Studtite
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About Studtite
Formula:
[(UO2)(O2)(H2O)2] · H2O
Colour:
Very pale yellow to yellow
Lustre:
Waxy
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named in honor of Franz Edward Studt (or Stüdt) (30 November 1873, London, England, UK - 3 July 1953, Holborn, England, UK), geologist for Tanganyika Concessions Ltd. He prepared an important geological map of Katanga, published in 1913.
Dinah Pantic writes in http://www.mindat.org/mesg-7-192418.html. "Frank Edward Studt was my grandfather. He was trained as a metallurgist and graduated from Imperial College in London about 1898. He was English and his parents originally from Germany. After graduating he worked in the Belgian Congo for about 20 years for a Belgian company. I have many of his original diaries from this time."
Dinah Pantic writes in http://www.mindat.org/mesg-7-192418.html. "Frank Edward Studt was my grandfather. He was trained as a metallurgist and graduated from Imperial College in London about 1898. He was English and his parents originally from Germany. After graduating he worked in the Belgian Congo for about 20 years for a Belgian company. I have many of his original diaries from this time."
A rare secondary uranium mineral containing a peroxide group in its crystal structure.
May dehydrate to metastudtite.
May dehydrate to metastudtite.
Classification of Studtite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
4/H.01-20
4.GA.15
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
G : Uranyl Hydroxides
A : Without additional cations
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
G : Uranyl Hydroxides
A : Without additional cations
5.3.1.1
5 : OXIDES CONTAINING URANIUM OR THORIUM
3 : AXO4·xH2O
5 : OXIDES CONTAINING URANIUM OR THORIUM
3 : AXO4·xH2O
7.16.6
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
16 : Oxides of U
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
16 : Oxides of U
Physical Properties of Studtite
Optical Data of Studtite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.545 nβ = 1.555 nγ = 1.680
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.135
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Low
Dispersion:
none
Chemical Properties of Studtite
Formula:
[(UO2)(O2)(H2O)2] · H2O
IMA Formula:
(UO2)(O2)(H2O)2 · 2H2O
Idealised Formula:
UO4 · 4H2O
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Studtite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Cell Parameters:
a = 11.85 Å, b = 6.78 Å, c = 4.24 Å
β = 93.62°
β = 93.62°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.748 : 1 : 0.625
Unit Cell V:
339.97 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:
Crusts and radial aggregates of flexible, fibrous crystals.
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0003153 | Studtite | Burns P C, Hughes K-A (2003) Studtite, [(UO2)(O2)(H2O)2](H2O)2: The first structure of a peroxide mineral American Mineralogist 88 1165-1168 |  | 2003 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 5.93 Å | (10) |
| 4.27 Å | (4) |
| 3.40 Å | (8) |
| 2.96 Å | (6) |
| 2.23 Å | (6) |
| 2.02 Å | (5) |
| 1.970 Å | (5b) |
Type Occurrence of Studtite
Other Language Names for Studtite
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 9 photos of Studtite associated with Uranophane | Ca(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 · 5H2O |
| 7 photos of Studtite associated with Fourmarierite | Pb(UO2)4O3(OH)4 · 4H2O |
| 7 photos of Studtite associated with Uraninite | UO2 |
| 6 photos of Studtite associated with Phosphuranylite | KCa(H3O)3(UO2)7(PO4)4O4 · 8H2O |
| 4 photos of Studtite associated with Becquerelite | Ca(UO2)6O4(OH)6 · 8H2O |
| 4 photos of Studtite associated with Lepersonnite-(Gd) | Ca(Gd,Dy)2(UO2)24(SiO4)4(CO3)8(OH)24 · 48H2O |
| 3 photos of Studtite associated with Baryte | BaSO4 |
| 3 photos of Studtite associated with Rutherfordine | (UO2)CO3 |
| 2 photos of Studtite associated with Uranophane-β | Ca(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 · 5H2O |
| 2 photos of Studtite associated with Curite | Pb3(H2O)2[(UO2)4O4(OH)3]2 |
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping
| 4.GA.05 | Metaschoepite | (UO2)8O2(OH)12 · 10H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcn |
| 4.GA.05 | Paraschoepite | UO3 · 2H2O | Orth. |
| 4.GA.05 | Schoepite | (UO2)8O2(OH)12 · 12H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbca |
| 4.GA.10 | Ianthinite | U4+(UO2)5O7 · 10H2O | Orth. mm2 : Amm2 |
| 4.GA.15 | Metastudtite | UO4 · 2H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma |
| 4.GA.20 | Paulscherrerite | UO2(OH)2 | Mon. |
Related Minerals - Dana Grouping (8th Ed.)
| 5.3.1.2 | Metastudtite | UO4 · 2H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma |
Related Minerals - Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals Grouping
| 7.16.1 | Uraninite | UO2 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m |
| 7.16.2 | Schoepite | (UO2)8O2(OH)12 · 12H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbca |
| 7.16.3 | Paraschoepite | UO3 · 2H2O | Orth. |
| 7.16.4 | Metaschoepite | (UO2)8O2(OH)12 · 10H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcn |
| 7.16.5 | Metastudtite | UO4 · 2H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma |
| 7.16.7 | Ianthinite | U4+(UO2)5O7 · 10H2O | Orth. mm2 : Amm2 |
| 7.16.8 | Compreignacite | K2(UO2)6O4(OH)6 · 7H2O | Orth. |
| 7.16.9 | Vandenbrandeite | Cu(UO2)(OH)4 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| 7.16.10 | Roubaultite | Cu2(UO2)3(CO3)2O2(OH)2 · 4H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| 7.16.11 | Becquerelite | Ca(UO2)6O4(OH)6 · 8H2O | Orth. mm2 : Pna21 |
| 7.16.12 | Rameauite | K2Ca(UO2)6O6(OH)4 · 6H2O | Mon. m : Bb |
| 7.16.13 | Agrinierite | K2(Ca,Sr)[(UO2)3O3(OH)2]2 · 5H2O | Orth. |
| 7.16.14 | Protasite | Ba(UO2)3O3(OH)2 · 3H2O | Mon. |
| 7.16.15 | Billietite | Ba(UO2)6O4(OH)6 · 4-8H2O | Orth. mm2 |
| 7.16.16 | Bauranoite | Ba(UO2)2(OH)6 · 1-2H2O | |
| 7.16.17 | Metacalciouranoite | (Ca,Ba,Pb,K2)U2O7 · 2H2O | |
| 7.16.18 | Calciouranoite | (Ca,Ba,Pb)U2O7 · 5H2O | |
| 7.16.19 | Orthobrannerite | U4+U6+Ti4O12(OH)2 | Orth. |
| 7.16.20 | Thorutite | (Th,U,Ca)Ti2(O,OH)6 | Mon. |
| 7.16.21 | Davidite-(La) | La(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH,F)38 | Trig. |
| 7.16.22 | Davidite-(Ce) | Ce(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH,F)38 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
| 7.16.23 | Brannerite | UTi2O6 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 7.16.24 | Fourmarierite | Pb(UO2)4O3(OH)4 · 4H2O | Orth. |
| 7.16.25 | Richetite | (Fe3+,Mg)Pb 8.6(UO2)36O36(OH)24 · 41H2O | Tric. |
| 7.16.26 | Curite | Pb3(H2O)2[(UO2)4O4(OH)3]2 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma |
| 7.16.27 | Masuyite | Pb(UO2)3O3(OH)2 · 3H2O | Orth. |
| 7.16.28 | Vandendriesscheite | PbU7O22 · 12H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbca |
| 7.16.29 | Metavandendriesscheite | PbU7O22 · nH2O n < 12 | Orth. |
| 7.16.30 | Sayrite | Pb2(UO2)5O6(OH)2 · 4H2O | Mon. 2/m |
| 7.16.31 | Wölsendorfite | Pb7(UO2)14O19(OH)4 · 12H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmcm |
| 7.16.32 | Clarkeite | (Na,Ca,Pb)(UO2)O(OH) · 0-1H2O | Trig. |
| 7.16.33 | Uranosphaerite | Bi(UO2)O2(OH) | Mon. 2/m |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
References for Studtite
Reference List:
Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)
Vaes (1947) Bulletin société belge de Géologie, de paleontology et d’hydrologie, Brussels: 70: B 212.
Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Etc. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 275.
Walenta, K. (1974): On studtite and its composition. Amer. Mineral., 59, 166–171.
American Mineralogist (1974): 59: 166-171.
Čejka, J., Sejkora, J. and Deliens, M. (1996): New data on studtite, UO4•4H2O, from Shinkolobwe, Shaba, Zaire. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte (1996): 125-134.
Burns, P.C. and Hughes, K.-A. (2003) Studtite, [(UO2)(O2)(H2O)2]H2O: the first structure of a peroxide mineral. American Mineralogist: 88: 1165-1168.
Burns, P.C. (2005) U 6+ minerals and inorganic compounds: insights into an expanded structural hierarchy of crystal structures. Canadian Mineralogist: 43: 1839-1894.
Internet Links for Studtite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3815.html
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Localities for Studtite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Austria | |
| Paar, W. & Ruscha, S. (1978): Karinthin 78, 23-29. |
| A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs, 1989 | |
Brazil | |
| Tony Nikischer |
China | |
| Aizhen Wang (1992): Acta Mineralogica Sinica 12(1), 78-82 |
| Anthony, J.W. et al.: Handbook of Mineralogy |
| Chen Zhangru, Huang Yuzhu, and Gu Xiaofa (1990): A new uranium mineral - Yingjiangite. Acta Mineralogica Sinica 10(2), 102-105. |
Czech Republic | |
| Plášil J., Sejkora J., Čejka J., Škácha P., Goliáš V., Pavlíček R., Hofman P. (2008): Supergenní mineralizace z haldy šachty č. 16 Příbram - Háje. - Bull. mineral.-petrolog. Odd. Nár. Muz. (Praha) 16/1, 43-55. ISSN: 1211-0329 |
| Plášil J., Sejkora J., Čejka J., Škácha P., Goliáš V., Pavlíček R., Hofman P. (2008): Supergenní mineralizace z haldy šachty č. 16 Příbram - Háje. - Bull. mineral.-petrolog. Odd. Nár. Muz. (Praha) 16/1, 43-55. ISSN: 1211-0329. | |
| Pauliš P., Kopecký S., Černý P. 2007: Uranové minerály České Republiky a jejich naleziště. 1. část. (Kutna Hora, issue 1) |
| Collected by Jan Hloušek, identified by J. Plasil; publication in due |
| Pauliš, P., Novák, F., Ševců, J.: Sekundární minerály z uranového ložiska Jelení vrch u Horních Hoštic v Rychlebských horách. Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae geologicae, 2004, roč. 89, s. 121 - 138. |
DR Congo (TL) | |
| Walenta, Kurt (1974) On studtite and its composition. American Mineralogist, 59(1-2), 166-171.; Čejka, J., Sejkora, J., Deliens, M. (1996) New data on studtite, UO4•4H2O, from Shinkolobwe, Shaba, Zaire. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte 1996, 125-134.; Deliens, M. (1996) Overzicht van de mineralogie van de koper-, kobalt- en uraniumvoorkomens in Zuid-Shaba (Zaïre). Pages 35-49 in: Schatten der Aarde. Van mineraal tot juweel. Tentoonstelling in de abdij Saint-Gérard de Brogne van 27 april tot 27 oktober 1996. Catalogus opgemaakt onder de leiding van R. Warin, AGAB en P. Van hee, MKA (in Dutch). |
| Deliens, Michel (1992): Occurrence de roubaultite à Kamoto (Shaba, Zaïre). Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique. Sciences de la Terre. 58, 295-296. |
| Wilson, W. E. (2018) The Musonoi mine, Kolwezi District, Lualaba Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Mineralogical Record 49:236-304 |
| Fleischer M, Cabri L J, Chao G Y, Mandarino J A, Pabst A (1982) New mineral names, American Mineralogist 67, 1074-1082 |
France | |
| |
| Le Règne Minéral, Hors Série IV, 1998 & Le Cahier des micromonteurs, 2002, N°75, pp 8-25 |
| Le Cahier des micromonteurs, 2002, N°75, pp 8-25 |
| Le Cahier des micromonteurs, 2002, N°75, pp 8-25 |
| Lackner, E. & Desor, J. (11/2020) SEM-EDS & Raman spectroscopy |
| Caubel, A. (1997) Minéralogie du gisement d'uranium de Rabejac (Hérault). Le Règne Minéral: 13: 5-18. |
Germany | |
| Walenta, K. (1992): Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes. Chr. Weise Verlag, München, 336 pp. (in German); WALENTA, K. (1995): Neue Mineralfunde von der Grube Clara. 6. Folge, 1. Teil. - Lapis 20 (5), 33-38. |
| Markl, G. & Slotta, C. (2011): Die Uranmineralien des Lagerstättenreviers Wittichen im mittleren Schwarzwald. Lapis 36 (3), 25-37; 54 (in German). |
| No reference listed |
| Collection Elmar Lackner. Analytical work by Joy Desor in 2017 |
| Stolze, S., Desor, J. & Möhn, G. (10/2020) SEM-EDS & Raman spectroscopy |
Italy | |
| Borrelli, A., Callegari, A.M., Bolocchi, M., Ciriotti, M.E. (2013): Studtite: primo ritrovamento italiano. Micro, 2/2013, 88-92 |
Norway | |
| Kristiansen, R. (1990): Nye sekundære uranmineraler fra Bjertnes, Krødsherad. STEIN 17(1), 25-28 |
| Husdal, T. (2019) Nyfunn av mineraler fra Tysfjord-pegmatittene, Nordland. Norsk Mineralsymposium 2019: 31-46 |
Switzerland | |
| - Meisser, N. (2012): La minéralogie de l'uranium dans le massif des Aiguilles Rouges. Matér. Géol. Suisse, Sér. géotech. 96, 183 p. |
Ukraine | |
| Burakov, B.E., Strykanova, E.E., Anderson, E.B. (): Secondary Uranium Minerals on the Surface of Chernobyl “Lava”. MRS Proceedings: 465; : http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/PROC-465-1309 |
Clara Mine, Oberwolfach, Wolfach, Ortenaukreis, Freiburg Region, Baden-Württemberg, Germany