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Wüstite

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Wüstite

Sikhote-Alin meteorite, Paseka village, Sikhote-Alin Mts, Primorskiy Kray, Far-Eastern Region, Russia
Wüstite

Buriatia, Prebaikalia, Eastern-Siberian Region, Russia
Wüstite

Harakas Cove slag locality, Sounion area, Lavrion District slag localities, Lavrion District, Attikí Prefecture, Greece
Wüstite

Sikhote-Alin meteorite, Paseka village, Sikhote-Alin Mts, Primorskiy Kray, Far-Eastern Region, Russia
Wüstite

Buriatia, Prebaikalia, Eastern-Siberian Region, Russia
Wüstite

Harakas Cove slag locality, Sounion area, Lavrion District slag localities, Lavrion District, Attikí Prefecture, Greece
Wüstite

Sikhote-Alin meteorite, Paseka village, Sikhote-Alin Mts, Primorskiy Kray, Far-Eastern Region, Russia
Wüstite

Buriatia, Prebaikalia, Eastern-Siberian Region, Russia
Formula:
FeO
System:
Isometric
Colour:
Black
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
5 - 5½
Member of:
Name:
Named after Ewald Wüst (1875-1934), geologist and palaeontologist, University of Kiel (Germany).
Periclase Group.

Occurs mainly in meteorites and anthropogenic slags.


Classification of Wüstite

IMA status:
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
Strunz 8th ed.:
4/A.04-20
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) ed.:
4.AB.25

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
A : Metal: Oxygen = 2:1 and 1:1
B : M:O = 1:1 (and up to 1:1.25); with small to medium-sized cations only
Dana 8th ed.:
4.2.1.6

4 : SIMPLE OXIDES
2 : AX
Hey's CIM Ref.:
7.20.1

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
20 : Oxides of Fe

Physical Properties of Wüstite

Lustre:
Metallic
Diaphaneity (Transparency):
Opaque
Colour:
Black
Hardness (Mohs):
5 - 5½

Chemical Properties of Wüstite

Formula:
FeO
Elements listed in formula:
Fe, O - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of Wüstite

Crystal System:
Isometric
Class (H-M):
m3m (4/m 3 2/m) - Hexoctahedral
Space Group:
Fm3m
Cell Parameters:
a = 4.296 Å
Unit Cell Volume:
V 79.29 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Comment:
Modulated structure.

Type Occurrence of Wüstite

Type Locality:
Scharnhausen, Ostfildern, Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

Relationship of Wüstite to other Species

Member of:
Periclase Group
Other Members of Group:
BunseniteNiO
PericlaseMgO
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):
4.AB.Carbon Monoxide IceCO
4.AB.05CredneriteCuMnO2
4.AB.10TenoriteCuO
4.AB.15DelafossiteCuFeO2
4.AB.15McconnelliteCuCrO2
4.AB.20BromelliteBeO
4.AB.20ZinciteZnO
4.AB.25BunseniteNiO
4.AB.25LimeCaO
4.AB.25ManganositeMnO
4.AB.25MonteponiteCdO
4.AB.25PericlaseMgO
4.AB.30PalladinitePdO
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:
7.20.2MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
7.20.3MaghemiteFe23+O3
7.20.4HematiteFe2O3
7.20.5Goethiteα-Fe3+O(OH)
7.20.6Akaganeite(Fe3+,Ni2+)8(OH,O)16Cl1.25 · nH2O
7.20.7FeroxyhyteFe3+O(OH)
7.20.8Lepidocrociteγ-Fe3+O(OH)
7.20.9FerrihydriteFe103+O14(OH)2
7.20.10Amakinite(Fe2+,Mg)(OH)2
7.20.11MagnesioferriteMgFe23+O4
7.20.12MuskoxiteMg7Fe4O13 · 10H2O
7.20.13SrebrodolskiteCa2Fe23+O5
7.20.14HercyniteFe2+Al2O4
7.20.15BrownmilleriteCa2(Al,Fe3+)2O5

Other Names for Wüstite

Synonyms:

Iosidérite

Iozite

Wuestite

Name in Other Languages:
Russian:Вюстит
Simplified Chinese:方铁矿
Traditional Chinese:方鐵礦
Varieties:

Magnesiowüstite

Other Information

Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Wüstite

Reference List:
Brun (1924) Arch. sc. phys. nat.: 6: 253 (as Iozite).

Brun (1924) C.R. soc. phys. hist. nat. Genève: 41: 94.

Brun (1924) Schweiz. min. Mitt.: 4: 355.

Palache, C., Berman, H., Frondel, C. (1944) The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume I: Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 503 (as Iozite).

Walenta, K. (1960) Natürliches Eisen(II)-Oxyd (Wüstit) aus der vulkanischen Tuffbreccie von Scharnhausen bei Stuttgart. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte: 150-159 (in German with English abstract).

Chandy, K.C. (1965) Short communications: An occurrence of wüstite. Mineralogical Magazine: 35: 664-666.

Yamamoto, A. (1982) Modulated structure of wüstite (Fe1-xO) (three-dimensional modulation). Acta Crystallographica: B38: 1451-1456.

Hazen, R.M., Jeanloz, R. (1984) Wüstite (Fe1-xO): a review of its defect structure and physical properties. Reviews of Geophysics: 22: 37-46.

Stølen, S., Glöckner, R., Grønvold, F., Atake, T., Izumisawa, S. (1996) Heat capacity and nearly stoichiometric wüstite from 13 to 450 K. American Mineralogist: 81: 973-981.

de Faria, D.L.A., Silva, S.V., de Oliveira, M.T. (1997): Raman microspectroscopy of some iron oxides and oxyhydroxides. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 28, 873-878.

Hanesch, M. (2009): Raman spectroscopy of iron oxides and (oxy)hydroxides at low laser power and possible applications in environmental magnetic studies. Geophys. J. Int. 177, 941-948.

Welberry, T.R., Goossens, D.J., Heerdegen, A.P. (2014) Local order in wüstite using a pair distribution function (PDF) approach. Mineralogical Magazine: 78: 373-385.

Internet Links for Wüstite

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    • Localities for Wüstite

    This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    (TL) indicates type locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) indicates first recorded locality for everything else. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Afghanistan
     
    • Panjsher Province (Panjsheer Province; Panjshir Province; Panjsher Valley; Panjshir Valley)
      • Khinj District
    		Merkel, S., Bräutigam, B., Klein, S., & Hauptmann, A. (2013). The Analysis of Slag from the Panjhır Mining Region, Afghanistan: An Investigation of (Medieval) Silver Production Technology. Archäologische Mitteilungen, 45, 231-250.
    Algeria
     
    • Adrar Province
    		Buchwald, V. F. (1975) Handbook of Iron Meteorites, vol 2: 632-634. University of California Press.
    Antarctica
     
    • Eastern Antarctica
      • Queen Maud Land (Dronning Maud Land)
    		Kimura, M. & Ikeda, Y. (1992). Mineralogy and Petrology of an unusual Belgica-7904 Carbonaceous Chondrite: Genetic Relationships among the Components. Proc. NIPR Symp. Antarct. Meteorites 5: 74-119. (March 1992)
    Argentina
     
    • Chaco
      • Almirante Brown Department
        • Pampa del Infierno
    		http://rruff.info/doclib/hom/wustite.pdf
    Australia
     
    • Queensland
      • Barcoo Shire
        • Windorah
          • Tenham Station
    		Lunar and Planetary Science XXXIV (2003); American Mineralogist, Volume 84, pages 267–271, 1999
    Austria
     
    • Carinthia
      • Friesach - Hüttenberg area
        • Hüttenberg
          • Waitschach
    		Kolitsch, U., Brandstätter, F., Schreiber, F., Fink, R. & Auer, C. (2013): Die Mineralogie der weltweit einzigartigen Schlacken von Waitschach, Kärnten. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, Serie A, 115, 19-87 (in German).
    • Upper Austria
      • Steyr
        • Slag localities
    		peter neschen collection
    Azerbaijan
     
    • Qobustan District (Gobustan; Kobustan)
      • Caspian Sea
    		Novgorodova M.I., Mamedov Yu.G.. Native aluminium from mud volcano at the Bulla island (caspian Sea), - Lithology and Mineral Resourses,1996,N4,p. 339-349
    • Yardymli District
      • Baku
    		Buchwald, V. F. (1975) Handbook of Iron Meteorites, vol 3. University of California Press.
    Brazil
     
    • Mato Grosso
      • Juína
        • Sorriso river
    		Kaminsky, F. V., Wirth, R., & Schreiber, A. (2015). A microinclusion of lower-mantle rock and other mineral and nitrogen lower-mantle inclusions in a diamond. The Canadian Mineralogist, 53(1), 83-104.; Kaminsky, F. V., Ryabchikov, I. D., & Wirth, R. (2015). A primary natrocarbonatitic association in the Deep Earth. Mineralogy and Petrology, 1-12.; Kaminsky, F.V., Wirth, R., Schreiber, A. (2015): A microinclusion of lower-mantle rock and other minerals and nitrogen lower-mantle inclusions in a diamond. Canadian Mineralogist: 53(1): 83-104
    Burkina Faso
     
    • East Region
      • N'Gourma
    		Buchwald, V. F. (1975) Handbook of Iron Meteorites. University of California Press. 1418 pages.
    China
     
    • Anhui Province
      • Bozhou Prefecture
        • Qiaocheng District
          • Xiaoyanzhuang
    		Kuiren Wang (1987): Acta Mineralogica Sinica 7(2), 107-112
    • Hebei Province
      • Chengde Prefecture
        • Yan Mts (Yanshan Mts)
    		Zuxiang Yu (1984): Acta Petrologica Mineralogica et Analytica 3(3), 231-240
    • Hubei Province
      • Suizhou Prefecture
        • Zengdu District (Cengdou District)
          • Xihe
    		[AmMin 85:1564]
    • Jiangsu Province
      • Lianyungang Prefecture
        • Donghai Co.
          • Maobei
    		Jingsui Yang, Zhiqin Xu, Wenji Bai, Qingsong Fang, and Zhongming Zhang (2006): 3rd Annual Meeting of the Asia Oceania Geosciences Society (AOGS), July 10-14, 2006, Abstract 59-SE-A0643.
      • Taizhou Prefecture
        • Gaogang District
          • Sixiangkou
    		Sharp, T. G., Chen, M., & El Goresy, A. (1996) Microstructures of High-Pressure Minerals in Shocked Chondrites: Constraints on the Duration of Shock Events. Journal: Meteoritics & Planetary Science, vol. 31, page A127
    • Tibet Autonomous Region
      • Shannan Prefecture (Lhokha Prefecture; Lhoka Prefecture)
        • Qusum Co. (Qusong Co.)
    		Wenji Bai, Jingsui Yang, Qingsong Fang, Binggan Yan, and Zhongming Zhang (2001): Earth Science Frontiers 8(3), 111-121
    • Xinjiang Autonomous Region
      • Yili Hasake Autonomous Prefecture (Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture)
        • Aletai Prefecture (Altay Prefecture)
          • Fuhai Co. (Burultokay Co.)
    		Yongheng Chen and Daode Wang (1989): Acta Mineralogica Sinica 9(2), 119-125
    Croatia
     
    • Zagreb County
    		Buchwald, V. F. (1975) Handbook of Iron Meteorites. University of California Press. 1418 pages.
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Central Bohemia Region
        • Kutná Hora (Kuttenberg)
          • Poličany
            • Vrchlice river valley
    		Pauliš P. Mineralogické lokality okolí Kutné Hory. Kuttna, Kutná Hora 1999. ISBN 80-902719-0-1.
      • Hradec Králové Region
        • Broumov (Braunau)
    		Buchwald, V. F. (1975) Handbook of Iron Meteorites. University of California Press. 1418 pages.
      • Liberec Region
        • Frýdlant (Frýdlant v Čechác)
    		Seifert, W.; Thomas, R.; Rhede, D.; Förster, H.-J. (2010): Origin of coexisting wustite, MgFe and REE phosphate minerals in graphite-bearing fluorapatite from the Rumburk granite. European Journal of Mineralogy 22, 495-507.
    Estonia
     
    • Saare Co.
    		Marini, F., Raukas, A., & Tiirmaa, R. (2004). Magnetic fines from the Kaali impact-site (Holocene, Estonia): Preliminary SEM investigation. Geochemical Journal, 38(2), 107-120.
    France
     
    • Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
      • Loire
        • La Pacaudière
          • Le Crozet
    		Vernay, R. (1997): Le Crozet (Loire, France). Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, 55(1), 9-22.
    • Brittany
      • Finistère
        • Poullaouen
    		Germain C., Leydet J-C., Saget Ph. (1990), Les minéraux de néoformation de Huelgoat (Finistère), Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, n°3, 3-16
    • Occitanie
      • Hérault
        • Montpellier
          • Clermont l'Hérault
    		Ambert, P., Balestro, F., Laroche, M., Figueroa, V. and Rovira, S. (2014) Technological aspects of the earliest metallurgy in France: ‘furnaces’ and slags from La Capitelle du Broum (Péret, France). Historical Metallurgy 47(1), 60-74.
      • Lozère
        • Pont-de-Montvert
          • Vialas
    		No reference listed
    Germany
     
    • Baden-Württemberg
      • Black Forest
        • Wolfach
          • Oberwolfach
            • Frohnbach valley
    		K. Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992
      • Stuttgart
        • Ostfildern
    		Walenta, K.: Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte (1960): 150-159.
    • Hesse
    		Buchwald, V. F. (1975) Handbook of Iron Meteorites. University of California Press. 1418 pages.
    • North Rhine-Westphalia
      • Sauerland
        • Iserlohn
          • Letmathe
    		http://www.mg-mineralien-fossilien.de/?Rpage=sauerland/?Rpage=letmathe1.html
    • Schleswig-Holstein
      • Bredstedt
        • Joldelund
    		A. Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", Schweizerbart (Stuttgart), 2001
    Greece
     
    • Attikí Prefecture (Attica; Attika)
      • Lavrion District (Laurion; Laurium)
        • Lavrion District slag localities
          • Sounion area
    		Stephan Wolfsried specimen
    Greenland
     
    • Qaasuitsup
      • Qeqertarsuaq Island (Disko Island)
    		Ulff-Møller, F. (1985): Solidification History of the KitdlÎt Lens: Immiscible Metal and Sulphide Liquids from a Basaltic Dyke on Disko, Central West Greenland Journal of Petrology. 26,64-91.
    India
     
    • Andhra Pradesh
      • Visakhapatnam District
    		Buchwald, V. F. (1975) Handbook of Iron Meteorites. University of California Press. 1418 pages.
    • Bihar
      • Muzaffarpur
    		Buchwald, V. F. (1975) Handbook of Iron Meteorites. vol 3: University of California Press. 1418 pages.
    • Rajasthan (Rajputana)
      • Ajmer Division
        • Bhilwara District
    		Buchwald, V. F. (1975) Handbook of Iron Meteorites. University of California Press. 1418 pages.
      • Alwar district
    		Bapna, V. S., Sharma, P. N., Sathe, M. D., Mathur, K. N. & Dwivedi, G. L. (1991) The Raghunathpura iron meteorite from Alwar, India: Meteoritics 26 (1): 65-67. (March 1991)
    Italy
     
    • Aosta Valley
      • Saint-Marcel
        • Servette-Chuc mining complex
    		Gordon, J. (2004): Mineral notes from Italy: Servette Mine and Strahlers' Display. Bulletin of the Mineralogical Society of Southern California, 74, 12; http://www.mineralsocal.org/bulletin/2004/2004_dec.htm; Tumiati, S., Casartelli, P., Mambretti, A., Martin, S., Frizzo, P., Rottoli, M. (2005): The ancient mine of Servette (Saint-Marcel, Val d' Aosta, western Italian Alps): A mineralogical, metallurgical and charcoal analysis of furnace slags. Archaeometry, 47, 317-340.
    • Emilia-Romagna
      • Ferrara Province
        • Vigarano Mainarda
          • Vigarano Pieve
    		E. K. Zinner, C. Caillet & A. El Goresy (1991). Evidence for extraneous origin of a magnesiowüstite-metal Fremdling from the Vigarano CV3 chondrite. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 102, #33-34, 252-264.
    • Tuscany
      • Florence Province
    		Carapezza, M., Nuccio, P.M. & Valenza, M. (1975) Piancaldoli meteorite: chemistry and mineralogy: Meteoritics 10: p.379. (Dec 1975).
    Libya
     
    • Al Jufrah District
      • Dar al Gani
    		Masaaki Miyahara1, Eiji Ohtani, Shin Ozawa, Makoto Kimura, Ahmed El Goresy, Takeshi Sakai1, Toshiro Nagase1, Kenji Hiraga, Naohisa Hirao, Yasuo Ohishi (2011) Dissociation of olivine to silicate-perovskite and magesiowustite in the shocked Martian meteorite DaG 735. Japan Geooscience Union Meeting Makuhari, Chiba Japan.
    Mexico
     
    • Oaxaca
      • Mun. de Santo Domingo de Yanhuitlan
    		Buchwald, V. F. (1975) Handbook of Iron Meteorites. University of California Press. 1418 pages.
    • Zacatecas
      • Mun. de Mazapil
        • Mazapil
    		Handbook of Iron Meteorites, vol 2: 808—813. University of California Press.
    Morocco
     
    • Souss-Massa Region
      • Tata Province
    		Ma, C., Tschauner, O., Liu, Y., Beckett, J. R., Rossman, G. R., Zuravlev, K., ... & Taylor, L. A. (2014, March). Discovery of Ahrensite gamma-Fe2SiO4 and Tissintite (Ca, Na, □) AlSi2O6: Two New High Pressure Minerals from the Tissint Martian Meteorite. In Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (Vol. 45, p. 1222).
    Myanmar
     
    • Kachin State
      • Mohnyin District (Moe Hnyin District)
        • Hpakant Township (Hpakan; Phakant; Phakan)
    		Shi, G. H., Zhu, X. K., Deng, J., Mao, Q., Liu, Y. X., & Li, G. W. (2011). Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 75(6), 1608-1620
    Namibia
     
    • Otjikoto Region (Oshikoto)
      • Tsumeb
    		Ettler, V., Johan, Z., Kříbek, B., Šebek, O. & Mihaljevič, M. (2009): Mineralogy and environmental stability of slags from the Tsumeb smelter, Namibia. Applied Geochemistry 24, 1-15.
    Oman
     
    • Dhofar Governorate (Al Janubiyah Province)
    		D.D. Badjukov et al. , Lunar and Planetary Science, XXXVI (2005), 1684.pdf
    Pakistan
     
    • Sindh
      • Sukkur District
    		Buchwald, V. F. (1975) Handbook of Iron Meteorites. University of California Press. 1418 pages.
    Poland
     
    • Małopolskie
      • Olkusz District
    		Ref.: Kucha H., Jędrzejczyk B. 1995: Primary minerals of mining and metallurgical Zn-Pb dumps at Bukowno, Poland, and their stability during weathering. Mineralogia Polonica, vol. 26, No 2, 75-99
    Portugal
     
    • Évora District
      • Alandroal
    		Buchwald, V. F. (1975) Handbook of Iron Meteorites, vol 2. University of California Press.
    Romania
     
    • Maramureș Co.
    		http://minerals-of-the-carpathians.eu; Hîrtopanu, P. (2006) One Hundred Minerals For One Hundred Years (dedicated To The Centennial Of The Geological Institute Of Romania) Acta Mineralogica-Petrographica, Abstract Series 5, Szeged, p38
    Russia
     
    • Eastern-Siberian Region
      • Krasnoyarsk Territory (Krasnoyarsk Kray; Krasnoyarskii Krai)
        • Targhasa massif
    		L. N. Novoselova, A. Yu. Lyul (1986) Geochemical characteristics of iron silicides from Lower Cambrian reefal limestones, Krasnoyarsk. International Geology Review 28:114-118
      • Sakha Republic (Saha Republic; Yakutia)
    		[World of Stones 12:49]
      • Taymyrskiy Autonomous Okrug
        • Kureika river
          • Dzheltul'skii massif
    		P.M. Kartashov data
        • Taimyr Peninsula
          • Khatanga
            • Malaya Romanikha River
    		Pavel M. Kartashov data
    • Far-Eastern Region
      • Primorskiy Kray
    		Buchwald, V. F. (1975) Handbook of Iron Meteorites. University of California Press. 1418 pages.
        • Sikhote-Alin Mts
          • Paseka village
    		Pavel M. Kartashov data
    • Northern Region
      • Karelia Republic
    		www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/metsoc2003/pdf/5072.pdf.
    • Urals Region
      • Southern Urals
        • Chelyabinsk Oblast'
    		Cesnokov, B., Kotrly, M. and Nisanbajev, T. (1998): Brennende Abraumhalden und Aufschlüsse im Tscheljabinsker Kohlenbecken - eine reiche Mineralienküche. Mineralien-Welt, 9 (3), 54-63 (in German).
    • Western-Siberian Region
      • Polar Urals
        • Tyumenskaya Oblast'
    		6th orogenic lherzolite conference 2014 Morocco; Yang, J., Meng, F., Xu, X., Robinson, P. T., Dilek, Y., Makeyev, A. B., ... & Cliff, J. (2015). Diamonds, native elements and metal alloys from chromitites of the Ray-Iz ophiolite of the Polar Urals. Gondwana Research, 27(2), 459-485.
    South Africa
     
    • KwaZulu-Natal Province
      • Zululand District
    		Buchwald, V. F. (1975) Handbook of Iron Meteorites. University of California Press. 1418 pages.
    • Mpumalanga Province
      • Nkangala District
        • Delmas
    		Minerals of South Africa
    Spain
     
    • Canary Islands
      • Las Palmas Province
        • Fuerteventura
          • Fuerteventura basal complex
    		Groznova M.V., Kogarko L.N.. Senin V.G. (2001) Mineral composition of silicocarbonatites from Fuertaventura Island. in Abstracts – GEODE field workshop 8-12th July 2001 on ilmenite deposits in the Rogaland anorthosite province, S. Norway.
    Sudan
     
    • Nar an Nil
    		Mariam Horstmann, M. Humayun, D. Harries, F. Langenhorst, N. L. Chabot & Addi Bischoff (2012). 43rd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, held March 19-23, 2012 at The Woodlands, Texas. LPI Contribution No. 1659, id.1876.
    Turkey
     
    • Central Anatolia Region
      • Eskişehir Province
    		Buchwald, V. F. (1975) Handbook of Iron Meteorites. University of California Press. 1418 pages.; http://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/handle/10524/35874/vol3-Ri-Ro(LO).pdf#page=14
    UK
     
    • England
      • Shropshire
        • Wellington
    		Buchwald, V. F. (1975) Handbook of Iron Meteorites. University of California Press. 1418 pages.; http://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/handle/10524/35874/vol3-Ri-Ro(LO).pdf#page=14
    USA
     
    • Arizona
      • Coconino Co.
        • Winslow
          • Meteor Crater and vicinity
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 129, 273, 427.
    • Georgia
      • Wilcox Co.
    		Buchwald, V. F. (1975) Handbook of Iron Meteorites. University of California Press. 1418 pages.
    • Kentucky
      • Casey Co.
    		Buchwald, V. F. (1975) Handbook of Iron Meteorites. University of California Press. 3 volumes, 1418 pages.
    • Pennsylvania
      • Chester Co.
        • State Line Chromite District
    		Smith and Barnes (2011) Pennsylvania Geology v. 41, no. 3/4.
      • Lancaster Co.
        • State Line Chromite District
    		Smith and Barnes (2011) Pennsylvania Geology Fall/Winter 2011
    The Moon
    J. Frondel (2009), Lunar Mineralogy, Wiley Interscience
    Mineral and/or Locality  
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