Tephroite
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About Tephroite
Formula:
Mn2+2SiO4
Colour:
Grey, olive-green, flesh red or reddish-brown, dark brown.
Lustre:
Vitreous, Greasy
Hardness:
6
Specific Gravity:
3.87 - 4.12
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Member of:
Name:
Named in 1823 by Johann Friedrich August Breithaupt from Greek τεφροζ "tephros" = ash-colored, alluding to the usual gray color of the mineral.
Olivine Group. Fayalite-Tephroite Series, and the Forsterite-Tephroite Series. The Mn2+ analogue of Fayalite, Forsterite, and Calcio-Olivine.
Classification of Tephroite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
8/A.04-30
9.AC.05
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
A : Nesosilicates
C : Nesosilicates without additional anions; cations in octahedral [6] coordination
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
A : Nesosilicates
C : Nesosilicates without additional anions; cations in octahedral [6] coordination
Dana 7th ed.:
51.3.1.4
51.3.1.4
51 : NESOSILICATES Insular SiO4 Groups Only
3 : Insular SiO4 Groups Only with all cations in octahedral [6] coordination
51 : NESOSILICATES Insular SiO4 Groups Only
3 : Insular SiO4 Groups Only with all cations in octahedral [6] coordination
14.17.2
14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
17 : Silicates of Mn
14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
17 : Silicates of Mn
Physical Properties of Tephroite
Vitreous, Greasy
Transparency:
Translucent
Colour:
Grey, olive-green, flesh red or reddish-brown, dark brown.
Streak:
Pale gray
Hardness:
6 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
Distinct on {010}
Imperfect on {001}
Distinct on {010}
Imperfect on {001}
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven, Conchoidal
Density:
3.87 - 4.12 g/cm3 (Measured) 4.15 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Tephroite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.759 nβ = 1.797 nγ = 1.860
2V:
Measured: 60° to 70°, Calculated: 78°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.101

Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Very High
Dispersion:
r > v
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
X= brownish red
Y= reddish
Z= greenish blue
Y= reddish
Z= greenish blue
Chemical Properties of Tephroite
Formula:
Mn2+2SiO4
IMA Formula:
Mn2+2(SiO4)
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
Fe,Zn,Ca,Mg
Crystallography of Tephroite
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Cell Parameters:
a = 4.88(2) Å, b = 10.61(2) Å, c = 6.24(2) Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.46 : 1 : 0.588
Unit Cell V:
323.09 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Short prismatic
Twinning:
Uncommon {011}
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0000802 | Tephroite | Francis C A, Ribbe P H (1980) The forsterite-tephroite series: I. Crystal structure refinements American Mineralogist 65 1263-1269 | ![]() | 1980 | Madagascar | 0 | 293 |
0019695 | Tephroite | Fujino K, Sasaki S, Takeuchi Y, Sadanaga R (1981) X-ray determination of electron distributions in forsterite, fayalite and tephroite Acta Crystallographica B37 513-518 | ![]() | 1981 | synthetic | 0 | 293 |
0019687 | Tephroite | Yamazaki S, Toraya H (1999) Rietveld refinement of site-occupancy parameters of Mg2-xMnxSiO4 using a new weight function in least-squares fitting Journal of Applied Crystallography 32 51-59 | 1999 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
0019689 | Tephroite | Yamazaki S, Toraya H (1999) Rietveld refinement of site-occupancy parameters of Mg2-xMnxSiO4 using a new weight function in least-squares fitting Journal of Applied Crystallography 32 51-59 | 1999 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
0019690 | Tephroite | Yamazaki S, Toraya H (1999) Rietveld refinement of site-occupancy parameters of Mg2-xMnxSiO4 using a new weight function in least-squares fitting Journal of Applied Crystallography 32 51-59 | 1999 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
0019691 | Tephroite | Yamazaki S, Toraya H (1999) Rietveld refinement of site-occupancy parameters of Mg2-xMnxSiO4 using a new weight function in least-squares fitting Journal of Applied Crystallography 32 51-59 | 1999 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
0019692 | Tephroite | Yamazaki S, Toraya H (1999) Rietveld refinement of site-occupancy parameters of Mg2-xMnxSiO4 using a new weight function in least-squares fitting Journal of Applied Crystallography 32 51-59 | 1999 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
0019693 | Tephroite | Yamazaki S, Toraya H (1999) Rietveld refinement of site-occupancy parameters of Mg2-xMnxSiO4 using a new weight function in least-squares fitting Journal of Applied Crystallography 32 51-59 | 1999 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
0019696 | Tephroite | Redfern S A T, Knight K S, Henderson C M B, Wood B J (1998) Fe-Mn cation ordering in fayalite-tephroite (FexMn1-x)2SiO4 olivines: A neutron diffraction study Mineralogical Magazine 62 607-615 | ![]() | 1998 | synthetic | 0 | 293 |
0019697 | Tephroite | Redfern S A T, Knight K S, Henderson C M B, Wood B J (1998) Fe-Mn cation ordering in fayalite-tephroite (FexMn1-x)2SiO4 olivines: A neutron diffraction study Mineralogical Magazine 62 607-615 | ![]() | 1998 | synthetic | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
5.22 Å | (5) |
3.99 Å | (15) |
3.80 Å | (5) |
3.57 Å | (80) |
3.09 Å | (20) |
2.84 Å | (90) |
2.67 Å | (5) |
2.58 Å | (100) |
2.53 Å | (90) |
2.41 Å | (15) |
2.33 Å | (15) |
2.31 Å | (15) |
2.17 Å | (5) |
2.09 Å | (5) |
1.94 Å | (5) |
1.87 Å | (5) |
1.84 Å | (5) |
1.79 Å | (80) |
1.72 Å | (10) |
1.69 Å | (10) |
1.67 Å | (15) |
1.64 Å | (5) |
1.63 Å | (5) |
1.60 Å | (5) |
1.55 Å | (50) |
1.53 Å | (50) |
1.47 Å | (5) |
1.44 Å | (5) |
1.43 Å | (5) |
1.41 Å | (5) |
1.38 Å | (15) |
Comments:
ICDD 31-823 magnesian tephroite, ICDD 35-748 tephroite (synthetic)
Geological Environment
Geological Setting:
In Fe-Mn ore deposits, skarns, and metamorphosed manganese rich sediments.
Type Occurrence of Tephroite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Unknown
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Unknown
Synonyms of Tephroite
Other Language Names for Tephroite
Varieties of Tephroite
Relationship of Tephroite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Calcio-olivine | Ca2SiO4 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
Fayalite | Fe2+2SiO4 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
Forsterite | Mg2SiO4 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
Glaucochroite | CaMn2+SiO4 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
Kirschsteinite | CaFe2+SiO4 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma |
Laihunite | (Fe2+0.5◻0.5)Fe3+[SiO4] | Mon. |
Larnite | Ca2SiO4 | Mon. 2/m |
Liebenbergite | Ni2SiO4 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
Monticellite | CaMgSiO4 | Orth. |
Roepperite (of Brush) | (Fe2+2,Mn,Zn)SiO4 |
Forms a series with:
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
69 photos of Tephroite associated with Willemite | Zn2SiO4 |
31 photos of Tephroite associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
31 photos of Tephroite associated with Franklinite | Zn2+Fe3+2O4 |
24 photos of Tephroite associated with Zincite | ZnO |
11 photos of Tephroite associated with Spessartine | Mn2+3Al2(SiO4)3 |
11 photos of Tephroite associated with Rhodonite | CaMn3Mn[Si5O15] |
11 photos of Tephroite associated with Andradite | Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3 |
10 photos of Tephroite associated with Rhodochrosite | MnCO3 |
9 photos of Tephroite associated with Baryte | BaSO4 |
9 photos of Tephroite associated with Caryopilite | Mn2+3Si2O5(OH)4 |
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping
9.AC. | Ahrensite | SiFe2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) |
9.AC.05 | Fayalite | Fe2+2SiO4 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
9.AC.05 | Forsterite | Mg2SiO4 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
9.AC.05 | Glaucochroite | CaMn2+SiO4 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
9.AC.05 | Kirschsteinite | CaFe2+SiO4 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma |
9.AC.05 | Laihunite | (Fe2+0.5◻0.5)Fe3+[SiO4] | Mon. |
9.AC.05 | Liebenbergite | Ni2SiO4 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
9.AC.10 | Monticellite | CaMgSiO4 | Orth. |
9.AC.15 | Brunogeierite | Ge4+Fe2+2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
9.AC.15 | Ringwoodite | (Mg,Fe2+)2SiO4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
9.AC.20 | Chesnokovite | Na2[SiO2(OH)2] · 8H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Ibca |
Related Minerals - Dana Grouping (8th Ed.)
51.3.1.1 | Fayalite | Fe2+2SiO4 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
51.3.1.2 | Forsterite | Mg2SiO4 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
51.3.1.3 | Liebenbergite | Ni2SiO4 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
51.3.1.5 | Laihunite | (Fe2+0.5◻0.5)Fe3+[SiO4] | Mon. |
Related Minerals - Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals Grouping
14.17.1 | Rhodonite | CaMn3Mn[Si5O15] | Tric. 1 |
14.17.3 | Braunite | Mn2+Mn3+6(SiO4)O8 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I41/acd |
14.17.4 | Alleghanyite | Mn2+5(SiO4)2(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
14.17.5 | Ribbeite | Mn2+5(SiO4)2(OH)2 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
14.17.6 | Leucophoenicite | Mn2+7(SiO4)3(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
14.17.7 | Jerrygibbsite | Mn2+9(SiO4)4(OH)2 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcn |
14.17.8 | Bementite | Mn7Si6O15(OH)8 | Mon. |
14.17.9 | Parsettensite | (K,Na,Ca)7.5(Mn,Mg)49Si72O168(OH)50 · nH2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
14.17.10 | Yofortierite | Mn5Si8O20(OH)2 · 8-9H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Tephroite in petrology
An essential component of rock names highlighted in red, an accessory component in rock names highlighted in green.
References for Tephroite
Reference List:
Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)
Breithaupt, A. (1823) Vollständige Charakteristik des Mineral-Systems.- Dresden, 2nd. ed., p. 278.
Rammelsberg, C.F. (1843) Analysis of tephroite: Handbuch der Mineral-Chemie, 1st ed., 1st suppl., p.80.
Peters, T., Schwander, H., Trommsdorff, V. (1973) Assemblages among tephroite, pyroxmangite, rhodochrosite, quartz: Experimental data and occurrences in the Rhetic Alps. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology: 42: 325-332.
Takei, H. (1976) Czochralski growth of Mn2SiO4 (tephroite) single crystal and its properties. Journal of Crystal Growth: 34: 125-131.
Stidham, H.D., Bates, J.B., Finch, C.B. (1976) Vibrational spectra of synthetic single crystal tephroite, Mn2SiO4. Journal of physical chemistry: 80: 1226–1234.
Francis, C.,A., Ribbe, P.H. (1980) The forsterite-tephroite series: I. crystal structure refinements. American Mineralogist: 65: 1263-1269.
Fujino, K., Sasaki, S., Takéuchi, Y., Sadanaga, R. (1981) X-ray determination of electron distributions in forsterite, fayalite and tephroite. Acta Crystallographica: B37: 513-518.
Urusov, V.S., Lapina, I.V., Kravchuk, I.F., Kabalov, Y.K. (1984) Isomorphism in the forsterite-tephroite series. Geokhimiya: 7: 1047-1055 (in Russian).
Francis, C.A. (1985) New data on the forsterite-tephroite series. American Mineralogist: 70: 568-575.
Urusov, V.S., Lapina, I.V., Kabalov, Y.K., Kravchuk, I.F. (1985) Isomorphism in the forsterite-tephroite series. Geochemistry International: 22: 80-88.
Shannon, R.D., Subramanian, M.A., Hosoya, S., Rossman, G.R. (1991) Dielectric Constants of Tephroite, Fayalite and Olivine and the Oxide Additivity Rule. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals: 18: 1-6.
Redfern, S.A.T., Knight, K.S., Henderson, C.M.B., Wood, B.J. (1998) Fe-Mn cation ordering in fayalite-tephroite (FexMn1-X)2SiO4 olivines: a neutron diffraction study. Mineralogical Magazine: 62: 607-615.
Stüber, C., Laqua, W. (1998) Point Defects of Tephroite. I: The Electrical Conductivity of Mn2SiO4. Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie: 296: 197–218.
Mouri, T., Enami, M. (2008) Raman spectroscopic study of olivine-group minerals. Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences: 103: 100-104.
Lin, C.-C., Chen, C.-C. (2011) Elasticity of tephroite (α-Mn2SiO4) and a comparison of the elastic properties of silicate olivines. European Journal of Mineralogy: 23: 35-43.
Internet Links for Tephroite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3913.html
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Localities for Tephroite
Locality List




All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Antarctica | |
| AmMin 44:439 |
Australia | |
| Brown, R.E., Brownlow, J.W., Krynen, J.P. (1992) Metallogenic Study and Mineral Deposit Data Sheets, Manilla-Narrabri 1:250 000 Metallogenic Map SH/56-9, SH/55-12. Geological Survey of New South Wales, Sydney, 319 pages. |
Field observation M Goodwin 1998.; Kawachi, Y., Ashley, P.M., Vince, D., Goodwin, M. (1994) Sugilite in manganese silicate rocks from the Hoskins mine and Woods mine, New South Wales, Australia. Mineralogical Magazine: 58: 671-677. Bottrill, R.S. (2021) Mineralogical analyses, Tamworth, Australia. Unpublished Mineral Resources Tasmania Laboratory Report LJN2020-029 | |
| Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, Volume 33, Issue 4 December 1986 , pages 443 - 456 ; Huebner, J. Stephen; Flohr, Marta J. (1990) Microbanded manganese formations; protoliths in the Franciscan Complex, California; USGS Professional Paper 1502.; Ashley, P. M. (1986). An unusual manganese silicate occurrence at the Hoskins mine, Grenfell district, New South Wales. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 33(4), 443-456.; Oberti, R., Boiocchi, M., Hawthorne, F. C., Ball, N. A., & Ashley, P. M. (2016). PREPUBLICATION: Oxo-mangani-leakeite from the Hoskins mine, New South Wales, Australia: occurrence and mineral description. Mineralogical Magazine. |
| Brown, R.E., Brownlow, J.W., Krynen, J.P. (1992) Metallogenic Study and Mineral Deposit Data Sheets, Manilla-Narrabri 1:250 000 Metallogenic Map SH/56-9, SH/55-12. Geological Survey of New South Wales, Sydney, 319 pages. |
Brown, R.E., Brownlow, J.W., Krynen, J.P. (1992) Metallogenic Study and Mineral Deposit Data Sheets, Manilla-Narrabri 1:250 000 Metallogenic Map SH/56-9, SH/55-12. Geological Survey of New South Wales, Sydney, 319 pages. | |
Brown, R.E., Brownlow, J.W., Krynen, J.P. (1992) Metallogenic Study and Mineral Deposit Data Sheets, Manilla-Narrabri 1:250 000 Metallogenic Map SH/56-9, SH/55-12. Geological Survey of New South Wales, Sydney, 319 pages. | |
| Hall, L.R. (1959) The Mineral Industry of NSW - No. 25 Manganese, Geological Survey of New South Wales, 33p. |
Howarth, F. (1973). Some contact metamorphic and manganiferous rocks from southern New England. BA thesis Macquarie University. | |
| Worner, H. K. and Mitchell, R. W., eds. Birch, W. D. (et al) (1982) Minerals of Broken Hill, published by Australian Mining & Smelting Limited ISBN 0-909221-18-9 |
"Minerals of Broken Hill", William Birch, Editor, Published by Broken Hill City Council, 1999 | |
Austria | |
| Taucher, J. (1994): 936. Pyrophanit, Tephroit, Pyroxmangit, Rhodonit, Rhodochrosit, Dannemorit, Spessartin und Quarz von St. Salvator bei Friesach. Pp. 246-248 in Niedermayr, G., Postl, W. & Walter, F. (1994): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich XXXIII. Carinthia II, 174./94., 243-260.; G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995 |
| Natural History Museum Vienna collection |
| A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs, 1989 |
| Kolitsch, U., Schachinger, T. and Bernhard, F. (2015): Ardennite-(As), ardennite-(V), gasparite-(Ce) and chernovite-(Y): first results of a mineralogical study of the metaradiolarite-hosted manganese ore mineralisations in the Fuchssee area, Radstadt Tauern, Salzburg, Austria. MinPet 2015, Leoben, Austria, September 10-13; abstract in Mitt. Österr. Mineral. Ges. 161, 67. |
| Kolitsch, U., Schachinger, T., Auer, C. (2019): 2118) Baryt, Calcit, Cobaltit, Friedelit, Kutnohorit, Rhodochrosit, Rhodonit, Siegenit, Sonolith, Spessartin und Tephroit vom Krapfkühkarl, Kapruner Tal, Salzburg. Pp. 270-273 in Walter, F. et al. (2019): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich LXVIII. Carinthia II, 209./129., 237-362. |
| A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989) |
A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989) | |
A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989) | |
| Francis, C.A., Postl, W., Tropper, P., Bernhard, F., Walter, F. & Ettinger K. (2004): Über Sonolith und Tephroit von den Veitscher Manganerzvorkommen, Steiermark, Österreich. Joannea Mineralogie, 2, 85-100. [https://www.museum-joanneum.at/upload/file/Min2_04_Francis_ua.pdf] |
Postl W. et al. (1998); Francis, C.A. (2004) | |
| Kolitsch, U., Schachinger, T., Auer, C. (2019): 2113) Akatoreit(?), Albit, Ardennit-(As), Ardennit-(V), „Ardennit-(Si)“, Baryt, Brandtit(?) (oder unbenanntes Ca2Mn(AsO4)2?), Coelestin, Fluorapatit, Fluorcalcioroméit, Frankdicksonit(?), Friedelit, Ganophyllit(?), Hämatit, Hausmannit, Hollandit, Jacobsit, Klinochlor, Kutnohorit, Manganberzeliit, Manganiandrosit-(La)-Manganiakasakait-(La)-Mischkristalle, Muskovit, Opal(?), Pennantit, Piemontit(?), Pyrobelonit, Pyrophanit, Quarz, Rhodochrosit, Rhodonit, Sarkinit, Schallerit, Spessartin, Svabit, Tephroit, Tilasit und Tiragalloit vom Navisbach, Navistal, Nordtirol. Pp. 251-260 in Walter, F. et al. (2019): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich LXVIII. Carinthia II, 209./129., 237-362. |
| Krüger, H., Tropper, P., Haefeker, U., Kaindl, R., Tribus, M., Kahlenberg, V., Wikete, C., Fuchs, M.R., and Olieric, V. (2014) Innsbruckite, Mn33(Si2O5)14(OH)38 – a new mineral from the Tyrol, Austria. Mineralogical Magazine, 78, 1613-1627. |
Kolitsch, U., Schachinger, T., Auer, C. (2019): 2114) Andradit, Bementit, Calcit, Cobaltit, Fluorapatit, Galenit, Grossular, Hämatit, Jacobsit, Klinochlor, Linnéit-Siegenit, Magnesiochromit, Magnetit, Manganberzeliit, Manganoxide, Phlogopit, Rhodonit, Spessartin, Sphalerit, Tephroit, Tremolit und Zincochromit von einer metamorphen Manganerzlinse nahe der Innsbruckit-Typlokalität, Staffelsee, Wattener Lizum bei Wattens, Inntal, Nordtirol. Pp. 261-264 in Walter, F. et al. (2019): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich LXVIII. Carinthia II, 209./129., 237-362. | |
| MEIXNER, H. (1968): Neue Mineralfunde in den österreichischen Ostalpen XXIII. Carinthia II, 158./78., 96-115. |
| Abrecht, J. (1990) An As-rich manganiferous mineral assemblage from the Ködnitz Valley (Eastern Alps, Austria): Geology, mineralogy, genetic considerations, and implications for metamorphic Mn deposits. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte 1990, 363-375. |
| Kolitsch, U., Schachinger, T., Auer, C. (2017): 2026) Albit, Amphibol, Bementit(?), Braunit, ein Mn-Chlorit, As-haltiger Fluorapatit, Galaxit, Hämatit, Hübnerit, Iwakiit(?), Jakobsit, Kalifeldspat, Kutnahorit, Långbanit, Manganoxide, Nickelskutterudit, Pyrophanit, Quarz, Rhodochrosit, Rhodonit, Safflorit, Sarkinit, Sonolith, Spessartin, Tephroit, Uraninit und Zirkon aus Manganvererzungen von der Wunwand (Wunspitze) bei Prägraten, Osttirol. Pp. 241-246 in Walter, F. et al. (2017): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich LXVI. Carinthia II, 207./127., 217-284. |
Brazil | |
| Bello, Rosa M. S.,1978, Condições de Metamorfismo de Buritirama and Serra do Navio |
| Min Rec 39:125-130 |
http://acd.ufrj.br/geologia/posgrad/area1_d.htm; Viana, Nivea Cristina da Silva; Reis, Erica Linhares; Lucio de Faria, Geraldo; Araujo, Fernando Gabriel da Silva (2012): Mineralogical characterization of silico-carbonate manganese ore lithotypes from Morro da Mina mine. Congresso Anual da ABM (2012), 67th, 214-221 (in Portuguese). | |
Am Min (1955) 40:55-63 | |
Canada | |
| Gunnar Färber |
Chile | |
| Pincheira, M., & Fontboté, L. (1990). La Negra-Coquimbana Manganiferous District, Southern Atacama Desert, Chile. In Stratabound Ore Deposits in the Andes (pp. 365-378). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. |
China | |
| Fangcheng Wang, Bochong Liu, and Xiaoju Cai (2010): Geology and Exploration 46(5), 836-843 |
| Jingwen Mao, Hongyan Li, Hidehiko Shimazaki, Raimbault, L., and Guy, B. (1996): International Geology Review 38(11), 1020-1039 |
| Fan Delian, Li Jiaju, Ye Jie, Hariya, Y., and Miura, H. (1992): Some new data on manganese silicate-manganese oxide ores from ferro-manganese ore deposit Wafangzi, PRC (abstract). 29th international geological congress (Kyoto, 24 August - 3 September 1992). |
Czech Republic | |
| Marek, V., Povondra, P., Žák, L.: Pyroxmangite, rhodonite and tephroite from Chvaletice, Czechoslovakia. Acta Universitatis Carolinae – Geologica, 1975, vol. 19, no. 3, s. 187-198. |
| Novák, M. & Škoda, R. (2007): Mn3+-rich andalusite to kanonaite and their breakdown products from metamanganolite at Kojetice near Třebíč, the Moldanubian Zone, Czech Republic. Journal of Geosciences, 52(1-2), 161-167. |
Egypt | |
| Ibrahim M. Shalaby, Eugen Stumpfl, Hassan M. Helmy, Mahmoud M. El Mahallawi and Omar A. Kamel (2004) Silver and silver-bearing minerals at the Um Samiuki volcanogenic massive sulphide deposit, Eastern Desert, Egypt. Mineralium Deposita Volume 39, Numbers 5-6, 608-621 |
Finland | |
| Mancini, F., Alviola, R., Marshall, B., Satoh, H., & Papunen, H. (2000). The manganese silicate rocks of the early Proterozoic Vittinki group, southwestern Finland: Metamorphic grade and genetic interpretations. The Canadian Mineralogist, 38(5), 1103-1124.; Heikkilä, Pasi 2003. Vittinki-ryhmän metaserttien geologia ja mineralogia Etelä-Pohjanmaalla. Pro gradu, matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta, Geologian laitos. Helsingin Yliopisto. |
France | |
| Cenki-Tok, B. & Chopin, C. (2006): Coexisting calderite and spessartine garnets in eclogite-facies metacherts of the Western Alps. Mineralogy and Petrology, 88, 47-68. |
| Chauris, L. (2014): Minéraux de Bretagne, Les Editions du Piat, 203. |
| Le Règne Minéral 47: 5-21 |
| European J. Mineralogy, 11/5, 879-890; Brugger, J., Bonin, M., Schenk, K. J., Meisser, N., Berlepsch, P., & Ragu, A. (1999). Description and crystal structure of nabiasite, BaMn 9 [(V, As) O 4] 6 (OH) 2, a new mineral from the Central Pyrenees (France). European journal of mineralogy, 11(5), 879-890. |
| Lacroix, A. (1900) Manganese minerals from Hautes-Pyrenees. Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie 23, 251-255 (in French).; Ragu, A. (1994): Helvite from the French Pyrénées as evidence for granite-related hydrothermal activity. Canadian Mineralogist 32, 111-120.; DE ASCENCAO GUEDES R., TIXADOR Y., CASTERET A. & GOUJOU JC. (2002) La mine de Coustou, Vielle-Aure, Hautes-Pyrénées. Le Règne Minéral, 47, 23-31. (in french) |
| Lacroix, A. (1900) Manganese minerals from Hautes-Pyrenees. Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie 23, 251-255 (in French). |
Germany | |
| Hentschel, G., Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane, Weise Verlag, München, 1983 |
[Hentschel, G., Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane, Weise Verlag, München, 1983] [Minealien Welt 1/93:14] | |
| Hentschel, G., Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane, Weise Verlag, München, 1983 |
| Hentschel, G., Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane, Weise Verlag, München, 1983 |
| Witzke, T. (2013): Die Minerale der Manganlagerstätte Schävenholz bei Elbingerode, Harz.- Aufschluss 64, 69-80 |
India | |
| Econ Geol (1980) 75:1083-1104 |
Italy | |
| Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007): Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp. |
| Eur. J. Mineral 18:569–582 (2006) |
| Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, (4), 131 |
| Palenzona A., Di Giovanni F., Borgo E. (1988) - La miniera di Manganese di Cerchiara (SP) - Rivista Miner. Ital., Milano, fasc. 4, pp.209-218 |
| Ferrario, A. & Montrasio, A. (1976): Manganese ore deposit of Monte del Forno. Its stratigraphic and structural implications. Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen 56, 377-385. |
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Bedognè, F., Montrasio, A., Sciesa, E. (1993) I minerali della provincia di Sondrio: Valmalenco. Bettini, Sondrio, 275 pp.; Oberti R, Boiocchi M, Hawthorne F C, Ciriotti M E, Revheim O, Bracco R (2018) Clino-suenoite, a newly approved magnesium-iron-manganese amphibole from Valmalenco, Sondrio, Italy. Mineralogical Magazine 82, 189-198 | |
| Piccoli, G.C., Vanini, F., Ciriotti, M.E., Marengo, A., Bittarello, E., Cámara, F., Kolitsch, U., Bracco, R., Balestra, C., Odicino, G., Brizio, P. (2020): Eggletonite e tamaite del Monte Maniglia, Bellino, Cuneo, Piemonte con aggiornamento sulla mineralogia locale. Micro, 18, 60-66. |
| Ambrino, P., Ciriotti, M.E., Blass, G., Airaudi, D. (2010): Primo ritrovamento di caryopilite e kutnohorite in Piemonte: Croce di Chiaves, Ceres, Torino. Micro (UK report) 1/2010, 134-141 |
| Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp. |
| Peters Tj., Trommsdorff V., Sommerauer J. (1978): Manganese pyroxenoids and carbonates: critical phase relations in metamorphic assemblages from the Alps. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 66, 383-388; Piccoli G.C., Maletto G., Bosio P., Lombardo B. (2007): Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" di Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo), 607 pp. |
| Di Sabatino, L. (1967) Su una paragenesi del giacimento manganesifero di Scortico (Alpi Apuane). Periodico di Mineralogia, 36, 965-992. |
Japan | |
| www.scs.kyushu-u.ac.jp/~hn2/shirozulite.html; Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.; Hirowatari, F., & Fukuoka, M. (1988). Welinite in the bedded manganese ore deposits of Japan. Mining Geology, 38(211), 449-456. |
| H. Momoi (1964) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 15, #1, 39-63. |
| M. Nakagawa, M. Santosh, S. Maruyama (2009) Distribution and mineral assemblages of bedded manganese deposits in Shikoku, Southwest Japan: Implications for accretion tectonics. Gondwana Research 16, 609–621. |
M. Nakagawa, M. Santosh, S. Maruyama (2009) Distribution and mineral assemblages of bedded manganese deposits in Shikoku, Southwest Japan: Implications for accretion tectonics. Gondwana Research 16, 609–621. | |
| Tanaka, H., Endo, S., Minakawa, T., Enami, M., Nishio-Hamane, D., Miura, H., Hagiwara, A. (2010) Momoiite, (Mn2+,Ca)3(V3+,Al)2Si3O12, a new manganese vanadium garnet from Japan. Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences: 105: 92-96. |
| H. Momoi (1964) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 15, #1, 39-63.; Tanaka, H. et al. (2010) Momoiite (Mn2+,Ca)3(V3+,Al)2Si3O12, a new manganese vanadium garnet from Japan. Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences 105, 92-96. ; 加藤昭, & 松原聰. (1980). 本邦産マンガン硼酸塩鉱物. 鉱物学雜誌, 14(Special3), 86-97. |
| Matsubara, S., Kato, A., Shimizu, M., Sekiuchi, K., and Suzuki, M. (1996) Romeite from the Gozaisho mine, Iwaki, Japan. Mineralogical Journal 18, 155-160. |
Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan) | |
| Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252. |
| Toyofumi Yoshimura, "Manganese deposits in Japan - Addendum, PartII", Science reports, Department of Geology, Kyushu University (1969) |
| Minerals in Japan (Field Best Encyclopedia V. 15, 2003) |
Matsubara, S., & Kato, A. (1980). Nagashimalite, Ba4 (V3+, Ti) 4 [(O, OH) 2| Cl| Si8B2O27], a new mineral from the Mogurazawa mine, Gumma prefecture, Japan. Mineralogical Journal, 10(3), 122-130. | |
| Hirowatari, F., Fukuoka, M. (1988): Some problems of the studies on the manganese minerals in Japan. Journal Mineral. Soc. Japan: 18(6),347-365 (in Japanese); in: Jambor, J.L., Grew, E.S. (1991): New mineral Names. American Mineralogist: 76: 301; Hayashi, S. (1961): Cosalite from the Hagidaira Mine, Gun'ma Prefecture, Japan. Mineral. J. (Tokyo) 3(3), 148-155. |
Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252. | |
Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252. | |
| Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan); Kobayashi H (1977) Kanoite, (Mn2+,Mg)2[Si2O6], a new clinopyroxene in the metamorphic rock from Tatehira, Oshima Peninsula, Hokkaido, Japan. Journal of the Geological Society of Japan 83, 537-542; Tomohiro Morishita, Hiroharu Mastueda (2011) Mineral assemblage and genesis of the Tatehira manganese ore deposit, Southeast Hokkaido, Japan. Abstracts for Annual Meeting of Japan Association of Mineralogical Sciences 2011 Session ID: R1-P22 |
| Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252. |
| Mayumi Yoshinaga (1963) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 14, 1, 1-22. |
| Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan) |
Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252. | |
Toyofumi Yoshimura, "Manganese deposits in Japan - Addendum, PartII", Science reports, Department of Geology, Kyushu University (1969) | |
Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan) | |
| Nambu M, Tanida K (1967) Manjirōite, a new manganese dioxide mineral, from Kohare Mine, Iwate Prefecture, Japan. Journal of the Japanese Association of Mineralogists, Petrologists and Economic Geologists 58, 39-54 |
| Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan) |
Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan) | |
Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan) | |
Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan) | |
Dr. Matsuo Nambu ore collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan) | |
Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252. | |
Nambu, M. & Tanida, K. (1961): On the progressive alteration of manganese dioxide minerals in the Toyoguchi Mine, Iwate Prefecture. Ganseki Kobutsu Kosho Gakkaishi 45, 39-48. (in Japanese) | |
Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan) | |
| Katsu Kaneko (1956) Symposium del Manganeso, XX Congreso Geologico Internacional, Mexico D.F.; Watanabe, T., Kato, A., & Ito, J. (1960). The Minerals of the Noda-Tamagawa Mine, Iwaté Prefecture, Japan: II. Pyrochroite Ore (Kimiman-kô) and Its Origin. Mineralogical Journal, 3(1), 30-41. |
| Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated by the Geological Survey of Japan) |
| Mayumi Yoshinaga (1963) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 14, 1, 1-22.; Dr. Matsuo Nambu ore collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan) |
Dr. Matsuo Nambu ore collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan) | |
Dr. Matsuo Nambu ore collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan) | |
Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan) | |
| Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan) |
| Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252. |
Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan) | |
| Dr. Matsuo Nambu ore collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan) |
Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan) | |
Dr. Matsuo Nambu ore collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan) | |
| Matsubara, S. (2003) Minerals in Japan (Field Best Encyclopedia, vol. 15) |
Nagase, Toshiro; Hori, Hidemichi; Kitamine, Mizuya; Nagashima, Mariko; Abduriyim, Ahmadjan; Kuribayashi, Takahiro (2012): Tanohataite, LiMn2Si3O8(OH): a new mineral from the Tanohata mine, Iwate Prefecture, Japan. Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences, 107, 149-154. | |
| Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan) |
| Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.; Toyofumi Yoshimura, "Manganese deposits in Japan - Addendum, PartII", Science reports, Department of Geology, Kyushu University (1969) |
Toyofumi Yoshimura, "Manganese deposits in Japan - Addendum, PartII", Science reports, Department of Geology, Kyushu University (1969) | |
| Toyofumi Yoshimura, "Manganese deposits in Japan - Addendum, PartII", Science reports, Department of Geology, Kyushu University (1969) |
| Mineralogical Journal Vol. 17 (1994) , No. 5 pp 211-218 |
| Toyofumi Yoshimura, "Manganese deposits in Japan - Addendum, PartII", Science reports, Department of Geology, Kyushu University (1969) |
| Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences 103,400-406(2008) |
| Yoshimura, T., Shirozu, H., & Hirowatari, F. Bementite and Pyroxmangite from the Ichinomata mine, Kumamoto Prefecture.(pp. 457-467). 鉱物学雜誌 Vol. 3 (1956-1958) No. 6 P 791-809 |
| Am Min 85:242-250; Tanaka, H. et al. (2010) Momoiite (Mn2+,Ca)3(V3+,Al)2Si3O12, a new manganese vanadium garnet from Japan. Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences 105, 92-96. |
| Masutomi Museum specimens (Kyoto) |
Masutomi Museum specimen (Kyoto) | |
Yamada, S. (2004) Nihonsan-koubutsu Gojuon-hairetsu Sanchi-ichiranhyou (111 pp.) | |
Mayumi Yoshinaga (1963) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 14, 1, 1-22. | |
| Toyofumi Yoshimura, "Manganese deposits in Japan - Addendum, PartII", Science reports, Department of Geology, Kyushu University (1969) |
| Mayumi Yoshinaga (1963) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 14, 1, 1-22. |
| Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252. |
| http://www.issp.u-tokyo.ac.jp; Daisuke Nishio- Hamane, Norimitsu Tomita, Tetsuo Minakawa, and Sachio Inaba (2013) Iseite, Mn2Mo3O8, a new mineral from Ise, Mie Prefecture, Japan. Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences, 108, 37─41.; Nagashima, M., Nishio-Hamane, D., Tomita, N., Minakawa, T., Inaba, S. (2015): Ferriakasakaite-(La) and ferriandrosite-(La): new epidote-supergroup minerals from Ise, Mie Prefecture, Japan. Mineralogical Magazine, 79, 735-753. |
| Yamada, S. (2004) Nihonsan-koubutsu Gojuon-hairetsu Sanchi-ichiranhyou (111 pp.) |
| Fuzimoto, M. (2006): Manganese minerals from manganese mines, Takachiho district, Miyazaki Prefecture. Part 1. Shimozuru Mine. Chigaku Kenkyu 54, 213-221. (in Japanese) ; Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252. |
| Uehara, S., et al (2014) MInerals from Kyushu and Yamaguchi. (Fukuoka Mineral Club, 355 pages) |
Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252. | |
| Dr. Matsuo Nambu ore collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan); Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.; Katsu Kaneko (1956) Symposium del Manganeso, XX Congreso Geologico Internacional, Mexico D.F. |
Akira Kato (2011) Explanations of distributed specimens at the Ordinary Meeting of Mumeikai Group, No. 34 (January, 20011). | |
Akira Kato (2011) Explanations of distributed specimens at the Ordinary Meeting of Mumeikai Group, No. 34 (January, 20011). | |
H. Momoi (1964) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 15, #1, 39-63. | |
| Yoshinaga, M. (1959) Mem. Fac. Sci., Kyushu University, Ser. D, 9, 47-53.; Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252. |
| Okamoto collection (curated at the Geological Survey museum, Japan); Katsu Kaneko (1956) Symposium del Manganeso, XX Congreso Geologico Internacional, Mexico D.F. |
| Akira Kato (2011) Reference informations on distributed specimens at the Ordinary Meeting of Mumeikai Group, No. 1 (April, 2011). |
| K. Nishikubo, T. Yamada, A. Harada, M. Takizawa, K. Tange, Y. Kosuge, R. Miyawaki, and S. Matsubara (2005) "Rambergite from the Hirogawara mine, Urayama, Chichibu City, Saitama Prefecture, Japan" |
| Kato, A. (2010) Mumeikai Group meeting, No. 30. |
| Akira Kato (2009) Explanations of distributed specimens at the Ordinary Meeting of Mumeikai Group, No. 28 (November 2009). |
| Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252. |
| Mayumi Yoshinaga (1963) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 14, 1, 1-22.; Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.; Yoshinaga, Mayumi. "Sonolite, a new manganese silicate mineral." Mem Fac Sci Kyushu Univ Ser D Geol 14 (1963): 1-21.; Hirowatari, F., & Fukuoka, M. (1988). Welinite in the bedded manganese ore deposits of Japan. Mining Geology, 38(211), 449-456. |
| Alfredo Petrov coll.; Yamada, S. (2004) Nihonsan-koubutsu Gojuon-hairetsu Sanchi-ichiranhyou (111 pp.) |
| Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252. |
| Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.; 加藤昭, & 松原聰. (1980). 本邦産マンガン硼酸塩鉱物. 鉱物学雜誌, 14(Special3), 86-97. |
Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252. | |
| Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan) |
Kato, A. (1991) Bulletin of the National Science Museum (Tokyo), 17, 119-128. | |
Katsu Kaneko (1956) Symposium del Manganeso, XX Congreso Geologico Internacional, Mexico D.F.; Akira Kato (undated manuscript): Country rock and Minerals of the Kaso mine, Kanuma City, Tochigi Prefecture. (in japanese) | |
Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252. | |
Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252. | |
| Introduction to Japanese Minerals (Geological Survey of Japan, 1970) |
Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252. | |
| N. Aikawa (1987) Journal of Geosciences, Osaka City University, 30, 1-13. |
Bull. Kanagawa pref. Mus. (Nat. Sci.), 22, 25-32 (1993) | |
Dr. Kameki Kinoshita collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan); photo in: Koubutsu Doshikai (2017) Kanto-to Shuhen-no Koubutsu (279pp). | |
| Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252. |
Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252. | |
| Lee, D. E. (1955); Am Min (1955) 40:32-40 |
H. Momoi (1964) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 15, #1, 61.; Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252. | |
Lee, D. E. (1955); Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252. | |
| Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.; Fumitoshi HIROWATARI (1961) Minerals and Their Paragenetic Relations of the Manganese Deposits of Fukumaki Mine, Yamaguchi Prefecture. Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Japan Vol.12:565-572; Hirowatari, F., & Fukuoka, M. (1988). Welinite in the bedded manganese ore deposits of Japan. Mining Geology, 38(211), 449-456. |
| Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252. |
Lee, D. E. (1955); Am Min (1955) 40:32-40 | |
H. Momoi (1964) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 15, #1, 39-63. | |
H. Momoi (1964) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 15, #1, 61. | |
Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252. | |
Kazakhstan | |
| Sarbas, B. & Töpper, W. (1993): Mn Manganese. A 2. Natural Occurrence. Minerals (Native metal, solid solution, silicide, and carbide. Sulfides and related compounds. Halogenides and oxyhalogenides. Oxides of type MO). In: Gmelin Handbook of Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, 8th ed., Springer, Berlin-Heidelberg. (p. 58) |
| Kayupova, M. M. (1964) Pyrosmalite from the Dzhumart and Ushkatyn Deposits, Central Kazakhstan. Translated from: Pirosmalit iz mestorozhdeniy Dzhumart i Ushkatyn v Tsentral'nom Kazakhstane. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, 1964, Vol. 159, No.3, pp.560-663. |
| Kayupova, M.M. (1965) Doklady of the Academy of Sciences U.S.S.R., Earth Science sections, 163, 97-100.; Evseev, A. A. (1995) Kazaknstan and Middle Asia. A brief Mineralogical Guide. World of Stone 8:24-30 |
| Kayupova, M. M. (1963): Mineralogy of the Dzhumart iron-manganese deposit. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk Kazakhskoi SSR, Seriya Geologicheskaya, 1963 (6), 57-80.; Kayupova, M. M. (1964) Pyrosmalite from the Dzhumart and Ushkatyn Deposits, Central Kazakhstan. Translated from: Pirosmalit iz mestorozhdeniy Dzhumart i Ushkatyn v Tsentral'nom Kazakhstane. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, 1964, Vol. 159, No.3, pp.560-663. |
Kyrgyzstan | |
| Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow |
Madagascar | |
| Behier, J. (1963): Carte mineralogique de Madagascar. Archive Service Géologique Madagascar. A 1871 |
Namibia | |
| Dunn, P.J. (1991), Rare minerals of the Kombat Mine, Mineralogical Record: 22(6): 421-425. |
Norway | |
| Wel,D. van der. (1974): Brandsnuten manganforekomst og de tilhørende bergarter vest for Byrtevatn. Hovedfagsoppgave (M.Sc. Thesis), Mineralogisk-Geologisk Museum, Universitetet i Oslo. ( p. 123) |
Peru | |
| Bussell, M.A., Alpers, C.N., Petersen, U., Shepherd, T.J., Bermudez, C., Baxter, A.N. (1990) The Ag-Mn-Pb-Zn vein, replacement, and skarn deposits of Uchucchacua, Peru; studies of structure, mineralogy, metal zoning, Sr isotopes, and fluid inclusions. Economic Geology: 85(7): 1348–1383. |
Romania | |
| Delia Cristina Papp, Ionel Ureche, Ioan Seghedi, Hilary Downes, Luigi Dallai, (2005), Petrogenesis of convergent-margin calc-alkaline rocks and the significance of the low oxygen isotope ratios: the Rodna-Bârgău Neogene subvolcanic area (Eastern Carpathians), Geologica Carpathica, 56, 1, p.77-90 |
| Hîrtopanu, P., Udubaşa, G. & Scott, P. (2003): Minerals of the Metamorphosed Mn-Fe Deposits in Romania: Old Deposits, New Species. Acta Mineralogica-Petrographica, Abstract Series 1, Szeged, 44. |
| http://minerals-of-the-carpathians.eu; Udubasa, G., Hartopanu, P., Ilinca, G. (1996). The Regionally metamorphosed Fe-Mn Ore Deposit at Razoare, Preluca Mts., Romania. Romanian Journal of Mineralogy, 77, 3-20. |
| http://minerals-of-the-carpathians.eu |
| http://minerals-of-the-carpathians.eu |
| Udubașa, G., Ďud'a, R., Szakáll, S., Kvasnytsya, V., Koszowska, E., Novák, M. (2002): Minerals of the Carpathians (Szakáll, S., ed.). Granit, Prague, Czech Rep., 482 pp. Hîrtopanu, P. (1997): Tolovanu manganese mine. In: Nedelcu, L., Moga, C., Podasca, I., Hirtopanu, P. (Eds.), Crystalline zone of the East Carpathians (Northern Bistrița Mts.): Structure, lithostratigraphy, metamorphism and metallogeny. Valea Putnei-Valea Bistriței. Romanian Journal of Mineralogy: 78 (Suppl. 2): 25-34 |
Russia | |
| A. I. Brusnitsyn, I. G. Zhukov, V. N. Kuleshov (2009): The Bikkulovskoe manganese deposit (South Urals): Geological setting, composition of metalliferous rocks, and formation model. Lithology and Mineral Resources 44, 557-578. |
| Brusnitsyn, A.I. (2006): Geology of Ore Deposits 48(3), 193-214. |
| P.M. Kartashov data |
| V.V. Kalinin data |
| Brusnitsyn, A. I.; Kalugin, P. S. (2012): Kellyite in manganese-bearing rocks of the Parnokskoye deposit (Polar Urals). Zapiski Rossiiskogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva 141, 83-90 (in Russian)., http://webmineral.ru/deposits/item.php?id=1551 |
| Kazachenko, V. T., Perevoznikova, E. V., Miroshnichenko, N. V., Karabtsov, A. A., & Solyanik, V. A. (2006, July). Metalliferous sediments of the Triassic cherty formation in the Ol’ga ore district of primorye: Tin-noble metal ores of a new genetic type. In Doklady earth sciences (Vol. 409, No. 2, pp. 847-852). MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica. |
| A.A. Kim, N.V. Zayakina (2001) Native manganese from alkali picrites of central Aldan. Otechestvennaya Geologia, (5), 32–34 (in Russian). |
Kim, A.A., Pankov, V.Yu., Novoselov, Yu.M. (1989): Native siliceous manganese in heavy-mineral associations of Central Aldan. Doklady Akad. Nauk SSSR: 308(3): 699-702; in: Jambor, J.L., Puziewicz, J. (1991): New mineral Names. American Mineralogist: 76: 669 | |
Kim, A.A., Pankov, V.Yu., Novoselov, Yu.M. (1989): Native siliceous manganese in heavy-mineral associations of Central Aldan. Doklady Akad. Nauk SSSR: 308(3): 699-702; in: Jambor, J.L., Puziewicz, J. (1991): New mineral Names. American Mineralogist: 76: 669 | |
Kim, A.A., Pankov, V.Yu., Novoselov, Yu.M. (1989): Native siliceous manganese in heavy-mineral associations of Central Aldan. Doklady Akad. Nauk SSSR: 308(3): 699-702; in: Jambor, J.L., Puziewicz, J. (1991): New mineral Names. American Mineralogist: 76: 669 | |
| Brusnitsyn, A.I. (2000) Rhodonite deposits of Middle Ural. St. Petersburg University press, p. 200 (in Russ.). |
| Brusnitsyn A.I. (2000) Rhodonite deposits of Middle Ural, - S.-Peterburg Univercity press, p. 200 (in Rus.). |
| Brusnitsyn A.I. (2000) Rhodonite deposits of Middle Ural, - S.-Peterburg Univercity press, p. 200 (in Rus.). |
| Brusnitsyn, A. I., Kuleshov, V. N., Perova, E. N., & Zaitsev, A. N. (2017). Ferromanganese carbonate metasediments of the Sob area, Polar Urals: Bedding conditions, composition, and genesis. Lithology and Mineral Resources, 52(3), 192-213. |
Slovakia | |
| Rojkovič, I. (2001): Geolines 13, 34-41. |
| Rojkovič, I. (2001): Geolines 13, 34-41. |
South Africa | |
| Von Bezing, K. L. et al. (1991) The Kalahari manganese field: An Update, Mineralogical Record 22(4) 279-302; Gutzmer, J. (1996). Genesis and alteration of the Kalahari and Postmasburg manganese deposits, Griqualand West, South Africa (Doctoral dissertation, Rand Afrikaans University). |
| Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa. |
Spain | |
| Bocamina, (4), (1999) 50-86. |
| Mineralogistes de Catalunya, vol. III num. 5 |
Sweden | |
| Min Mag 66 (2) 2002, 353-364 |
| No reference listed |
| Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 857, 1025, 1030.; Holtstam, D. (2001): W and V mineralization in Långban-type Fe-Mn deposits: Epigenetic or Syngenetic? Geologiske Föreningen i Stockholm Förhandlingar 123: 29-33; Moore, P. B. (1967). Welinite, a new mineral from LAngban. Arkiv fOr Mineralogi och Geologi, 4, 407-411. |
| No reference listed |
| Nysten, P., Holtstam, D. and Jonsson, E. (1999) The Långban minerals. In Långban - The mines,their minerals, geology and explorers (D. Holtstam and J. Langhof, eds.), Swedish Museum of Natural History and Raster Förlag, Stockholm & Chr. Weise Verlag, Munich, pp. 89-183. |
| Magnusson, N.H. (1929): Nordmarks malmtrakt. Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning, series Ca 13, 98p. |
GFF 2, 179 | |
| Mineralogical Magazine(1978) 42, 133-136; Holtstam, D. & Langhof, J. (1995): Metamorphic harkerite from Nordmarks odalfält, Värmland, Sweden. GFF 117, 151-152. |
Mineralogical Magazine (1998) 62 (3), 395-407 | |
| Flink, G. (1917): Bidrag till Sveriges Mineralogi. Arkiv för Kemi, mineralogi och Geologi. Vol 6. no. 21, p. 49-52 |
No reference listed | |
| Nysten, P. (2020) Manganrika hematitmalmer av Långbantyp från Norberg och Saladamm, Västmanland, centrala Bergslagen, Sverige. Norsk Mineralsymposium 2020: 5-19 |
| No reference listed |
Switzerland | |
| Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 400. |
Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 317. | |
| Brugger J. (1996): The Fe, Mn, (V, Sb, As, Be, W) deposits of Val Ferrera (Graubünden, Switzerland). Unpublished PhD Thesis, Univ. Basel. 188 p. |
| Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 400. |
| Ansermet, S. (2012): Mines et minéraux du Valais - II. Anniviers et Tourtemagne. With contributions by N. Meisser, Ed. Porte-plumes (Ayer) |
| Ansermet, S. with contributions of Meisser, N. (2012): Mines et minéraux du Valais. II. Anniviers et Tourtemagne. Musée de la Nature (Sion), Musée Cantonal de Géologie (Lausanne), and Editions Porte-Plumes (Ayer), 374 pp. |
| Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 227. |
Turkey | |
| Öztürk, H. (1997): Ore Geology Reviews 12, 187-203. |
UK | |
| Russell, A. (1946). On rhodonite and tephroite from Treburland manganese mine, Altarnun, Cornwall; and on rhodonite from other localities in Cornwall and Devonshire. Mineralogical Magazine, 27(194), 221-235. |
| No reference listed |
| http://www.mineralman.f9.co.uk/quarries/meldon.htm; Mineralogical Magazine 1966 35 : 991-994. |
| Cotterell, T.F., 2006. Caryopilite and pyroxmangite from Nant Mine, Nant-y-Gadwen, Llanfaelrhys, Pen Llyn, Gwynedd, Wales UK Journal of Mines and Minerals, 27, 51-53. |
| Liferovich, R. P., Mitchell, R. H., Zozulya, D. R., & Shpachenko, A. K. (2006). Paragenesis and composition of banalsite, stronalsite, and their solid solution in nepheline syenite and ultramafic alkaline rocks. The Canadian Mineralogist, 44(4), 929-942. |
| Cotterell, T. (2013). A new assemblage of manganese silicates in the Lower Cambrian manganese ore bed, Harlech, Merionethshire, Wales. Journal of the Russell Society 16, 39-51. |
United Arab Emirates | |
| Gnos, E. and Peters, T. (1995) Tephroite-hausmannite-galaxite from a granulite-facies manganese rock of the United Arab Emirates. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology: 120: 372-377. |
| Gnos, W., Armbruster, T. (2000) Kinoshitalite, Ba(Mg)₃(Al₂Si₂)O10(OH,F)₂, a brittle mica from a manganese deposit in Oman: Paragenesis and crystal chemistry. American Mineralogist 85:1, 242-250. |
USA | |
| Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd. ed.: 392. |
| Hewett, Donnel Foster, Charles Wesley Chesterman & Bennie Wyatt Troxel (1961), Tephroite in California manganese deposits: Economic Geology: 56: 49; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 60, 361; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 459-460. |
Hewett, Donnel Foster, Charles Wesley Chesterman & Bennie Wyatt Troxel (1961), Tephroite in California manganese deposits: Economic Geology: 56: 49; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 361; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California: 460. | |
| Hewett, Donnel Foster, Charles Wesley Chesterman & Bennie Wyatt Troxel (1961), Tephroite in California manganese deposits: Economic Geology: 56: 39-58; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 361; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 460. |
Hewett, Donnel Foster, Charles Wesley Chesterman & Bennie Wyatt Troxel (1961), Tephroite in California manganese deposits: Economic Geology: 56: 45-46; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 361; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 460. | |
| Hewett, Donnel Foster, Charles Wesley Chesterman & Bennie Wyatt Troxel (1961), Tephroite in California manganese deposits: Economic Geology: 56: 51; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 460. |
| Hewett, Donnel Foster, Charles Wesley Chesterman & Bennie Wyatt Troxel (1961), Tephroite in California manganese deposits: Economic Geology: 56: 57; Troxel, Bennie Wyatt & P.K. Morton (1962), Mines and mineral resources of Kern County, California: California Division Mines & Geology County Report No. 1, 370 pp.: 238-240; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 361; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 394, 460. |
| Troxel, Bennie Wyatt & P.K. Morton (1962), Mines and mineral resources of Kern County, California: California Division Mines & Geology County Report No. 1, 370 pp.: 238-240; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 460. |
| Hewett, Donnel Foster, Charles Wesley Chesterman & Bennie Wyatt Troxel (1961), Tephroite in California manganese deposits: Economic Geology: 56: 50-52; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 214, 361; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 460. |
| Hewett, Donnel Foster, Charles Wesley Chesterman & Bennie Wyatt Troxel (1961), Tephroite in California manganese deposits: Economic Geology: 56: 48; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 165, 460.; Huebner, J. Stephen; Flohr, Marta J. (1990) Microbanded manganese formations; protoliths in the Franciscan Complex, California; USGS Professional Paper 1502. |
| Hewett, Donnel Foster, Charles Wesley Chesterman & Bennie Wyatt Troxel (1961), Tephroite in California manganese deposits: Economic Geology: 56: 47, 48; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 215, 361; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California: 165, 460.; Huebner, J. Stephen; Flohr, Marta J. (1990) Microbanded manganese formations; protoliths in the Franciscan Complex, California; USGS Professional Paper 1502. |
| Woodford, A.O. (1925), The San Onofre breccia; its nature and origin: University of California, Department of Geological Sciences Bulletin 15: 194; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 361. |
| Rogers, Austin Flint (1919b), An interesting occurrence of manganese minerals near San Jose, California: American Journal of Science, 4th. Series: 48: 444; Rogers, Austin Flint (1924b), Kempite, a new manganese mineral from Santa Clara County, California: American Journal of Science, 5th. Series: 8: 145-150; […(abstract): Geological Society of America Bulletin: 36: 206 (1925)]: 206; Ross, Clarence Samuel & Paul F. Kerr (1932), Manganese mineral of a vein near Bald Knob, North Carolina: American Mineralogist: 17: 13; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 59, 362; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 460; www.mineralsocal.org; U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. |
| Hewett, Donnel Foster, Charles Wesley Chesterman & Bennie Wyatt Troxel (1961), Tephroite in California manganese deposits: Economic Geology: 56: 44; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 362; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 460. |
| Hewett, Donnel Foster, Charles Wesley Chesterman & Bennie Wyatt Troxel (1961), Tephroite in California manganese deposits: Economic Geology: 56: 45; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 215, 362; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California: 167, 460. |
| Rocks & Min.: 63: 366-384.; Burbank, W. S. (1933): The manganese minerals of the Sunnyside veins, Eureka Gulch, Colorado. American Mineralogist 18, 513-527. |
| Januzzi, 1976. Mineral Localities of CT & Southeastern NY State, p.229, 235; Harold Moritz collection; Schooner, Richard. (circa 1980s), Untitled manuscript on central Connecticut minerals. |
| No reference listed |
| Anthony, J. W. et al. (1997): Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. 3, 58 |
| Plante, A. (1992) Western Massachusetts Mineral Localities. Valley Geology Press, 1992: 150 pgs. |
| Hurlbut, C.S., Jr.: Am.Min.:46:549-559 (1961); Palache(1935):77; Dunn(1995):Pt3:336-342. |
Van King | |
Palache(1935):77. | |
FOMS Millsite Committee (1986) (circa), List of Mineral Species Found on the Franklin Mill Site, Franklin-Ogdensburg Mineralogical Society (unpublished). | |
| Harold Moritz collection |
| A. Breithaupt (1823): Vollständige Charakteristik des Mineral-Systems.- Dresden, 2nd. ed., p. 278; Palache(1935):77; Dunn(1995):Pt3:336-342 |
| Rocks & Min.: 60:130-135. |
| Michael W. Kieron collection |
| BEG University of Texas publication 4301 |
| Minerals of Virginia 1990 by R. V. Dietrich |
| Minerals of Virginia 1990 by R. V. Dietrich |
| Beard, J.S. and Tracy, R.J. (2002): Spinels and other oxides in Mn-rich rocks from the Hutter Mine, Pittsylvania County, Virginia, U.S.A.: Implications for miscibility and solvus relations among jacobsite, galaxite, and magnetite. American Mineralogist, 87, 690-698.; AmMin 88:740-747 (2003) |
| Minerals of Washington, Bart Cannon, 1975 |
| Cannon, B. (1975): Minerals of Washington, p.39 |
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