Aurostibite

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Aurostibite

Krásná Hora nad Vltavou, Central Bohemia Region, Bohemia, Czech Republic

Formula:

AuSb₂

System:

Isometric

Colour:

White

Lustre:

Metallic

Hardness:

Member of:

Pyrite Group

Name:

For its chemical composition.

Pyrite Group.

Classification of Aurostibite

IMA status:

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)

Strunz 8th ed.:

2/D.17-130

Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) ed.:

2.EB.05a

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
E : Metal Sulfides, M: S <= 1:2
B : M:S = 1:2, with Fe, Co, Ni, PGE, etc.

Dana 8th ed.:

2.12.1.11

2 : SULFIDES
12 : A_mB_nX_p, with (m+n):p = 1:2

Hey's CIM Ref.:

1.47

1 : Elements and Alloys (including the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au)

Physical Properties of Aurostibite

Lustre:

Metallic

Diaphaneity (Transparency):

Opaque

Colour:

White

Comment:

Gray with bornite like tarnish

Hardness (Mohs):

Hardness (Vickers):

VHN₁₀₀=280 - 292

Tenacity:

Brittle

Density:

9.98 g/cm³ (Measured) 9.91 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of Aurostibite

Type:

Isotropic

Type:

Isotropic

Reflectivity:

400nm	R=56.4%
420nm	R=57.2%
440nm	R=57.9%
460nm	R=58.6%
480nm	R=59.1%
500nm	R=59.6%
520nm	R=60.0%
540nm	R=60.3%
560nm	R=60.6%
580nm	R=61.0%
600nm	R=61.3%
620nm	R=61.5%
640nm	R=61.6%
660nm	R=61.5%
680nm	R=61.4%
700nm	R=61.2%

Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 61.6%.

Colour in reflected light:

Galena like with pinkish tinge.

Chemical Properties of Aurostibite

Formula:

AuSb₂

Elements listed in formula:

Au, Sb - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Analytical Data:

Hillgrove deposit, Australia; by electron microprobe.

Au (44.1)
Ag (<0.1)
Sb (55.9)
Total (100.0)

Crystallography of Aurostibite

Crystal System:

Isometric

Class (H-M):

m3 (2/m 3) - Diploidal

Space Group:

Pa3

Space Group Setting:

Pa3

Cell Parameters:

a = 6.646 Å

Unit Cell Volume:

V 293.55 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Morphology:

Sparse elongate grains to 3.5 cm

X-Ray Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
3.32	(50)
2.97	(40)
2.71	(30)
2.34	(40)
1.999	(100)
0.865	(50)
0.783	(40)

Comments:

Giant Yellowknife mine, Canada.

Occurrences of Aurostibite

Type Occurrence of Aurostibite

Co-type Localities:

ⓘ Giant Yellowknife Mine (Giant Mine), Yellowknife, Mackenzie District, Northwest Territories, Canada
ⓘ Chesterville Mine, McGarry Township, Timiskaming District, Ontario, Canada

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

Canadian Geological Survey, Ottawa; Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Canada.

Empirical Formula:

Au_1.00Sb_2.05

Relationship of Aurostibite to other Species

Member of:

Pyrite Group

Other Members of Group:

Cattierite	CoS₂
Dzharkenite	FeSe₂
Erlichmanite	OsS₂
Fukuchilite	Cu₃FeS₈
Gaotaiite	Ir₃Te₈
Geversite	PtSb₂
Hauerite	MnS₂
Insizwaite	Pt(Bi,Sb)₂
Krut'aite	CuSe₂
Laurite	RuS₂
Penroseite	(Ni,Co,Cu)Se₂
Pyrite	FeS₂
Sperrylite	PtAs₂
Trogtalite	CoSe₂
Vaesite	NiS₂
Villamaninite	(Cu,Ni,Co,Fe)S₂

Common Associates:

2.EB.05b	Bambollaite	Cu(Se,Te)₂
2.EB.05a	Cattierite	CoS₂
2.EB.05a	Erlichmanite	OsS₂
2.EB.05a	Fukuchilite	Cu₃FeS₈
2.EB.05a	Geversite	PtSb₂
2.EB.05a	Hauerite	MnS₂
2.EB.05a	Insizwaite	Pt(Bi,Sb)₂
2.EB.05a	Krut'aite	CuSe₂
2.EB.05a	Laurite	RuS₂
2.EB.05a	Penroseite	(Ni,Co,Cu)Se₂
2.EB.05a	Pyrite	FeS₂
2.EB.05a	Sperrylite	PtAs₂
2.EB.05a	Trogtalite	CoSe₂
2.EB.05a	Vaesite	NiS₂
2.EB.05a	Villamaninite	(Cu,Ni,Co,Fe)S₂
2.EB.05a	Dzharkenite	FeSe₂
2.EB.05a	Gaotaiite	Ir₃Te₈
2.EB.10b	Alloclasite	Co_1-xFe_xAsS
2.EB.10d	Costibite	CoSbS
2.EB.10a	Ferroselite	FeSe₂
2.EB.10a	Frohbergite	FeTe₂
2.EB.10c	Glaucodot	(Co_0.50Fe_0.50)AsS
2.EB.10a	Kullerudite	NiSe₂
2.EB.10a	Marcasite	FeS₂
2.EB.10a	Mattagamite	CoTe₂
2.EB.10e	Paracostibite	CoSbS
2.EB.10e	Pararammelsbergite	NiAs₂
2.EB.10f	Oenite	CoSbAs
2.EB.15a	Anduoite	(Ru,Os)As₂
2.EB.15a	Clinosafflorite	CoAs₂
2.EB.15a	Löllingite	FeAs₂
2.EB.15a	Nisbite	NiSb₂
2.EB.15a	Omeiite	(Os,Ru)As₂
2.EB.15c	Paxite	CuAs₂
2.EB.15a	Rammelsbergite	NiAs₂
2.EB.15a	Safflorite	(Co,Ni,Fe)As₂
2.EB.15b	Seinäjokite	(Fe,Ni)(Sb,As)₂
2.EB.20	Arsenopyrite	FeAsS
2.EB.20	Gudmundite	FeSbS
2.EB.20	Osarsite	(Os,Ru)AsS
2.EB.20	Ruarsite	(Ru,Os)AsS
2.EB.25	Cobaltite	CoAsS
2.EB.25	Gersdorffite	NiAsS
2.EB.25	Hollingworthite	(Rh,Pt,Pd)AsS
2.EB.25	Irarsite	(Ir,Ru,Rh,Pt)AsS
2.EB.25	Jolliffeite	NiAsSe
2.EB.25	Krutovite	NiAs₂
2.EB.25	Maslovite	PtBiTe
2.EB.25	Michenerite	PdBiTe
2.EB.25	Padmaite	PdBiSe
2.EB.25	Platarsite	PtAsS
2.EB.25	Testibiopalladite	PdTe(Sb,Te)
2.EB.25	Tolovkite	IrSbS
2.EB.25	Ullmannite	NiSbS
2.EB.25	Willyamite	(Co,Ni)SbS
2.EB.25	Changchengite	IrBiS
2.EB.25	Mayingite	IrBiTe
2.EB.25	Hollingsworthite	(Rh,Pt,Pd)AsS
2.EB.25	Kalungaite	PdAsSe
2.EB.25	Milotaite	PdSbSe
2.EB.30	Urvantsevite	Pd(Bi,Pb)₂
2.EB.35	Rheniite	ReS₂

1.1	Copper	Cu
1.2	Silver	Ag
1.5	Gold	Au
1.6	Auricupride	Cu₃Au
1.7	Tetra-auricupride	AuCu
1.8	Zinc	Zn
1.9	Cadmium	Cd
1.10	Danbaite	CuZn₂
1.11	Zhanghengite	CuZn
1.12	Mercury	Hg
1.13	Kolymite	Cu₇Hg₆
1.14	Moschellandsbergite	Ag₂Hg₃
1.15	Eugenite	Ag₁₁Hg₂
1.16	Schachnerite	Ag_1.1Hg_0.9
1.17	Paraschachnerite	Ag₃Hg₂
1.18	Luanheite	Ag₃Hg
1.19	Weishanite	(Au,Ag)₃Hg₂
1.20	Indium	In
1.21	Aluminium	Al
1.22	Khatyrkite	(Cu,Zn)Al₂
1.23	Cupalite	(Cu,Zn)Al
1.24	Diamond	C
1.25	Graphite	C
1.26	Chaoite	C
1.27	Lonsdaleite	C
1.28	Silicon	Si
1.29	Tin	Sn
1.30	Lead	Pb
1.31	Anyuiite	AuPb₂
1.31	Novodneprite	AuPb₃
1.32	Leadamalgam	Pb_0.7Hg_0.3
1.33	Arsenic	As
1.34	Arsenolamprite	As
1.35	Paxite	CuAs₂
1.36	Koutekite	Cu₅As₂
1.37	Domeykite	Cu₃As
1.38	Algodonite	(Cu_1-xAs_x)
1.39	Novákite	Cu₂₀AgAs₁₀
1.40	Kutinaite	Ag₆Cu₁₄As₇
1.41	Antimony	Sb
1.42	Stibarsen	AsSb
1.43	Paradocrasite	Sb₃As
1.44	Horsfordite	Cu, Sb
1.45	Cuprostibite	Cu₂(Sb,Tl)
1.46	Allargentum	(Ag_1-xSb_x)
1.48	Dyscrasite	Ag₃Sb
1.49	Bismuth	Bi
1.50	Maldonite	Au₂Bi
1.51	Sulphur	S₈
1.52	Rosickýite	S
1.53	Selenium	Se
1.54	Tellurium	Te
1.55	Chromium	Cr
1.56	Rhenium	Re
1.57	Iron	Fe
1.58	Chromferide	Fe₃Cr_1-x (x=0.6)
1.59	Ferchromide	Cr₃Fe_1-x
1.60	Wairauite	CoFe
1.61	Nickel	Ni
1.62	Kamacite	(Fe,Ni)
1.63	Taenite	(Fe,Ni)
1.64	Tetrataenite	FeNi
1.65	Awaruite	Ni₃Fe
1.66	Palladium	(Pd,Pt)
1.67	Potarite	PdHg
1.68	Paolovite	Pd₂Sn
1.69	Stannopalladinite	(Pd,Cu)₃Sn₂
1.70	Cabriite	Pd₂CuSn
1.71	Taimyrite	(Pd,Cu,Pt)₃Sn
1.72	Atokite	(Pd,Pt)₃Sn
1.73	Rustenburgite	(Pt,Pd)₃Sn
1.74	Zvyagintsevite	(Pd,Pt,Au)₃(Pb,Sn)
1.75	Plumbopalladinite	Pd₃Pb₂
1.76	Osmium	(Os,Ir,Ru)
1.77	Iridium	(Ir,Os,Ru)
1.82	Platinum	Pt
1.83	Hongshiite	PtCu
1.84	Niggliite	PtSn
1.85	Isoferroplatinum	Pt₃Fe
1.86	Tetraferroplatinum	PtFe
1.87	Tulameenite	Pt₂CuFe
1.88	Ferronickelplatinum	Pt₂FeNi
1.89	Rhodium	(Rh,Pt)

Other Names for Aurostibite

Name in Other Languages:

German:Aurostibit

Russian:Ауростибит

Simplified Chinese:方锑金矿
脆金锑矿

Spanish:Aurostibita

Other Information

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Aurostibite

Reference List:

COLEMAN, L.C. (1953): Mineralogy of the Yellowknife Bay are, N.W.T. American Mineralogist 38, 506-527.

GRAHAM, A.R. & KAIMAN, S. (1952): Aurostibite, AuSb2; a new mineral in the pyrite group. American Mineralogist 37, 461-469.

Naz'mova, G.N., Spiridonov, E.M. and Shalayev, Y.S. (1975): Aurostibite from the Bestyube deposit, northern Kazakhstan. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, 222, 687–689 (in Russian).

Ashley, P.M., Cook, N.D.J. and Hill, R.L. (1990): Occurrence and significance of aurostibite in Sb–Au ore from Hillgrove, New South Wales, Australia. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte, 537–551.

Internet Links for Aurostibite

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Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

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Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

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Localities for Aurostibite

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

(TL) indicates type locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) indicates first recorded locality for everything else. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.


Australia
New South Wales Sandon Co. ⓘ Hillgrove	Ashley, P.M., Cook, N.D.J., Hill, R.L. (1990) Occurrence and significance of aurosibite in the Au-Sb ore from Hillgrove, New South Wales, Australia. Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Vol. 12, pp. 539-551.
Victoria City of Greater Bendigo Costerfield ⓘ Alison Reef	Hawkins, I.E. (1980). The stibnite gold association in Victoria.Thesis (M.Sc) - La Trobe University. Submitted to the Dept. of Geology, School of Physical Sciences.
Mount Alexander Shire ⓘ Maldon	Cristiana Ciobanu & Bill Birch 2008, Gold-Bismuth-Tellurium Mineralisation at Maldon, Victoria, Australia: A Classic Locality Revisited, Sixth Iinternational Conference, Mineralogy and Museums
Strathbogie Shire ⓘ Nagambie	Handbook of Mineralogy
Western Australia East Pilbara Shire Nullagine ⓘ Blue Spec Mine (Golden Spec; Gold Spec; Northern Lode; Southern Lode)	Mock, C., Elliott, B.G., Ewers, G.R., Lorenz, R.P. (1987), Gold deposits of Western Australia, BMR Datafile (MINDEP), Resource Deposit 3, Department of Primary Industries and Energy/ Bureau of Mineral Resources Geology Geophysics, Commonwealth Government of Australia, 1987
Kalgoorlie-Boulder Shire ⓘ Kundana Goldfield	Pasi Eilu (2003) Exploration for orogenic gold deposits. Fennoscandian Exploration and Mining 2003 Rovaniemi, Finland December 2003

Bolivia
Potosí Department Antonio Quijarro Province ⓘ Carma Mine (Kharma Mine)	Osvaldo R. Arce Burgoa (2007) Guia a los Yacimientos Metaliferos de Bolivia. (Minera San Cristobal S.A. & Empresa Minera Unificada S.A., La Paz); Jan Bernard & Jaroslav Hyrsl (2004) Minerals and their Localities.; Econ Geol (1997) 92:623-632; Dill, H.G. (1998): Mineralium Deposita 33, 359-378.

Brazil
Minas Gerais Iron Quadrangle Mariana (Marianna de Itacolumy) Passagem de Mariana district ⓘ Passagem mine	Oberthür, T. and Weiser, T. W. (2008): Gold-bismuth-telluride-sulphide assemblages at the Viceroy Mine, Harare-Bindura-Shamva greenstone belt, Zimbabwe. Mineralogical Magazine 72, 953-970. [contains also data on Passagem de Mariana Mine]

Bulgaria
Haskovo Oblast (Khaskovo Oblast) Rhodope Mts ⓘ Madjarovo deposit (Madyarovo deposit; Madzharovo deposit)	Tarkian, M., & Breskovska, V. (1989). Greenockite from the Madjarovo Pb-Zn ore district, Eastern Rhodope, Bulgaria. Mineralogy and Petrology, 40(2), 137-144.

Canada
New Brunswick York Co. Clarence Stream area ⓘ Clarence Stream Gold Deposit	K.G. Thorne, D.R. Lentz, D. Hoy, L.R. Fyffe, and L.J. Cabri (2009): Characteristics of Mineralization at the Main Zone of the Clarence Stream Gold Deposit, Southwestern New Brunswick, Canada: Evidence for an Intrusion-Related Gold System in the Northern Appalachian Orogen. Exploration and Mining Geology 17, 13-49.
Northwest Territories Mackenzie District Yellowknife ⓘ Giant Yellowknife Mine (Giant Mine) (TL)	COLEMAN, L.C. (1953): Mineralogy of the Yellowknife Bay are, N.W.T. American Mineralogist 38, 506-527. GRAHAM, A.R. & KAIMAN, S. (1952): Aurostibite, AuSb2; a new mineral in the pyrite group. American Mineralogist 37, 461-469.
Nova Scotia Hants Co. West Gore ⓘ West Gore mine	Econ Geol (1996) 91:1239-1262
Ontario Kenora District Balmer Township ⓘ Dickenson Mine (Red Lake; Goldcorp; Arthur White)	Rocks & Minerals 79:2 pp94-99
Thunder Bay District Bomby Township ⓘ Hemlo gold deposit	Mineralogical Magazine 1988 52 : 691-697; Powell, W. G., & Pattison, D. R. (1997). An exsolution origin for low-temperature sulfides at the Hemlo gold deposit, Ontario, Canada. Economic Geology, 92(5), 569-577.
ⓘ David Bell Mine	Ann P.Sabina (1991), Rocks and Minerals for the Collector, Sudbury to Winnipeg. GSC Misc. Report 49. p.86
ⓘ Golden Giant Mine	Mineralogical Magazine 1988 52 : 691-697; Econ Geol (1997) 92:569-577; Econ Geol (1994) 89:720-756; Patterson, G.C. (1984) Ontario Geological Survey miscellaneous paper 118.
ⓘ Williams Mine (Page Williams Mine)	Mineralogical Magazine 1988 52 : 691-697
Timiskaming District McGarry Township ⓘ Chesterville Mine (TL)	American Mineralogist: 37: 461-469.
Québec Abitibi-Témiscamingue La Vallée-de-l'Or RCM Val d'Or ⓘ Lapa Mine (Lapa Cadillac Mine)	Simard, M., Gaboury, D., Daigneault, R., & Mercier-Langevin, P. (2013). Multistage gold mineralization at the Lapa mine, Abitibi Subprovince: insights into auriferous hydrothermal and metasomatic processes in the Cadillac–Larder Lake Fault Zone. Mineralium Deposita, 48(7), 883-905.
ⓘ Sigma mine (Sigma No. 1 mine)

China
Gansu Province Gannan Autonomous Prefecture Luqu Co. ⓘ La'erma Au-Se deposit (Laerma Au-Se deposit)	Minghua Zheng, Jiajun Liu, Jianming Liu, and Wenquan Lu (1993): Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology 13(2)
Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Hechi Prefecture Jinchengjiang District Beixiang - Furongchang ore field ⓘ Beixiang Ag-polymetallic deposit (Hechi Ag-polymetallic deposit)	Zhifen Li (1988): Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology 8(2); Changjin Cai (1993): Acta Mineralogica Sinica 13(1), 65-71
Hunan Province Huaihua Prefecture Yuanling Co. ⓘ Woxi Mines (Wuxi Mines; Xiangxi Mines; Xianxi Mines)	Changjin Cai (1993): Acta Mineralogica Sinica 13(1), 65-71; Xuexiang Gu, Schulz, O., Vavtar, Fr., Jianming Liu, and Minghua Zheng (2003): Mineral Deposits 22(1), 107-120; Xuexiang Gu, Schulz, O., Vavtar, F., Jianming Liu, Minghua Zheng, and Shaohong Fu (2007): Ore Geology Reviews 31(1-4), 319-336
Yueyang Prefecture Pingjiang Co. ⓘ Yangshanzhuang Mine	Baoqin Yuan, Shuzhang Tian, and Jingyu Chen (1989): Acta Mineralogica Sinica 9(4), 312-314; Changjin Cai (1993): Acta Mineralogica Sinica 13(1), 65-71
Xinjiang Autonomous Region Yili Hasake Autonomous Prefecture (Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture) Tacheng Prefecture (Tarbaghatay Prefecture) Tuoli Co. (Toli Co.) Baogutu Kuogeshaye Mine ⓘ Vein no. L7	Bo Zheng, Jinguo Zhang, Gang Chen, and Yongfeng Zhu (2013): Mineral Deposits 32(6), 1117-1138

Czech Republic
Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen) Central Bohemia Region ⓘ Krásná Hora nad Vltavou (Schönberg)	Norman King; Keutsch Photo 45328; Kruszewski Photo 67774
ⓘ Nová pit	[AmMin 84:197]
Příbram Dubenec ⓘ Uranium Mine No. 19 (Shaft No. 19)	Litochleb J., Sejkora J., Šrein V. 2006: The Au-Ag-Sb-Bi-Te mineralization from the deposit Bytíz (Mine 19), The Příbram uranium-polymetallic ore district, Czech Republic. Mineralogia Polonica - Special Papers, vol. 28, 133-135
Příbram District Psí hory gold district Mokrsko ⓘ Mokrsko-West gold deposit (Mokrsko Au deposit)	Jiří Zachariáš, Petr Morávek, Petr Gadas, Jaroslava Pertoldová (2014): The Mokrsko-West gold deposit, Bohemian Massif, Czech Republic: Mineralogy, deposit setting and classification. Ore Geology Reviews 58, 238-263.
Karlovy Vary Region Krušné Hory Mts (Erzgebirge) ⓘ Jáchymov District (St Joachimsthal)	Ondruš P, Veselovský F, Gabašová A, Hloušek J, Šrein V, Vavrín I, Skála R, Sejkora J, Drábek M (2003) Primary minerals of the Jáchymov ore district, Journal of the Czech Geological Society 48, 19-147

Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre)
Kivu Bukavu ⓘ Kamituga-Mobale mine	Handbook of Mineralogy

Finland
Eastern Finland Region Ilomantsi ⓘ Pampalo	Geological Survey of Finland 2008. Pampalo(Ward)-Gold Database.
Northern Finland Region Haapavesi ⓘ Kiimala (Ängesneva)	Kojonen, Kari, Johanson, Bo, Sipilä, Esko 1991. The Kiimala gold deposit in Haapavesi, Western Finland. in: Geological Survey of Finland, Current Research 1989-1990. Geological Survey of Finland, Special Paper 12, 75-79, 1991
ⓘ Vesiperä	http://www.gsf.fi/explor/gold/vesipera.htm; Geological Survey of Finland 2007 Vesiperä - Gold Database
Southwestern Finland Region Huittinen ⓘ Jokisivu (Kujankallio)	http://www.gsf.fi/explor/gold/jokisivu.htm; Eilu, P. (2003). Exploration for orogenic gold deposits. Fennoscandian Exploration and Mining 2003. Rovaniemi, Finland
Somero ⓘ Satulinmäki prospect	Eilu, P. (2003). Exploration for orogenic gold deposits. Fennoscandian Exploration and Mining 2003. Rovaniemi, Finland
Western and Inner Finland Region Himanka ⓘ Hirvikangas	Kontionoemi, Olavi andMursu, Juha (2006). Hirvikangas gold prospect in Himanka, western Finland. Geogical Survey of Finland, M 19/2413/2006/1/10.
Orivesi ⓘ Kutemajärvi mine	Economic Geology (1996) 91:1335-1353
Pihtipudas Kanalanmäki area Säkkärämäki ⓘ Pirunkoukku gold occurrence	Novoselov, K., Belogub, E., Kotlyarov, V., Mikhailov, A. (2015): Ore mineralogy and formation conditions of the Pirunkoukku gold occurrence (Finland). European Journal of Mineralogy: 27(5): 639-649
Seinäjoki Nurmo ⓘ Kalliosalo	Geological Survey of Finland website
ⓘ Routakallio Quarry (Satamo Quarry)	Aho, Lea 1980. Seinäjoki-Nurmo Sb mineralisatiosta. Geologian Tutkimuskeskus, arkistoraportti M19/2222/-80/1/10; Borodaev, Y., Mozgova, N., Ozerova, N., Bortnikov, N. Oivanen, P., Iletuinen, O. (1983): Associations Of Ore Minerals In The Deposits Of The Seinajöki District And The Discussion On The Ore Formation, Bull. Geol. Soc. Finland. 55 (1), 3-23
Ylöjärvi ⓘ Järvenpää	Luukkonen Ari 1994. Main geological features, metallogeny and hydrotermal alteration phenomena of certain gold and gold-tin-tungsten prospects in southern Finland. Geological Survey of Finland Bulletin 377.

France
Brittany Ille-et-Vilaine Martigné-Ferchaud ⓘ Le Semnon	Pillard F., Chauris L., Laforêt C. (1985), Inventaire minéralogique de la France, Ed. BRGM, n°13, pp: 106-111
Nouvelle-Aquitaine Creuse Evaux Budelière ⓘ Le Châtelet mine	Econ Geol (1994) 89:757-777
ⓘ Viges	Y. Moëlo : "Compte-rendu de la réunion "Systématique des Minéraux" du 23 novembre 1989", Bull. Soc. Franç. Minéral.

Germany
Baden-Württemberg Black Forest Elz valley Waldkirch ⓘ Hornbühl	K. Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992

Ghana
Western Region Ashanti gold belt Obuasi ⓘ Ashanti Mine	Oberthür, T., Weiser, T., Amanor, J.A., and Chryssoulis, S.L. (1997): Mineralium Deposita 32, 2-15.

Iran
Kordestan Province (Kurdestan Province; Kordistan Province; Kurdistan Province) Qorveh County Qorveh ⓘ Dashkasan Mine	Rafiei, B., Bakhtiari, N.M, Hashemi, M., and Khodaei, A.S. (2010): International Journal of Environmental Research 4(4), 647-654

Italy
Sardinia Medio Campidano Province Furtei Furtei mine ⓘ SW mineralization	Ruggieri, G., Lattanzi, P., Luxoro, S., Dessi, R., Benvenuti. M, & Tanelli, G., 1997. Geology, Mineralogy and Fluid Inclusion Data of the Furtei High Sulfidation Gold Deposit, Sardinia, Italy. Economic Geology, 92 (1), 1-19.

Kazakhstan
Akmola Province (Aqmola Oblysy; Akmolinskaya Oblast') ⓘ Bes-Tyube Au deposit	P.M. Kartashov data; Handbook of Mineralogy
Eastern Kazakhstan Province (Shyghys Qazaqstan Oblysy; Vostochno-Kazakhstanskaya Oblast') Kalba Range ⓘ Suzdal Mine	Kovalev, K.R., Kalinin, Y.A., Naumov, E.A., Pirajno, F., and Borisenko, A.S. (2009): Ore Geology Reviews 35, 186-205.

Malaysia
Borneo Sarawak Kuching Bau ⓘ Sarabau Mine (Lucky Hill Mine)	Wolfram Dieter Schuh (1993) Geology, Geochemistry, And Ore Deposits Of The Bau Gold Mining District, Sarawak, Malaysia. PhD Thesis University of Arizona.

Mali
Sikasso Region ⓘ Morila Mine	McFarlane, C. R., Mavrogenes, J., Lentz, D., King, K., Allibone, A., & Holcombe, R. (2011). Geology and intrusion-related affinity of the Morila gold mine, southeast Mali. Economic Geology, 106(5), 727-750.

Norway
Nordland Fauske Sulitjelma ⓘ Sulitjelma Cu Mines	Cook, N. J. (1996): Mineralogy of the sulphide deposits at Sulitjelma, northern Norway. Ore Geology Reviews 11: 303-308; Cook, N. J., Halls, C., & Kaspersen, P. O. (1990). The geology of the Sulitjelma ore field, Northern Norway; some new interpretations. Economic Geology, 85(8), 1720-1737.
ⓘ Giken II Mine	Cook, N. J. (1996): Mineralogy of the sulphide deposits at Sulitjelma, northern Norway. Ore Geology Reviews 11: 303-308

Russia
Eastern-Siberian Region Sakha Republic (Saha Republic; Yakutia) Indigirka River Basin ⓘ Sarylakh Au-Sb deposit	Pavel M. Kartashov data
ⓘ Sentachan	Seltmann, R., Soloviev, S., Shatov, V., Pirajno, F., Naumov, E., & Cherkasov, S. (2010). Metallogeny of Siberia: tectonic, geologic and metallogenic settings of selected significant deposits*. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 57(6), 655-706
Transbaikalia (Zabaykalye) Chitinskaya Oblast' Vershino-Darasunskiy Darasun Au deposit ⓘ Pirrotinovaya vein	Bryzgalov, I. A., Krivitskaya, N. N., & Spiridonov, E. M. (2007, November). First finding of nisbite and aurostibite in the eastern Transbaikal region. In Doklady Earth Sciences (Vol. 417, No. 1, pp. 1265-1267). MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica.
ⓘ Darasun mine (Darasun Au deposit)	Bryzgalov, I. A., Krivitskaya, N. N., & Spiridonov, E. M. (2007, November). First finding of nisbite and aurostibite in the eastern Transbaikal region. In Doklady Earth Sciences (Vol. 417, No. 1, pp. 1265-1267). MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica.
Far-Eastern Region Magadanskaya Oblast' Kolyma River Basin Ducat District Omsukchan Ducat ore field ⓘ Ducat Mine (Dukat Mine)	Bryzgalov, I. A., Krivitskaya, N. N., & Spiridonov, E. M. (2007, November). First finding of nisbite and aurostibite in the eastern Transbaikal region. In Doklady Earth Sciences (Vol. 417, No. 1, pp. 1265-1267). MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica.
Primorskiy Kray ⓘ South Primor'ye deposit	American Mineralogist, Vol. 64, 1979, pp. 432-435
Northern Region Karelia Republic Northern Karelia Kostomuksha Kostomuksha Fe deposit ⓘ Kostomuksha Au prospect	Kuleshevich, L.V., and Gor’kovets, V.Y. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(7), 599-608.

Senegal
Tambacounda Region ⓘ Massawa deposit (Massawa prospect)	The Massawa gold deposit, Eastern Senegal, West Africa: an orogenic gold deposit sourced from magmatically derived fluids? in Abdurrahman, A., J. C. Ø. Andersen, and B. J. Williamson. "Meeting of the Geological Society’s Mineral Deposits Studies Group was held on the 2nd–4th January 2013 at the University of Leicester, UK." Applied Earth Science (Trans. Inst. Min. Metall. B) 121.4 (2012): 211.

South Africa
Limpopo Province Murchison Range Gravelotte ⓘ Alpha-Gravelotte Mine	Minerals of South Africa

Sweden
Lappland Gällivare Aitik ⓘ Aitik Mine	Monika Kontturi & Olof Martinsson (2000) Gold in the Aitik Cu-Au deposit, Gellivare area, Northern Sweden. In Abstract volume and Field trip Guidebook, 2nd annual GEODE-Fennoscandian shield field workshop on Palaeoproterozoic and Archean greenstone belts and VMS districts in the Fennoscandian Shield (Vol. 28).
Västerbotten Skellefteå Boliden ⓘ Långsele	Nysten, P. (1986): Gold in the volcanogenic mercury-rich sulfide deposit Långsele, Skellefte ore district, northern Sweden. Mineralium Deposita 21, 116-120.; Shikazono, N., & Shimizu, M. (1988). Mercurian gold from the Tsugu gold-antimony vein deposit in Japan. Canad. Mineral, 26, 423-428.
Skellefteå Mine ⓘ Boliden	Econ Geol (1996) 91:1073-1087

UK
ⓘ Scotland ?	Tindle, A.G. (2008) Minerals of Britian and Ireland

USA
Washington Chelan Co. Wenatchee District Wenatchee Squillchuck Creek ⓘ Cannon Mine	Lasmanis, R. (1995): Mineral News: A Compendium of Wenatchee District Mineralogy, Chelan County, Washington, p.6-7

Uzbekistan
Samarkand Viloyati (Samarqand) North Nuratau Mts Zarmitan ⓘ Charmitan Mine	Torsten Graupner, Samuel Niedermann, Dieter Rhede, Ulf Kempe, Reimar Seltmann, C. Terry Williams and Reiner Klemd (2010): Multiple sources for mineralizing fluids in the Charmitan gold(-tungsten) mineralization (Uzbekistan). Mineralium Deposita 45, 667-682.

Zimbabwe
Matabeleland South Gwanda - Filabusi District ⓘ Jessie Gold Mine	Handbook of Mineralogy
ⓘ Lone Hand	Handbook of Mineralogy
Midlands Kwekwe District (Que Que District) ⓘ Indarama Mine	Zeitschrift fuer angewandte Geologie 38 (1992), 50-51

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