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Wüstite

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Wüstite

Sikhote-Alin meteorite, Paseka village, Sikhote-Alin Mts, Primorskiy Kray, Far-Eastern Region, Russia
Wüstite

Buriatia, Prebaikalia, Eastern-Siberian Region, Russia
Wüstite

Harakas Cove slag locality, Sounion area, Lavrion District slag localities, Lavrion District, Attikí Prefecture, Greece
Wüstite

Sikhote-Alin meteorite, Paseka village, Sikhote-Alin Mts, Primorskiy Kray, Far-Eastern Region, Russia
Wüstite

Buriatia, Prebaikalia, Eastern-Siberian Region, Russia
Wüstite

Harakas Cove slag locality, Sounion area, Lavrion District slag localities, Lavrion District, Attikí Prefecture, Greece
Wüstite

Sikhote-Alin meteorite, Paseka village, Sikhote-Alin Mts, Primorskiy Kray, Far-Eastern Region, Russia
Wüstite

Buriatia, Prebaikalia, Eastern-Siberian Region, Russia
Formula:
FeO
Colour:
Black
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
5 - 5½
Crystal System:
Isometric
Member of:
Periclase Group
Name:
Named after Ewald Wüst (1875-1934), geologist and palaeontologist, University of Kiel (Germany).
Periclase Group.

Occurs mainly in meteorites and anthropogenic slags.


Classification of Wüstite

IMA status:
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
Strunz 8th ed.:
4/A.04-20
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) ed.:
4.AB.25

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
A : Metal: Oxygen = 2:1 and 1:1
B : M:O = 1:1 (and up to 1:1.25); with small to medium-sized cations only
Dana 8th ed.:
4.2.1.6

4 : SIMPLE OXIDES
2 : AX
Hey's CIM Ref.:
7.20.1

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
20 : Oxides of Fe

Physical Properties of Wüstite

Lustre:
Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Black
Hardness:
5 - 5½ on Mohs scale

Chemical Properties of Wüstite

Formula:
FeO
Elements listed:
Fe, O - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of Wüstite

Crystal System:
Isometric
Class (H-M):
m3m (4/m 3 2/m) - Hexoctahedral
Space Group:
Fm3m
Cell Parameters:
a = 4.296 Å
Unit Cell V:
79.29 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Comment:
Modulated structure.

Type Occurrence of Wüstite

Type Locality:
ⓘ Scharnhausen, Ostfildern, Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

Synonyms of Wüstite

Iosidérite

Iozite

Wuestite

Other Language Names for Wüstite

Russian:Вюстит
Simplified Chinese:方铁矿
Traditional Chinese:方鐵礦

Varieties of Wüstite

Magnesiowüstite

Fe-bearing variety of periclase.
Used synonymously with ferropericlase.

Relationship of Wüstite to other Species

Member of:
Periclase Group
Other Members of this group:
BunseniteNiO
PericlaseMgO

Common Associates

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
Kamacite7 photos of Wüstite associated with Kamacite on mindat.org.
Goethite3 photos of Wüstite associated with Goethite on mindat.org.
Schreibersite2 photos of Wüstite associated with Schreibersite on mindat.org.
Taenite2 photos of Wüstite associated with Taenite on mindat.org.
Iron1 photo of Wüstite associated with Iron on mindat.org.
Gypsum1 photo of Wüstite associated with Gypsum on mindat.org.
Magnetite1 photo of Wüstite associated with Magnetite on mindat.org.
Aragonite1 photo of Wüstite associated with Aragonite on mindat.org.
Elyite1 photo of Wüstite associated with Elyite on mindat.org.

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping

4.AB.Carbon Monoxide IceCO
4.AB.05CredneriteCuMnO2
4.AB.10TenoriteCuO
4.AB.15DelafossiteCuFeO2
4.AB.15McconnelliteCuCrO2
4.AB.20BromelliteBeO
4.AB.20ZinciteZnO
4.AB.25BunseniteNiO
4.AB.25LimeCaO
4.AB.25ManganositeMnO
4.AB.25MonteponiteCdO
4.AB.25PericlaseMgO
4.AB.30PalladinitePdO

Related Minerals - Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals Grouping

7.20.2MagnetiteFe2+Fe3+2O4
7.20.3MaghemiteFe3+2O3
7.20.4HematiteFe2O3
7.20.5Goethiteα-Fe3+O(OH)
7.20.6Akaganeite(Fe3+,Ni2+)8(OH,O)16Cl1.25 · nH2O
7.20.7FeroxyhyteFe3+O(OH)
7.20.8Lepidocrociteγ-Fe3+O(OH)
7.20.9FerrihydriteFe3+10O14(OH)2
7.20.10Amakinite(Fe2+,Mg)(OH)2
7.20.11MagnesioferriteMgFe3+2O4
7.20.12MuskoxiteMg7Fe4O13 · 10H2O
7.20.13SrebrodolskiteCa2Fe3+2O5
7.20.14HercyniteFe2+Al2O4
7.20.15BrownmilleriteCa2(Al,Fe3+)2O5

Related Minerals - Dana Grouping (8th Ed.)

4.2.1.1PericlaseMgO
4.2.1.2BunseniteNiO
4.2.1.3ManganositeMnO
4.2.1.4MonteponiteCdO
4.2.1.5LimeCaO
4.2.1.7HongquiiteTiO

Other Information

Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Wüstite

Reference List:
Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)
Brun (1924) Arch. sc. phys. nat.: 6: 253 (as Iozite).
Brun (1924) C.R. soc. phys. hist. nat. Genève: 41: 94.
Brun (1924) Schweiz. min. Mitt.: 4: 355.
Palache, C., Berman, H., Frondel, C. (1944) The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume I: Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 503 (as Iozite).
Walenta, K. (1960) Natürliches Eisen(II)-Oxyd (Wüstit) aus der vulkanischen Tuffbreccie von Scharnhausen bei Stuttgart. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte: 150-159 (in German with English abstract).
Chandy, K.C. (1965) Short communications: An occurrence of wüstite. Mineralogical Magazine: 35: 664-666.
Yamamoto, A. (1982) Modulated structure of wüstite (Fe1-xO) (three-dimensional modulation). Acta Crystallographica: B38: 1451-1456.
Hazen, R.M., Jeanloz, R. (1984) Wüstite (Fe1-xO): a review of its defect structure and physical properties. Reviews of Geophysics: 22: 37-46.
Stølen, S., Glöckner, R., Grønvold, F., Atake, T., Izumisawa, S. (1996) Heat capacity and nearly stoichiometric wüstite from 13 to 450 K. American Mineralogist: 81: 973-981.
de Faria, D.L.A., Silva, S.V., de Oliveira, M.T. (1997): Raman microspectroscopy of some iron oxides and oxyhydroxides. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 28, 873-878.
Hanesch, M. (2009): Raman spectroscopy of iron oxides and (oxy)hydroxides at low laser power and possible applications in environmental magnetic studies. Geophys. J. Int. 177, 941-948.
Welberry, T.R., Goossens, D.J., Heerdegen, A.P. (2014) Local order in wüstite using a pair distribution function (PDF) approach. Mineralogical Magazine: 78: 373-385.

Internet Links for Wüstite

mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-4316.html
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    • Localities for Wüstite

    This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    (TL) indicates type locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) indicates first recorded locality for everything else. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Afghanistan
     
    • Panjsher Province (Panjsheer Province; Panjshir Province; Panjsher Valley; Panjshir Valley)
      • Khinj District
    		Merkel, S., Bräutigam, B., Klein, S., & Hauptmann, A. (2013). The Analysis of Slag from the Panjhır Mining Region, Afghanistan: An Investigation of (Medieval) Silver Production Technology. Archäologische Mitteilungen, 45, 231-250.
    Algeria
     
    • Adrar Province
    		Buchwald, V. F. (1975) Handbook of Iron Meteorites, vol 2: 632-634. University of California Press.
    Antarctica
     
    • Eastern Antarctica
      • Queen Maud Land (Dronning Maud Land)
    		Kimura, M. & Ikeda, Y. (1992). Mineralogy and Petrology of an unusual Belgica-7904 Carbonaceous Chondrite: Genetic Relationships among the Components. Proc. NIPR Symp. Antarct. Meteorites 5: 74-119. (March 1992)
    Argentina
     
    • Chaco
      • Almirante Brown Department
        • Pampa del Infierno
    		http://rruff.info/doclib/hom/wustite.pdf
    Australia
     
    • Queensland
      • Barcoo Shire
        • Windorah
          • Tenham Station
    		Lunar and Planetary Science XXXIV (2003); American Mineralogist, Volume 84, pages 267–271, 1999
    Austria
     
    • Carinthia
      • Friesach - Hüttenberg area
        • Hüttenberg
          • Waitschach
    		Kolitsch, U., Brandstätter, F., Schreiber, F., Fink, R. & Auer, C. (2013): Die Mineralogie der weltweit einzigartigen Schlacken von Waitschach, Kärnten. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, Serie A, 115, 19-87 (in German).
    • Upper Austria
      • Steyr
        • Slag localities
    		peter neschen collection
    Azerbaijan
     
    • Qobustan District (Gobustan; Kobustan)
      • Caspian Sea
    		Novgorodova M.I., Mamedov Yu.G.. Native aluminium from mud volcano at the Bulla island (caspian Sea), - Lithology and Mineral Resourses,1996,N4,p. 339-349
    • Yardymli District
      • Baku
    		Buchwald, V. F. (1975) Handbook of Iron Meteorites, vol 3. University of California Press.
    Brazil
     
    • Mato Grosso
      • Juína
        • Sorriso river
    		Kaminsky, F. V., Wirth, R., & Schreiber, A. (2015). A microinclusion of lower-mantle rock and other mineral and nitrogen lower-mantle inclusions in a diamond. The Canadian Mineralogist, 53(1), 83-104.; Kaminsky, F. V., Ryabchikov, I. D., & Wirth, R. (2015). A primary natrocarbonatitic association in the Deep Earth. Mineralogy and Petrology, 1-12.; Kaminsky, F.V., Wirth, R., Schreiber, A. (2015): A microinclusion of lower-mantle rock and other minerals and nitrogen lower-mantle inclusions in a diamond. Canadian Mineralogist: 53(1): 83-104
    Burkina Faso
     
    • East Region
      • N'Gourma
    		Buchwald, V. F. (1975) Handbook of Iron Meteorites. University of California Press. 1418 pages.
    China
     
    • Anhui Province
      • Bozhou Prefecture
        • Qiaocheng District
          • Xiaoyanzhuang
    		Kuiren Wang (1987): Acta Mineralogica Sinica 7(2), 107-112
    • Hebei Province
      • Chengde Prefecture
        • Yan Mts (Yanshan Mts)
    		Zuxiang Yu (1984): Acta Petrologica Mineralogica et Analytica 3(3), 231-240
    • Hubei Province
      • Suizhou Prefecture
        • Zengdu District (Cengdou District)
          • Xihe
    		[AmMin 85:1564]
    • Jiangsu Province
      • Lianyungang Prefecture
        • Donghai Co.
          • Maobei
    		Jingsui Yang, Zhiqin Xu, Wenji Bai, Qingsong Fang, and Zhongming Zhang (2006): 3rd Annual Meeting of the Asia Oceania Geosciences Society (AOGS), July 10-14, 2006, Abstract 59-SE-A0643.
      • Taizhou Prefecture
        • Gaogang District
          • Sixiangkou
    		Sharp, T. G., Chen, M., & El Goresy, A. (1996) Microstructures of High-Pressure Minerals in Shocked Chondrites: Constraints on the Duration of Shock Events. Journal: Meteoritics & Planetary Science, vol. 31, page A127
    • Tibet Autonomous Region
      • Shannan Prefecture (Lhokha Prefecture; Lhoka Prefecture)
        • Qusum Co. (Qusong Co.)
    		Wenji Bai, Jingsui Yang, Qingsong Fang, Binggan Yan, and Zhongming Zhang (2001): Earth Science Frontiers 8(3), 111-121
    • Xinjiang Autonomous Region
      • Yili Hasake Autonomous Prefecture (Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture)
        • Aletai Prefecture (Altay Prefecture)
          • Fuhai Co. (Burultokay Co.)
    		Yongheng Chen and Daode Wang (1989): Acta Mineralogica Sinica 9(2), 119-125
    Croatia
     
    • Zagreb County
    		Buchwald, V. F. (1975) Handbook of Iron Meteorites. University of California Press. 1418 pages.
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Central Bohemia Region
        • Kutná Hora (Kuttenberg)
          • Poličany
            • Vrchlice river valley
    		Pauliš P. Mineralogické lokality okolí Kutné Hory. Kuttna, Kutná Hora 1999. ISBN 80-902719-0-1.
      • Hradec Králové Region
        • Broumov (Braunau)
    		Buchwald, V. F. (1975) Handbook of Iron Meteorites. University of California Press. 1418 pages.
      • Liberec Region
        • Frýdlant (Frýdlant v Čechác)
    		Seifert, W.; Thomas, R.; Rhede, D.; Förster, H.-J. (2010): Origin of coexisting wustite, MgFe and REE phosphate minerals in graphite-bearing fluorapatite from the Rumburk granite. European Journal of Mineralogy 22, 495-507.
    Estonia
     
    • Saare Co.
    		Marini, F., Raukas, A., & Tiirmaa, R. (2004). Magnetic fines from the Kaali impact-site (Holocene, Estonia): Preliminary SEM investigation. Geochemical Journal, 38(2), 107-120.
    France
     
    • Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
      • Loire
        • La Pacaudière
          • Le Crozet
    		Vernay, R. (1997): Le Crozet (Loire, France). Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, 55(1), 9-22.
    • Brittany
      • Finistère
        • Poullaouen
    		Germain C., Leydet J-C., Saget Ph. (1990), Les minéraux de néoformation de Huelgoat (Finistère), Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, n°3, 3-16
    • Occitanie
      • Hérault
        • Montpellier
          • Clermont l'Hérault
    		Ambert, P., Balestro, F., Laroche, M., Figueroa, V. and Rovira, S. (2014) Technological aspects of the earliest metallurgy in France: ‘furnaces’ and slags from La Capitelle du Broum (Péret, France). Historical Metallurgy 47(1), 60-74.
      • Lozère
        • Pont-de-Montvert
          • Vialas
    		No reference listed
    Germany
     
    • Baden-Württemberg
      • Black Forest
        • Wolfach
          • Oberwolfach
            • Frohnbach valley
    		K. Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992
      • Stuttgart
        • Ostfildern
    		Walenta, K.: Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte (1960): 150-159.
    • Hesse
    		Buchwald, V. F. (1975) Handbook of Iron Meteorites. University of California Press. 1418 pages.
    • North Rhine-Westphalia
      • Sauerland
        • Iserlohn
          • Letmathe
    		http://www.mg-mineralien-fossilien.de/?Rpage=sauerland/?Rpage=letmathe1.html
    • Schleswig-Holstein
      • Bredstedt
        • Joldelund
    		A. Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", Schweizerbart (Stuttgart), 2001
    Greece
     
    • Attikí Prefecture (Attica; Attika)
      • Lavrion District (Laurion; Laurium)
        • Lavrion District slag localities
          • Sounion area
    		Stephan Wolfsried specimen
    Greenland
     
    • Qaasuitsup
      • Qeqertarsuaq Island (Disko Island)
    		Ulff-Møller, F. (1985): Solidification History of the KitdlÎt Lens: Immiscible Metal and Sulphide Liquids from a Basaltic Dyke on Disko, Central West Greenland Journal of Petrology. 26,64-91.
    India
     
    • Andhra Pradesh
      • Visakhapatnam District
    		Buchwald, V. F. (1975) Handbook of Iron Meteorites. University of California Press. 1418 pages.
    • Bihar
      • Muzaffarpur
    		Buchwald, V. F. (1975) Handbook of Iron Meteorites. vol 3: University of California Press. 1418 pages.
    • Rajasthan (Rajputana)
      • Ajmer Division
        • Bhilwara District
    		Buchwald, V. F. (1975) Handbook of Iron Meteorites. University of California Press. 1418 pages.
      • Alwar district
    		Bapna, V. S., Sharma, P. N., Sathe, M. D., Mathur, K. N. & Dwivedi, G. L. (1991) The Raghunathpura iron meteorite from Alwar, India: Meteoritics 26 (1): 65-67. (March 1991)
    Italy
     
    • Aosta Valley
      • Saint-Marcel
        • Servette-Chuc mining complex
    		Gordon, J. (2004): Mineral notes from Italy: Servette Mine and Strahlers' Display. Bulletin of the Mineralogical Society of Southern California, 74, 12; http://www.mineralsocal.org/bulletin/2004/2004_dec.htm; Tumiati, S., Casartelli, P., Mambretti, A., Martin, S., Frizzo, P., Rottoli, M. (2005): The ancient mine of Servette (Saint-Marcel, Val d' Aosta, western Italian Alps): A mineralogical, metallurgical and charcoal analysis of furnace slags. Archaeometry, 47, 317-340.
    • Emilia-Romagna
      • Ferrara Province
        • Vigarano Mainarda
          • Vigarano Pieve
    		E. K. Zinner, C. Caillet & A. El Goresy (1991). Evidence for extraneous origin of a magnesiowüstite-metal Fremdling from the Vigarano CV3 chondrite. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 102, #33-34, 252-264.
    • Tuscany
      • Florence Province
        • Firenzuola
    		Carapezza, M., Nuccio, P.M. & Valenza, M. (1975) Piancaldoli meteorite: chemistry and mineralogy: Meteoritics 10: p.379. (Dec 1975).
    Libya
     
    • Al Jufrah District
      • Dar al Gani
    		Masaaki Miyahara1, Eiji Ohtani, Shin Ozawa, Makoto Kimura, Ahmed El Goresy, Takeshi Sakai1, Toshiro Nagase1, Kenji Hiraga, Naohisa Hirao, Yasuo Ohishi (2011) Dissociation of olivine to silicate-perovskite and magesiowustite in the shocked Martian meteorite DaG 735. Japan Geooscience Union Meeting Makuhari, Chiba Japan.
    Mexico
     
    • Oaxaca
      • Mun. de Santo Domingo de Yanhuitlan
    		Buchwald, V. F. (1975) Handbook of Iron Meteorites. University of California Press. 1418 pages.
    • Zacatecas
      • Mun. de Mazapil
        • Mazapil
    		Handbook of Iron Meteorites, vol 2: 808—813. University of California Press.
    Morocco
     
    • Souss-Massa Region
      • Tata Province
    		Ma, C., Tschauner, O., Liu, Y., Beckett, J. R., Rossman, G. R., Zuravlev, K., ... & Taylor, L. A. (2014, March). Discovery of Ahrensite gamma-Fe2SiO4 and Tissintite (Ca, Na, □) AlSi2O6: Two New High Pressure Minerals from the Tissint Martian Meteorite. In Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (Vol. 45, p. 1222).
    Myanmar
     
    • Kachin State
      • Mohnyin District (Moe Hnyin District)
        • Hpakant Township (Hpakan; Phakant; Phakan)
    		Shi, G. H., Zhu, X. K., Deng, J., Mao, Q., Liu, Y. X., & Li, G. W. (2011). Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 75(6), 1608-1620
    Namibia
     
    • Otjikoto Region (Oshikoto)
      • Tsumeb
    		Ettler, V., Johan, Z., Kříbek, B., Šebek, O. & Mihaljevič, M. (2009): Mineralogy and environmental stability of slags from the Tsumeb smelter, Namibia. Applied Geochemistry 24, 1-15.
    Oman
     
    • Dhofar Governorate (Al Janubiyah Province)
    		D.D. Badjukov et al. , Lunar and Planetary Science, XXXVI (2005), 1684.pdf
    Pakistan
     
    • Sindh
      • Sukkur District
    		Buchwald, V. F. (1975) Handbook of Iron Meteorites. University of California Press. 1418 pages.
    Poland
     
    • Małopolskie
      • Olkusz District
    		Ref.: Kucha H., Jędrzejczyk B. 1995: Primary minerals of mining and metallurgical Zn-Pb dumps at Bukowno, Poland, and their stability during weathering. Mineralogia Polonica, vol. 26, No 2, 75-99
    Portugal
     
    • Évora District
      • Alandroal
    		Buchwald, V. F. (1975) Handbook of Iron Meteorites, vol 2. University of California Press.
    Romania
     
    • Maramureș Co.
    		http://minerals-of-the-carpathians.eu; Hîrtopanu, P. (2006) One Hundred Minerals For One Hundred Years (dedicated To The Centennial Of The Geological Institute Of Romania) Acta Mineralogica-Petrographica, Abstract Series 5, Szeged, p38
    Russia
     
    • Eastern-Siberian Region
      • Krasnoyarsk Territory (Krasnoyarsk Kray; Krasnoyarskii Krai)
        • Targhasa massif
    		L. N. Novoselova, A. Yu. Lyul (1986) Geochemical characteristics of iron silicides from Lower Cambrian reefal limestones, Krasnoyarsk. International Geology Review 28:114-118
      • Sakha Republic (Saha Republic; Yakutia)
    		[World of Stones 12:49]
      • Taymyrskiy Autonomous Okrug
        • Kureika river
          • Dzheltul'skii massif
    		P.M. Kartashov data
        • Taimyr Peninsula
          • Khatanga
            • Malaya Romanikha River
    		Pavel M. Kartashov data
    • Far-Eastern Region
      • Primorskiy Kray
    		Buchwald, V. F. (1975) Handbook of Iron Meteorites. University of California Press. 1418 pages.
        • Sikhote-Alin Mts
          • Paseka village
    		Pavel M. Kartashov data
    • Northern Region
      • Karelia Republic
    		www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/metsoc2003/pdf/5072.pdf.
    • Urals Region
      • Southern Urals
        • Chelyabinsk Oblast'
    		Cesnokov, B., Kotrly, M. and Nisanbajev, T. (1998): Brennende Abraumhalden und Aufschlüsse im Tscheljabinsker Kohlenbecken - eine reiche Mineralienküche. Mineralien-Welt, 9 (3), 54-63 (in German).
    • Western-Siberian Region
      • Polar Urals
        • Tyumenskaya Oblast'
    		6th orogenic lherzolite conference 2014 Morocco; Yang, J., Meng, F., Xu, X., Robinson, P. T., Dilek, Y., Makeyev, A. B., ... & Cliff, J. (2015). Diamonds, native elements and metal alloys from chromitites of the Ray-Iz ophiolite of the Polar Urals. Gondwana Research, 27(2), 459-485.
    South Africa
     
    • KwaZulu-Natal Province
      • Zululand District
    		Buchwald, V. F. (1975) Handbook of Iron Meteorites. University of California Press. 1418 pages.
    • Mpumalanga Province
      • Nkangala District
        • Delmas
    		Minerals of South Africa
    Spain
     
    • Canary Islands
      • Las Palmas Province
        • Fuerteventura
          • Fuerteventura basal complex
    		Groznova M.V., Kogarko L.N.. Senin V.G. (2001) Mineral composition of silicocarbonatites from Fuertaventura Island. in Abstracts – GEODE field workshop 8-12th July 2001 on ilmenite deposits in the Rogaland anorthosite province, S. Norway.
    Sudan
     
    • Nar an Nil
    		Mariam Horstmann, M. Humayun, D. Harries, F. Langenhorst, N. L. Chabot & Addi Bischoff (2012). 43rd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, held March 19-23, 2012 at The Woodlands, Texas. LPI Contribution No. 1659, id.1876.
    Turkey
     
    • Central Anatolia Region
      • Eskişehir Province
    		Buchwald, V. F. (1975) Handbook of Iron Meteorites. University of California Press. 1418 pages.; http://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/handle/10524/35874/vol3-Ri-Ro(LO).pdf#page=14
    UK
     
    • England
      • Shropshire
        • Wellington
    		Buchwald, V. F. (1975) Handbook of Iron Meteorites. University of California Press. 1418 pages.; http://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/handle/10524/35874/vol3-Ri-Ro(LO).pdf#page=14
    USA
     
    • Arizona
      • Coconino Co.
        • Winslow
          • Meteor Crater and vicinity
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 129, 273, 427.
    • Georgia
      • Wilcox Co.
    		Buchwald, V. F. (1975) Handbook of Iron Meteorites. University of California Press. 1418 pages.
    • Kentucky
      • Casey Co.
    		Buchwald, V. F. (1975) Handbook of Iron Meteorites. University of California Press. 3 volumes, 1418 pages.
    • Pennsylvania
      • Chester Co.
        • State Line Chromite District
    		Smith and Barnes (2011) Pennsylvania Geology v. 41, no. 3/4.
      • Lancaster Co.
        • State Line Chromite District
    		Smith and Barnes (2011) Pennsylvania Geology Fall/Winter 2011
    The Moon
    J. Frondel (2009), Lunar Mineralogy, Wiley Interscience
    Mineral and/or Locality  
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