Variscite
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About Variscite
Formula:
AlPO4 · 2H2O
Colour:
Pale to emerald-green, bluish green, colourless to white, pale shades of brown or yellow, rarely red; Colourless to pale green in transmitted light.
Lustre:
Vitreous, Waxy
Hardness:
3½ - 4½
Specific Gravity:
2.57 - 2.61
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Member of:
Name:
For Variscia, an old name for Vogtland, the German district where the mineral was first discovered.
Type Locality:
Dimorph of:
Variscite-Strengite Series.
The orthorhombic dimorph of Metavariscite.
Pseudo-tetragonal-dipyramidal crystals may be confused with wardite.
Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Variscite.
The orthorhombic dimorph of Metavariscite.
Pseudo-tetragonal-dipyramidal crystals may be confused with wardite.
Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Variscite.
Classification of Variscite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
Approval Year:
1967
7/C.09-50
8.CD.10
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
C : Phosphates without additional anions, with H2O
D : With only medium-sized cations, RO4:H2O = 1:2
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
C : Phosphates without additional anions, with H2O
D : With only medium-sized cations, RO4:H2O = 1:2
40.4.1.1
40 : HYDRATED NORMAL PHOSPHATES,ARSENATES AND VANADATES
4 : (AB)5(XO4)2·xH2O
40 : HYDRATED NORMAL PHOSPHATES,ARSENATES AND VANADATES
4 : (AB)5(XO4)2·xH2O
19.7.5
19 : Phosphates
7 : Phosphates of Al alone
19 : Phosphates
7 : Phosphates of Al alone
Physical Properties of Variscite
Vitreous, Waxy
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Pale to emerald-green, bluish green, colourless to white, pale shades of brown or yellow, rarely red; Colourless to pale green in transmitted light.
Streak:
White
Hardness:
3½ - 4½ on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
Good on {010}, poor on {001}.
Good on {010}, poor on {001}.
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven, Splintery
Comment:
Sub-conchoidal to conchoidal when fine-grained or glassy.
Density:
2.57 - 2.61 g/cm3 (Measured) 2.59 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Comment:
Density of 2.2 to 2.5 observed in microcrystalline and massive varieties.
Optical Data of Variscite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.563 nβ = 1.588 nγ = 1.594
2V:
Measured: 50° , Calculated: 50°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.031

Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
r < v perceptible
Chemical Properties of Variscite
Formula:
AlPO4 · 2H2O
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
Fe,As
Crystallography of Variscite
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Space Group:
Pbca
Cell Parameters:
a = 9.822 Å, b = 8.561 Å, c = 9.63 Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.147 : 1 : 1.125
Unit Cell V:
808.81 ų
Z:
8
Morphology:
Uncommon in crystals, pseudo-octahedral {111}, with {001} and additional forms as modifying faces only, lathlike. Commonly fine-grained massive, nodular, stalagtitic, crustiform, veinlets; chalcedonic, opaline.
Twinning:
On {201}, rare.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Image Loading
Radiation - Copper Kα
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Type Occurrence of Variscite
Synonyms of Variscite
Other Language Names for Variscite
Varieties of Variscite
Ferrian Variscite | An iron-bearing variety of variscite. Formed by the action of phosphatic solutions derived from guano on aluminous igneous rocks. |
Gelvariscite | A gel or colloidal form of Variscite |
Redondite | Contains Fe''' in substitution for Al. |
Relationship of Variscite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Mansfieldite | AlAsO4 · 2H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbca |
Scorodite | Fe3+AsO4 · 2H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
Strengite | FePO4 · 2H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbca |
Yanomamite | InAsO4 · 2H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbca |
Forms a series with:
Common Associates
Apatite | "Apatite" is a field term for unidentified calcium phosphate members of the apatite group. |
Chalcedony | SiO2 |
Crandallite | CaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 |
Limonite | (Fe,O,OH,H2O) |
Metavariscite | AlPO4 · 2H2O |
Wavellite | Al3(PO4)2(OH,F)3 · 5H2O |
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
Crandallite | 155 photos of Variscite associated with Crandallite on mindat.org. |
Wardite | 119 photos of Variscite associated with Wardite on mindat.org. |
Wavellite | 80 photos of Variscite associated with Wavellite on mindat.org. |
Quartz | 35 photos of Variscite associated with Quartz on mindat.org. |
Turquoise | 24 photos of Variscite associated with Turquoise on mindat.org. |
Metavariscite | 24 photos of Variscite associated with Metavariscite on mindat.org. |
Strengite | 24 photos of Variscite associated with Strengite on mindat.org. |
Albite | 20 photos of Variscite associated with Albite on mindat.org. |
Montgomeryite | 20 photos of Variscite associated with Montgomeryite on mindat.org. |
Rockbridgeite | 15 photos of Variscite associated with Rockbridgeite on mindat.org. |
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping
8.CD. | Castellaroite | Mn2+3(AsO4)2·4H2O | Mon. 2/m |
8.CD.05 | Kolbeckite | ScPO4 · 2H2O | Mon. 2/m |
8.CD.05 | Metavariscite | AlPO4 · 2H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
8.CD.05 | Phosphosiderite | FePO4 · 2H2O | Mon. 2/m |
8.CD.05 | UM2005-02-AsO:AlHPScSi | ScAsO4 · 2H2O | |
8.CD.10 | Mansfieldite | AlAsO4 · 2H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbca |
8.CD.10 | Scorodite | Fe3+AsO4 · 2H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
8.CD.10 | Strengite | FePO4 · 2H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbca |
8.CD.10 | Yanomamite | InAsO4 · 2H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbca |
8.CD.15 | Parascorodite | FeAsO4 · 2H2O | Trig. |
8.CD.20 | Ludlamite | Fe2+3(PO4)2 · 4H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
8.CD.25 | Sterlinghillite | Mn3(AsO4)2 · 4H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
8.CD.30 | Rollandite | Cu3(AsO4)2 · 4H2O | Orth. |
Related Minerals - Dana Grouping (8th Ed.)
40.4.1.2 | Strengite | FePO4 · 2H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbca |
40.4.1.3 | Scorodite | Fe3+AsO4 · 2H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
40.4.1.4 | Mansfieldite | AlAsO4 · 2H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbca |
40.4.1.5 | Yanomamite | InAsO4 · 2H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbca |
Related Minerals - Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals Grouping
19.7.1 | Berlinite | AlPO4 | Trig. 3 2 : P31 2 1 |
19.7.2 | Augelite | Al2(PO4)(OH)3 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
19.7.3 | Trolleite | Al4(PO4)3(OH)3 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
19.7.4 | Senegalite | Al2(PO4)(OH)(OH)2 · H2O | Orth. mm2 |
19.7.6 | Metavariscite | AlPO4 · 2H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
19.7.7 | Bolivarite | Al2(PO4)(OH)3 · 4-5H2O | Amor. |
19.7.8 | Wavellite | Al3(PO4)2(OH,F)3 · 5H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
19.7.9 | Evansite | Al3(PO4)(OH)6 · 6H2O | Amor. |
19.7.10 | Vantasselite | Al4(PO4)3(OH)3 · 9H2O | Orth. |
19.7.11 | Kingite | Al3(PO4)2F2(OH) · 7H2O | Tric. |
19.7.12 | Vashegyite | Al11(PO4)9(OH)6 · 38H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
Other Information
Notes:
Soluble in alkalies. Slightly soluble in HCl (fine-grained or chalcedonic material).
Easily altered by alkaline solutions containing alkaline earths or alkalies, yielding secondary minerals including crandallite, wardite, Montgomeryite, etc.
Easily altered by alkaline solutions containing alkaline earths or alkalies, yielding secondary minerals including crandallite, wardite, Montgomeryite, etc.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Industrial Uses:
Gemstones & jewelry.
References for Variscite
Reference List:
Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)
Breithaupt (1830) Journal für Chemie und Physik, Nuremberg: 60: 308 (as Peganite).
Breithaupt (1837) Journal für praktische Chemie, Leipzig: 10: 506.
Chester (1878) American Journal of Science: 15: 207.
Kunz (1895) USGS 16th Annual Report, part 4: 602 (as Utahlite).
Tschirwinsky (1904) Ann. géol. min. Russie: 7: 28.
Sterrett (1908) USGS Mineral Resources, part 2: 832 (as Amatrice).
Sterrett (1909) USGS Mineral Resources, part 2: 853 (as Chlor-utahlite).
Pisani analysis in: Lacroix, A. (1910) Minéralogie de la France et des ses colonies, Paris. 5 volumes: vol. 4: 480-481.
Pelloux (1912) Ann. Mus. Genova: 5: 470.
Schaller (1912) Proceedings of the U.S. National Museum: 41: 413.
Schaller (1912) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 50: 321.
Schaller (1916) USGS Bull. 610: 56 (as Lucinite).
Moschetti (1918) Acc. Torino, Att.: 53: 1062.
Loczka analysis in: Ulrich (1922) Rozpr. České Ak., Cl. 2, 31, no. 10.
Larsen, E.S. and Schaller (1925).
Machatschki (1929) Centralblatt für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paleontologie, Stuttgart: 321.
Ulrich (1930) Rozpr. České Ak., Cl. 2, 39, no. 17 (as Alpha-variscite).
Hintze, Carl (1933) Handbuch der Mineralogie. Berlin and Leipzig. 6 volumes: 1 [4A]: 1283, 1288.
Strunz and Sztrókay (1939) Zentralblatt Mineralien: 272.
McConnell (1940) American Mineralogist: 25: 719.
Kolbeck (1941) Mineralogische und petrographische Mitteilungen, Vienna: 52: 363.
Larsen, E.S. (1942) American Mineralogist: 27: 281.
Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 756-761.
American Mineralogist (1972): 57: 36-44.
Acta Crystallographica (1977): B33: 263.
Anthony, J.W., Bideaux, R.A., Bladh, K.W., and Nichols, M.C. (2000) Handbook of Mineralogy, Volume IV. Arsenates, Phosphates, Vanadates. Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson, AZ, 680pp.: 621.
Internet Links for Variscite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-4156.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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Localities for Variscite
Locality List




All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Antigua and Barbuda | |
Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 760. | |
Argentina | |
| Mr. Nelson Valenzuela. |
| Milka K. de Brodtkorb (2002) Las Especies Minerales de la Republica Argentina. Vol. 1 (elements, sulphides and sulphosalts). (Asociacion Mineralogica Argentina) |
Australia | |
| Rocks & Min.:64(5):410. |
| Podgson RE, Osborne RAL, Colchester DM, Minerals of Jenolan Caves, New South Wales, Australia: Geological and Biological Interactions, Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 134, 1-18. |
| Australian Min. 3:1 (1997) |
| Hosking, A. J. (1995). EL 8607 Tosca, first annual-final report for year ending 15-06-1995. |
No reference listed | |
| Murray, C G (1973): Fluellite and Minyulite from Wolffdene, near Beenleigh, Queensland - Geological Survey of Queensland, Government Mining Journal August 1973, No.862 pp 271-274 |
| Dion Glastra M. collection |
| Day, B. E. & Beyer, B. D. (1996): Some mines of the Mt Isa district. Part 3 - The Mt Oxide mine. Australian J. of Mineralogy 2 (1), 3-10. |
| Duggan, et al., Canadian Mineralogist 28,125-131(1990); Duggan, M. B., Jones, M. T., Richards, D. N., & Kamprad, J. L. (1990). Phosphate minerals in altered andesite from Mount Perry, Queensland, Australia. Canadian Mineralogist, 28, 125-131. |
| Francis, G.L., 2010. Minerals from the South Middleback Range deposits 2003-2008. (self published) 44pp. |
| Pilkington, E. S., Segnit, E. R., Watts, J. and Francis, G. (1979): Kleemanite, a new zinc aluminium phosphate. Mineralogical Magazine 43, 93-95. |
| Harrowfield, I. R., Segnit, E. R., & Watts, J. A. (1981). Aldermanite, a new magnesium aluminium phosphate. Mineralogical Magazine, 44(333), 59-62. |
| Australian Journal of Mineralogy vol.16: 26-27 |
Frost, R.L., S.J. Mills, and K.L. Erickson, (2004), Thermal decomposition of peisleyite: a thermogravimetry and hot stage Raman spectroscopic study. Thermochimica Acta, 419(1-2): p. 109-114.; | |
| Francis, G.L., Peisley, V., 2012. Minerals from Fairview and St John's phosphate deposits, South Australia. (self published). |
| Hosking, A. J. (1995). EL 8607 Tosca, first annual-final report for year ending 15-06-1995. |
| Bottrill & Baker (in prep) Catalogue of minerals of Tasmania |
| Bottrill & Baker (in prep) Catalogue of minerals of Tasmania |
| Ralph Bottrill et al in prep. |
Bottrill RS & Baker, WE (in prep) Catalogue of Minerals of Tasmania. Mineral Resources Tasmania | |
| W.D.Birch & D.A.Henry 1993. Phosphate Minerals of Victoria. The Mineralogical Society of Victoria special publication No. 3 pp 67-77 |
| Birch, W.D. & Henry D.A. (1993) Phosphate Minerals of Victoria. The Mineralogical Society of Victoria - Special publication No.3 (192p) pp.83-90. |
| W. D. Birch and D. A. Henry in Phosphate Minerals of Victoria, p.83-90. |
| Museum Victoria Mineralogy Collection; Birch, W. D. & Henry, D. A. (1993) Phosphate minerals of Victoria. The Mineralogical Society of Victoria special publication No. 3, pp. 79-81 |
| |
| No reference listed |
| Downes, P. J., Hope, M., Bevan, A. W. R. and Henry, D. A. (2006): Chalcocite and associated secondary minerals from the Telfer gold mine, Western Australia. Australian Journal of Mineralogy 12, 25-42. |
| Mineralogical Magazine 39,577-579(1974); |
Fetherston, J., Stocklmayer, S., Stocklmayer, V.(2013): Gemstones of WA, Geological Survey of WA | |
Fetherston, J., Stocklmayer, S., Stocklmayer, V.(2013): Gemstones of WA, Geological Survey of WA | |
| Fetherston, J., Stocklmayer, S., Stocklmayer, V.(2013): Gemstones of WA, Geological Survey of WA |
| Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp. 760. |
Simpson, E.S. (1931-1932) Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia: 18: 69. Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951) The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 936. | |
| Nickel, E. H. et al. (2008): The Woodlands variscite-gold occurrence in the north Gascoyne region of Western Australia. Australian Journal of Mineralogy 14, 27-36. |
Austria | |
| R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993) |
| Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 759. |
| Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 759; R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993) |
Belgium | |
| Schnorrer-Köhler, G., (1988): Mineralogische Notizen IV, Der Aufschluss, Vol. 39, 153-168 |
| Hatert, F., Deliens, M., Fransolet, A.-M. & van der Meersche, E. (2002): Les minéraux de Belgique. 2ème édition, Muséum des Sciences Naturelles, Bruxelles, Ed., 304 p. |
| Daltry, Vaughn & Deliens, Michel (1994) The Type Mineralogy of Belgium . Annals of the Belgium Geological Society 116:15-28 |
Hatert, F., Deliens, M., Fransolet, A.-M. & van der Meersche, E. (2002): Les minéraux de Belgique. 2ème édition, Muséum des Sciences Naturelles, Bruxelles, Ed., 304 p. | |
Bolivia | |
| [MinRec 32:472] |
| [MinRec 32:474] |
| Kempff, O., Paar, W.H., Tawackoli, S.: "Minerales de Bolivia", 115pp (La Paz, 2009) |
Brazil | |
Rui Nunes December 2010 | |
| Sioeira, N. v. m. e., & DE Oliveira, N. p. 0 (1982) Padrão DE Distribuição DE Elementos Principais E Traços'nas Lateritas Fosfatadas Da Chapada DE Pirocaua (Ha). |
| P Haas collection |
| Collection from Elmar Lackner. New find from 2006. |
Field Trip Guide, Eastern Brazilian Pegmatite Province, 4th International Symposium on Granitic Pegmatites, 2009; Scholz R, Chukanov N V, Menezes L A D, Atencio D, Lagoeiro L, Belotti F M, Chaves M L S C, Romano A W, Brandão P R, Belakovskiy D I, Pekov I (2014) Césarferreiraite, Fe2+Fe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)28·H2O, from Eduardo mine, Conselheiro Pena, Minas Gerais, Brazil: Second arsenate in the laueite mineral group. American Mineralogist 99, 607-611 | |
| Rob Lavinsky specimen |
Cassedanne, J.P. & Baptista, A. (1999): Famous Mineral Localities: The Sapucaia Pegmatite Minas Gerais, Brazil. Mineralogical Record, 30: 347-360 + 365 | |
| Luiz Alberto Dias Menezes,Fo. |
No reference listed | |
Robinson, G.W. (1993): What's New in Minerals ? Mineralogical Record 24: 49 | |
| Lemos, V. P., & da Costa, M. C. (1989). Mineralogical aspects of the laterites of Maicuru. Sociedade Brasileira de Geoquimica, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil); 531 p; 1989; p. 375-384; 13. International Geochemical Exploration Symposium. 2. Brazilian Geochemical Congress; Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil); 1-6 Oct 1989 |
| Am Min (1955) 40:55-63 |
Bulgaria | |
| Kunov, A. & Petrov, P. (2001): Beaverite from the Chala gold-base metal ore deposit: a new mineral for Bulgaria. Geokhimiya, Mineralogiya i Petrologiya 38, 67-71.; Hikov, A., N. Velinova, S. Georgieva, A. Kunov (2011) Aluminium-phosphate-sulphate (APS) minerals in Bulgaria: characteristics and possibility for preservation. - In: V Intern. Symp. “Mineral Diversity Research and Preservation”, 9-15 October 2009, Sofia, Working papers, 37-48. |
| Kunov, A. & Mandova, E. (1997): Supergene minerals of the Obichnik Au-Ag deposit (Eastern Rhodopes). Spisanie na Bulgarskoto Geologichesko Druzhestvo 58, 19-24. (in Bulgarian) |
Canada | |
| Can Min vol 25 pp 221-226 (1987) |
| Maggie Wilson |
Cape Verde | |
| Figueiredo, M. O.; Pereira da Silva, T.; Veiga, J. P.; Chevallier, P. (2003): Phosphatization of basaltic rocks from Sal Island, Cape Verde Archipelago: A microtopochemical approach using synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence. Journal de Physique IV: Proceedings, 104 (X-Ray Microscopy), 399-402. |
China | |
| Zhaolin Li, Jinzhang Zhang, Qizhi Wu, and Zhonghui Ouyang (1983): Mineral Deposits 2(2) |
| Xunyi Wang (1982): Acta Mineralogica Sinica 2(2), 154-156 |
| Orris, G.J., and Grauch, R.I. (2002): USGS Open-File Report 02-189. |
| Damao Wu and Yansong Tan (1981): Geology and Prospecting 17(9), 34-36; Anthony, J.W. et al.: Handbook of Mineralogy |
Hunan 230 Laboratory, Hunan 305 Geological Team, Wuhan Geological Institution X-ray Laboratory (1976): Acta Geologica Sinica 50(2), 203-204. | |
| Rengui Wu and Dagan Yu (2000): Uranium Geology 16(4), 204-211 |
| Rengui Wu and Dagan Yu (2000): Uranium Geology 16(4), 204-211 |
| Yunhuai Lin and Shiyang Chen (1985): Geology and Prospecting 21(3), 23-31 |
| Mangen Li, Baoqun Hu, Lihong Bai, Guolin Guo, Zhengqi Wang, and Zhenxing Wang (2007): Geotectonica et Metallogenia 31(3), 353-358 |
| Rengui Wu and Dagan Yu (2000): Uranium Geology 16(4), 204-211 |
| Keqiao Chen, Tinggao Yu, Cunhuan Huang, and Zhizhong Peng (1981): Geological Review 27(4), 360-364 |
| Denghong Wang, Yuchuan Chen, and Zhigang Xu (2001): Acta Geologica Sinica 80(3), 419-425 |
Colombia | |
| Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 760. |
Czech Republic | |
| Vrtiška L., Malíková R., Sejkora J. (2016): An interresting phosphate occurence around líštěnec near Votice (Czech Republic). Bulletin mineralogicko-petrologického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze 24 (1): 114-131. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/310616264_An_interresting_phosphate_occurence_around_listenec_near_votice_Czech_republic |
| Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 759; Pauliš, P.: Nejzajímavější mineralogická naleziště Čech. Kutná Hora: Kuttna, 2000, s. 101. |
Zepharovich (1867) Königliche Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Sitzber.: 56: 24. | |
Černý P., Černý P., Vrtiška L., Malíková R., Exnar P. (2015) Jarosit a doprovodné minerály z opuštěného lomu Milina u Zaječova (Česká republika). Bull., mineral.-petrolog. Odd. Nár. Muz. (Praha) 23, 2, 242-246. ISSN 1211-0329. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305164945_Jarosite_and_accompanying_minerals_from_abandoned_quarry_Milina_near_Zajecov_Czech_Republic | |
| Vrtiška L., Loun J., Malíková R., Sejkora J. (2016):Fluorwavellit a variscit z Počepic u Sedlčan (Česká republika)_(Fluorwavellite and variscite from Počepice near Sedlčany (Czech Republic)), Bull. mineral.-petrolog. Odd. Nár. Muz. 24, 2, 285-297. (with english abstract) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318109106_Fluorwavellite_and_variscite_from_Pocepice_near_Sedlcany_Czech_Republic |
| Sejkora, J., Ondruš, P., Fikar, M., Veselovský, F., Mach, Z. & Gabašová, A. (2006): New data on mineralogy of the Vysoký Kámen deposits near Krásno, Slavkovský les area, Czech Republic. Journal of the Czech Geological Society 51, 43-55. |
| Pauliš, P.: Dufrenit z Poniklé v Krkonoších. Minerál, 2003, r. 11, č. 3, str. 166 – 168 |
| Janouš, F.: Minerály z Kněží hory u Těškova (okres Rokycany), Minerál, 1995, roč. 3, č. 6, s. 367-369. |
| Sejkora J., Cícha J., Jebavá I.: Minerální asociace fosfátů z Čížové u Písku (Česká republika). Bulletin mineralogicko-petrografického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze, 2011, 19, 1, 1-26. |
| Vrtiška L, Sejkora J, Malíková R, Kadlec T (2017) Revize a nové nálezy fosfátů na historickém nalezišti Černovice u Tábora (Česká republika). Bull Mineral Petrolog 25(2) |
| Roman Gramblička collection |
Democratic Republic of the Congo | |
| MinRec 20:287-288 |
| Nasraoui, M., Bilal, E., & Gibert, R. (1999). Fresh and weathered pyrochlore studies by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy coupled with thermal analysis. Mineralogical Magazine, 63(4), 567-567. |
| Mills, S. J., Birch, W. D., Kampf, A. R. & van Wambeke, L. (2010) Kobokoboite, Al6(PO4)4(OH)6•11H2O, a new mineral from the Kobokobo pegmatite, Democratic Republic of the Congo. European Journal of Mineralogy, 22(2) |
France | |
| Frank de Wit collection; Uwe Kolitsch collection and SXRD-analysis |
Y. Vessely collection | |
Luigi Chiappino collection | |
Le Règne Minéral, (33), 5-25. | |
| Pirard, C., Hatert, F., and Fransolet, A.-M. (2007) Alteration sequences of aluminium phosphates from Montebras Pegmatite, Massif Central, France. Granitic Pegmatites: The State of the Art – International Symposium. 06th – 12th May 2007, Porto, Portugal.; Patureau, J., Chiaperro, P.-J., and Lebocey, J. (2011) Mines et minéraux de Montebras, Soumans (Creuse). Le Règne Minéral, 99, 5-33. |
| Jean-Marie Laurent Collection |
| Berbain,C., Riley, T., Favreau, G., (2012): Phosphates des pegmatites du massif des Albères (Pyrénées-Orientales). Le Cahier des Micromonteurs. 117, 121-172 |
| BERBAIN. C, RILEY. T, FAVREAU. G, (2012) Phosphates des pegmatites du massif des Albères. Ed Association Française de Microminéralogie |
| GAYRAUD, L. (2010): Gisement de phosphates de Castelnau-de-Brassac aux environs de Fumade (Tarn), Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, 107, 12-17. |
| Lheur C. (1993), Les minéralisations de l'ancienne carrière de La Floquerie près de Pannecé (Loire-Atlantique), Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, n°4, pp: 14-21 |
French West Indies | |
| Lacroix, A. (1910): Minéralogie de la France et de ses colonies, Librairie Polytechnique, Ch. Béranger Editeur, Tome IV, 482. |
| Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 760. |
Germany | |
| Meier, S. (2007): Das Flötztal im südlichen Fichtelgebirge. Lapis 32, 17-20; 58. |
| Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990 |
| Mücke, A. & Keck, E. (2011): Karbonate aus dem Pegmatit von Hagendorf-Süd/Opf.: Zusammensetzung, Verbreitung und begleitende Phosphat-Mineralien (Apatit, Hagendorfit und Eosphorit-Gruppe) - darunter einige Neufunde (Triplit, Mineralien der Arrojadit-Dickinsonit Reihe, Goyazit und Variscit). Aufschluss 62, 87-117.; Grey, I. E., Macrae, C. M., Keck, E., & Birch, W. D. (2012). Aluminium-bearing strunzite derived from jahnsite at the Hagendorf-Süd pegmatite, Germany. Mineralogical Magazine, 76(5), 1165-1174. |
Dill, H. G., Weber, B., Gerdes, A., & Melcher, F. (2008). The Fe-Mn phosphate apliteSilbergrube'near Waidhaus, Germany: epithermal phosphate mineralization in the Hagendorf-Pleystein pegmatite province. Mineralogical Magazine, 72(5), 1119-1144. | |
| A. Wittern: Mineralfundorte in Deutschland, Schweizerbart (Stuttgart), 2001 |
| Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990 |
| Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990 |
| Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001 |
| Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001 |
| Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001 |
Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990 | |
| S. Weiß: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990 |
| https://www.mineralienatlas.de/lexikon/index.php/Deutschland/Rheinland-Pfalz/Rhein-Lahn-Kreis/Katzenelnbogen/Grube%20Zollhaus |
| in the collection of Christof Schäfer |
| Gröbner, J., W. Hajek, R. Junker & J. Nikoleizig (2011). Neue Mineralienschätze des Harzes. S.112. Papierflieger-Verlag, Clausthal-Zellerfeld. |
| Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 759. |
| Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001 |
Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001 | |
| Witzke, T. & Giesler, T. (2013): Seltene Phosphate und Vanadate von Emmerichswalde bei Görlitz/Sachsen. Mineralien-Welt 24 (2), 40-55 |
| Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001; Witzke, T. & Giesler, T. (2007): Der Schieferabbau Pansberg bei Horscha in der Lausitz, Sachsen. Lapis 32 (7-8), 68-73; 86. |
| Journ.prakt.Chem.(1837) 10, 506; Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 759. |
| T. Witzke & F. Rüger: Lapis 1998(7/8), 26-64 |
T. Witzke & F. Rüger: Lapis 1998(7/8), 26-64 | |
T. Witzke & F. Rüger: Lapis 1998(7/8), 26-64 | |
| Pestel, S. & Kasiske, J. (2007): Fundstellen im Vogtland: Jarosit-Kristalle aus Weckersdorf. Mineralien-Welt 18(5), 32-34. |
Hungary | |
| Szakáll: 100 Hungarian Mineral Loc., 2004 |
Iceland | |
| Carson, G. L. (2015). Hydrothermal Acid-sulfate Alteration at Krafla and Námafjall, Ne Iceland: Implications for Gusev Crater and Meridiani Planum, Mars. Masters thesis, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. |
Iran | |
| Yaghubpur, A., and Mehrabi, B. (1997): J. Sci. I. R. Iran 8(2), 117-126. |
Ireland | |
| No reference listed |
Italy | |
| Marini, C., Gimeno, D., Sistu, G. (1989) Le mineralizzazioni a variscite del Sarrabus (Sardegna SE). Bollettino della Società Geologica Italiana, 108, 2, 357-367; Stara, P., Rizzo, R., Brizzi, G. (1993) Sarrabus. Miniere e Minerali. Associazione Mineralogica Sarda, Gruppo Mineralogico Lombardo, Associazione Piemontese Mineralogia Paleontologia e Mostra Torinese Minerali, Centro Mineralogico Varesino, Amici Mineralogisti Fiorentini, Gruppo Mineralogico Paleontologico Piacentino, et al., Stige Milano Srl, Milano, 208 pp. |
| Marini, C., Gimeno, D., Sistu, G. (1989) Le mineralizzazioni a variscite del Sarrabus (Sardegna SE). Bollettino della Società Geologica Italiana, 108, 2, 357-367; Stara, P., Rizzo, R., Brizzi, G. (1993) Sarrabus. Miniere e Minerali. Associazione Mineralogica Sarda, Gruppo Mineralogico Lombardo, Associazione Piemontese Mineralogia Paleontologia e Mostra Torinese Minerali, Centro Mineralogico Varesino, Amici Mineralogisti Fiorentini, Gruppo Mineralogico Paleontologico Piacentino, et al., Stige Milano Srl, Milano, 208 pp. |
| Pelloux, A. (1912) Variscite del Sarrabus (Sardegna). Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, serie 3a, 45, 470-472; Sitzia R. (1966) Spettri I.R. di alcuni fosfati naturali. Rendiconti del Seminario della Facoltà di Scienze dell'Università di Cagliari, 36, 1-11; Marchesini, A., De Michele, V. (1967) Su un affioramento fosfatico nel Sarrabus (Sardegna). Nota Preliminare. Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali, 106, 2, 167-170; Conti-Vecchi, G. (1971) La variscite di Villaputzu (Sardegna centro-orientale). Rendiconti del Seminario della Facoltà di Scienze dell'Università di Cagliari, 41, 7-13; Marini, C., Gimeno, D., Sistu, G. (1989) Le mineralizzazioni a variscite del Sarrabus (Sardegna SE). Bollettino della Società Geologica Italiana, 108, 2, 357-367; Stara, P., Rizzo, R., Brizzi, G. (1993) Sarrabus. Miniere e Minerali. Associazione Mineralogica Sarda, Gruppo Mineralogico Lombardo, Associazione Piemontese Mineralogia Paleontologia e Mostra Torinese Minerali, Centro Mineralogico Varesino, Amici Mineralogisti Fiorentini, Gruppo Mineralogico Paleontologico Piacentino, et al., Stige Milano Srl, Milano, 208 pp. |
| Senesi F., 2000. Koninckite e altri fosfati della miniera del Pollone (Valdicastello Carducci, Lucca). Riv. Miner. Ital., 1: 46-48. |
Japan | |
| Ito (1975) Chigaku Kenkyu, 26, 217-220. |
| Takashi Yamada, Tokuhei Tagai, Takeshi Kojiro, Akira Harada, and Yasuhiro Kosuge (1999) Rare Minerals from Kawazu Mine, Shizuoka Prefecture. Chikyu-Wakusei Godo-Taikai Koen-Yoshi (Abstract of the Joint Meeting of the Societies of Earth and Planetary Sciences), conference presentation, Mc-002 |
| Matsubara, S. & A. Kato: Phosphates from the Hinomaru-Nako mine, Abu-cho, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Western Japan: Mem.Natn.Sci.Mus., Tokyo, 30,167-183(1998) |
| Yamada, S. (2004) Nihonsan-koubutsu Gojuon-hairetsu Sanchi-ichiranhyou (111 pp.) |
Kazakhstan | |
| Ankinovich, E.A, Bekenova, G.K., Shabanova, T.A., Zazubina, I.S., and Sandomirskaya, S.M. (1997): Mitryaevaite, Al10((PO4)8.7(SO3OH)1.3)10AlF3.3OH2O, a new mineral species from a Cambrian carbonaceous chert formation, Karatau Range and Zhabagly Mountains, Southern Kazakhstan. Canadian Mineralogist 35(6), 1415-1419. |
Kyrgyzstan | |
| Karpenko, V.Yu. et al. Zapiski RMO 138(1)83(2009) |
Liberia | |
| Sam Rosenblum and S.P. Srivastava (1979) The Bambuta phosphate deposit, Liberia; a reconnaissance report. USGS Bulletin 1480 |
Malaysia | |
| Mineralogical Magazine (1983): 47: 79-80. |
Mali | |
| Gineste, C. (2012): N'golokasso, une occurrence de phosphates dans le Sud Mali. Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, 3-2012, 110-120 |
Mexico | |
| Forti, P. et al. (2006): ACTA CARSOLOGICA 35/1, 79–98. |
| Panczner (1987): 389. |
Mozambique | |
| Dias, M. Bettencourt and Wilson, W. E., 2000, Mineralogical Record, 31:459-497. |
Namibia | |
| Von Bezing, L., Bode, R., and Jahn, S., (2008) Namibia Minerals and Localities. Edition Schloss Freudenstein, Bode Verlag GmbH, Haltern. 409 (in English). |
Der Aufschluss 36:117-119 | |
Pacific Ocean | |
| Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 760. |
Peru | |
| J.Hyrsl (2012) Gemstones of Peru, p. 79 |
Poland | |
| Personally collected by Zając Piotr in 2008-2012 |
Gucwa, I.; Pelczar, A.; Wieser, T. (1960): Variscites from Wisniowka (Holy Cross Mts.). Bull. Acad. Polon. Sci., Ser. Sci., Geol. Geograph. 8 (1), 37-43.; J. Witkowski | |
Portugal | |
| Pedro Alves collection. Characterized by p-XRD |
Pedro Alves collection | |
| António Manuel Ináçio Martins collection |
| Self-find by Nuno Afonso; optical and XRD analysed |
| Pedro Alves collection |
| |
Romania | |
| Onac, B. P. (2009): ACTA CARSOLOGICA 38/1, 27-39 |
| Onac, B.P., Kearns, J., Breban, R., and Pânzaru, S.C. (2005): Proceedings of the Annual Scientific Session of The Geological Society of Romania, Rosia Montana, 20-21 May 2005, 93. |
| http://minerals-of-the-carpathians.eu |
Russia | |
| Local geolofist S.V.Kolesnichenko data |
| Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data |
Rwanda | |
| Bertossa, A., 1967. Inventaire des minéraux du Rwanda. Bulletin du Service Géologique de Rwanda 4, 25-45. |
| Bertossa, A. (1968) Inventaire des minéraux du Rwanda. Bulletin du Service Géologique de Rwanda: 4: 25-45.; Daltry, V.D.C. and von Knorring, O. (1998) Type-mineralogy of Rwanda with particular reference to the Buranga pegmatite. Geologica Belgica: 1: 9-15. |
F. Hatert, P. Lefèvre, A.M. Fransolet, M.R. Spirlet, F. Fontan, P. Keller : "Ferrorosemaryite, []NaFe2+Fe3+Al(PO4)3, a new phosphate mineral from the Rubindi pegmatite, Rwanda", Bull. Liaison S.F.M.C., Vol. 16, 2004, pp 44-45.; Lefèvre, P., Fransolet, A. M., Fontan, F., & Keller, P. Petrographic study of the Al-rich phosphate mineral associations of the Rubindi-Kabilizi pegmatite, Gatumba area, Rwanda. | |
Senegal | |
| Gineste, C. & Bantsimba, C. (2005): Sénégalite et phosphates associés de Kouroudiako, Falémé, Sénégal. Le Règne Minéral, 65, 13-24. |
Slovakia | |
| Koděra, M., a kol.: Topografická mineralogie Slovenska. Sv. 3 Sed-Ž, Bratislava, Veda 1990, s. 1247-1256. |
| Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 759. |
| Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590k |
South Africa | |
| Martini, I. (1978). Mineralogy of the Transvaal caves. South African Journal of Geology, 81(1), 47-54. |
| Minerals of South Africa |
| Martini, I. (1978). Mineralogy of the Transvaal caves. South African Journal of Geology, 81(1), 47-54. |
| Martini, J.E.J. et al (1997), "Mbobo Mkulu Cave, South Africa", in "Cave Minerals of the World" (1997) |
| Martini, I. (1978). Mineralogy of the Transvaal caves. South African Journal of Geology, 81(1), 47-54. |
| Miller, C. E., Mentzer, S. M., Berthold, C., Leach, P., Ligouis, B., Tribolo, C., ... & Porraz, G. (2016). Site-formation processes at Elands Bay Cave, South Africa. Southern African Humanities, 29(1), 69-128. |
Spain | |
| Arribas, A.; Galán, E.; Martín Pozas, J.M.; Nicolau, J. & Salvador, P. (1971): Estudio mineralógico de la variscita de Palazuelo de las Cuevas, Zamora (España). 115-132. Emilio Galan. & Salvador Mirete. ( I.G.M.E.1979): Introducción a los Minerales de España. 312. Collection J.A.CENDON. Collection Francisco Javier Gutierrez Nuez. |
Jordi Fabre | |
| F. Costa et al. , "Current Research in Geology Applied to Ore Deposits", P. Fenoll Hach-Ali et al. Editors, University of Granada, Spain, 1993. |
| Bareche, E (2005) "Els minerals de Catalunya. Segle XX" Ed. Grup Mineralògic Català, Barcelona, 269 p. |
| Bareche, E. (2005): "Els minerals de Catalunya: segle XX". Grup Mineralògic Català & Institució Catalana d'Historia Natural. Barcelona. |
| J L Bravo collection |
| Marc C collection |
| Mineralogistes de Catalunya (1997), VII (1): 34-55 |
| Joan Rosell (02/2016) |
J. Rosell (02/2016) | |
| Calvo, M. (2015): Minerales y Minas de España. Vol. VII, Fosfatos, arseniatos y vanadatos. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Minas de Madrid - Fundación Gómez Pardo. 479 pp. |
Sudan | |
| Adam, A. A., Eltayeb, M. A. H., & Ibrahim, O. B. (2014). Uranium recovery from Uro area phosphate ore, Nuba Mountains, Sudan. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 7(5), 758-769. |
Sweden | |
| Bjällerud, C-G. (1989): Phospate minerlas from the Leveäniemi Iron Mine, Svappavaara, Sweden. Mineralogical Record. 20(5):343-346 |
Taiwan | |
| James Huang |
UK | |
| Goley, P. and Williams R. (1995) Cornish Mineral Reference Manual. Endsleigh Publications |
UK Journal of Mines and Minerals, No. 14 p27 | |
| Goley, P. and Williams R. (1995) Cornish Mineral Reference Manual. Endsleigh Publications |
| BMS Database; Young, B. (1988) Wavellite and Variscite from Scar Crag Cobalt Mine, Cumbria. The Cumberland Geological Society, Proceedings 5(1):13-16. |
| Alysson Rowan Collection |
| BMS Database |
| Ian Jones collection |
Uruguay | |
| Eckel, E.B. and Milton, C. (1953) Economic Geology, 48, #6, 437-446. |
USA | |
| Min.Rec.:20(5):361. |
| Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 412. |
| Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd. ed.:66 |
Rolf Luetcke | |
| Arthur E. Smith (2008) Mineral News, 24, #8, 7-8. |
Rocks & Minerals (2010) 85:346-350 | |
Rocks & Min.:64:296. | |
Arthur E. Smith (2008) Mineral News, 24, #8, 7. | |
| Arthur E. Smith (2008) Mineral News, 24, #8, 8. |
| R&M 70:3 pp 154-170 |
| Rocks & Min.: 56:190. |
Rocks & Min.: 63:112. | |
| Rocks & Min.: 63:113; 64:294; Sick (1984). |
| Rocks & Min.:63:118. |
| Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 380; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 304, 311; www.mineralsocal.org |
| Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckel |
| Denicourt, R., Micromounters of New England program, NE meeting program, May 1984; Marc V. Hurst (2012) Central Florida Phosphate District. Southeastern Geological Society Field Trip Guidebook No. 57 |
| Marc V. Hurst (2012) Central Florida Phosphate District. Southeastern Geological Society Field Trip Guidebook No. 57 |
| Jason Smith & M.E. Ciriotti (2005) [m.ciriotti@tin.it] |
| Barwood,Henry.,(1999)Phosphate Minerals at Graves Mountain,Georgia;Graves Mountain and Magruder Mine,Southeastern Geological Society Guidebook No.38,April 23-25,1999 |
| Ream, Lanny R. 2004. Idaho Minerals, 2nd edition, Revised and Updated |
| USGS National Geochemical Database :Rocks - File D521473 |
| NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada |
NBMG Spec Pub 31 Minerals of Nevada | |
| Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 769; Rocks & Minerals, Nov. 1999. |
NBMG Spec Pub 31 Minerals of Nevada | |
NBMG Bull 78 Geology and Mineral Deposits of Esmeralda County, Nevada | |
NBMG Bull 78 Geology and Mineral Deposits of Esmeralda County, Nevada; NBMG Rept 17 Turquoise Deposits of Nevada (1968) | |
NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada | |
| NBMG Spec Pub 31 Minerals of Nevada |
NBMG Spec Pub 31 Minerals of Nevada | |
NBMG Bull 78 Geology and Mineral Deposits of Esmeralda County, Nevada | |
NBMG Spec Pub 31 Minerals of Nevada | |
| NBMG Spec Pub 31 Minerals of Nevada |
NBMG Spec Pub 31 Minerals of Nevada | |
| NBMG Bull 78 Geology and Mineral Deposits of Esmeralda County, Nevada |
| NBMG Spec Pub 31 Minerals of Nevada |
| MinRec 26(5):449-469. |
NBMG Spec Pub 31 Minerals of Nevada | |
| Mineralogical Record 26:467 |
NBMG Spec Pub 31 Minerals of Nevada | |
Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology Online Documents OF06-19 - Nevada Uranium and Thorium Occurrences | |
| NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada |
| Dr. William S. Wise presentation to Northwest Micro Mineral Study Group on 1 May 2004, Update on Mineralogy of the Silver Coin Mine, Iron Point District, Edna Mountains, Humboldt Co., Nevada |
| Rocks & Minerals, Nov. 1999 |
NBMG Spec Pub 31 Minerals of Nevada | |
| NBMG Spec Pub 31 Minerals of Nevada |
| NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada |
| Rockpick Legend specimen |
NBMG Spec Pub 31 Minerals of Nevada | |
Dr. Tony Kampf of the Los Angeles Museum of Natural History xrayed a representative sample of the material and got a good match for variscite. | |
| NBMG Spec Pub 31 Minerals of Nevada |
| Jeremy Zolan |
| Collection of Kelly Starnes 1990 |
NBMG Bull 58 Geology and Mineral Resources of Mineral County, Nevada | |
| NBMG Spec Pub 31 Minerals of Nevada |
NBMG Rept 17 Turquoise Deposits of Nevada (1968) | |
| personal referernce |
| NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada |
NBMG Bull 99B Geology and Mineral Resources of Northern Nye County, Nevada; USGS Bull 723 | |
NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada | |
| NBMG Spec Pub 31 Minerals of Nevada |
| [MinRec 39:297]; MinRec 32:239 |
NBMG Spec Pub 31 Minerals of Nevada | |
| Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed. |
| Jason B. Smith collection |
| Indentified by EDS, 2004 . Smithsonian Institution Mineral Reference Collection No.150243-00 |
| Smithsonian Institution Mineral Reference Collection No. 123054-00 |
| MinRec 8:392-393 |
| U.S. Geological Survey/ U.s. Department of the Interior |
| Reed, Juliet C. (1976), Annotated Biblio. of Minerals New to the Pennsylvania List 1965-1974, The Mineralogical Society of PA, Inc.: 76-77; Grant, Raymond W. (Apr, 1973), Pa Mins. (PM), PM(124), Keystone Newsletter. |
| Reed, Juliet C. (1976), Annotated Biblio. of Mins. New to the Pa List 1965-1974, The Mineralogical Soc. of PA, Inc.: 76; Gordon, S. G. (1925), "Variscite.... & Other Phosphates, from Moore's Mill, Cumberland Co., PA," Mineral Note No. 2:4-7, Acad. Nat. Sci. of Phila. Proc., Vol. 77, (1926). |
| K. Cabaniss & L.E. Kearns (2011) The 38th Rochester Mineralogical Symposium, April 14-17, 2011, lecture abstracts, page 13. |
| Rocks & Minerals 54:4 pp173-175 |
| Loomis, T. (2011), "News from the Black Hills, South Dakota", Mineral News, in press |
| R&M 75:3 pp 156-169 |
| R&M 72:4 pp 268-270 |
| UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah |
| UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah |
| Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 769. |
J. Marty (1995) Minerals of the Utahlite Claim (Edison and Bird Mine), Lucin, Box Elder County, Utah. Microprobe 8-2:4-10; U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.; Shubat, M. A. (1988). Scandium-bearing Aluminum Phosphate Deposits of Utah. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Department of Natural Resources and Energy, State of Utah. RI 209 | |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
| UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
| Rob Lavinsky |
| UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah |
UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah | |
UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah | |
| Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 759, 837.; American Mineralogist 27:443; Shubat, M. A. (1988). Scandium-bearing Aluminum Phosphate Deposits of Utah. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Department of Natural Resources and Energy, State of Utah. RI 209 |
| [www.johnbetts-fineminerals.com] http://www.mindat.org/forum.php?read,7,326639,326639,page=1#msg-326639 |
| Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 958, 976. |
Wilson, W. (2010): The Clay Canyon Variscite Mine, Fairfield Utah. Mineralogical Record. 41:321-349. | |
| U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
| Mitchell, R.S. & Fordham, O.M., Jr., Southeastern Geology 28(2),81-86(1987) |
Minerals of Virginia, 1990 by R. V. Dietrich | |
| Minerals of Virginia 1990 by R. V. Dietrich |
| Rocks & Min.: 57: 20-22 & 60: 168. |
| Hawley, J. & A. Bevan (1934) Mineralogy and genesis of the Mayville iron ore of Wisconsin: american Mineralogist: 19 (11): 493- 514. |
Hawley, J. & A. Bevan (1934) Mineralogy and genesis of the Mayville iron ore of Wisconsin: american Mineralogist: 19 (11): 493- 514. | |
Hawley, J. & A. Bevan (1934) Mineralogy and genesis of the Mayville iron ore of Wisconsin: american Mineralogist: 19 (11): 493- 514. | |
| Klemic, Harry and Mary Mrose, (1972) Geologic relations and x-ray crystallography of wavellite from Jackson County, Wisconsin and their geologic implications: U.S.G.S. Professional Paper 800-C: C-53 - C-62. Falster, A.U. (1984) Wavellite in Jackson County, Wisconsin: Rocks and Minerals, 59 (3): 125-126. |
Uzbekistan | |
| Pavel M. Kartashov data |
| Solodov, I.N., Nesterova, M.V., Shugina, G.A., Ganina, N.I., Shulik, L.S., and Solodov, D.I. (2001): Lithology and Mineral Resources 36(1), 43-62. |
| Mineraly Uzbekistana(Minerals of the Uzbekistan) - izd."FAN" UzbSSR-vol.1-4 - 1976-1977 |
Venezuela | |
| Shepard (1877); Jambor, J. L. (1963): Elroquite and phosphochromite discredited. Can. Mineral. 7, 676-677. |
Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 760. |
Little Green Monster Variscite Mine, Clay Canyon, Fairfield, Oquirrh Mts, Utah Co., Utah, USA