Xonotlite
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About Xonotlite
Formula:
Ca6(Si6O17)(OH)2
Colour:
White, grey, pale pink, colorless
Lustre:
Vitreous, Silky, Pearly
Hardness:
6½
Specific Gravity:
2.70 - 2.72
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named in 1866 by Karl Friedrich August Rammelsberg after its discovery locality, Tetela de Xonotla, Mexico.
Type Locality:
An ino-silicate mineral with double dreier chains. Several polytypes are known (Hejny & Armbruster, 2001): Ma2bc (space group P2/a, a = 17.032, b = 7.363, c = 7.012 Å, β = 90.36°), Ma2b2c (space group A2/a, a = 17.032, b = 7.363, c = 14.023 Å, β = 90.36°) and M2a2bc (space group P-1 , a = 8.712, b = 7.363, c = 7.012 Å, α = 89.99° β = 90.36°, γ = 102.18°).
Related to the Tobermorite Group.
Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Xonotlite.
Related to the Tobermorite Group.
Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Xonotlite.
Classification of Xonotlite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
First published:
1866
8/F.21-30
9.DG.35
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
G : Inosilicates with 3-periodic single and multiple chains
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
G : Inosilicates with 3-periodic single and multiple chains
66.3.1.1
66 : INOSILICATES Double-Width,Unbranched Chains,(W=2)
3 : Amphiboles - Ca-Na subgroup
66 : INOSILICATES Double-Width,Unbranched Chains,(W=2)
3 : Amphiboles - Ca-Na subgroup
14.5.12
14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
5 : Silicates of Ca
14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
5 : Silicates of Ca
Pronounciation of Xonotlite
Pronounciation:
Play | Recorded by | Country |
---|---|---|
Jolyon & Katya Ralph | United Kingdom |
Physical Properties of Xonotlite
Vitreous, Silky, Pearly
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
White, grey, pale pink, colorless
Streak:
White
Hardness:
6½ on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
Perfect
Fracture:
Splintery
Density:
2.70 - 2.72 g/cm3 (Measured) 2.71 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Xonotlite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.583 nβ = 1.585 nγ = 1.595
2V:
Calculated: 50°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.012

Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
small
Comments:
Z = b
Chemical Properties of Xonotlite
Formula:
Ca6(Si6O17)(OH)2
IMA Formula:
Ca6Si6O17(OH)2
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
Fe,Mn,H2O
Crystallography of Xonotlite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Cell Parameters:
a = 17.032 Å, b = 7.363 Å, c = 7.012 Å
β = 90.36°
β = 90.36°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 2.313 : 1 : 0.952
Unit Cell V:
879.33 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Comment:
Space group P2/a (Ma2bc polytype).
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0011088 | Xonotlite | Hejny C, Armbruster T (2001) Polytypism in xonotlite Ca6Si6O17(OH)2 Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 216 396-408 | ![]() | 2001 | model structure, not experimentally determined | 0 | 293 |
0011089 | Xonotlite | Hejny C, Armbruster T (2001) Polytypism in xonotlite Ca6Si6O17(OH)2 Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 216 396-408 | ![]() | 2001 | model structure, not experimentally determined | 0 | 293 |
0011090 | Xonotlite | Hejny C, Armbruster T (2001) Polytypism in xonotlite Ca6Si6O17(OH)2 Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 216 396-408 | ![]() | 2001 | model structure, not experimentally determined | 0 | 293 |
0014421 | Xonotlite | Kudoh Y, Takeuchi Y (1979) Polytypism in xonotlite: (I) Structure of an A-1 polytype Mineralogical Journal 9 349-373 | ![]() | 1979 | Heguri, Chiba Prefecture, Japan | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
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Radiation - Copper Kα
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Type Occurrence of Xonotlite
Reference:
Rammelsberg, K. (1866) Ueber den Xonaltit, ein neues wasserhaltiges Kalksilikat, und den Bustamit aus Mexiko. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft: 18: 33-34.
Synonyms of Xonotlite
Other Language Names for Xonotlite
Varieties of Xonotlite
Magnesium-bearing Xonotlite | A Mg-bearing variety of xonotlite. |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
24 photos of Xonotlite associated with Inesite | Ca2(Mn,Fe)7Si10O28(OH)2 · 5H2O |
19 photos of Xonotlite associated with Roeblingite | Pb2Ca6Mn2+(Si3O9)2(SO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
18 photos of Xonotlite associated with Hendricksite | KZn3(Si3Al)O10(OH)2 |
16 photos of Xonotlite associated with Clinohedrite | CaZn(SiO4) · H2O |
15 photos of Xonotlite associated with Ganophyllite | (K,Na,Ca)2Mn8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)32 · 8H2O |
13 photos of Xonotlite associated with Hydroxyapophyllite-(K) | KCa4(Si8O20)(OH,F) · 8H2O |
13 photos of Xonotlite associated with Stringhamite | CaCu(SiO4) · H2O |
11 photos of Xonotlite associated with Prehnite | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
11 photos of Xonotlite associated with Olmiite | CaMn2+[SiO3(OH)](OH) |
10 photos of Xonotlite associated with Datolite | CaB(SiO4)(OH) |
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping
9.DG. | Calcinaksite | KNaCa(Si4O10) · H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
9.DG. | Barrydawsonite-(Y) | Na1.5Y0.5CaSi3O8(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
9.DG.05 | Bustamite | CaMn2+(Si2O6) | Tric. 1 : P1 |
9.DG.05 | Ferrobustamite | CaFe2+(Si2O6) | Tric. |
9.DG.05 | Pectolite | NaCa2Si3O8(OH) | Tric. 1 : P1 |
9.DG.05 | Serandite | NaMn2+2Si3O8(OH) | Tric. 1 : P1 |
9.DG.05 | Wollastonite | CaSiO3 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
9.DG.05 | Wollastonite-1A | CaSiO3 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
9.DG.07 | Cascandite | CaScSi3O8(OH) | Tric. 1 |
9.DG.08 | Plombièrite | [Ca4Si6O16(OH)2 · 2H2O] · (Ca · 5H2O) | Orth. |
9.DG.10 | Clinotobermorite | [Ca4Si6O17 · 2H2O] · (Ca · 3H2O) | Mon. |
9.DG.10 | Riversideite | Ca5(HSi3O9)2 · 2H2O | Orth. |
9.DG.10 | Tobermorite | Ca4Si6O17(H2O)2 · (Ca · 3H2O) | Orth. |
9.DG.15 | Foshagite | Ca4(Si3O9)(OH)2 | Tric. |
9.DG.20 | Jennite | Ca9(Si3O9)2(OH)8 · 8H2O | Tric. |
9.DG.25 | Paraumbite | K3Zr2H(Si3O9)2 · nH2O | Orth. |
9.DG.25 | Umbite | K2(Zr,Ti)Si3O9 · H2O | Orth. |
9.DG.30 | Sørensenite | Na4SnBe2Si6O16(OH)4 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
9.DG.40 | Hillebrandite | Ca2(SiO3)(OH)2 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmcm |
9.DG.45 | Zorite | Na8(Ti,Nb)5(Si6O17)2(OH,O)5 · 14H2O | Orth. |
9.DG.45 | Chivruaiite | Ca4(Ti,Nb)5(Si6O17)2(OH,O)5 · 13-14H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmmm |
9.DG.50 | Haineaultite | (Na,Ca)5Ca(Ti,Nb)5(Si6O17)2(OH,F)8 · 5H2O | Orth. 2 2 2 : C2 2 2 |
9.DG.55 | Epididymite | Na2Be2Si6O15 · H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma |
9.DG.60 | Eudidymite | Na2Be2Si6O15 · H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
9.DG.65 | Elpidite | Na2ZrSi6O15 · 3H2O | Orth. |
9.DG.70 | Fenaksite | (K,Na)4(Fe,Mn)2(Si4O10)2(OH,F) | Tric. |
9.DG.70 | Litidionite | CuNaKSi4O10 | Tric. |
9.DG.70 | Manaksite | KNaMnSi4O10 | Tric. |
9.DG.75 | Tinaksite | K2Na(Ca,Mn2+)2TiO[Si7O18(OH)] | Tric. |
9.DG.75 | Tokkoite | K2Ca4[Si7O18(OH)](OH,F) | Tric. |
9.DG.75 | Senkevichite | CsKNaCa2TiO[Si7O18](OH) | Tric. 1 : P1 |
9.DG.80 | Canasite | K3Na3Ca5Si12O30(OH)4 | Mon. |
9.DG.80 | Fluorcanasite | K3Na3Ca5Si12O30F4 · H2O | Mon. m : Bm |
9.DG.85 | Miserite | K1.5-x(Ca,Y,REE)5(Si6O15)(Si2O7)(OH,F)2 · yH2O | Tric. |
9.DG.90 | Frankamenite | K3Na3Ca5(Si12O30)(F,OH)4 · H2O | Tric. |
9.DG.92 | Charoite | (K,Sr)15-16(Ca,Na)32[Si6O11(O,OH)6]2[Si12O18(O,OH)12]2[Si17O25(O,OH)18]2(OH,F)4 · ~3H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
9.DG.95 | Yuksporite | K4(Ca,Na)14(Sr,Ba)2(◻,Mn,Fe)(Ti,Nb)4(O,OH)4(Si6O17)2(Si2O7)3(H2O,OH)3 | Orth. |
9.DG.97 | Eveslogite | (Na,K,Ca,Sr,Ba)48 [(Ti,Nb,Mn,Fe2+)12Si48O144(OH)12](F,OH,Cl)14 | Mon. 2/m : P2/m |
Related Minerals - Dana Grouping (8th Ed.)
66.3.1.2 | Zorite | Na8(Ti,Nb)5(Si6O17)2(OH,O)5 · 14H2O | Orth. |
66.3.1.3 | Eudidymite | Na2Be2Si6O15 · H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
66.3.1.4 | Epididymite | Na2Be2Si6O15 · H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma |
66.3.1.5 | Yuksporite | K4(Ca,Na)14(Sr,Ba)2(◻,Mn,Fe)(Ti,Nb)4(O,OH)4(Si6O17)2(Si2O7)3(H2O,OH)3 | Orth. |
Related Minerals - Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals Grouping
14.5.1 | Wollastonite | CaSiO3 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
14.5.2 | Wollastonite-7T | CaSiO3 | |
14.5.3 | Wollastonite-2M | CaSiO3 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
14.5.4 | Rankinite | Ca3Si2O7 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
14.5.5 | Kilchoanite | Ca6(SiO4)(Si3O10) | Orth. |
14.5.6 | Larnite | Ca2SiO4 | Mon. 2/m |
14.5.7 | Bredigite | Ca7Mg(SiO4)4 | Orth. |
14.5.8 | Hatrurite | Ca3(SiO4)O | Trig. |
14.5.9 | Rosenhahnite | HCa3[Si3O9(OH)] | Tric. |
14.5.10 | Dellaite | Ca6Si3O11(OH)2 | Tric. |
14.5.11 | Afwillite | Ca3(HSiO4)2 · 2H2O | Mon. m : Bb |
14.5.13 | Foshagite | Ca4(Si3O9)(OH)2 | Tric. |
14.5.14 | Hillebrandite | Ca2(SiO3)(OH)2 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmcm |
14.5.15 | Jaffeite | Ca6(Si2O7)(OH)6 | Trig. 3 : P3 |
14.5.16 | Suolunite | Ca2(H2Si2O7) · H2O | Orth. |
14.5.17 | Killalaite | Ca6.4(H0.6Si2O7)2(OH)2 | Mon. |
14.5.18 | Okenite | Ca10Si18O46 · 18H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
14.5.19 | Riversideite | Ca5(HSi3O9)2 · 2H2O | Orth. |
14.5.20 | Trabzonite | Ca4(Si3O9)(OH)2 | Orth. mm2 : Ama2 |
14.5.21 | Gyrolite | NaCa16Si23AlO60(OH)8 · 14H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
14.5.22 | Foshallasite | Ca3[Si2O7] · 3H2O(?) | |
14.5.23 | Tobermorite | Ca4Si6O17(H2O)2 · (Ca · 3H2O) | Orth. |
14.5.24 | Clinotobermorite | [Ca4Si6O17 · 2H2O] · (Ca · 3H2O) | Mon. |
14.5.25 | Nekoite | Ca3Si6O15 · 7H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
14.5.26 | Plombièrite | [Ca4Si6O16(OH)2 · 2H2O] · (Ca · 5H2O) | Orth. |
14.5.27 | Jennite | Ca9(Si3O9)2(OH)8 · 8H2O | Tric. |
Fluorescence of Xonotlite
May fluoresce and phosphoresce violet in SW, MW, and LW ultraviolet light (Franklin, New Jersey).
Other Information
Notes:
Decomposed in acid with separation of pulverulent silica.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
References for Xonotlite
Reference List:
Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)
Rammelsberg, K. (1866) Ueber den Xonaltit, ein neues wasserhaltiges Kalksilikat, und den Bustamit aus Mexiko. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft: 18: 33-34.
Foshag, W.F., Larsen, E.S. (1922) Eakleite from Isle Royale, Michigan. American Mineralogist: 7: 23-24.
Larsen, E.S. (1917) Eakleite, a new mineral from California. American Journal of Science, 4th. Series: 43: 464-465. (as eakleite)
Larsen, E.S. (1923) The identity of eakleite and xonotlite. American Mineralogist: 8: 181-182.
Schwartz, G.M. (1924) An occurrence of xonotlite in Minnesota. American Mineralogist: 9(2): 32–33.
Shannon, E.V. (1925) Mineralogy and petrography of Triassic limestone conglomerate metamorphosed by intrusive diabase at Leesburg, Virginia. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus.: 66(28).
Shannon, E.V. (1925) An occurrence of xonotlite at Leesburg, Virginia. American Mineralogist: 10(1): 12–13.
Schwartz, G.M. (1925) Xonotlite and pectolite in a diabase pegmatite from Minnesota. American Mineralogist: 10(4): 83–88.
Flint, E.P., Wells, L.S. (1937) The hydrated calcium silicates. Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union: 18(1): 261-262.
Flint, E.P., McMurdie, H.F., Wells, L.S. (1938) Formation of hydrated calcium silicates at elevated temperatures and pressures. Journal of Research of the National Bureau of STandards: 21(RP1147): 617-638.
Kaye, C.A. (1953) A xonotlite occurrence in Puerto Rico. American Mineralogist: 38: 860-862.
Taylor, H.F.W. (1953) The identity of jurupaite and xonotlite. Mineralogical Magazine: 30: 338-341.
Smith, C.H. (1954) On the occurrence and origin of xonotlite. AMerican Mineralogist: 39: 531-532.
Mamedov, K.S., Belov, N.V. (1955) Structure of Xonotlite Ca6Si6O17(OH)2. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR: 104: 615-618. (in Russian)
Dent, L.S., Taylor, H.F.W. (1956) The dehydration of xonotlite. Acta Crystallographica: 9: 1002-1004.
Taylor, H.F.W. (1959) The transformation of tobermorite into xonotlite. Mineralogical Magazine: 32(245): 110-116.
Gard, J.A. (1966) A System of Nomenclature for the Fibrous Calcium Silicates, and a Study of Xonotlite Polytypes. Nature: 211: 1078–1079.
Kusachi, I. (1972) Contact minerals from Kushiro, Hiiroshima Prefecture (5) xonotlite. Journal of the Mineral Society of Japan: 10: 357-360.
O'Brien, J.P., Rodgers, K.A. (1973) Xonotlite and rodingites from Wairere, New Zealand. Mineralogical Magazine: 39(302): 233-240.
Kalousek, G.L., Mitsuda, T., Taylor, F.W. (1977) Xonotlite: Cell parameters, thermogravimetry and analytical electron microscopy. Cement and Concrete Research: 7(3): 305-312.
Bailey, S.W. (1977) Report of the I.M.A-I.U.Cr. Joint Committee on Nomenclature. American Mineralogist: 62: 411-415.
Brown, P.A. (1978) Xonotlite: a new occurrence at Rose Blanche, Newfoundland. The Canadian Mineralogist: 16: 671-672.
Kudoh, Y., Takéuchi, Y. (1979) Polytypism in xonotlite: (I) Structure of an A-1 polytype. Mineralogical Journal: 9: 349-373.
Eberhard, E., Hamid, S.A., Rottger, B. (1981) Strukturverfeinerung und Polytypie von XOnotlit Ca6[Si6O17](OH)2. (Structural refinement and polytypism of xonotlite). Zeitschrift für Kristallographie: 154: 271-272.
Komarneni, S., Roy, R., Roy, D.M. (1986) Pseudomorphism in xonotlite and tobermorite with Co2+ and Ni2+ exchange for Ca2+ at 25°C. Cement and Concrete Research: 16(1): 47-58.
Shaw, S., Clark, S.M., Henderson, C.M.B. (2000) Hydrothermal formation of the calcium silicate hydrates, tobermorite (Ca5Si6O16(OH)2·4H2O) and xonotlite (Ca6Si6O17(OH)2): an in situ synchrotron study. Chemical Geology: 167(1-2): 129-140.
Hejny, C., Armbruster, T. (2001) Polytypism in xonotlite Ca6Si6O17(OH)2. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie: 216: 396-408.
Esteban, J.J., Cuevas, J., Tubia, J.M., Yusta, I. (2003) Xonotlite in rodingite assemblages from the Ronda peridotites, Betic Cordilleras, southern Spain. The Canadian Mineralogist: 41: 161-170.
Merlino, S., Bonaccorsi, E. (2008) Double wollastonite chains: topological/conformational varieties, polytypic forms, isotypic compounds. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie: 223: 85-97.
Bernstein, S., Fehr, K.T., Hochleitner, R. (2009) Crystal chemistry of Xonotlite Ca6Si6O17(OH)2. Part I: Determination of polytypes using X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD). Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Abhandlungen: 186: 153-162.
Black, L., Garbev, K., Stumm, A. (2013) Structure, bonding and morphology of hydrothermally synthesised xonotlite. Advances in Applied Ceramics, Structural, FUnctional and Bioceramics: 108(3) 137-144.
Internet Links for Xonotlite
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Localities for Xonotlite
Locality List




All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia | |
| Analyses in prep, R Bottrill |
Bottrill, R.S., Baker, W.E. (2008) A Catalogue of the Minerals of Tasmania. Geological Survey Tasmania Bulletin 73, 254 pages. | |
| Aust.Jour. Earth Sci. 46:251 (1999) |
| B. Grguric |
| Sue Koepke collection; from Frank Radke |
Bulgaria | |
| I. Kostov, V. Breskovska, J. Mincheva-Stefanova, G. Kirov (1964): Minerals of Bulgaria. Sofia, Bulgaria, 540 pp. (in Bulgarian). |
Canada | |
| Ray L. Frost, Mahen Mahendran, Keerthan Poologanathan, Yunfei Xi, Raman spectroscopic study of the mineral xonotlite Ca6Si6O17(OH)2—A component of plaster boards, Materials Research Bulletin (in press) |
Traill, R. J. (1980) Catalog of Canadian Minerals: Revised 1980. Geological Survey of Canada Paper 80-18. | |
Brown, P.A. (1978) Xonotlite: A new occurrence at Rose Blanche, Newfoundland. Canadian Mineralogist: 16: 671-672. | |
| Traill, R. J. (1980) Catalog of Canadian Minerals: Revised 1980. Geological Survey of Canada Paper 80-18. |
| GRICE, J.D., WILLIAMS, R. (1979) The Jeffrey Mine, Asbestos, Quebec. Mineralogical Record, 10, 69-80.; GRICE, J.D. (1989) The Jeffrey Mine, Asbestos, Quebec: The Western World's Largest Asbestos Deposit. In: Famous Mineral Localities of Canada. Published by Fitzhenry & Whiteside Limited & the National Museum of Natural Sciences, 190 pages: 115-123; 179-181. |
| Geological Survey of Canada Miscellaneous Report 41 |
Cuba | |
| Litsarev, M. A., Organova, N. I., Khranach, P., Chukanov, N. V., Kuz’mina, O. V., Kartashov, P. M., ... & Zadov, A. E. (1998). Hydroxylellestadite from the Arimao Norte Garnet–Wollastonite Skarn (Cuba). Zap. Vseross. Mineral. O–va, 127(6), 68-75. |
Czech Republic | |
| Handbook of Mineralogy - Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols |
Finland | |
| Ilkka Mikkola collection, Identification by Dr Seppo Lahti |
Germany | |
| |
Greenland | |
| MinRec 16:485-494 |
Iceland | |
| Jacobsson et al (1992) Encrustations from Lava Caves in Surtsey, Iceland. A Preliminary Report: Surtsey Research Progress Report X: 73-78 Reykjevik, Iceland. |
Iraq | |
| Al-Hermezi, H. M., McKie, D., & Hall, A. J. (1986). Baghdadite, a new calcium zirconium silicate mineral from Iraq. Mineralogical Magazine, 50, 119-123. |
Ireland | |
| Bull. Soc. Franç. Minéralo. Cristallo. , 1974, 97, p. 506. |
Italy | |
| Bedognè, F. (2006) Xonotlite della Val Lanterna, Valmalenco (SO). Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 30, 254-255. |
| Demartin, F., Campostrini, I., Grisotto, M., & Grisotto, L. (2006). I Canzoccoli. Una località classica presso Predazzo, Val di Fiemme, Trento. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 30(3), 166-177. |
| Michele Dondi Collection |
| Bonaccorsi E., Merlino S., Orlandi P.(1996): Breve nota sulla xonotlite di Monte Castelli. Atti Soc. tosc. Sci. nat., Mem., Serie A, 103. |
| Passaglia, E. , Tagliavini, A. (1995) Erionite from Faedo, Colli Euganei, Italy. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte, 185-191; Fabris, L., Guastoni, A. (2014) Provincia di Padova. In: Zorzi, F., Boscardin, M., (eds.), Minerali del Veneto. Alla scoperta dei tesori della nostra regione. Museo di Storia Naturale e Archeologia di Montebelluna - Treviso, Cierre Edizioni, Sommacampagna, pages 121-141; Zorzi, F. (2014) Percorso nel Padovano. Monte Fasolo, Monte Rusta, Monte Gemola. In: Zorzi, F., Boscardin, M., (eds.), Minerali del Veneto. Alla scoperta dei tesori della nostra regione. Museo di Storia Naturale e Archeologia di Montebelluna - Treviso, Cierre Edizioni, Sommacampagna, pages 293-299. |
| Boscardin M.,Daleffe A.,Rocchetti I., Zordan A. (2011) " Minerali del Vicentino - Aggiornamenti, località e nuove determinazioni " Museo di Archeologia e Scienze Naturali “G. Zannato” – Montecchio Maggiore (Vicenza), pp.183 |
| Boscardin M.,Daleffe A.,Rocchetti I., Zordan A. (2011) " Minerali del Vicentino - Aggiornamenti, località e nuove determinazioni " Museo di Archeologia e Scienze Naturali “G. Zannato” – Montecchio Maggiore (Vicenza), pp.183 |
| Boscardin M.,Daleffe A.,Rocchetti I., Zordan A. (2011) " Minerali del Vicentino - Aggiornamenti, località e nuove determinazioni " Museo di Archeologia e Scienze Naturali “G. Zannato” – Montecchio Maggiore (Vicenza), pp.183 |
| Lapis, 15 (12), 27-32+50.; Boscardin M.,Daleffe A.,Rocchetti I., Zordan A. (2011) " Minerali del Vicentino - Aggiornamenti, località e nuove determinazioni " Museo di Archeologia e Scienze Naturali “G. Zannato” – Montecchio Maggiore (Vicenza), pp.183 |
| Boscardin M.,Daleffe A.,Rocchetti I., Zordan A. (2011) " Minerali del Vicentino - Aggiornamenti, località e nuove determinazioni " Museo di Archeologia e Scienze Naturali “G. Zannato” – Montecchio Maggiore (Vicenza), pp.183 |
| Zordan, A., Boscardin, M., & Zorzi, F. (2008). Foshagite di Contrada Molini, Laghi (Vicenza). Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 3/2008, 178-180. |
| Boscardin M.,Daleffe A.,Rocchetti I., Zordan A. (2011) " Minerali del Vicentino - Aggiornamenti, località e nuove determinazioni " Museo di Archeologia e Scienze Naturali “G. Zannato” – Montecchio Maggiore (Vicenza), pp.183 |
| Collections Alessandro Mattiello and Padua University |
| Zordan, A. (1999): Brevi segnalazioni mineralogiche dal Vicentino. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 23, 4 (4-1999), 218-220; Boscardin, M., Daleffe, A., Rocchetti, I., Zordan, A. (2011): Minerali del Vicentino - Aggiornamenti, località e nuove determinazioni. Museo di Archeologia e Scienze Naturali “G. Zannato”, Montecchio Maggiore (Vicenza), 183 pp.; Zordan, A. (2014): Provincia di Vicenza. In: Zorzi, F., Boscardin, M., (eds.), Minerali del Veneto. Alla scoperta dei tesori della nostra regione. Museo di Storia Naturale e Archeologia di Montebelluna - Treviso, Cierre Edizioni, Sommacampagna, 173-246. |
Japan | |
| Matsuyama, F. (2001) |
| Yamada, S. (2004) Nihonsan-koubutsu Gojuon-hairetsu Sanchi-ichiranhyou (111 pp.) |
| Fermor 2011: Ore Deposits in an Evolving Earth |
| Yamada, S. (2004) Nihonsan-koubutsu Gojuon-hairetsu Sanchi-ichiranhyou (111 pp.) |
| |
| Handbook of Mineralogy, (c) 2001. |
| Ohe Rikosha specimens; Yamada, S. (2004) Nihonsan-koubutsu Gojuon-hairetsu Sanchi-ichiranhyou (111 pp.) |
Yamada, S. (2004) Nihonsan-koubutsu Gojuon-hairetsu Sanchi-ichiranhyou (111 pp.) | |
| Alluvial cobbles in innumerable collections. |
| Uehara, S., et al (2014) MInerals from Kyushu and Yamaguchi. (Fukuoka Mineral Club, 355 pages) |
| http://www.handbookofmineralogy.org/pdfs/xonotlite.pdf |
| Mineralogical Journal Vol. 14 (1989) , No. 7 pp 299-302; Henmi, C., Kusachi, I., Kawahara, A., & Henmi, K. (1978). 7T wollastonite from Fuka, Okayama Prefecture. Mineralogical Journal, 9(3), 169-181.; Henmi, C., & Kusachi, I. (1992). Clinotobermorite, Ca5Si6 (O, OH) 18· 5H2O, a new mineral from Fuka, Okayama Prefecture, Japan. Mineralogical Magazine, 56(3), 353-358. |
| Matsueda, H. (1983) Journal of the Mining College, Akita University, Ser. A, Mining Geology, 6, #3, 259-292. |
| Dr. Kameki Kinoshita collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan) |
Mexico | |
| Panczner(1987):399. |
| Panczner(1987):399. |
Panczner(1987):399. | |
Pancnzer(1987):399. | |
Panczner (1987): 399. | |
| Rammelsberg C (1866) Ueber den Xonaltit, ein neues wasserhaltiges Kalksilikat, und den Bustamit aus Mexiko, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft 18, 33-34; Dana 6:569; Panczner(1987):399. |
| Panczner(1987):399. |
Middle East | |
Gross, S. (1977): The Mineralogy of the Hatrurim Formation, Israel. Geological Survey of Israel, Bulletin no. 70, 80 pp. | |
New Zealand | |
| Coombs, D.S. (1960) Note on xonotlite from Acheron River, Mid-Canterbury. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, 3:1, 72-73. |
| Judy Rowe collection |
| O'Brien, J. P., & Rodgers, K. A. (1973). Xonotlite and rodingites from Wairere, New Zealand. Mineralogical Magazine, 39, 233-240. |
Romania | |
Hirtopanu, P. (2006). One hundred minerals for one hundred years (dedicated to the Centennial of the Geological Institute of Romania). In 3rd Conference on Mineral Sciences in the Carpathians, Miskolc Hungary. Acta Mineralogica–Petrographica, Abstract series (Vol. 5, p. 86). | |
| Marincea, S., Dumitraş. D-G., Ghinet, C, Fransolet, A.-M., Hatert, F. & Rondeaux, M. (2011): Gehlenite from three occurrences of high-temperature skarns, Romania: new mineralogical data. Canadian Mineralogist. 49, 1001-1014 |
| Marincea, Ş., Bilal, E., Verkaeren, J., Pascal, M.-L., and Fonteilles, M. (2001) Superposed paragenesis in spurrite-, tilleyite- and gehlenite-bearing skarns from Cornet Hill, Apuseni Mountains, Romania. Canadian Mineralogist: 39: 1435-1453.; The Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 39, pp. 1405-1434 (2001); Marincea, Ş., Dumitraş, D. G., Călin, N., Anason, A. M., Fransolet, A. M., & Hatert, F. (2013). Spurrite, tilleyite and associated minerals in the exoskarn zone from Cornet Hill (Metaliferi Massif, Apuseni Mountains, Romania). The Canadian Mineralogist, 51(3), 359-375. |
Russia | |
| http://geo.web.ru/druza/l-Tamvatnei.htm |
| Pavel M. Kartashov data; Kulikov, I. V., & Boyarskaya, R. V. (1989). Hydrosaline melts in inclusions in fluorite from the Tyrnyauz Deposit. International Geology Review, 31(10), 1039-1054. |
| A. E. Zadov data |
| Spiridonov, E. M. (2010). Ore-magmatic systems of the Noril’sk ore field. Russian Geology and Geophysics, 51(9), 1059-1077. |
[World of Stones 12:49] | |
| Antonov A.A. [Антонов А.А.] (2003): Mineralogy of rodingites of the Bazhenovsk ultrabasic massif [Минералогия родингитов Баженовского гипербазитого массива]. Nauka, Sankt-Peterburg, 129 pp. (in Russian). |
| Chukanov, N.V., Kasatkin, A.V., Zubkova, N. V., Britvin, S.N., Pautov, L.A., Pekov, I.V., Varlamov, D.A., Bychkova, Ya. V., Loskutov, A.B., Novgorodova, E.A. (2016): Tatarinovite Са3Al(SO4)[В(ОH)4](ОH)6 · 12H2O, a new ettringite-group mineral from the Bazhenovskoe deposit, Middle Urals, Russia, and its crystal structure. Geology of Ore Deposits 58: 653-665. |
| Grabezhev, A. I., Pertsev, N. N., Zadov, A. E., Pribavkin, S. V., & Murzin, V. V. (2007). Calcic hydrosilicate metasomatic rocks at the Gumeshevsk skarn-porphyry copper deposit in the central Urals, Russia. Petrology, 15(5), 514-522. |
South Africa | |
| Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.; Gliddon, J. (1996) Minerals of the Palabora open pit. British Micromount Society 43:2-7 |
| Rob Lavinsky photo |
| Giester, G., & Rieck, B. (1996). Wesselsite, SrCu [Si4Olo], a further new gillespite-group mineral from the Kalahari Manganese Field, South Africa. Mineralogical Magazine, 60, 795-798. |
| Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa. |
In the collection of Brent Thorne. Acquired from Rob Lavinsky. | |
Sweden | |
| Nysten, P., Holtstam, D. and Jonsson, E. (1999) The Långban minerals. In Långban - The mines,their minerals, geology and explorers (D. Holtstam and J. Langhof, eds.), Swedish Museum of Natural History and Raster Förlag, Stockholm & Chr. Weise Verlag, Munich, pp. 89-183. |
| Mofjell, E.(1990): Xonotlite, Harstigen. Långbansnytt. vol 6 [reprinted in: Långbansnytt. De första 20 åren 1983-2003. Långbansällskapet - Skrifter och rapporter. 2, 141]; Mofjell, E. (1990): Mineralnytt från Sverige. STEIN 17(4),38 |
| Sandström, F., Binett, T., Wiklund, C. & Vikström, J. (2010): Alnöområdets geologi och mineralogi. Litiofilen. 27 (2) :14-42 |
UK | |
| Henmi, C., Kusachi, I., Henmi, K., Sabine, P.A., and Young, B.R. (1973) A new mineral bicchulite, the natural analogue of gehlenite hydrate, from Fuka, Okayama Prefecture, Japan and Carneal, County Antrim, Northern Ireland, Mineralogical Journal, 7, 243-251. |
| Tilley, C.E., Harwood, H.F. (1931) The Dolerite-Chalk Contact of Scawt Hill, Co. Antrim. The Production of Basic Alkali-Rocks by the Assimilation of Limestone by Basaltic Magma. Mineralogical Magazine: 22(132): 439-468. |
| BMS Collection |
| [Specimen in the Natural History Museum, London] |
Dana 6:569 | |
Dana 6:569 | |
| Heddle, M.F., Goodchild, J.G. (1901) The mineralogy of Scotland. Edinburgh. 247 pgs (82). |
| [Specimen in the Natural History Museum, London] |
| Sweet, J. M., Bothwell, D. I., & Williams, D. L. (1961). Tacharanite and Other Hydrated Calcium Silicates from Portree, Isle of Skye. Mineral. Mag, 32, 745-53. |
| American Mineralogist 35:1080 |
USA | |
| Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 358, 428; Cesbron, F.P. & S.A. Williams (1980), Apachite and gilalite, two new copper silicates from Christmas, AZ, Mineralogical Magazine: 43: 639-641.; Bob Meyer (2012) Micro Mineral Collector. Friends of Mineralogy National Newsletter 42:10-13 |
| Mr. Gail E. Dunning. |
| Pabst, Adolf, Gross, E.B., and Alfors, J.T. (1967) Rosenhahnite, a new hydrous calcium silicate from Mendocino County, California. American Mineralogist: 52: 336; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 409. |
| Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 390; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California: 409, 410. |
| Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 390. |
| Eakle, Arthur Starr (1917), Minerals associated with the crystalline limestone at Crestmore, Riverside County, California: University of California Department of Geological Sciences Bulletin: 10: 327-360; Eakle, Arthur Starr (1921), Jurupaite, a new mineral: American Mineralogist: 6: 107-109; Woodford, A.O., Crippen, R.A., and Garner, K.B. (1941) Section Across Commercial Quarry, Crestmorre, California. American Mineralogist: 26: 352-381; Daly, John W. (1935), Paragenesis of mineral assemblages at Crestmore, California American Mineralogist: 20: 654; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 409. |
| www.missourigeologists.org/Min-Loc1-2005.pdf. |
Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 115, 390. | |
| Eakle, Arthur Starr (1901), Mineralogical notes; with chemical analyses by W.T. Schaller: University of California, Department of Geological Science Bulletin: 2: 316; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 222, 390; Schlocker, J. (1974) Geology of the San Francisco North quadrangle. USGS Professional Paper 782, 109 pp.; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 201-202, 409. |
| Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 409. |
| Hanks, Henry Garber (1888), Pectolite Mining and Scientific Press: 56: 44; Irelan, William, Jr. (1890a), Ninth annual report of the State Mineralogist: California Mining Bureau. Report 9, 352 pp.: 47; Larsen, Esper Signius (1923), The identity of eakleite and xonotlite: American Mineralogist: 8: 181-182; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 285. |
Larsen, Esper Signius (1917), Eakleite, a new mineral from California: American Journal of Science, 4th. series: 43: 464-465; Larsen, Esper Signius (1923), The identity of eakleite and xonotlite: American Mineralogist: 8: 181-182; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 173, 390. | |
| [MinRec 30:467] |
| Foshag, W.F., Larsen, E.S. (1922) Eakleite from Isle Royale, Michigan. American Mineralogist: 7: 23-24. |
| Schwartz, G.M. (1924) An occurrence of xonotlite in Minnesota. American Mineralogist: 9: 32-33. |
| Sherwood, M. D., & Williams, G. A. (1998). Missouri mineral locality index. Rocks & Minerals, 73(2), 98-117. |
| Palache(1935):114; Dunn(1995):Pt3:450. |
FOMS Millsite Committee (1986) (circa), List of Mineral Species Found on the Franklin Mill Site, Franklin-Ogdensburg Mineralogical Society (unpublished). | |
Beth Schaefer | |
| Kenny Gay message 15.09.2005 Smithsonian Institution Mineral Reference Collection No.171443-00,171453-00,and 171444-00. |
| Kaye, C.A. (1953) A xonotlite occurrence in Puerto Rico. American Mineralogist: 38: 860-862. |
| Rocks & Minerals: 66(3): 196-224.; Am Min 51:1766-1774 |
| Rocks & Min. Vol. 71, (1996) |
| Shannon, E.V. (1925) An occurrence of xonotlite at Leesburg, Virginia. American Mineralogist: 10(1): 12–13. |
Minerals of Virginia 1990 by R. V. Dietrich | |
Minerals of Virginia 1990 by R. V. Dietrich | |
| Cannon, B. (1975): Minerals of Washington, p.74 |
Cannon, B. (1975): Minerals of Washington, p.74 | |
| Cannon, B. (1975): Minerals of Washington, p.74 |
| Cannon, B. (1975): Minerals of Washington, p.85 |
Minerals of Washington, B. Cannon, 1975 | |
Minerals of Washington, B. Cannon, 1975 |
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Grolla quarry, Spagnago, Cornedo Vicentino, Vicenza Province, Veneto, Italy