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Wardite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Wardite
Formula:
NaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4 · 2H2O
Colour:
Colourless, white, lightly coloured blue to green, yellow-green, light yellow, brown; colourless in transmitted light.
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
5
Specific Gravity:
2.81 - 2.87
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Member of:
Name:
Named after Henry Augustus Ward (1834-1906), Professor of Natural Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA. He was also a collector and founder of Ward's Natural Science Establishment in Rochester, which deals in natural history objects.
Wardite Group.
The Al analogue of cyrilovite and the OH analogue of fluorowardite.
May be confused with pseudo-tetragonal-dipyramidal varieites of variscite.
The Al analogue of cyrilovite and the OH analogue of fluorowardite.
May be confused with pseudo-tetragonal-dipyramidal varieites of variscite.
Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Wardite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
4242
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:4242:6
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
60dc83c4-ce30-46c7-b3e3-ea7760dcd721
IMA Classification of Wardite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
First published:
1896
Classification of Wardite
8.DL.10
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
D : Phosphates, etc. with additional anions, with H2O
L : With large and medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 = 2:1
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
D : Phosphates, etc. with additional anions, with H2O
L : With large and medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 = 2:1
42.7.8.2
42 : HYDRATED PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
7 : (AB)2(XO4)Zq·xH2O
42 : HYDRATED PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
7 : (AB)2(XO4)Zq·xH2O
19.8.3
19 : Phosphates
8 : Phosphates of Al and other metals
19 : Phosphates
8 : Phosphates of Al and other metals
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Wd | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Pronunciation of Wardite
Pronunciation:
Play | Recorded by | Country |
---|---|---|
Jolyon Ralph | United Kingdom |
Physical Properties of Wardite
Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent, Opaque
Colour:
Colourless, white, lightly coloured blue to green, yellow-green, light yellow, brown; colourless in transmitted light.
Hardness:
5 on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
Perfect
On {001}, perfect.
On {001}, perfect.
Density:
2.81 - 2.87 g/cm3 (Measured) 2.805 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Wardite
Type:
Uniaxial (+)
RI values:
nω = 1.586 - 1.594 nε = 1.595 - 1.604
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.009
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Comments:
Basal sections of crystals from Montebras, France, are divided into four anomalously biaxial sections with Y = [101], Z = [001], and 2E (+) ranging up to 70°.
Chemistry of Wardite
Mindat Formula:
NaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4 · 2H2O
Crystallography of Wardite
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Class (H-M):
4 2 2 - Trapezohedral
Space Group:
P41 21 2
Cell Parameters:
a = 7.03(1) Å, c = 19.04(1) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 2.708
Unit Cell V:
940.97 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Crystals dipyramidal, pseudo-octahedral, exhibiting forms {010}, {011}, {012}, {100}, and rarely {001}. Commonly striated perpendicular to [001]. Granular aggregates and crusts; subparallel aggregates of coarse fibers; radially-fibrous and concentrically banded spherulites.
Crystal Structure
Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
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Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
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CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
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Rotation
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0014451 | Wardite | Fanfani L, Nunzi A, Zanazzi P F (1970) The crystal structure of wardite Mineralogical Magazine 37 598-605 | 1970 | Fairfield, Utah, USA | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Image Loading
Radiation - Copper Kα
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
4.74 Å | (10) |
3.085 Å | (6) |
2.994 Å | (7) |
2.825 Å | (4) |
2.591 Å | (7) |
2.108 Å | (4) |
1.516 Å | (5) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
Near-surface Processes | |
21 : Chemically precipitated carbonate, phosphate, iron formations | |
22 : Hydration and low-𝑇 subsurface aqueous alteration (see also #23) | |
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
47c : [Carbonates, phosphates, borates, nitrates] | |
47g : [Halogen-bearing surface weathering minerals] |
Geological Setting:
Complex zoned pegmatites.
Type Occurrence of Wardite
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
No designated type material.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Low-temperature phosphatic nodules in sedimentary rocks.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Davison, J.M. (1896) Wardite: a new hydrous basic phosphate of alumina. American Journal of Science: 152: 154-155.
Synonyms of Wardite
Other Language Names for Wardite
Relationship of Wardite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Cyrilovite | NaFe3+3(PO4)2(OH)4 · 2H2O | Tet. 4 2 2 : P41 21 2 |
Fluorowardite | NaAl3(PO4)2F2(OH)2(H2O)2 | Tet. 4 2 2 : P41 21 2 |
Millisite | (Na,K)CaAl6(PO4)4(OH)9 · 3H2O | Tet. |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
198 photos of Wardite associated with Crandallite | CaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 |
164 photos of Wardite associated with Variscite | AlPO4 · 2H2O |
63 photos of Wardite associated with Lazulite | MgAl2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
44 photos of Wardite associated with Siderite | FeCO3 |
42 photos of Wardite associated with Eosphorite | Mn2+Al(PO4)(OH)2 · H2O |
37 photos of Wardite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
35 photos of Wardite associated with Childrenite | Fe2+Al(PO4)(OH)2 · H2O |
32 photos of Wardite associated with Montgomeryite | Ca4MgAl4(PO4)6(OH)4 · 12H2O |
31 photos of Wardite associated with Goyazite | SrAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 |
29 photos of Wardite associated with Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
8.DL.05 | Foggite | CaAl(PO4)(OH)2 · H2O |
8.DL.10 | Cyrilovite | NaFe3+3(PO4)2(OH)4 · 2H2O |
8.DL.10 | Millisite | (Na,K)CaAl6(PO4)4(OH)9 · 3H2O |
8.DL.10 | Fluorowardite | NaAl3(PO4)2F2(OH)2(H2O)2 |
8.DL.15 | Agardite-(Nd) | NdCu6(AsO4)3(OH)6 · 3H2O |
8.DL.15 | Agardite-(Y) | YCu6(AsO4)3(OH)6 · 3H2O |
8.DL.15 | Agardite-(Ce) | CeCu6(AsO4)3(OH)6 · 3H2O |
8.DL.15 | Agardite-(Dy) | (Dy,La)Cu6(AsO4)3(OH)6 · 3H2O |
8.DL.15 | Agardite-(La) | LaCu6(AsO4)3(OH)6 · 3H2O |
8.DL.15 | Goudeyite | AlCu6(AsO4)3(OH)6 · 3H2O |
8.DL.15 | Mixite | BiCu6(AsO4)3(OH)6 · 3H2O |
8.DL.15 | Petersite-(Y) | (Y,Ce,Nd)Cu6(PO4)3(OH)6 · 3H2O |
8.DL.15 | Zálesíite | CaCu6(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)(OH)6 · 3H2O |
8.DL.15 | Plumboagardite | (Pb,REE,Ca)Cu6(AsO4)3(OH)6 · 3H2O |
8.DL.15 | Calciopetersite | CaCu6(PO4)2(PO3OH)(OH)6 · 3H2O |
8.DL.15 | Petersite-(Ce) | Cu6Ce(PO4)3(OH)6 · 3H2O |
8.DL.15 | Petersite-(La) | Cu6La(PO4)3(OH)6 · 3H2O |
8.DL.20 | Cheremnykhite | Pb3Zn3(VO4)2(TeO6) |
8.DL.20 | Dugganite | Pb3Zn3(AsO4)2(TeO6) |
8.DL.20 | Kuksite | Pb3Zn3(PO4)2(TeO6) |
8.DL.20 | Wallkilldellite | Ca2Mn2+3(AsO4)2(OH)4 · 9H2O |
8.DL.20 | Wallkilldellite-(Fe) | (Ca,Cu)4Fe2+6(AsO4,SiO4)4(OH,O)8 · 18H2O |
8.DL.25 | Angastonite | CaMgAl2(PO4)2(OH)4 · 7H2O |
8.DL.30 | Långbanshyttanite | Pb2Mn2Mg(AsO4)2(OH)4 · 6H2O |
Other Information
Notes:
Completely soluble in acids with difficulty.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Wardite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-4242.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Wardite
Reference List:
Larsen, Esper S., Shannon, Earl V. (1930) The minerals of the phosphate nodules from near Fairfield, Utah. American Mineralogist, 15 (8) 307-337 p.315
Larsen, Esper S., 3d, (1942) The mineralogy and paragenesis of the variscite nodules from near Fairfield, Utah, Part 1. American Mineralogist, 27 (4) 281-300 p.292
Lindberg, Marie Louise (1957) Relationship of the minerals avelinoite, cyrilovite and wardite. American Mineralogist, 42 (3-4) 204-213
Fanfani, L., Nunzi, A., Zanazzi, P. F. (1970) The crystal structure of wardite. Mineralogical Magazine, 37 (289) 598-605 doi:10.1180/minmag.1970.037.289.10
Frost, Ray L., Erickson, Kristy L. (2005) Near-infrared spectroscopic study of selected hydrated hydroxylated phosphates. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 61 (1) 45-50 doi:10.1016/j.saa.2004.03.010
Frost, Ray L., Xi, Yunfei (2012) A vibrational spectroscopic study of the phosphate mineral wardite NaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4·2(H2O) Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 93. 155-163 doi:10.1016/j.saa.2012.02.103
Frost, Ray L., Scholz, Ricardo, López, Andrés, Lana, Cristiano, Xi, Yunfei (2014) A Raman and infrared spectroscopic analysis of the phosphate mineral wardite NaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4⋅2(H2O) from Brazil. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 126. 164-169 doi:10.1016/j.saa.2014.02.007
Gatta, G. Diego, Guastoni, Alessandro, Fabelo, Oscar, Fernandez-Diaz, Maria Teresa (2019) A single-crystal neutron diffraction study of wardite, NaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4·2H2O. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 46 (4) 427-435 doi:10.1007/s00269-018-1013-7
Localities for Wardite
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina | |
| Gay et al. (1991) +1 other reference |
| Galliski et al. (2020) |
Australia | |
| Francis (2010) |
Francis (2010) | |
| Frost et al. (2012) |
Pilkington et al. (1979) +1 other reference | |
| Peter Elliott |
| W.D.Birch. Phosphate Minerals of ... |
| R Bottrill unpub XRD +2 other references |
| Nickel (2008) |
Austria | |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
G. Niedermayr: Carinthia II 187./107.:176 (1997) | |
F. Walter (2001) | |
Niedermayr et al. (1995) | |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
Niedermayr et al. (1995) | |
| F. Bernhard et al. (1998) |
Belgium | |
| Michel Blondieau. +2 other references |
| Hatert et al. (2002) |
Brazil | |
| Sergio Varvello collection |
| Rock Currier |
| |
| Paul Bongaerts |
Moore et al. (1978) | |
| Cassedanne (1980) |
| sergio varvello |
Russell Rizzo | |
| 531 p +6 other references |
| Murdoch (1955) |
Canada | |
| Robinson et al. (1992) |
Rob Lavinsky | |
150-152. +2 other references | |
| Robinson et al. (1992) |
Robinson et al. (1992) | |
Collected by Rod Tyson | |
various added photos | |
Robinson et al. (1992) | |
| Robinson et al. (1992) |
Europe | |
| Fransolet et al. (1997) |
Finland | |
| Sandström et al. (2009) |
France | |
| Queneau (n.d.) |
| Chollet Pascal Collection |
| Gaël Trouilliez collection |
| Lacroix (1910) +2 other references |
Japan | |
| Shirose et al. (2014) |
Portugal | |
| Pedro Alves collection and analytical ... |
Rwanda | |
| Daltry et al. (1998) |
Spain | |
| Calvo (2015) |
| Joan Rosell - RosellMinerals.com (2014) |
| Am Min 90:1887-1899 |
USA | |
| www.gemandmineral.com/stewartmine.html. |
| Schooner (circa 1985) |
| Ream (2004) |
| King et al. (1994) +1 other reference |
| King et al. (1994) +1 other reference |
King et al. (1994) +1 other reference | |
King et al. (1994) +1 other reference | |
| Dr. William S. Wise presentation to ... |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Rocks & Min. 80:256 (2005) +1 other reference |
| Smith (2005) |
| Smith (2005) |
| Smith (2005) |
| Hurlbut et al. (1952) +1 other reference |
| Smith et al. (2000) |
| Rocks & Min.:60:110 |
| Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference |
| American Mineralogist 27:443 +1 other reference |
| Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference |
Wilson (2010) |
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Rapid Creek, Dawson mining district, Yukon, Canada