meeves, H., et al (1966), Reconnaissance of beryllium-bearing pegmatite deposits in six western states, US Bur. Mines Info. Circ. 8298: 31 (Table A-1); A Feild Guide To Rocks And Minerals by Frederick H. Pough | |
| Jensen (1978) Minerals of New York State |
| USGS , Mineral Resources On-Line Spatial Data, 2005 |
Mineralogical Record 32(2) 129-140 | |
Charles Palache,S.C Davidson,E.A Goranson,Aug-1930,The Hiddenite Deposit in Alexander County,North Carolina,American Mineralogist,Vol 15,1930,No.8 | |
Rocks & Min.:60:84. | |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
Rocks & Minerals 79:5 p 344 | |
Brown,D.,and Wilson,W.,(2001) The Rist and Ellis Tracts, Hiddenite,North Carolina:The Mineralogical Record #32,p.132-140 | |
Kunz, G. F. 1907. History of the Gems found in North Carolina: Beryl Gems and Spodumene (Hiddenite). North Carolina Geological and Economic Survey, Bulletin No. 12. Chapter 6, pages 37-48. | |
Griffitts, Wallace R., and Olson, Jerry C.,(1953) Mica Deposits of the Southeastern Piedmont : USGS Professional Paper 248-D | |
| C.W. Allen collection |
| U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
Wilson,W.F and Mckenzie,B.J ,1978, Mineral Collecting Sites in North Carolina,Information Circular 24 | |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
Jan H.Bernard and Jaroslav Hyrsl,2004,Minerals and their Localities,pg # 567; Rocks and Minerals, (1985) 60:76-82; Carolina Geological Society Field Trip Guidebook 1981, 39-48 | |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
Michael Dennis | |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
| U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. |
| Forsyth Gem and Mineral Club |
GSA Southeastern Section - 60th Annual Meeting (23–25 March 2011) Paper No. 1-58; GSA Southeastern Section - 60th Annual Meeting (23–25 March 2011) Paper No. 1-57 | |
| Saenger,Abigail L. and Swanson,Samuel E.(2012) Mineralogy Of Primary Phoshate Minerals In Li Pegmatites Of The Kings Mountain District,North Carolina; The Geological Society Of America |
Wenger, Marc.,Armbruster,Thomas.,and Greiger,Charles A.(1991) Cation Distribution In Partially Ordered Columbite From The Kings Mountain Pegmatite, North Carolina: American Mineralogist,Vol.76 p.1897-1904 | |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
| U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
| U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
| [var: Kunzite] Mineral Collecting Sites in North Carolina- W.F. Wilson and B.J. McKenzie-1980 |
Lesure, Frank G.,(1968) Mica Deposits of the Blue Ridge in North Carolina:USGS Professional Paper 577 | |
| |
| Rocks & Min.: 10:122. |
| U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. |
| [var: Kunzite] R&M 75:3 pp 156-169 |
SDSMT Bull 18 Roberts and Rapp "Mineralogy of the Black Hills" | |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.; USGS Prof Paper 297D; Redden, Jack Allison (1959) Beryl deposits of the Beecher No.3 Black Diamond pegmatite, Custer County, South Dakota. USGS Bulletin: 1072- | |
R&M 75:3 pp 156-169 | |
Christopher N. Wentzell | |
Meeves, H., et al (1966), Reconnaissance of beryllium-bearing pegmatite deposits in six western states, US Bur. Mines Info. Circ. 8298: 32 (Table A-1). | |
R&M 75:3 pp 156-169; U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 297 | |
R&M 75:3 pp 156-169 | |
R&M 75:3 pp 156-169 | |
R&M 75:3 pp 156-169; USGS Prof Paper 297D | |
R&M 75:3 pp 156-169 | |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
| Rocks & Minerals: 60: 117; Meeves, H., et al (1966), Reconnaissance of beryllium-bearing pegmatite deposits in six western states, US Bur. Mines Info. Circ. 8298: 32 (Table A-1).; Staatz, M. H.; Page, L. R.; Norton, J. J.; Wilmarth, V. R. (1963) Exploration for beryllium at the Helen Beryl, Elkhorn, and Tin Mountain pegmatites, Custer County, South Dakota. USGS Prof. Paper 297C. |
[var: Kunzite] Seaman, 1976. Pegmatite Minerals of the World | |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
USGS Prof Paper 297F | |
USGS Prof Paper 297F | |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
| U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
USGS Prof Paper 297F | |
USGS Prof Paper 297D | |
USGS Prof Paper 297F | |
| U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. |
| R&M 75:3 pp 156-169 |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
| R&M 75:3 pp 156-169 |
| U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. |
| U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
Rocks & Min.: 10:122. | |
| U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.; USGS Prof Paper 247 |
Norton, James J. (1964) Pegmatites and other Precambrian Rocks in the Southern Black Hills; Geology and mineral deposits of some pegmatites in the southern Black Hills, South Dakota. USGS Professional Paper 297E. | |
| R&M 75:3 pp 156-169; U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 297; Norton, James J. (1964) Pegmatites and other Precambrian Rocks in the Southern Black Hills; Geology and mineral deposits of some pegmatites in the southern Black Hills, South Dakota. USGS Professional Paper 297E. |
R&M 75:3 pp 156-169; Meeves, H., et al (1966), Reconnaissance of beryllium-bearing pegmatite deposits in six western states, US Bur. Mines Info. Circ. 8298: 32 (Table A-1). | |
| U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.; Norton, James J. (1964) Pegmatites and other Precambrian Rocks in the Southern Black Hills; Geology and mineral deposits of some pegmatites in the southern Black Hills, South Dakota. USGS Professional Paper 297E. |
Rocks & Min.:10:147 & 60:112,116; Meeves, H., et al (1966), Reconnaissance of beryllium-bearing pegmatite deposits in six western states, US Bur. Mines Info. Circ. 8298: 33 (Table A-1). | |
R&M 75:3 pp 156-169 | |
R&M 75:3 pp 156-169; American Mineralogist, Volume 73, pages 324-337, 1988 | |
Rocks & Minerals: 57: 160 &/or 60: 110 & 112.; USGS Bull 380D; U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.; Norton, James J. (1964) Pegmatites and other Precambrian Rocks in the Southern Black Hills; Geology and mineral deposits of some pegmatites in the southern Black Hills, South Dakota. USGS Professional Paper 297E. | |
| R&M 75:3 pp 156-169 |
R&M 75:3 pp 156-169; Meeves, H., et al (1966), Reconnaissance of beryllium-bearing pegmatite deposits in six western states, US Bur. Mines Info. Circ. 8298: 32 (Table A-1).; USGS Prof Paper 297B | |
Dana, E.S. (1892) System of Mineralogy, 6th. Edition, New York: 1088; Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 680. | |
R&M 75:3 pp 156-169; USGS Prof Paper 297A | |
| U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.; USGS Bull 380D; USGS Prof Paper 297F |
| U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. |
| UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah |
| USGS Bulletin 248B (1952) |
| Alexander Falster, William Simmons, Karen Webber (2018) Anatectic origin of the post-Penokean Li-Cs-Ta-enriched pegmatites in Florence County, Wisconsin, USA. in abstracts of the 22nd IMA Meeting Melbourne p 278 |
Alexander Falster, William Simmons, Karen Webber (2018) Anatectic origin of the post-Penokean Li-Cs-Ta-enriched pegmatites in Florence County, Wisconsin, USA. in abstracts of the 22nd IMA Meeting Melbourne p 278 | |
Falster, A. , W.B. Simmons & P.B. Moore (1996) The mineralogy and geochemistry of the Animikie Red Ace pegmatite in Florence County, Wisconsin: Recent Research Developments in Mineralogy: 1: 7-67. | |
Richardson, P., A.U. Falster & W. B. Simmons (1996) A new locality for nigerite in Florence County, Wisconsin: Mineral News: July, 1996, page 4. | |
| Meeves, H., et al (1966), Reconnaissance of beryllium-bearing pegmatite deposits in six western states, US Bur. Mines Info. Circ. 8298: 34 (Table A-1). |
| Ref.:Gemstones and Other Unique Minerals and Rocks Of Wyoming (2000) |
| Rocks & Minerals 76:388; USGS Prof. Paper 227 |
Uzbekistan | |
| Mineraly Uzbekistana(Minerals of the Uzbekistan) - izd."FAN" UzbSSR-vol.1-4 - 1976-1977 |
Zimbabwe | |
| Mineralogical Magazine 1959 32 : 87-89 |
| MUGUMBATE, R. OESTERLEN, P.M., MASIYAMBIRI, S. & DUBE, W. (2001): Industrial Minerals and Rock Deposits of Zimbabwe.- Zimbabwe Geological Survey Mineral Resources Series No. 27., Harare; 159 pages. |
| Ackermann, A. J. L., KJ, B., & KC, H. (1966). The geology of some beryl pegmatites in Southern Rhodesia. South African Journal of Geology, 69(01), 1-38. |
Cairncross, B. (2004) Field Guide To Rocks & Minerals Of Southern Africa: 82. | |
| Ackermann, A. J. L., KJ, B., & KC, H. (1966). The geology of some beryl pegmatites in Southern Rhodesia. South African Journal of Geology, 69(01), 1-38. |
Ackermann, A. J. L., KJ, B., & KC, H. (1966). The geology of some beryl pegmatites in Southern Rhodesia. South African Journal of Geology, 69(01), 1-38. | |
Anonymous (1995). Beryl. Zimbabwe Geological Survey, Mineral Resources Survey No. 6 | |
| Hornung. G. PhD thesis. Pegmatites of th N. Mtoko Region. University of Leeds, Research Institute of African Geology. !961 |
Ackermann, A. J. L., KJ, B., & KC, H. (1966). The geology of some beryl pegmatites in Southern Rhodesia. South African Journal of Geology, 69(01), 1-38. | |
Ackermann, A. J. L., KJ, B., & KC, H. (1966). The geology of some beryl pegmatites in Southern Rhodesia. South African Journal of Geology, 69(01), 1-38. | |
Mineralogical Magazine 1963 33 : 458-466; Ackermann, A. J. L., KJ, B., & KC, H. (1966). The geology of some beryl pegmatites in Southern Rhodesia. South African Journal of Geology, 69(01), 1-38. | |
Ackermann, A. J. L., KJ, B., & KC, H. (1966). The geology of some beryl pegmatites in Southern Rhodesia. South African Journal of Geology, 69(01), 1-38. | |
| Cairncross, B. (2004) Field Guide To Rocks & Minerals Of Southern Africa: 51.; Ackermann, A. J. L., KJ, B., & KC, H. (1966). The geology of some beryl pegmatites in Southern Rhodesia. South African Journal of Geology, 69(01), 1-38. |
| http://geology.csupomona.edu/drjessey/class/GSC433/Pegmatites.htm; Cerny, P., Anderson, A. J., Tomascak, P. B., & Chapman, R. (2003). Geochemical and morphological features of beryl from the Bikita granitic pegmatite, Zimbabwe. The Canadian Mineralogist, 41(4), 1003-1011. |
| Rijks, H. R. P., & Van Der Veen, A. H. (1972). The geology of the tin-bearing pegmatites in the eastern part of the Kamativi district, Rhodesia. Mineralium Deposita, 7(4), 383-395.; Bartholomew, D. S. (1990). Base metal and industrial mineral deposits of Zimbabwe. Zimbabwe Geological Survey, Mineral Resources Survey No. 22 |
| E.Ya. Kievlenko (2003) Geology of gems, p. 89 |
E.Ya. Kievlenko (2003) Geology of gems, p. 89 | |
| HARRISON (N.M.) - The geology of the country around Fort Rixon and Shangani. Rhodesia Geol. Surv., Bull. 61. 1969. 152 p. |
| HARRISON (N.M.) - The geology of the country around Fort Rixon and Shangani. Rhodesia Geol. Surv., Bull. 61. 1969. 152 p. |
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