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Thoreaulite

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Thoreaulite

Manono Mine, Katanga, Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre)
Thoreaulite

Ognevka Ta Deposit, Kalba Range, Eastern Kazakhstan Province, Kazakhstan
Thoreaulite

Ognevka Ta Deposit, Kalba Range, Eastern Kazakhstan Province, Kazakhstan
Thoreaulite

Manono Mine, Katanga, Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre)
Thoreaulite

Ognevka Ta Deposit, Kalba Range, Eastern Kazakhstan Province, Kazakhstan
Thoreaulite

Ognevka Ta Deposit, Kalba Range, Eastern Kazakhstan Province, Kazakhstan
Thoreaulite

Manono Mine, Katanga, Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre)
Thoreaulite

Ognevka Ta Deposit, Kalba Range, Eastern Kazakhstan Province, Kazakhstan
Jacques Thoreau (1885-1973)
Formula:
(Sn2+,Pb)(Ta,Nb)2O6
System:
Monoclinic
Colour:
Brown to yellow
Lustre:
Adamantine, Resinous
Hardness:
5½ - 6
Member of:
Name:
Named in 1933 by Henri Buttgenbach in honor of Jacques Thoreau [September 27, 1886 Brussels, Belgium - January 11, 1973 Kessel-Lo, Belgium], Professor of Mineralogy, Université Catholique de Leuvain-UCL, Belgium.
Isostructural with:
Foordite
Foordite-Thoreaulite Series.


Classification of Thoreaulite

IMA status:
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
Strunz 8th ed.:
4/D.29-20
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) ed.:
4.DG.15

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
D : Metal: Oxygen = 1:2 and similar
G : With large (+- medium-sized) cations; chains of edge-sharing octahedra
Dana 7th ed.:
8.3.10.1
Dana 8th ed.:
8.3.10.1

8 : MULTIPLE OXIDES CONTAINING NIOBIUM,TANTALUM OR TITANIUM
3 : AB2O6
Hey's CIM Ref.:
18.1.21

18 : Niobates and Tantalates
1 : Niobates and tantalates containing neither rare earths nor U

Physical Properties of Thoreaulite

Lustre:
Adamantine, Resinous
Colour:
Brown to yellow
Streak:
Yellow or greenish
Hardness (Mohs):
5½ - 6
Cleavage:
Perfect
On {100}; on {011} imperfect.
Density:
7.6 - 7.9 g/cm3 (Measured)    

Optical Data of Thoreaulite

Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 2.390 nβ = 2.420 nγ = 2.520
2V:
Measured: 25° to 35°, Calculated: 60°
Birefringence:
On {100} cleavages = 0.039.
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.130
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Very High
Dispersion:
r < v

Chemical Properties of Thoreaulite

Formula:
(Sn2+,Pb)(Ta,Nb)2O6
IMA Formula:
Sn2+Ta2O6
Idealised Formula:
Sn2+Ta2O6
Elements listed in formula:
O, Sn, Ta - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of Thoreaulite

Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Cell Parameters:
a = 17.14 Å, b = 4.86 Å, c = 5.54 Å
β = 91°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 3.527 : 1 : 1.14
Unit Cell Volume:
V 461.41 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:
Crystals rough, prismatic [001].
Twinning:
Lamellar twins, with composition face {010}.

Type Occurrence of Thoreaulite

Type Locality:
ⓘ Manono Mine, Katanga (Shaba), Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre)

Relationship of Thoreaulite to other Species

Series:
Forms a series with Foordite (see here)
Member of:
Foordite Group
Other Members of Group:
FoorditeSn2+(Nb,Ta)2O6
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):
4.DG.05Euxenite-(Y)(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6
4.DG.05Fersmite(Ca,Ce,Na)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2(O,OH,F)6
4.DG.05Kobeite-(Y)(REE,Fe,U)3 Zr(Ti,Nb)3 O12
4.DG.05Loranskite-(Y)(Y,Ce,Ca)ZrTaO6 (?)
4.DG.05Polycrase-(Y)Y(Ti,Nb)2(O,OH)6
4.DG.05Tanteuxenite-(Y)Y(Ta,Nb,Ti)2(O,OH)6
4.DG.05Uranopolycrase(U4+,Y)(Ti,Nb)2O6
4.DG.05Yttrocrasite-(Y)(Y,Th,Ca,U)(Ti,Fe)2(O,OH)6
4.DG.10Fergusonite-(Y)-βYNbO4
4.DG.10Fergusonite-(Nd)-β(Nd,Ce)NbO4
4.DG.10Fergusonite-(Ce)-β(Ce,La,Nd)NbO4
4.DG.10Yttrotantalite-(Y)(Y,U4+,Fe2+)(Ta,Nb)(O,OH)4
4.DG.10Beta-Fergusonite-(Nd)(Nd,Ce)NbO4
4.DG.15FoorditeSn2+(Nb,Ta)2O6
4.DG.20RaspitePb(WO4)
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:
18.1.1LithiotantiteLiTa3O8
18.1.2LueshiteNaNbO3
18.1.3NatroniobiteNaNbO3
18.1.4FranconiteNa(Nb2O5)(OH) · 3H2O
18.1.5NatrotantiteNa2Ta4O11
18.1.6IrtyshiteNa2(Ta,Nb)4O11
18.1.7Rankamaite(Na,K)3(Ta,Nb,Al)11(O,OH)31
18.1.8Hydropyrochlore(H2O,□)2Nb2(O,OH)6(H2O)
18.1.9CalciotantiteCaTa4O11
18.1.10RynersoniteCaTa2O6
18.1.11Microlite Group
18.1.12BelyankiniteCa1-2(Ti,Nb)5O12 · 9H2O (?)
18.1.13LatrappiteCa2NbFe3+O6
18.1.14Hochelagaite(Ca,Na,Sr)(Nb,Ti,Si,Al)4O11 · 8H2O
18.1.15Bariomicrolite (of Hogarth 1977)
18.1.16ParabariomicroliteBaTa4O10(OH)2 · 2H2O
18.1.17Bariopyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977)A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
18.1.18AlumotantiteAlTaO4
18.1.19SimpsoniteAl4(Ta,Nb)3O13(OH,F)
18.1.20Sosedkoite(K,Na)5Al2(Ta,Nb)22O60
18.1.22Stannomicrolite (of Hogarth 1977)
18.1.23FoorditeSn2+(Nb,Ta)2O6
18.1.24ChangbaiitePbNb2O6
18.1.25Plumbopyrochlore (of Skorobogatova et al.)A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
18.1.26Plumbomicrolite (of Hogarth 1977)
18.1.27StibiocolumbiteSb(Nb,Ta)O4
18.1.28StibiotantaliteSb(Ta,Nb)O4
18.1.29Natrobistantite
18.1.30Cesplumtantite(Cs,Na)2(Pb,Sb3+)3Ta8O24
18.1.31Stibiomicrolite (of Groat et al.)
18.1.32Cesstibtantite
18.1.34BismutotantaliteBi(Ta,Nb)O4
18.1.35Bismutomicrolite (of Hogarth 1977)
18.1.36Tantalite-(Mn)MnTa2O6
18.1.37Gerasimovskite(Mn,Ca)(Nb,Ti)5O12 · 9H2O
18.1.38Tapiolite-(Mn)(Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6
18.1.39Columbite-(Mn)(Mn,Fe)(Nb,Ta)2O6
18.1.40WodginiteMn2+Sn4+Ta2O8
18.1.41Ixiolite(Ta,Nb,Sn,Fe,Mn)4O8
18.1.42Columbite-(Fe)FeNb2O6
18.1.43Tantalite-(Fe)FeTa2O6
18.1.44Columbite
18.1.45Tantalite(Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6
18.1.46Tapiolite(Fe,Mn)(Ta,Nb)2O6
18.1.47Tapiolite-(Fe)(Fe,Mn)(Ta,Nb)2O6
18.1.48Columbite-(Mg)(Mg,Fe,Mn)(Nb,Ta)2O6
18.1.50Strüverite(Ti,Ta,Fe)O2
18.1.51 Staringite(Fe,Mn)x(Ta,Nb)2xSn6-3xO12

Other Names for Thoreaulite

Synonyms:

Thorolite

Name in Other Languages:
Simplified Chinese:钽锡矿

Other Information

Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Thoreaulite

Reference List:
Buttgenbach, H.(1933): La thoreaulite, nouvelle espéce minérale. Annales de la Société géologique de Belgique. 56: 327-328

American Mineralogist (1934): 19: 236.

Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1944), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume I: Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 802.

American Mineralogist (1970): 55: 367-377.

American Mineralogist (1974): 59: 1026-1039.

Canadian Mineralogist (1988): 26: 899-903. (structure {Foordite}).

Internet Links for Thoreaulite

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https://www.mindat.org/min-3943.html
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    • Localities for Thoreaulite

    This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    (TL) indicates type locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) indicates first recorded locality for everything else. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Brazil
     
    • Minas Gerais
      • Itinga
        • Monte Belo
    		[MinRec 12:74]; Daniel Atencio, Reynaldo R. Contreira Fo., Stuart J. Mills, Jose M.V. Coutinho, Sara B. Honorato, Alejandro P. Ayala, Javier Ellena, and Marcelo B. de Andrade (2011) Rankamaite from the Urubu pegmatite, Itinga, Minas Gerais, Brazil: crystal chemistry and Rietveld refinement. Am. Mineral. 96, 1455–1460.
    China
     
    • Heilongjiang Province (Manchuria; Dongbei Region)
      • Hegang Prefecture
        • Luobei Co.
    		Deshi Lu (1993): Geology and Prospecting 29(6), 8-12
    Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre) (TL)
     
    • Katanga (Shaba)
    		Buttgenbach, H.(1933): La thoreaulite, nouvelle espéce minérale. Annales de la Société géologique de Belgique. 56: 327-328
    • Maniema
    		Henri Buttgenbach (1947) Les minéraux de Belgique et du Congo belge
    Uher, P., Cerny, P., & Chapman, R. (2008). Foordite-thoreaulite, Sn2+ Nb2O6Sn2+ Ta2O6: compositional variations and alteration products. European Journal of Mineralogy, 20(4), 501-516.
    • Nord-Kivu
    		Vik Vanrusselt photo & specimen (Ex Rik Dillen specimen)
    Kazakhstan
     
    • Eastern Kazakhstan Province (Shyghys Qazaqstan Oblysy; Vostochno-Kazakhstanskaya Oblast')
      • Kalba Range
        • Irtysh River
    		Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
    Voloshin, A.V., Pakomovskii, Ya.A., Stepanov, V.I., Tyusheva, F.N. (1983): Lithiotantite, Li,(Ta,Nb)3O8, a new mineral from granite pegmatites of Eastern Kazakhstan. Mineralogiceskij Zhurnal, 5(1), 91-95. Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
    Rwanda
     
    • Western Province
      • Gatumba District
    		Bertossa, A., 1967. Inventaire des minéraux du Rwanda. Bulletin du Service Géologique de Rwanda 4, 25-45.
      • Kabaya District
    		Ann. Soc. Geol. Belgique, Vol. 73, No. 8, p. 213-218, 1950.
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