Wüstite
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About Wüstite
Formula:
FeO
Colour:
Black
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
5 - 5½
Crystal System:
Isometric
Member of:
Name:
Named after Ewald Wüst (1875-1934), geologist and palaeontologist, University of Kiel (Germany).
Classification of Wüstite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
4/A.04-20
4.AB.25
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
A : Metal: Oxygen = 2:1 and 1:1
B : M:O = 1:1 (and up to 1:1.25); with small to medium-sized cations only
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
A : Metal: Oxygen = 2:1 and 1:1
B : M:O = 1:1 (and up to 1:1.25); with small to medium-sized cations only
4.2.1.6
4 : SIMPLE OXIDES
2 : AX
4 : SIMPLE OXIDES
2 : AX
7.20.1
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
20 : Oxides of Fe
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
20 : Oxides of Fe
Physical Properties of Wüstite
Chemical Properties of Wüstite
Formula:
FeO
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Wüstite
Crystal System:
Isometric
Class (H-M):
m3m (4/m 3 2/m) - Hexoctahedral
Space Group:
Fm3m
Cell Parameters:
a = 4.296 Å
Unit Cell V:
79.29 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Comment:
Modulated structure.
Type Occurrence of Wüstite
Synonyms of Wüstite
Other Language Names for Wüstite
Varieties of Wüstite
Magnesiowüstite | Fe-bearing variety of periclase. Used synonymously with ferropericlase. |
Relationship of Wüstite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Bunsenite | NiO | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m |
Manganosite | MnO | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m |
Periclase | MgO | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
Kamacite | 7 photos of Wüstite associated with Kamacite on mindat.org. |
Goethite | 3 photos of Wüstite associated with Goethite on mindat.org. |
Schreibersite | 2 photos of Wüstite associated with Schreibersite on mindat.org. |
Taenite | 2 photos of Wüstite associated with Taenite on mindat.org. |
Iron | 1 photo of Wüstite associated with Iron on mindat.org. |
Gypsum | 1 photo of Wüstite associated with Gypsum on mindat.org. |
Magnetite | 1 photo of Wüstite associated with Magnetite on mindat.org. |
Aragonite | 1 photo of Wüstite associated with Aragonite on mindat.org. |
Elyite | 1 photo of Wüstite associated with Elyite on mindat.org. |
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping
4.AB. | Carbon Monoxide Ice | CO | |
4.AB.05 | Crednerite | CuMnO2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
4.AB.10 | Tenorite | CuO | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
4.AB.15 | Delafossite | CuFeO2 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) |
4.AB.15 | Mcconnellite | CuCrO2 | Trig. |
4.AB.20 | Bromellite | BeO | Hex. 6mm : P63mc |
4.AB.20 | Zincite | ZnO | Hex. 6mm : P63mc |
4.AB.25 | Bunsenite | NiO | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m |
4.AB.25 | Lime | CaO | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) |
4.AB.25 | Manganosite | MnO | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m |
4.AB.25 | Monteponite | CdO | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m |
4.AB.25 | Periclase | MgO | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m |
4.AB.30 | Palladinite | PdO | Tet. |
Related Minerals - Dana Grouping (8th Ed.)
4.2.1.1 | Periclase | MgO | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m |
4.2.1.2 | Bunsenite | NiO | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m |
4.2.1.3 | Manganosite | MnO | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m |
4.2.1.4 | Monteponite | CdO | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m |
4.2.1.5 | Lime | CaO | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) |
4.2.1.7 | Hongquiite | TiO |
Related Minerals - Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals Grouping
7.20.2 | Magnetite | Fe2+Fe3+2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
7.20.3 | Maghemite | Fe3+2O3 | Iso. 4 3 2 : P41 3 2 |
7.20.4 | Hematite | Fe2O3 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3c |
7.20.5 | Goethite | α-Fe3+O(OH) | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
7.20.6 | Akaganeite | (Fe3+,Ni2+)8(OH,O)16Cl1.25 · nH2O | Mon. 2/m |
7.20.7 | Feroxyhyte | Fe3+O(OH) | Hex. |
7.20.8 | Lepidocrocite | γ-Fe3+O(OH) | Orth. mm2 : Cmc21 |
7.20.9 | Ferrihydrite | Fe3+10O14(OH)2 | Trig. |
7.20.10 | Amakinite | (Fe2+,Mg)(OH)2 | Trig. |
7.20.11 | Magnesioferrite | MgFe3+2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
7.20.12 | Muskoxite | Mg7Fe4O13 · 10H2O | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) |
7.20.13 | Srebrodolskite | Ca2Fe3+2O5 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma |
7.20.14 | Hercynite | Fe2+Al2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
7.20.15 | Brownmillerite | Ca2(Al,Fe3+)2O5 | Orth. mm2 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
References for Wüstite
Reference List:
Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)
Brun (1924) Arch. sc. phys. nat.: 6: 253 (as Iozite).
Brun (1924) C.R. soc. phys. hist. nat. Genève: 41: 94.
Brun (1924) Schweiz. min. Mitt.: 4: 355.
Palache, C., Berman, H., Frondel, C. (1944) The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume I: Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 503 (as Iozite).
Walenta, K. (1960) Natürliches Eisen(II)-Oxyd (Wüstit) aus der vulkanischen Tuffbreccie von Scharnhausen bei Stuttgart. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte: 150-159 (in German with English abstract).
Chandy, K.C. (1965) Short communications: An occurrence of wüstite. Mineralogical Magazine: 35: 664-666.
Yamamoto, A. (1982) Modulated structure of wüstite (Fe1-xO) (three-dimensional modulation). Acta Crystallographica: B38: 1451-1456.
Hazen, R.M., Jeanloz, R. (1984) Wüstite (Fe1-xO): a review of its defect structure and physical properties. Reviews of Geophysics: 22: 37-46.
Stølen, S., Glöckner, R., Grønvold, F., Atake, T., Izumisawa, S. (1996) Heat capacity and nearly stoichiometric wüstite from 13 to 450 K. American Mineralogist: 81: 973-981.
de Faria, D.L.A., Silva, S.V., de Oliveira, M.T. (1997): Raman microspectroscopy of some iron oxides and oxyhydroxides. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 28, 873-878.
Hanesch, M. (2009): Raman spectroscopy of iron oxides and (oxy)hydroxides at low laser power and possible applications in environmental magnetic studies. Geophys. J. Int. 177, 941-948.
Welberry, T.R., Goossens, D.J., Heerdegen, A.P. (2014) Local order in wüstite using a pair distribution function (PDF) approach. Mineralogical Magazine: 78: 373-385.
Internet Links for Wüstite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-4316.html
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External Links:
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Localities for Wüstite
Locality List




All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Afghanistan | |
| Merkel, S., Bräutigam, B., Klein, S., & Hauptmann, A. (2013). The Analysis of Slag from the Panjhır Mining Region, Afghanistan: An Investigation of (Medieval) Silver Production Technology. Archäologische Mitteilungen, 45, 231-250. |
Algeria | |
| Buchwald, V. F. (1975) Handbook of Iron Meteorites, vol 2: 632-634. University of California Press. |
Antarctica | |
| Kimura, M. & Ikeda, Y. (1992). Mineralogy and Petrology of an unusual Belgica-7904 Carbonaceous Chondrite: Genetic Relationships among the Components. Proc. NIPR Symp. Antarct. Meteorites 5: 74-119. (March 1992) |
Argentina | |
| http://rruff.info/doclib/hom/wustite.pdf |
Australia | |
| Lunar and Planetary Science XXXIV (2003); American Mineralogist, Volume 84, pages 267–271, 1999 |
Austria | |
| Kolitsch, U., Brandstätter, F., Schreiber, F., Fink, R. & Auer, C. (2013): Die Mineralogie der weltweit einzigartigen Schlacken von Waitschach, Kärnten. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, Serie A, 115, 19-87 (in German). |
| peter neschen collection |
Azerbaijan | |
| Novgorodova M.I., Mamedov Yu.G.. Native aluminium from mud volcano at the Bulla island (caspian Sea), - Lithology and Mineral Resourses,1996,N4,p. 339-349 |
| Buchwald, V. F. (1975) Handbook of Iron Meteorites, vol 3. University of California Press. |
Brazil | |
| Kaminsky, F. V., Wirth, R., & Schreiber, A. (2015). A microinclusion of lower-mantle rock and other mineral and nitrogen lower-mantle inclusions in a diamond. The Canadian Mineralogist, 53(1), 83-104.; Kaminsky, F. V., Ryabchikov, I. D., & Wirth, R. (2015). A primary natrocarbonatitic association in the Deep Earth. Mineralogy and Petrology, 1-12.; Kaminsky, F.V., Wirth, R., Schreiber, A. (2015): A microinclusion of lower-mantle rock and other minerals and nitrogen lower-mantle inclusions in a diamond. Canadian Mineralogist: 53(1): 83-104 |
Burkina Faso | |
| Buchwald, V. F. (1975) Handbook of Iron Meteorites. University of California Press. 1418 pages. |
China | |
| Kuiren Wang (1987): Acta Mineralogica Sinica 7(2), 107-112 |
| Zuxiang Yu (1984): Acta Petrologica Mineralogica et Analytica 3(3), 231-240 |
| [AmMin 85:1564] |
| Jingsui Yang, Zhiqin Xu, Wenji Bai, Qingsong Fang, and Zhongming Zhang (2006): 3rd Annual Meeting of the Asia Oceania Geosciences Society (AOGS), July 10-14, 2006, Abstract 59-SE-A0643. |
| Sharp, T. G., Chen, M., & El Goresy, A. (1996) Microstructures of High-Pressure Minerals in Shocked Chondrites: Constraints on the Duration of Shock Events. Journal: Meteoritics & Planetary Science, vol. 31, page A127 |
| Wenji Bai, Jingsui Yang, Qingsong Fang, Binggan Yan, and Zhongming Zhang (2001): Earth Science Frontiers 8(3), 111-121 |
| Xiangzhen, X., Jingsui, Y., Songyong, C., Qingsong, F., Wenji, B., & Dengzhu, B. (2009). Unusual mantle mineral group from chromitite ore body Cr-11 in Luobusa ophiolite of Yarlung-Zangbo suture zone, Tibet. Journal of Earth Science, 20(2), 284-302. |
| Yongheng Chen and Daode Wang (1989): Acta Mineralogica Sinica 9(2), 119-125 |
Croatia | |
| Buchwald, V. F. (1975) Handbook of Iron Meteorites. University of California Press. 1418 pages. |
Czech Republic | |
| Pauliš P. Mineralogické lokality okolí Kutné Hory. Kuttna, Kutná Hora 1999. ISBN 80-902719-0-1. |
| Buchwald, V. F. (1975) Handbook of Iron Meteorites. University of California Press. 1418 pages. |
| Seifert, W.; Thomas, R.; Rhede, D.; Förster, H.-J. (2010): Origin of coexisting wustite, MgFe and REE phosphate minerals in graphite-bearing fluorapatite from the Rumburk granite. European Journal of Mineralogy 22, 495-507. |
Denmark | |
| Ulff-Møller, F. (1985): Solidification History of the KitdlÎt Lens: Immiscible Metal and Sulphide Liquids from a Basaltic Dyke on Disko, Central West Greenland Journal of Petrology. 26,64-91. |
Estonia | |
| Marini, F., Raukas, A., & Tiirmaa, R. (2004). Magnetic fines from the Kaali impact-site (Holocene, Estonia): Preliminary SEM investigation. Geochemical Journal, 38(2), 107-120. |
France | |
| Vernay, R. (1997): Le Crozet (Loire, France). Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, 55(1), 9-22. |
| Germain C., Leydet J-C., Saget Ph. (1990), Les minéraux de néoformation de Huelgoat (Finistère), Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, n°3, 3-16 |
| Ambert, P., Balestro, F., Laroche, M., Figueroa, V. and Rovira, S. (2014) Technological aspects of the earliest metallurgy in France: ‘furnaces’ and slags from La Capitelle du Broum (Péret, France). Historical Metallurgy 47(1), 60-74. |
| No reference listed |
Germany | |
| K. Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992 |
| Walenta, K.: Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte (1960): 150-159. |
| Buchwald, V. F. (1975) Handbook of Iron Meteorites. University of California Press. 1418 pages. |
| Bender, D. and Krimmelbein, W. (1994) Aktuelle Übersicht: Mineralien der Zinkhütte Genna/Sauerland. Stand Juni 1994. Mineralien-Welt, 4/94, 10.; http://www.mg-mineralien-fossilien.de/?Rpage=sauerland/?Rpage=letmathe1.html |
| A. Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", Schweizerbart (Stuttgart), 2001 |
Greece | |
| Stephan Wolfsried specimen |
India | |
| Buchwald, V. F. (1975) Handbook of Iron Meteorites. University of California Press. 1418 pages. |
| Buchwald, V. F. (1975) Handbook of Iron Meteorites. vol 3: University of California Press. 1418 pages. |
| Buchwald, V. F. (1975) Handbook of Iron Meteorites. University of California Press. 1418 pages. |
| Bapna, V. S., Sharma, P. N., Sathe, M. D., Mathur, K. N. & Dwivedi, G. L. (1991) The Raghunathpura iron meteorite from Alwar, India: Meteoritics 26 (1): 65-67. (March 1991) |
Italy | |
| Gordon, J. (2004): Mineral notes from Italy: Servette Mine and Strahlers' Display. Bulletin of the Mineralogical Society of Southern California, 74, 12; http://www.mineralsocal.org/bulletin/2004/2004_dec.htm; Tumiati, S., Casartelli, P., Mambretti, A., Martin, S., Frizzo, P., Rottoli, M. (2005): The ancient mine of Servette (Saint-Marcel, Val d' Aosta, western Italian Alps): A mineralogical, metallurgical and charcoal analysis of furnace slags. Archaeometry, 47, 317-340. |
| E. K. Zinner, C. Caillet & A. El Goresy (1991). Evidence for extraneous origin of a magnesiowüstite-metal Fremdling from the Vigarano CV3 chondrite. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 102, #33-34, 252-264. |
| Carapezza, M., Nuccio, P.M. & Valenza, M. (1975) Piancaldoli meteorite: chemistry and mineralogy: Meteoritics 10: p.379. (Dec 1975). |
| Franzini, M., Perchiazzi, N. (1992): I minerali delle scorie ferrifere etrusche di Baratti (Livorno). Atti della Società Toscana di Scienze Naturali, Memorie, Serie A, 99, 43-77; Franzini, M., Perchiazzi, N., Bartoli, M.L., Chiappino, L. (1992): Baratti (LI): una nuova località mineralogica italiana analoga al Laurion. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 15, 1 (1-1992), 1-14 [1a parte]; Benvenuti, M., Mascaro, I., Costagliola, P., Tanelli, G., Romualdi, A. (2000): Iron, copper and tin at Baratti (Populonia): smelting processes and metal provenances. Historical Metallurgy, 34, 2, 67-76. |
Libya | |
| Masaaki Miyahara1, Eiji Ohtani, Shin Ozawa, Makoto Kimura, Ahmed El Goresy, Takeshi Sakai1, Toshiro Nagase1, Kenji Hiraga, Naohisa Hirao, Yasuo Ohishi (2011) Dissociation of olivine to silicate-perovskite and magesiowustite in the shocked Martian meteorite DaG 735. Japan Geooscience Union Meeting Makuhari, Chiba Japan. |
Mexico | |
| Buchwald, V. F. (1975) Handbook of Iron Meteorites. University of California Press. 1418 pages. |
| Handbook of Iron Meteorites, vol 2: 808—813. University of California Press. |
Morocco | |
| Ma, C., Tschauner, O., Liu, Y., Beckett, J. R., Rossman, G. R., Zuravlev, K., ... & Taylor, L. A. (2014, March). Discovery of Ahrensite gamma-Fe2SiO4 and Tissintite (Ca, Na, □) AlSi2O6: Two New High Pressure Minerals from the Tissint Martian Meteorite. In Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (Vol. 45, p. 1222). |
Myanmar | |
| Shi, G. H., Zhu, X. K., Deng, J., Mao, Q., Liu, Y. X., & Li, G. W. (2011). Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 75(6), 1608-1620 |
Namibia | |
| Ettler, V., Johan, Z., Kříbek, B., Šebek, O. & Mihaljevič, M. (2009): Mineralogy and environmental stability of slags from the Tsumeb smelter, Namibia. Applied Geochemistry 24, 1-15. |
Oman | |
| D.D. Badjukov et al. , Lunar and Planetary Science, XXXVI (2005), 1684.pdf |
Pakistan | |
| Buchwald, V. F. (1975) Handbook of Iron Meteorites. University of California Press. 1418 pages. |
Poland | |
| Ref.: Kucha H., Jędrzejczyk B. 1995: Primary minerals of mining and metallurgical Zn-Pb dumps at Bukowno, Poland, and their stability during weathering. Mineralogia Polonica, vol. 26, No 2, 75-99 |
Portugal | |
| Buchwald, V. F. (1975) Handbook of Iron Meteorites, vol 2. University of California Press. |
Romania | |
| http://minerals-of-the-carpathians.eu; Hîrtopanu, P. (2006) One Hundred Minerals For One Hundred Years (dedicated To The Centennial Of The Geological Institute Of Romania) Acta Mineralogica-Petrographica, Abstract Series 5, Szeged, p38 |
Russia | |
| Cesnokov, B., Kotrly, M. and Nisanbajev, T. (1998): Brennende Abraumhalden und Aufschlüsse im Tscheljabinsker Kohlenbecken - eine reiche Mineralienküche. Mineralien-Welt, 9 (3), 54-63 (in German). |
| L. N. Novoselova, A. Yu. Lyul (1986) Geochemical characteristics of iron silicides from Lower Cambrian reefal limestones, Krasnoyarsk. International Geology Review 28:114-118 |
| P.M. Kartashov data |
| Pavel M. Kartashov data |
| Buchwald, V. F. (1975) Handbook of Iron Meteorites. University of California Press. 1418 pages. |
| Pavel M. Kartashov data |
| www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/metsoc2003/pdf/5072.pdf. |
| [World of Stones 12:49] |
| Skvortsova V, Samoylovich M, Belyanin A (2014) Iron containing surfaces of contact of diamond with kimberlite. 21 st meeting of the International Mineralogical Association. |
| 6th orogenic lherzolite conference 2014 Morocco; Yang, J., Meng, F., Xu, X., Robinson, P. T., Dilek, Y., Makeyev, A. B., ... & Cliff, J. (2015). Diamonds, native elements and metal alloys from chromitites of the Ray-Iz ophiolite of the Polar Urals. Gondwana Research, 27(2), 459-485. |
Sierra Leone | |
| Haggerty, S. E., Hargraves, R. B., & Tompkins, L. A. (1990). Oxide mineralogy and magnetic properties of the Koidu kimberlite complex, Sierra Leone, west Africa. Geophysical Journal International, 100(2), 275-283. |
South Africa | |
| Buchwald, V. F. (1975) Handbook of Iron Meteorites. University of California Press. 1418 pages. |
| Minerals of South Africa |
Spain | |
| Groznova M.V., Kogarko L.N.. Senin V.G. (2001) Mineral composition of silicocarbonatites from Fuertaventura Island. in Abstracts – GEODE field workshop 8-12th July 2001 on ilmenite deposits in the Rogaland anorthosite province, S. Norway. |
Sudan | |
| Mariam Horstmann, M. Humayun, D. Harries, F. Langenhorst, N. L. Chabot & Addi Bischoff (2012). 43rd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, held March 19-23, 2012 at The Woodlands, Texas. LPI Contribution No. 1659, id.1876. |
Turkey | |
| Buchwald, V. F. (1975) Handbook of Iron Meteorites. University of California Press. 1418 pages.; http://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/handle/10524/35874/vol3-Ri-Ro(LO).pdf#page=14 |
UK | |
| Buchwald, V. F. (1975) Handbook of Iron Meteorites. University of California Press. 1418 pages.; http://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/handle/10524/35874/vol3-Ri-Ro(LO).pdf#page=14 |
USA | |
| Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 129, 273, 427. |
| Buchwald, V. F. (1975) Handbook of Iron Meteorites. University of California Press. 1418 pages. |
| Buchwald, V. F. (1975) Handbook of Iron Meteorites. University of California Press. 3 volumes, 1418 pages. |
| Smith and Barnes (2011) Pennsylvania Geology v. 41, no. 3/4. |
| Smith and Barnes (2011) Pennsylvania Geology Fall/Winter 2011 |
The Moon | J. Frondel (2009), Lunar Mineralogy, Wiley Interscience |
Sikhote-Alin meteorite, Paseka village, Primorsky Krai, Russia