Sturmanite
A valid IMA mineral species
This page is currently not sponsored. Click here to sponsor this page.
About Sturmanite
Formula:
Ca6Fe3+2(SO4)2.5[B(OH)4](OH)12 · 25H2O
Fe(III) may be replaced by Al and Mn(III).
Colour:
Bright yellow to amber
Lustre:
Vitreous, Greasy
Hardness:
2½
Specific Gravity:
1.847
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Member of:
Name:
Named in 1983 by Donald R. Peacor, Pete J. Dunn, and Marjorie Duggan in honor of Bozidar Darko Sturman (7 October 1937 – 27 March 2019), Croatian-Canadian mineralogist and former Associate Curator of Mineralogy, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Ontario, for his contributions to systematic mineralogy, in particular his studies of phosphate minerals from the Yukon and his refinement of methods used in optical mineralogy.
Ettringite Group.
A possible Mn4+ analogue is here coded as Unnamed (possible Mn(IV) analogue of sturmanite).
A possible Mn4+ analogue is here coded as Unnamed (possible Mn(IV) analogue of sturmanite).
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
3817
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3817:7
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
8cac7531-0069-4294-99cb-73874d9cda25
IMA Classification of Sturmanite
Approved
Approval year:
1981
First published:
1983
Classification of Sturmanite
7.DG.15
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
D : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, with H2O
G : With large and medium-sized cations; with NO3, CO3, B(OH)4, SiO4 or IO3
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
D : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, with H2O
G : With large and medium-sized cations; with NO3, CO3, B(OH)4, SiO4 or IO3
32.4.4.2
32 : COMPOUND SULFATES
4 : Hydrated Compound Sulfates containing Hydroxyl or Halogen
32 : COMPOUND SULFATES
4 : Hydrated Compound Sulfates containing Hydroxyl or Halogen
25.11.23
25 : Sulphates
11 : Sulphates of Fe and other metals
25 : Sulphates
11 : Sulphates of Fe and other metals
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Strm | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Sturmanite
Vitreous, Greasy
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Comment:
Greasy on fracture surfaces
Colour:
Bright yellow to amber
Streak:
Pale yellow, greenish yellow, brownish orange (altered)
Hardness:
2½ on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Very brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
{1010}
{1010}
Density:
1.847 g/cm3 (Measured) 1.855 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Comment:
Measured with heavy liquids and pycnometer.
Optical Data of Sturmanite
Type:
Uniaxial (+/-)
RI values:
nω = 1.499 - 1.500 nε = 1.497 - 1.505
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.002
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Low
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
O= pale green
E= pale yellowish green
E= pale yellowish green
Chemistry of Sturmanite
Mindat Formula:
Ca6Fe3+2(SO4)2.5[B(OH)4](OH)12 · 25H2O
Fe(III) may be replaced by Al and Mn(III).
Fe(III) may be replaced by Al and Mn(III).
Crystallography of Sturmanite
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Class (H-M):
3m - Ditrigonal Pyramidal
Space Group:
P3 1c
Cell Parameters:
a = 11.16(3) Å, c = 21.79(9) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 1.953
Unit Cell V:
2,350.26 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Dipyramidal tabular to elongated hexagonal crystals. Forms include {10.4} modified by {11.4}. Exhibits parallel growth, stacked parallel to {0001}.
Twinning:
Probably
Comment:
Pushcharovsky et al. (2004) give: a 11.188(9), c 21.91(7) Å, V 2375.1(5) Å3.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
9.67 Å | (100) |
5.58 Å | (70) |
3.89 Å | (70) |
2.582 Å | (60) |
2.774 Å | (50) |
2.215 Å | (50) |
2.161 Å | (40) |
Comments:
Kuruman district, South Africa. Data from the type description.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
Stage 3b: Earth’s earliest hydrosphere | >4.45 |
13 : Hadean serpentinization | |
High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism | |
32 : Ba/Mn/Pb/Zn deposits, including metamorphic deposits | |
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
47b : [Sulfates and sulfites] | |
47c : [Carbonates, phosphates, borates, nitrates] | |
47d : [Arsenates, antimonates, selenates, bismuthinates] |
Geological Setting:
Secondary mineral in cavities in metamorphosed manganese deposits.
Type Occurrence of Sturmanite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Flattened hexagonal dipyramidal crystals.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian), Washington, D.C., USA, 148261.
Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Metamorphosed bedded manganese deposit.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Peacor, D.R., Dunn, P.J., Duggan, M. (1983) Sturmanite, a ferric iron, boron analogue of ettringite. The Canadian Mineralogist: 21: 705-709.
Synonyms of Sturmanite
Other Language Names for Sturmanite
Relationship of Sturmanite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Bentorite | Ca6Cr2(SO4)3(OH)12 · 26H2O | Trig. 3m : P3 1c |
Buryatite | Ca3(Si,Fe3+,Al)(SO4)B(OH)4(OH,O)6 · 12H2O | Trig. 3m : P3 1c |
Carraraite | Ca3(SO4)[Ge(OH)6](CO3) · 12H2O | Hex. |
Charlesite | Ca6(Al,Si)2(SO4)2[B(OH)4](OH,O)12 · 26H2O | Trig. 3m : P3 1c |
Chiyokoite | Ca3Si(CO3)[B(OH)4]O (OH)5 · 12H2O | Hex. 6 : P63 |
Ettringite | Ca6Al2(SO4)3(OH)12 · 26H2O | Trig. 3m : P3 1c |
Hielscherite | Ca3Si(SO4)(SO3)(OH)6 · 11H2O | Hex. 6 : P63 |
Imayoshiite | Ca3Al(CO3)[B(OH)4](OH)6 · 12H2O | Hex. 6 : P63 |
Jouravskite | Ca3Mn4+(SO4)(CO3)(OH)6 · 12H2O | Hex. 6 : P63 |
Kottenheimite | Ca 3Si(SO4)2(OH)6 · 12H2O | Hex. 6/m : P63/m |
Micheelsenite | (Ca2Y)Al(PO3OH)(CO3)(OH)6 · 12H2O | Hex. 6 : P63 |
Siwaqaite | Ca6Al2(CrO4)3(OH)12 · 26H2O | Trig. 3m : P3 1c |
Tatarinovite | Ca3Al(SO4)[B(OH)4](OH)6 · 12H2O | Hex. 6 : P63 |
Thaumasite | Ca3(SO4)[Si(OH)6](CO3) · 12H2O | Hex. 6 : P63 |
UM2008-07-CO:AlBCaHSSi | Ca6(Al,Si)2(CO3,SO4)2[B(OH)4](OH,O)12 · 26H2O | |
Unnamed (possible Mn(IV) analogue of Sturmanite) | Ca6Mn4+2(SO4)2[B(OH)4](OH)10O2 · nH2O |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
41 photos of Sturmanite associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
28 photos of Sturmanite associated with Manganite | Mn3+O(OH) |
27 photos of Sturmanite associated with Ettringite | Ca6Al2(SO4)3(OH)12 · 26H2O |
19 photos of Sturmanite associated with Brucite | Mg(OH)2 |
11 photos of Sturmanite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
9 photos of Sturmanite associated with Hematite | Fe2O3 |
8 photos of Sturmanite associated with Gaudefroyite | Ca4Mn3+2-3(BO3)3(CO3)(O,OH)3 |
7 photos of Sturmanite associated with Charlesite | Ca6(Al,Si)2(SO4)2[B(OH)4](OH,O)12 · 26H2O |
7 photos of Sturmanite associated with Andradite | Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3 |
6 photos of Sturmanite associated with Hausmannite | Mn2+Mn3+2O4 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
7.DG. | Mathesiusite | K5(UO2)4(SO4)4(VO5) · 4H2O |
7.DG.05 | Darapskite | Na3(SO4)(NO3) · H2O |
7.DG.10 | Clinoungemachite | (Na, K, Fe, SO4) |
7.DG.10 | Humberstonite | Na7K3Mg2(SO4)6(NO3)2 · 6H2O |
7.DG.10 | Ungemachite | K3Na8Fe(SO4)6(NO3)2 · 6H2O |
7.DG.15 | Bentorite | Ca6Cr2(SO4)3(OH)12 · 26H2O |
7.DG.15 | Charlesite | Ca6(Al,Si)2(SO4)2[B(OH)4](OH,O)12 · 26H2O |
7.DG.15 | Ettringite | Ca6Al2(SO4)3(OH)12 · 26H2O |
7.DG.15 | Jouravskite | Ca3Mn4+(SO4)(CO3)(OH)6 · 12H2O |
7.DG.15 | Thaumasite | Ca3(SO4)[Si(OH)6](CO3) · 12H2O |
7.DG.15 | Carraraite | Ca3(SO4)[Ge(OH)6](CO3) · 12H2O |
7.DG.15 | Buryatite | Ca3(Si,Fe3+,Al)(SO4)B(OH)4(OH,O)6 · 12H2O |
7.DG.15 | Birunite | Ca18(SiO3)8.5(CO3)8.5SO4 · 15H2O(?) |
7.DG.15 | Hielscherite | Ca3Si(SO4)(SO3)(OH)6 · 11H2O |
7.DG.15 | Kottenheimite | Ca 3Si(SO4)2(OH)6 · 12H2O |
7.DG.15 | Imayoshiite | Ca3Al(CO3)[B(OH)4](OH)6 · 12H2O |
7.DG.15 | Tatarinovite | Ca3Al(SO4)[B(OH)4](OH)6 · 12H2O |
7.DG.15 | Siwaqaite | Ca6Al2(CrO4)3(OH)12 · 26H2O |
7.DG.15 | Chiyokoite | Ca3Si(CO3)[B(OH)4]O (OH)5 · 12H2O |
7.DG.20 | Rapidcreekite | Ca2(SO4)(CO3) · 4H2O |
7.DG.25 | Tatarskite | Ca6Mg2(SO4)2(CO3)2(OH)4Cl4 · 7H2O |
7.DG.30 | Nakauriite | Cu8(SO4)4(CO3)(OH)6 · 48H2O |
7.DG.35 | Chessexite | (Na,K)4Ca2(Mg,Zn)3Al8(SO4)10(SiO4)2 · 40H2O |
7.DG.40 | Carlosruizite | K6(Na,K)4Na6Mg10(SeO4)12(IO3)12 · 12H2O |
7.DG.40 | Fuenzalidaite | K6(Na,K)4Na6Mg10(SO4)12(IO3)12 · 12H2O |
7.DG.45 | Chelyabinskite | (Ca,Mg)3(SO4,CO3)2[Si(OH)6] · 9H2O (?) |
7.DG.55 | Ramazzoite | [Mg8Cu12(PO4)(CO3)4(OH)24(H2O)20][(H0.33SO4)3(H2O)36] |
7.DG.60 | Witzkeite | Na4K4Ca(NO3)2(SO4)4 · 2H2O |
Fluorescence of Sturmanite
Does not fluoresce
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Sturmanite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3817.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Sturmanite
Reference List:
Peacor, D. R., Dunn, P. J., Duggan, M. (1983) Sturmanite, a ferric iron, boron analogue of ettringite. The Canadian Mineralogist, 21 (4) 705-709
Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, Linden .pages 60-66 and 244-245
Pushcharovsky, D. Yu., Lebedeva, Y. S., Zubkova, N. V., Pasero, M., Bellezza, M., Merlino, S., Chukanov, N. V. (2004) The crystal structure of sturmanite. The Canadian Mineralogist, 42 (3) 723-729 doi:10.2113/gscanmin.42.3.723
Localities for Sturmanite
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Russia | |
| A. E. Zadov data |
South Africa (TL) | |
| Peacor et al. (1983) +3 other references |
| |
Lapis: 11 (10) +2 other references | |
King (n.d.) | |
Von Bezing (1991) | |
Frost et al. (2014) |
Quick NavTopAbout SturmaniteUnique IdentifiersIMA Classification Classification Mineral SymbolsPhysical Properties Optical Data Chemistry Crystallography X-Ray Powder DiffractionGeological EnvironmentType Occurrence SynonymsOther LanguagesRelationshipsCommon AssociatesStrunz-MindatFluorescence Other InformationInternet Links References Localities Locality List
N'Chwaning III Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Joe Morolong Local Municipality, John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa