Villamanínite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Villamanínite
Formula:
(Cu,Ni,Co,Fe)S2
Colour:
Iron-black to greenish black
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
4½
Specific Gravity:
4.4 - 4.5
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named after the town of Villamanín, Spain, near the type locality of the Providencia mine. In the original description (Schoeller and Powell, 1919), the title of the paper names it villamaninite (without diacritical marks) and in the paper as villàmaninite, which might be a typographical error as accent grave is not used in Spanish. The current spelling of the name is villamanínite, with the diacritical matching the town name.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
4180
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:4180:1
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
532d29b4-e514-493c-b05a-a84366ee0c95
IMA Classification of Villamanínite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA status notes:
Redefined by the IMA
IMA Formula:
CuS2
First published:
1919
Approval history:
Redefined 1989 s.p.: Bayliss (1989).
Classification of Villamanínite
2.EB.05a
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
E : Metal Sulfides, M: S <= 1:2
B : M:S = 1:2, with Fe, Co, Ni, PGE, etc.
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
E : Metal Sulfides, M: S <= 1:2
B : M:S = 1:2, with Fe, Co, Ni, PGE, etc.
2.12.1.6
2 : SULFIDES
12 : AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 1:2
2 : SULFIDES
12 : AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 1:2
3.11.13
3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
11 : Sulphides etc. of Ni
3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
11 : Sulphides etc. of Ni
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Vil | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Villamanínite
Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Comment:
Dull metallic
Colour:
Iron-black to greenish black
Streak:
Sooty black
Hardness:
4½ on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN25=440 - 520 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Cleavage:
Perfect
Perfect pseudocubic.
Perfect pseudocubic.
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
4.4 - 4.5 g/cm3 (Measured)
Chemistry of Villamanínite
Mindat Formula:
(Cu,Ni,Co,Fe)S2
Common Impurities:
Se
Crystallography of Villamanínite
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Cell Parameters:
a = 5.69 Å, b = 5.70 Å, c = 5.70 Å
α = 90°, β = 90°, γ = 90°
α = 90°, β = 90°, γ = 90°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.998 : 1 : 1
Unit Cell V:
184.87 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Twinning:
Noted, but not described.
Comment:
Point Group: 1 or 1; pseudo 2/m 3; Space Group: P1 or P1
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0000755 | Villamanínite | King H E, Prewitt C T (1979) Structure and symmetry of CuS2 (pyrite structure) American Mineralogist 64 1265-1271 | 1979 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
0009899 | Villamanínite | Marcos C, Paniagua A, Moreiras D B, Garcia-Granda S, Diaz M R (1996) Villamaninite, a case of noncubic pyrite-type structure Acta Crystallographica B52 899-904 | 1996 | Villamanin, Leon, Spain | 0 | 293 | |
0009900 | Villamanínite | Marcos C, Paniagua A, Moreiras D B, Garcia-Granda S, Diaz M R (1996) Villamaninite, a case of noncubic pyrite-type structure Acta Crystallographica B52 899-904 | 1996 | Villamanin, Leon, Spain | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
2.852 Å | (100) |
1.7174 Å | (40 |
2.548 Å | (30) |
2.325 Å | (25) |
2.014 Å | (25) |
3.289 Å | (15) |
1.0959 Å | (15) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
Stage 3b: Earth’s earliest hydrosphere | >4.45 |
12 : Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits (see also #33) |
Type Occurrence of Villamanínite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Small nodular masses with a radially fibrous structure and bright spherical surfaces, to about 5 mm.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
The Natural History Museum, London, England, 1919,309; 1920,7.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Copper, cobalt, and nickel deposit in a gangue of dolomite.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Schoeller, W.R., Powell, A.R. (1920) Villamaninite, a new mineral. Mineralogical Magazine: 19: 14-18.
Other Language Names for Villamanínite
Relationship of Villamanínite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Aurostibite | AuSb2 | Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pa3 |
Cattierite | CoS2 | Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pa3 |
Dzharkenite | FeSe2 | Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pa3 |
Erlichmanite | OsS2 | Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pa3 |
Fukuchilite | Cu3FeS8 | Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pa3 |
Gaotaiite | Ir3Te8 | Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pa3 |
Geversite | PtSb2 | Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pa3 |
Hauerite | MnS2 | Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pa3 |
Insizwaite | Pt(Bi,Sb)2 | Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pa3 |
Krut'aite | CuSe2 | Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pa3 |
Laurite | RuS2 | Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pa3 |
Penroseite | (Ni,Co,Cu)Se2 | Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pa3 |
Pyrite | FeS2 | Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pa3 |
Sperrylite | PtAs2 | Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pa3 |
Trogtalite | CoSe2 | Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pa3 |
Vaesite | NiS2 | Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pa3 |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
31 photos of Villamanínite associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
15 photos of Villamanínite associated with Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
2 photos of Villamanínite associated with Bravoite | (Fe,Ni)S2 |
2 photos of Villamanínite associated with Clausthalite | PbSe |
1 photo of Villamanínite associated with Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
2.EB. | Iridarsenite | (Ir,Ru)As2 |
2.EB. | Selenolaurite | RuSe2 |
2.EB. | Andrieslombaardite | RhSbS |
2.EB. | Kanatzidisite | (SbBiS3)2Te2 |
2.EB.05a | Aurostibite | AuSb2 |
2.EB.05b | Bambollaite | Cu(Se,Te)2 |
2.EB.05a | Cattierite | CoS2 |
2.EB.05a | Erlichmanite | OsS2 |
2.EB.05a | Fukuchilite | Cu3FeS8 |
2.EB.05a | Geversite | PtSb2 |
2.EB.05a | Hauerite | MnS2 |
2.EB.05a | Insizwaite | Pt(Bi,Sb)2 |
2.EB.05a | Krut'aite | CuSe2 |
2.EB.05a | Laurite | RuS2 |
2.EB.05a | Penroseite | (Ni,Co,Cu)Se2 |
2.EB.05a | Pyrite | FeS2 |
2.EB.05a | Sperrylite | PtAs2 |
2.EB.05a | Trogtalite | CoSe2 |
2.EB.05a | Vaesite | NiS2 |
2.EB.05a | Dzharkenite | FeSe2 |
2.EB.05a | Gaotaiite | Ir3Te8 |
2.EB.05a v | Cayeuxite | |
2.EB.10b | Alloclasite | Co1-xFexAsS |
2.EB.10d | Costibite | CoSbS |
2.EB.10a | Ferroselite | FeSe2 |
2.EB.10a | Frohbergite | FeTe2 |
2.EB.10c | Glaucodot | (Co0.50Fe0.50)AsS |
2.EB.10a | Kullerudite | NiSe2 |
2.EB.10a | Marcasite | FeS2 |
2.EB.10a | Mattagamite | CoTe2 |
2.EB.10e | Paracostibite | CoSbS |
2.EB.10e | Pararammelsbergite | NiAs2 |
2.EB.10f | Oenite | CoSbAs |
2.EB.10a | Petříčekite | CuSe2 |
2.EB.15a | Anduoite | (Ru,Os)As2 |
2.EB.15a | Clinosafflorite | CoAs2 |
2.EB.15a | Löllingite | FeAs2 |
2.EB.15a | Nisbite | NiSb2 |
2.EB.15a | Omeiite | (Os,Ru)As2 |
2.EB.15c | Paxite | CuAs2 |
2.EB.15a | Rammelsbergite | NiAs2 |
2.EB.15a | Safflorite | (Co,Ni,Fe)As2 |
2.EB.15b | Seinäjokite | (Fe,Ni)(Sb,As)2 |
2.EB.20 | Arsenopyrite | FeAsS |
2.EB.20 | Gudmundite | FeSbS |
2.EB.20 | Osarsite | (Os,Ru)AsS |
2.EB.20 | Ruarsite | (Ru,Os)AsS |
2.EB.25 va | Antimony-bearing Gersdorffite | Ni(As,Sb)S |
2.EB.25 | Cobaltite | CoAsS |
2.EB.25 | Gersdorffite | NiAsS |
2.EB.25 | Hollingworthite | (Rh,Pt,Pd)AsS |
2.EB.25 | Irarsite | (Ir,Ru,Rh,Pt)AsS |
2.EB.25 | Jolliffeite | NiAsSe |
2.EB.25 | Krutovite | NiAs2 |
2.EB.25 | Maslovite | PtBiTe |
2.EB.25 | Michenerite | PdBiTe |
2.EB.25 | Padmaite | PdBiSe |
2.EB.25 | Platarsite | Pt(As,S)2 |
2.EB.25 | Testibiopalladite | PdSbTe |
2.EB.25 | Tolovkite | IrSbS |
2.EB.25 | Ullmannite | NiSbS |
2.EB.25 | Willyamite | CoSbS |
2.EB.25 | Changchengite | IrBiS |
2.EB.25 | Mayingite | IrBiTe |
2.EB.25 | Kalungaite | PdAsSe |
2.EB.25 | Milotaite | PdSbSe |
2.EB.25 | Paragersdorffite | Ni(As,S)2 |
2.EB.25 | Orthogersdorffite | NiAsS |
2.EB.25 | Kvačekite | NiSbSe |
2.EB.30 | Urvantsevite | Pd(Bi,Pb)2 |
2.EB.35 | Rheniite | ReS2 |
Other Information
Notes:
Soluble in nitric acid, leaving a globule of sulphur.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Villamanínite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-4180.html
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References for Villamanínite
Reference List:
Schoeller, W. R., Powell, A. R. (1920) Villamaninite, a new mineral. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 19 (88) 14-18 doi:10.1180/minmag.1920.019.88.05
Hey, M. H. (1962) A new analysis of villamaninite. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 33 (257) 169-170 doi:10.1180/minmag.1962.033.257.11
Bither, Tom A., Bouchard, R. J., Cloud, W. H., Donohue, P. C., Siemons, W. J. (1968) Transition metal pyrite dichalcogenides. High-pressure synthesis and correlation of properties. Inorganic Chemistry, 7 (11) 2208-2220 doi:10.1021/ic50069a008
Bayliss, Peter (1977) X-ray powder data for villamaninite. Mineralogical Magazine, 41 (320) 545 doi:10.1180/minmag.1977.041.320.24
King, Hubert E., Prewitt, Charles T. (1979) Structure and symmetry of CuS2 (pyrite structure) American Mineralogist, 64 (11-12) 1265-1271
Zakrzewski, M. A. (1984) Minerals of the bravoite – villamaninite series and cuprian siegenite from Karniowice, Poland. The Canadian Mineralogist, 22 (3) 499-502
Bayliss, Peter (1989) Crystal chemistry and crystallography of some minerals within the pyrite group. American Mineralogist, 74 (9-10) 1168-1176
Marcos, C., Paniagua, A., Moreiras, D. B., García-Granda, S., Díaz, M. R. (1996) Villamaninite, a case of noncubic pyrite-type structure. Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science, 52 (6) 899-904 doi:10.1107/s0108768196002996
Localities for Villamanínite
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
China | |
| Defeng Hui and Naiwu Zhu (2001) |
Germany | |
| Habel (2009) |
| Seeliger et al. (1965) +1 other reference |
| Gröbner et al. (2011) |
Gröbner et al. (2011) | |
Japan | |
| Kato (1973) |
Pacific Ocean | |
| Moëlo (1989) |
Poland | |
| Czerny J. 1992: Hydrothermal ... |
| Piestrzyński et al. (2012) |
| Kucha H. 2007: Mineralogia kruszcowa i ... |
Anthony et al. (1990) | |
Russia | |
| Ashchepkov et al. (2021) |
Spain (TL) | |
| Schoeller et al. (1920) |
| Econ Geol (1992) |
USA | |
| Alaska Div. Geological & Geophysical ... |
| - (United States) +1 other reference |
| Loucks (1976) |
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Providencia Mine, Villanueva de Pontedo, Cármenes, León, Castile and Leon, Spain