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Watanabeite

A valid IMA mineral species
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09649950015402090283582.jpg
Takeo Watanabe
Formula:
Cu4(As,Sb)2S5
May contain minor Pb (status of this variety is unclear).
Colour:
Silver-grey, lead-grey
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
4 - 4½
Specific Gravity:
4.66
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Name:
Named in honor of Takeo Watanabe (武男渡辺) (23 June 1907, Tokyo, Japan - 18 December 1986, Nerima, Tokyo, Japan), professor of mineralogy, University of Tokyo (1944-1968), Nagoya University (1968-1971), President of the Akita University (1971-1976), who first reported the occurrence of native tellurium and sylvanite from the Teine mine. He also served as president of the Society of Mining Geologists of Japan, the Geological Society of Japan, and the Mineralogical Society of Japan. He described kotoite and jimboite.
See also Unnamed (Sb-analogue of Watanabeite).

Chemically and structurally related to tennantite/tetraedrite.




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Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
4246
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:4246:4
GUID
(UUID V4):
c9be0f69-873c-4785-973b-784775cfedd5

IMA Classification of WatanabeiteHide

Classification of WatanabeiteHide

2.GC.15

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
G : Sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites
C : Poly-sulfarsenites
3.5.15.1

3 : SULFOSALTS
5 : 2.5 < ø < 3

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

SymbolSourceReference
WaIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
WaThe Canadian Mineralogist (2019)The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download

Physical Properties of WatanabeiteHide

Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Silver-grey, lead-grey
Streak:
Lead-grey
Hardness:
4 - 4½ on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN100=253 - 306 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
None Observed
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
4.66(2) g/cm3 (Measured)    4.66 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of WatanabeiteHide

Anisotropism:
Weak
Reflectivity:
WavelengthR1R2imR1imR2
470nm32.5%31.5%17.7%17.0%
546nm32.0%31.1%17.0%16.3%
589nm31.1%30.3%16.1%15.5%
650nm30.0%29.3%15.0%14.5%

Reflectance graph
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 32.5%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red, imR1 shown in green, imR2 shown in blue
Colour in reflected light:
Grey
Pleochroism:
Not Visible

Chemistry of WatanabeiteHide

Mindat Formula:
Cu4(As,Sb)2S5

May contain minor Pb (status of this variety is unclear).

Crystallography of WatanabeiteHide

Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Cell Parameters:
a = 14.51(1) Å, b = 13.30(1) Å, c = 17.96(1) Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.091 : 1 : 1.35
Unit Cell V:
3,465.97 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
16
Comment:
Symmetry uncertain and space group unknown.

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
4.43 Å(4)
3.36 Å(7)
2.999 Å(100)
2.594 Å(20)
2.238 Å(5)
1.975 Å(5)
1.833 Å(40)
1.794 Å(4)
1.778 Å(4)
1.564 Å(15b)
1.497 Å(5)
Comments:
Pattern is similar to that of fahlore, but has many additional, very weak superstructure reflections.

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism
33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12])

Type Occurrence of WatanabeiteHide

General Appearance of Type Material:
Massive silvery lead-grey ore, macroscopically indistinguishable from tetrahedrite group minerals.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
National Science Museum, Tokyo, catalogue NSM-M26138, University Museum, University of Tokyo, and at the Natural History Museum, London, as E.1400, BM 1992,238
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Shimizu, M., Kato, A., Matsubara, S., Criddle, A. J., Stanley, C. J. (1993) Watanabeite, Cu4(As,Sb)2S5, a new mineral from the Teine mine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. Mineralogical Magazine: 57: 643-649.

Synonyms of WatanabeiteHide

Other Language Names for WatanabeiteHide

German:Watanabeit
Spanish:Watanabeita

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

2.GC.ClogauitePbBi4Te4S3Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3m1
2.GC.05HatchiteAgTlPbAs2S5Tric. 1 : P1
2.GC.05Wallisite(Cu,Ag)TlPbAs2S5Tric. 1 : P1
2.GC.10SinneriteCu6As4S9Tric. 1 : P1
2.GC.20SimoniteTlHgAs3S6Mon. 2/m
2.GC.25QuadratiteAg(Cd,Pb)AsS3Tet. 4 2 2 : P43 2 2
2.GC.25ManganoquadratiteAgMnAsS3Tet. 4 2 2 : P43 2 2
2.GC.30SmithiteAgAsS2Mon. 2/m
2.GC.35TrechmanniteAgAsS2Trig. 3 : R3
2.GC.35DebattistiiteAg9Hg0.5As6S12Te2 Tric. 1 : P1
2.GC.40aAleksitePbBi2Te2S2Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3 1m
2.GC.40bKochkaritePbBi4Te7Trig.
2.GC.40cPoubaitePbBi2(Se,Te,S)4Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
2.GC.40cRucklidgeitePbBi2Te4Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
2.GC.40eBabkinitePb2Bi2(S,Se)3Trig.
2.GC.40dSaddlebackitePb2Bi2Te2S3Hex.
2.GC.45TvalchrelidzeiteHg3SbAsS3Mon. 2/m
2.GC.50MutnovskitePb4As2S6IClOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for WatanabeiteHide

References for WatanabeiteHide

Localities for WatanabeiteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina
 
  • Catamarca Province
    • Andalgalá Department
      • Cerro Atajo
Marquez-Zavalia et al. (2007)
Australia
 
  • Queensland
    • Mareeba Shire
      • Chillagoe
Graham-Ruzicka (2014)
China
 
  • Tibet
    • Lhasa
      • Maizhokunggar Co. (Mozhugongka Co.)
Zheng et al. (2020)
Greece
 
  • Eastern Macedonia and Thrace
    • Evros
      • Alexandroupoli
        • Kirki Mines
Voudouris et al. (2005)
Repstock (2011) +1 other reference
Voudouris et al. (2011)
  • South Aegean
    • Milos
      • Milos Island
Papavasiliou et al. (2016)
India
 
  • Rajasthan
    • Jaipur district
      • Sikar District
        • Khetri
Ahmed et al. (2018)
Japan (TL)
 
  • Hokkaidō Prefecture
    • Ishikari Subprefecture
      • Sapporo City
Shimizu et al. (1993) +1 other reference
Russia
 
  • Kamchatka Krai
    • Koryak Okrug
      • Karaginsky District
Sidorov +5 other references
Tolstykh et al. (2019)
  • Zabaykalsky Krai
    • Sretensky District
Efremov et al. (2021)
 
Mineral and/or Locality  
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