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Xonotlite

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Xonotlite

Grolla quarry, Spagnago, Cornedo Vicentino, Vicenza Province, Veneto, Italy
Xonotlite, etc.

Christmas Mine, Christmas, Christmas area, Banner District, Dripping Spring Mts, Gila Co., Arizona, USA
Xonotlite, etc.

Franklin Mine, Franklin, Franklin Mining District, Sussex Co., New Jersey, USA
Xonotlite

Grolla quarry, Spagnago, Cornedo Vicentino, Vicenza Province, Veneto, Italy
Xonotlite, etc.

Christmas Mine, Christmas, Christmas area, Banner District, Dripping Spring Mts, Gila Co., Arizona, USA
Xonotlite, etc.

Franklin Mine, Franklin, Franklin Mining District, Sussex Co., New Jersey, USA
Xonotlite

Grolla quarry, Spagnago, Cornedo Vicentino, Vicenza Province, Veneto, Italy
Xonotlite, etc.

Christmas Mine, Christmas, Christmas area, Banner District, Dripping Spring Mts, Gila Co., Arizona, USA
Formula:
Ca6(Si6O17)(OH)2
System:
Monoclinic
Colour:
White, grey, pale pink, ...
Lustre:
Vitreous, Silky, Pearly
Hardness:
6½
Member of:
Name:
Named in 1866 by Karl Friedrich August Rammelsberg after its discovery locality, Tetela de Xonotla, Mexico.
An ino-silicate mineral with double dreier chains. Several polytypes are known (Hejny & Armbruster, 2001): Ma2bc (space group P2/a, a = 17.032, b = 7.363, c = 7.012 Å, β = 90.36°), Ma2b2c (space group A2/a, a = 17.032, b = 7.363, c = 14.023, β = 90.36°), and M2a2bc (space group P-1 , a = 8.712, b = 7.363, c = 7.012 Å, α = 89.99° β = 90.36°, γ = 102.18°) .

Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Xonotlite.


Classification of Xonotlite

IMA status:
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
Strunz 8th ed.:
8/F.21-30
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) ed.:
9.DG.35

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
G : Inosilicates with 3-periodic single and multiple chains
Dana 8th ed.:
66.3.1.1

66 : INOSILICATES Double-Width,Unbranched Chains,(W=2)
3 : Amphiboles - Ca-Na subgroup
Hey's CIM Ref.:
14.5.12

14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
5 : Silicates of Ca

Physical Properties of Xonotlite

Lustre:
Vitreous, Silky, Pearly
Diaphaneity (Transparency):
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
White, grey, pale pink, colorless
Hardness (Mohs):
6½

Optical Data of Xonotlite

Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.583 nβ = 1.585 nγ = 1.595
2V:
Calculated: 50°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.012
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
small

Chemical Properties of Xonotlite

Formula:
Ca6(Si6O17)(OH)2
IMA Formula:
Ca6Si6O17(OH)2
Elements listed in formula:
Ca, H, O, Si - search for minerals with similar chemistry
Common Impurities:
Fe,Mn,H2O

Crystallography of Xonotlite

Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Cell Parameters:
a = 17.032 Å, b = 7.363 Å, c = 7.012 Å
β = 90.36°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 2.313 : 1 : 0.952
Unit Cell Volume:
V 879.33 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Comment:
Space group P2/a (Ma2bc polytype).
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
Image Loading

Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.

Type Occurrence of Xonotlite

Type Locality:
Tetela de Xonotla, Puebla, Mexico

Relationship of Xonotlite to other Species

Member of:
Xonotlite Group
Other Members of Group:
ChivruaiiteCa4(Ti,Nb)5(Si6O17)2(OH,O)5 · 13-14H2O
Haineaultite(Na,Ca)5Ca(Ti,Nb)5(Si6O17)2(OH,F)8 · 5H2O
ZoriteNa8(Ti,Nb)5(Si6O17)2(OH,O)5 · 14H2O
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):
9.DG.05BustamiteCaMn2+(Si2O6)
9.DG.05FerrobustamiteCaFe2+(Si2O6)
9.DG.05PectoliteNaCa2Si3O8(OH)
9.DG.05SeranditeNaMn22+Si3O8(OH)
9.DG.05WollastoniteCaSiO3
9.DG.05Wollastonite-1ACaSiO3
9.DG.07CascanditeCa(Sc,Fe3+)(HSi3O9)
9.DG.08Plombièrite[Ca4Si6O16(OH)2 · 2H2O]·(Ca·5H2O)
9.DG.10Clinotobermorite[Ca4Si6O17 · 2H2O]·(Ca·3H2O)
9.DG.10RiversideiteCa5(HSi3O9)2 · 2H2O
9.DG.10Tobermorite[Ca4Si6O17 · 2H2O]·(Ca·3H2O)
9.DG.15FoshagiteCa4(Si3O9)(OH)2
9.DG.20JenniteCa9(Si3O9)2(OH)8 · 8H2O
9.DG.25ParaumbiteK3Zr2H(Si3O9)2 · nH2O
9.DG.25UmbiteK2(Zr,Ti)Si3O9 · H2O
9.DG.30SørenseniteNa4SnBe2Si6O16(OH)4
9.DG.40HillebranditeCa2(SiO3)(OH)2
9.DG.45ZoriteNa8(Ti,Nb)5(Si6O17)2(OH,O)5 · 14H2O
9.DG.45ChivruaiiteCa4(Ti,Nb)5(Si6O17)2(OH,O)5 · 13-14H2O
9.DG.50Haineaultite(Na,Ca)5Ca(Ti,Nb)5(Si6O17)2(OH,F)8 · 5H2O
9.DG.55EpididymiteNa2Be2Si6O15 · H2O
9.DG.60EudidymiteNa2Be2Si6O15 · H2O
9.DG.65ElpiditeNa2ZrSi6O15 · 3H2O
9.DG.70Fenaksite(K,Na)4(Fe,Mn)2(Si4O10)2(OH,F)
9.DG.70LitidioniteCuNaKSi4O10
9.DG.70ManaksiteKNaMnSi4O10
9.DG.75TinaksiteK2Na(Ca,Mn2+)2Ti[O|Si7O18(OH)]
9.DG.75TokkoiteK2Ca4[Si7O18(OH)](OH,F)
9.DG.75SenkevichiteCsKNaCa2Ti[O|Si7O18(OH)]
9.DG.80CanasiteK3Na3Ca5Si12O30(OH)4
9.DG.80FluorcanasiteK3Na3Ca5Si12O30F4 · H2O
9.DG.85MiseriteK1.5-x(Ca,Y,REE)5(Si6O15)(Si2O7)(OH,F)2 · yH2O
9.DG.90FrankameniteK3Na3Ca5(Si12O30)(F,OH)4 · H2O
9.DG.92Charoite(K,Sr)15-16(Ca,Na)32[Si6O11(O,OH)6]2[Si12O18(O,OH)12]2[Si17O25(O,OH)18]2(OH,F)4 · ~3H2O
9.DG.95YuksporiteK4(Ca,Na)14(Sr,Ba)2(◻,Mn,Fe)(Ti,Nb)4(O,OH)4(Si6O17)2(Si2O7)3(H2O,OH)3
9.DG.97Eveslogite(Na,K,Ca,Sr,Ba)48 [(Ti,Nb,Mn,Fe2+)12Si48O144(OH)12](F,OH,Cl)14
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:
14.5.1WollastoniteCaSiO3
14.5.2Wollastonite-7TCaSiO3
14.5.3Wollastonite-2MCaSiO3
14.5.4RankiniteCa3Si2O7
14.5.5KilchoaniteCa6(SiO4)(Si3O10)
14.5.6LarniteCa2SiO4
14.5.7BredigiteCa7Mg(SiO4)4
14.5.8HatruriteCa3(SiO4)O
14.5.9RosenhahniteHCa3[Si3O9(OH)]
14.5.10DellaiteCa6Si3O11(OH)2
14.5.11AfwilliteCa3(HSiO4)2 · 2H2O
14.5.13FoshagiteCa4(Si3O9)(OH)2
14.5.14HillebranditeCa2(SiO3)(OH)2
14.5.15JaffeiteCa6(Si2O7)(OH)6
14.5.16SuoluniteCa2(H2Si2O7) · H2O
14.5.17KillalaiteCa6.4(H0.6Si2O7)2(OH)2
14.5.18OkeniteCa10Si18O46 · 18H2O
14.5.19RiversideiteCa5(HSi3O9)2 · 2H2O
14.5.20TrabzoniteCa4(Si3O9)(OH)2
14.5.21GyroliteNaCa16Si23AlO60(OH)8 · 14H2O
14.5.22FoshallasiteCa3[Si2O7] · 3H2O(?)
14.5.23Tobermorite[Ca4Si6O17 · 2H2O]·(Ca·3H2O)
14.5.24Clinotobermorite[Ca4Si6O17 · 2H2O]·(Ca·3H2O)
14.5.25NekoiteCa3Si6O15·7H2O
14.5.26Plombièrite[Ca4Si6O16(OH)2 · 2H2O]·(Ca·5H2O)
14.5.27JenniteCa9(Si3O9)2(OH)8 · 8H2O

Other Names for Xonotlite

Synonyms:

Calcium-Pectolite

Eakleite

Xenotlite

Xonaltite

Xonolite

Name in Other Languages:
Varieties:

Mg-bearing Xonotlite

Other Information

Fluorescence in UV light:
May fluoresce and phosphoresce violet in SW, MW, and LW ultraviolet light (Franklin, New Jersey).
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Xonotlite

Reference List:
Rammelsberg, Karl Friedrich August, Z. Deutsch. Geol. Ges. (1866): 18: 33.

Larsen, E.S. (1923), The identity of eakleite and xonotlite, American Mineralogist: 8: 181-182.

Taylor, H.F.W. (1953), The identity of jurupaite and xonotlite: Mineralogical Magazine: 30: 338-341.

Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR: 104: 615-618 (in Russian).

Journal of the Mineral Society of Japan (1972): 10: 358.

Zeitschrift für Kristallographie (1981): 154: 271.

Hejny, C. and Armbruster, T. (2001): Polytypism in xonotlite Ca6Si6O17(OH)2. Z. Kristallogr. 216, 396-408.

Bernstein, S., Fehr, K. T. & Hochleitner, R. (2009): Crystal chemistry of Xonotlite Ca6Si6O17(OH)2. Part I: Determination of polytypes using X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD). Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Abhandlungen, 186, 153-162.

Internet Links for Xonotlite

mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-4343.html
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    Localities for Xonotlite

    This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    (TL) indicates type locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) indicates first recorded locality for everything else. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Australia
     
    • Tasmania
      • Huon Valley municipality
        • Huon-Channel region
          • Weld River district
    		Analyses in prep, R Bottrill
    Bottrill & Baker (in prep) Catalogue of minerals of Tasmania
    • Victoria
      • Rural City of Benalla
    		Aust.Jour. Earth Sci. 46:251 (1999)
    • Western Australia
      • Coolgardie Shire
        • Widgiemooltha
    		B. Grguric
      • Kalgoorlie-Boulder Shire
        • Woolibar Station (Hampton Plains Goldfield)
          • South Kal Mines (South Kalgoorlie Gold Mine; HBJ)
    		 Sue Koepke collection; from Frank Radke
    Bulgaria
     
    • Yambol Oblast
      • Bolyarovo Obshtina
    		I. Kostov, V. Breskovska, J. Mincheva-Stefanova, G. Kirov (1964): Minerals of Bulgaria. Sofia, Bulgaria, 540 pp. (in Bulgarian).
    Canada
     
    • Newfoundland and Labrador
      • Newfoundland
        • Bay of Islands
          • Cox's Cove
    		Ray L. Frost, Mahen Mahendran, Keerthan Poologanathan, Yunfei Xi, Raman spectroscopic study of the mineral xonotlite Ca6Si6O17(OH)2—A component of plaster boards, Materials Research Bulletin (in press)
    Traill, R. J. (1980) Catalog of Canadian Minerals: Revised 1980. Geological Survey of Canada Paper 80-18.
    • Ontario
      • Thunder Bay District
        • Blake Township
    		Traill, R. J. (1980) Catalog of Canadian Minerals: Revised 1980. Geological Survey of Canada Paper 80-18.
    • Québec
      • Estrie
        • Les Sources RCM
          • Asbestos
    		Grice, J.D. and Williams, R. (1979): Famous mineral localities: The Jeffrey Mine, Asbestos, Québec. Mineralogical Record, 10(2):69-80
      • Outaouais
        • Les Collines-de-l'Outaouais RCM
          • Chelsea
    		Geological Survey of Canada Miscellaneous Report 41
    Czech Republic
     
    • Moravia (Mähren; Maehren)
      • Vysočina Region
        • Havlíčkův Brod (Německý Brod; Deutschbrod)
    		Handbook of Mineralogy - Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols
    Finland
     
    • Eastern Finland Region
    		Ilkka Mikkola collection, Identification by Dr Seppo Lahti
    Germany
     
    • Hesse
      • Odenwald
        • Mühltal
          • Nieder-Beerbach
    Greenland
     
    • Qeqqata
      • Kangerlussuaq Fjord (Søndre Strømfjord)
        • Kangerlussuaq complex
    		MinRec 16:485-494
    Iceland
     
    • Southern Region
      • Vestmannaeyjar archipelago (Westman islands)
        • Surtsey Island
    		Jacobsson et al (1992) Encrustations from Lava Caves in Surtsey, Iceland. A Preliminary Report: Surtsey Research Progress Report X: 73-78 Reykjevik, Iceland.
    Iraq
     
    • Iraqi Kurdistan
      • Sulaymaniyah province
        • Qala-Diz (Qala-Dizeh; Qala-Diza)
          • Hero
    		Al-Hermezi, H. M., McKie, D., & Hall, A. J. (1986). Baghdadite, a new calcium zirconium silicate mineral from Iraq. Mineralogical Magazine, 50, 119-123.
    Ireland
     
    • Co. Sligo
      • Killala Bay
    		Bull. Soc. Franç. Minéralo. Cristallo. , 1974, 97, p. 506.
    Israel
     
    • Negev
    		Gross, S. (1977): The Mineralogy of the Hatrurim Formation, Israel. Geological Survey of Israel, Bulletin no. 70, 80 pp.
    Italy
     
    • Lombardy
      • Sondrio Province
        • Valtellina
          • Malenco Valley
            • Lanterna Valley
              • Lanzada
    		Bedognè, F. (2006) Xonotlite della Val Lanterna, Valmalenco (SO). Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 30, 254-255.
    • Trentino-Alto Adige (Trentino-Südtirol)
      • Trento Province
        • Fiemme Valley
          • Predazzo
    		Demartin, F., Campostrini, I., Grisotto, M., & Grisotto, L. (2006). I Canzoccoli. Una località classica presso Predazzo, Val di Fiemme, Trento. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 30(3), 166-177.
    • Tuscany
      • Pisa Province
        • Castelnuovo Val di Cecina
    		Bonaccorsi E., Merlino S., Orlandi P.(1996): Breve nota sulla xonotlite di Monte Castelli. Atti Soc. tosc. Sci. nat., Mem., Serie A, 103.
    • Veneto
      • Padova Province
        • Euganei Hills
          • Faedo
    		Passaglia E. and Taglavini A. (1995): Erionite from Faedo, Colli Euganei, Italy. N.Jb.Miner.Mh.,4, pagg.185-191.
      • Vicenza Province
        • Altissimo
          • Del Tesoro Mt.
    		Boscardin M.,Daleffe A.,Rocchetti I., Zordan A. (2011) " Minerali del Vicentino - Aggiornamenti, località e nuove determinazioni " Museo di Archeologia e Scienze Naturali “G. Zannato” – Montecchio Maggiore (Vicenza), pp.183
        • Arsiero
          • Contrada Draghi
    		Boscardin M.,Daleffe A.,Rocchetti I., Zordan A. (2011) " Minerali del Vicentino - Aggiornamenti, località e nuove determinazioni " Museo di Archeologia e Scienze Naturali “G. Zannato” – Montecchio Maggiore (Vicenza), pp.183
        • Astico Valley
    		Collections Alessandro Mattiello and Padua University
          • Cogollo del Cengio
    		Boscardin M.,Daleffe A.,Rocchetti I., Zordan A. (2011) " Minerali del Vicentino - Aggiornamenti, località e nuove determinazioni " Museo di Archeologia e Scienze Naturali “G. Zannato” – Montecchio Maggiore (Vicenza), pp.183
        • Cornedo Vicentino
          • Spagnago
    		Lapis, 15 (12), 27-32+50.; Boscardin M.,Daleffe A.,Rocchetti I., Zordan A. (2011) " Minerali del Vicentino - Aggiornamenti, località e nuove determinazioni " Museo di Archeologia e Scienze Naturali “G. Zannato” – Montecchio Maggiore (Vicenza), pp.183
        • Gambellara
          • S. Marco hill
    		Boscardin M.,Daleffe A.,Rocchetti I., Zordan A. (2011) " Minerali del Vicentino - Aggiornamenti, località e nuove determinazioni " Museo di Archeologia e Scienze Naturali “G. Zannato” – Montecchio Maggiore (Vicenza), pp.183
        • Laghi
    		Zordan, A., Boscardin, M., & Zorzi, F. (2008). Foshagite di Contrada Molini, Laghi (Vicenza). Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 3/2008, 178-180.
        • Posina
          • Pasubio Massif
            • Punta della Lucche
    		Boscardin M.,Daleffe A.,Rocchetti I., Zordan A. (2011) " Minerali del Vicentino - Aggiornamenti, località e nuove determinazioni " Museo di Archeologia e Scienze Naturali “G. Zannato” – Montecchio Maggiore (Vicenza), pp.183
        • Schio
          • Tretto
            • Val Munari
              • Contrade Maglio-Pornaro
    		Zordan, A. (1999): Brevi segnalazioni mineralogiche dal Vicentino. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 23, 4 (4-1999), 218-220; Boscardin, M., Daleffe, A., Rocchetti, I., Zordan, A. (2011): Minerali del Vicentino - Aggiornamenti, località e nuove determinazioni. Museo di Archeologia e Scienze Naturali “G. Zannato”, Montecchio Maggiore (Vicenza), 183 pp.; Zordan, A. (2014): Provincia di Vicenza. In: Zorzi, F., Boscardin, M., (eds.), Minerali del Veneto. Alla scoperta dei tesori della nostra regione. Museo di Storia Naturale e Archeologia di Montebelluna - Treviso, Cierre Edizioni, Sommacampagna, 173-246.
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Chubu Region
        • Niigata Prefecture
          • Itoigawa City
            • Ohmi
    		Alluvial cobbles in innumerable collections.
        • Shizuoka Prefecture
          • Amagi-Yugashima
    		Dr. Kameki Kinoshita collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
      • Chugoku Region
        • Okayama Prefecture
          • Ihara City (Ibara City)
            • Higashi-Mihara
    		http://www.handbookofmineralogy.org/pdfs/xonotlite.pdf
          • Takahashi City
            • Bicchu-cho (Bitchu-cho)
              • Fuka
    		Mineralogical Journal Vol. 14 (1989) , No. 7 pp 299-302; Henmi, C., Kusachi, I., Kawahara, A., & Henmi, K. (1978). 7T wollastonite from Fuka, Okayama Prefecture. Mineralogical Journal, 9(3), 169-181.; Henmi, C., & Kusachi, I. (1992). Clinotobermorite, Ca5Si6 (O, OH) 18· 5H2O, a new mineral from Fuka, Okayama Prefecture, Japan. Mineralogical Magazine, 56(3), 353-358.
              • Shitouyouze
    		Matsueda, H. (1983) Journal of the Mining College, Akita University, Ser. A, Mining Geology, 6, #3, 259-292.
      • Kinki Region
        • Hyogo Prefecture
          • Yabu City
            • Sekinomiya-machi
    		Yamada, S. (2004) Nihonsan-koubutsu Gojuon-hairetsu Sanchi-ichiranhyou (111 pp.)
        • Mie Prefecture
          • Toba City
    		Ohe Rikosha specimens; Yamada, S. (2004) Nihonsan-koubutsu Gojuon-hairetsu Sanchi-ichiranhyou (111 pp.)
    Yamada, S. (2004) Nihonsan-koubutsu Gojuon-hairetsu Sanchi-ichiranhyou (111 pp.)
      • Tohoku Region
        • Fukushima Prefecture
    		Matsuyama, F. (2001)
    • Kyushu Region
      • Oita Prefecture
        • Bungo-Ohno City
          • Mie-cho-washidani
    		Uehara, S., et al (2014) MInerals from Kyushu and Yamaguchi. (Fukuoka Mineral Club, 355 pages)
    • Shikoku Island
      • Kochi Prefecture
        • Kochi City
          • Engyouji (Engyoji)
    		Yamada, S. (2004) Nihonsan-koubutsu Gojuon-hairetsu Sanchi-ichiranhyou (111 pp.)
          • Rendai
        • Konan City
    		Handbook of Mineralogy, (c) 2001.
    Mexico
     
    • Hidalgo
      • Mun. de Pachuca
        • Pachuca de Soto (Pachuca)
    		Panczner(1987):399.
    • Puebla
      • Mun. de Tetela de Ocampo
        • Tetela de Ocampo (Tetela; Tetella de Ocampo)
    		Panczner(1987):399.
    Panczner(1987):399.
    Pancnzer(1987):399.
    Panczner (1987): 399.
      • Mun. de Tetela del Oro
        • Tetela del Oro
    		Panczner(1987):399.
    Rammelsberg C (1866) Ueber den Xonaltit, ein neues wasserhaltiges Kalksilikat, und den Bustamit aus Mexiko, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft 18, 33-34; Dana 6:569; Panczner(1987):399.
    New Zealand
     
    • North Island
      • Waikato
        • Piopio
    		O'Brien, J. P., & Rodgers, K. A. (1973). Xonotlite and rodingites from Wairere, New Zealand. Mineralogical Magazine, 39, 233-240.
    • South Island
      • Southland
    		Judy Rowe collection
    Puerto Rico
     
    AmMin 38:860
    Romania
     
    • Caraş-Severin Co.
      • Banat Mts
    		Marincea, S., Dumitraş. D-G., Ghinet, C, Fransolet, A.-M., Hatert, F. & Rondeaux, M. (2011): Gehlenite from three occurrences of high-temperature skarns, Romania: new mineralogical data. Canadian Mineralogist. 49, 1001-1014
    • Hunedoara Co.
      • Hunedoara
    		Marincea, Ş., Bilal, E., Verkaeren, J., Pascal, M.-L., and Fonteilles, M. (2001) Superposed paragenesis in spurrite-, tilleyite- and gehlenite-bearing skarns from Cornet Hill, Apuseni Mountains, Romania. Canadian Mineralogist: 39: 1435-1453.; The Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 39, pp. 1405-1434 (2001); Marincea, Ş., Dumitraş, D. G., Călin, N., Anason, A. M., Fransolet, A. M., & Hatert, F. (2013). Spurrite, tilleyite and associated minerals in the exoskarn zone from Cornet Hill (Metaliferi Massif, Apuseni Mountains, Romania). The Canadian Mineralogist, 51(3), 359-375.
    Russia
     
    • Eastern-Siberian Region
      • Sakha Republic (Saha Republic; Yakutia)
    		[World of Stones 12:49]
      • Taymyrskiy Autonomous Okrug
        • Taimyr Peninsula
          • Putoran Plateau
    		Spiridonov, E. M. (2010). Ore-magmatic systems of the Noril’sk ore field. Russian Geology and Geophysics, 51(9), 1059-1077.
    • Far-Eastern Region
      • Chukotskii Autonomous Okrug
        • Koryakskoe plateau
    		http://geo.web.ru/druza/l-Tamvatnei.htm
    • Northern Caucasus Region
      • Kabardino-Balkarian Republic
        • Baksan Valley
    		Pavel M. Kartashov data; Kulikov, I. V., & Boyarskaya, R. V. (1989). Hydrosaline melts in inclusions in fluorite from the Tyrnyauz Deposit. International Geology Review, 31(10), 1039-1054.
          • Upper Chegem volcanic caldera (Verkhnechegemskaya caldera)
    		A. E. Zadov data
    • Urals Region
      • Middle Urals
        • Sverdlovskaya Oblast'
          • Asbest
    		Antonov A.A. [Антонов А.А.] (2003): Mineralogy of rodingites of the Bazhenovsk ultrabasic massif [Минералогия родингитов Баженовского гипербазитого массива]. Nauka, Sankt-Peterburg, 129 pp. (in Russian).
          • Sysert' District
            • Polevskoi (Polevskoi Zavod)
    		Grabezhev, A. I., Pertsev, N. N., Zadov, A. E., Pribavkin, S. V., & Murzin, V. V. (2007). Calcic hydrosilicate metasomatic rocks at the Gumeshevsk skarn-porphyry copper deposit in the central Urals, Russia. Petrology, 15(5), 514-522.
    South Africa
     
    • Limpopo Province
      • Phalaborwa
        • Loolekop
    		Minerals of South Africa; Gliddon, J. (1996) Minerals of the Palabora open pit. British Micromount Society 43:2-7
    • Northern Cape Province
      • Kalahari manganese field
        • Black Rock
    		Rob Lavinsky photo
        • Hotazel
    		Giester, G., & Rieck, B. (1996). Wesselsite, SrCu [Si4Olo], a further new gillespite-group mineral from the Kalahari Manganese Field, South Africa. Mineralogical Magazine, 60, 795-798.
        • Kuruman
          • N'Chwaning Mines
    		Minerals of South Africa
    Sweden
     
    • Medelpad
      • Sundsvall
    		Sandström, F., Binett, T., Wiklund, C. & Vikström, J. (2010): Alnöområdets geologi och mineralogi. Litiofilen. 27 (2) :14-42
    • Värmland
      • Filipstad
    		Nysten, P., Holtstam, D. and Jonsson, E. (1999) The Långban minerals. In Långban - The mines,their minerals, geology and explorers (D. Holtstam and J. Langhof, eds.), Swedish Museum of Natural History and Raster Förlag, Stockholm & Chr. Weise Verlag, Munich, pp. 89-183.
        • Persberg district
          • Pajsberg
    		Mofjell, E.(1990): Xonotlite, Harstigen. Långbansnytt. vol 6 [reprinted in: Långbansnytt. De första 20 åren 1983-2003. Långbansällskapet - Skrifter och rapporter. 2, 141]; Mofjell, E. (1990): Mineralnytt från Sverige. STEIN 17(4),38
    UK
     
    • Northern Ireland
      • Co. Antrim
        • Glenoe
    		Henmi C, Kusachi I, Henmi K, Sabine P A, Young B R (1973) A new mineral bicchulite, the natural analogue of gehlenite hydrate, from Fuka, Okayama Prefecture, Japan and Carneal, County Antrim, Northern Ireland, Mineralogical Journal, 7, 243-251
        • Larne
    		https://e-rocks.com/item/csw205175/larnite-tobermorite-xontolite
    • Scotland
      • Buchan Grampian
        • Huntly
          • The Bin (Bin of Huntly)
    		BMS Collection
      • North West Highlands
        • Ardnamurchan
    		American Mineralogist 35:1080
        • Glen Urquhart
    		[Specimen in the Natural History Museum, London]
        • Isle of Skye
          • Trotternish
            • Portree
    		Sweet, J. M., Bothwell, D. I., & Williams, D. L. (1961). Tacharanite and Other Hydrated Calcium Silicates from Portree, Isle of Skye. Mineral. Mag, 32, 745-53.
      • Strathclyde
        • Isle of Mull
    		[Specimen in the Natural History Museum, London]
    Dana 6:569
    Dana 6:569
    USA
     
    • Arizona
      • Gila Co.
        • Dripping Spring Mts
          • Banner District
            • Christmas area
              • Christmas
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 358, 428; Cesbron, F.P. & S.A. Williams (1980), Apachite and gilalite, two new copper silicates from Christmas, AZ, Mineralogical Magazine: 43: 639-641.; Bob Meyer (2012) Micro Mineral Collector. Friends of Mineralogy National Newsletter 42:10-13
    • California
      • Colusa Co.
        • Coast Ranges
          • Stonyford
    		Mr. Gail E. Dunning.
      • Mendocino Co.
        • Cloverdale area
          • Russian River
    		Pabst, Adolf, Gross, E.B., and Alfors, J.T. (1967) Rosenhahnite, a new hydrous calcium silicate from Mendocino County, California. American Mineralogist: 52: 336; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 409.
        • Coastal Range
          • Reeves Place
            • Leech Lake Mountain
    		Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 390; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California: 409, 410.
      • Monterey Co.
        • Diablo Range
          • Priest Valley
    		Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 390.
      • Riverside Co.
        • Crestmore
          • Crestmore quarries
            • Sky Blue Hill
    		Eakle, Arthur Starr (1917), Minerals associated with the crystalline limestone at Crestmore, Riverside County, California: University of California Department of Geological Sciences Bulletin: 10: 327-360; Eakle, Arthur Starr (1921), Jurupaite, a new mineral: American Mineralogist: 6: 107-109; Woodford, A.O., Crippen, R.A., and Garner, K.B. (1941) Section Across Commercial Quarry, Crestmorre, California. American Mineralogist: 26: 352-381; Daly, John W. (1935), Paragenesis of mineral assemblages at Crestmore, California American Mineralogist: 20: 654; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 409.
      • San Francisco Co.
    		www.missourigeologists.org/Min-Loc1-2005.pdf.
    Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 115, 390.
          • Fort Point
    		Eakle, Arthur Starr (1901), Mineralogical notes; with chemical analyses by W.T. Schaller: University of California, Department of Geological Science Bulletin: 2: 316; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 222, 390; Schlocker, J. (1974) Geology of the San Francisco North quadrangle. USGS Professional Paper 782, 109 pp.; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 201-202, 409.
      • Santa Barbara Co.
        • Guadalupe
    		Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 409.
        • Santa Ynez
    		Hanks, Henry Garber (1888), Pectolite Mining and Scientific Press: 56: 44; Irelan, William, Jr. (1890a), Ninth annual report of the State Mineralogist: California Mining Bureau. Report 9, 352 pp.: 47; Larsen, Esper Signius (1923), The identity of eakleite and xonotlite: American Mineralogist: 8: 181-182; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 285.
    Larsen, Esper Signius (1917), Eakleite, a new mineral from California: American Journal of Science, 4th. series: 43: 464-465; Larsen, Esper Signius (1923), The identity of eakleite and xonotlite: American Mineralogist: 8: 181-182; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 173, 390.
    • Maryland
      • Montgomery Co.
        • Rockville
    		[MinRec 30:467]
    • Michigan
      • Keweenaw Co.
        • Lake Superior
    		AmMin 7:23
    • Missouri
      • St. Genevieve Co.
    		R&M 73:2 pp 98-117
    • New Jersey
      • Sussex Co.
        • Franklin Mining District
          • Franklin
    		Palache(1935):114; Dunn(1995):Pt3:450.
    Beth Schaefer
    FOMS Millsite Committee (1986) (circa), List of Mineral Species Found on the Franklin Mill Site, Franklin-Ogdensburg Mineralogical Society (unpublished).
    • North Carolina
      • Durham Co.
        • Durham
    		Kenny Gay message 15.09.2005 Smithsonian Institution Mineral Reference Collection No.171443-00,171453-00,and 171444-00.
    • Texas
      • Culberson Co.
        • Apache Peak area
    		Rocks & Minerals: 66(3): 196-224.; Am Min 51:1766-1774
    • Vermont
      • Orleans & Lamoille Cos.
        • Lowell & Eden
    		Rocks & Min. Vol. 71, (1996)
    • Virginia
      • Loudoun Co.
    		AmMin 10:12
    Minerals of Virginia 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
    Minerals of Virginia 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
    • Washington
      • Skagit Co.
        • Cypress Island
    		Cannon, B. (1975): Minerals of Washington, p.74
    Cannon, B. (1975): Minerals of Washington, p.74
          • Triangulation Point
    		Cannon, B. (1975): Minerals of Washington, p.74
      • Whatcom Co.
    		Cannon, B. (1975): Minerals of Washington, p.85
    Minerals of Washington, B. Cannon, 1975
    Minerals of Washington, B. Cannon, 1975
    Mineral and/or Locality  
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