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Yttrialite-(Y)

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered

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Photos of Yttrialite-(Y) (18)

Yttrialite-(Y) Gallery Search Photos of Yttrialite-(Y)

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Yttrialite-(Y)

Baringer Hill Mine, Bluffton, Llano County, Texas, USA

Yttrialite-(Y), etc.

Suishoyama pegmatite, Iizaka Village, Kawamata, Date District, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan

Yttrialite-(Y), etc.

Khaldzan Buragtag massif, Myangad District, Khovd Province, Mongolia

Yttrialite-(Y)

Baringer Hill Mine, Bluffton, Llano County, Texas, USA

Yttrialite-(Y), etc.

Suishoyama pegmatite, Iizaka Village, Kawamata, Date District, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan

Yttrialite-(Y), etc.

Khaldzan Buragtag massif, Myangad District, Khovd Province, Mongolia

Yttrialite-(Y)

Baringer Hill Mine, Bluffton, Llano County, Texas, USA

Yttrialite-(Y), etc.

Suishoyama pegmatite, Iizaka Village, Kawamata, Date District, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan

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About Yttrialite-(Y)Hide

Formula:

(Y,Th)₂Si₂O₇

Colour:

Olive-green, brown to black; often with an orange-yellow crust

Lustre:

Vitreous, Greasy, Dull

Hardness:

5 - 5½

Specific Gravity:

4.56 - 4.58

Crystal System:

Monoclinic

Member of:

Thortveitite Group

Name:

Named after its chemical composition containing yttrium. Originally named simply yttrialite. The suffix was added in 1987 by the IMA with the adoption of the Levinson for REE minerals.

NOTE: not to be confused with Yttriaite-(Y)

Type Locality:

ⓘ Baringer Hill Mine, Bluffton, Llano County, Texas, USA

Known synthetic analogue.
Probably polymorphous with anorthoyttrialite-(Y) (?: confirmation needed).

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

4367

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:4367:6

GUID
(UUID V4):

aa696992-2ce5-4c74-a346-dafaf404c70d

IMA Classification of Yttrialite-(Y)Hide

IMA status:

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)

IMA status notes:

Renamed by the IMA

IMA Formula:

Y₂Si₂O₇

First published:

1889

Type description reference:

Hidden, W.E., Mackintosh, J.B. (1889) A description of several yttria and thoria minerals from Llano County, Texas. American Journal of Science, 138, 474-486.

Classification of Yttrialite-(Y)Hide

Strunz-mindat (2024):

9.BC.05

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
B : Sorosilicates
C : Si₂O₇ groups, without non-tetrahedral anions; cations in octahedral [6] and greater coordination

Dana 8th ed.:

55.2.1b.3

55 : SOROSILICATES Si₂O₇ Groups,Generally with no Additional Anions
2 : Si₂O₇ Groups, Generally with no Additional Anions with cations in [6] coordination

Hey's CIM Ref.:

14.11.5

14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
11 : Silicates of Th and Hg

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

Symbol	Source	Reference
Ytt-Y	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
	The Canadian Mineralogist (2019)	The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download

Physical Properties of Yttrialite-(Y)Hide

Lustre:

Vitreous, Greasy, Dull

Transparency:

Translucent, Opaque

Colour:

Olive-green, brown to black; often with an orange-yellow crust

Hardness:

5 - 5½ on Mohs scale

Cleavage:

Distinct/Good
platy

Density:

4.56 - 4.58 g/cm³ (Measured) 4.0 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Chemistry of Yttrialite-(Y)Hide

Mindat Formula:

(Y,Th)₂Si₂O₇

Elements listed:

O, Si, Th, Y - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Chemical AnalysisHide

Oxide wt%:

	1
SiO₂	28.70 %
Fe₂O₃	1.18 %
MnO	0.48 %
MgO	0.15 %
CaO	0.93 %
UO₂	2.59 %
ThO₂	6.97 %
Y₂O₃	31.37 %
La₂O₃	0.14 %
Ce₂O₃	0.66 %
Pr₂O₃	0.15 %
Nd₂O₃	1.09 %
Sm₂O₃	1.17 %
Eu₂O₃	0.05 %
Gd₂O₃	2.44 %
Tb₂O₃	0.61 %
Dy₂O₃	5.35 %
Ho₂O₃	1.00 %
Er₂O₃	3.69 %
Tm₂O₃	0.75 %
Yb₂O₃	5.58 %
Lu₂O₃	1.45 %
H₂O	3.68 %
Total:	100.18 %

Sample references:

ID	Locality	Reference	Notes
1	Ivedal 1 Feldspar Prospect, Ivedal, Iveland, Agder, Norway	Nilssen, Borghild (1971) Yttrialite from Ivedal, Iveland, South Norway. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift [Norwegian Journal of Geology], 51 (1) 1-8	Com

Crystallography of Yttrialite-(Y)Hide

Crystal System:

Monoclinic

Class (H-M):

2/m - Prismatic

Space Group:

P2₁/m

Setting:

P2₁/m

Cell Parameters:

a = 7.50 Å, b = 8.06 Å, c = 5.02 Å
α = 112.00°

Ratio:

a:b:c = 0.931 : 1 : 0.623

Unit Cell V:

0.00 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Comment:

commonly metamict.

Crystal StructureHide

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Link	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0014180	Yttrialite-(Y)	Batalieva N G, Pyatenko Yu A (1971) Artificial yttrialite (gamma-phase) - a representative of a new structure type in the rare earth diorthosilicate series Kristallografiya 16 905-910		1971		0	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Yttrialite-(Y)'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Batalieva N G'
'Pyatenko Yu A'
_journal_name_full 'Kristallografiya'
_journal_volume 16 
_journal_year 1971
_journal_page_first 905
_journal_page_last 910
_publ_section_title
;
 Artificial yttrialite (gamma-phase) - a representative of a
 new structure type in the rare earth diorthosilicate series
;
_database_code_amcsd 0014180
_chemical_formula_sum 'Y2 Si2 O7'
_cell_length_a 7.50
_cell_length_b 8.06
_cell_length_c 5.02
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 112.0
_cell_angle_gamma 90
_cell_volume 281.362
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      4.084
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'P 1 21/m 1'
loop_
_space_group_symop_operation_xyz
  'x,y,z'
  'x,1/2-y,z'
  '-x,1/2+y,-z'
  '-x,-y,-z'
loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
_atom_site_U_iso_or_equiv
Y1   0.00000   0.00000   0.00000   0.03673
Y2   0.50000   0.00000   0.00000   0.03673
Si1   0.12000   0.25000   0.58800   0.03673
Si2   0.70900   0.25000   0.54800   0.03673
O1   0.19000   0.25000   0.31000   0.03673
O2   0.50800   0.25000   0.26400   0.03673
O3   0.88000   0.25000   0.43000   0.03673
O4   0.19000   0.09000   0.80000   0.03673
O5   0.68800   0.09000   0.73600   0.03673

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
4.68 Å	(80)
4.04 Å	(80)
3.46 Å	(90)
3.19 Å	(50)
3.05 Å	(100)
2.99 Å	(50)
2.63 Å	(90)
2.39 Å	(90)
2.05 Å	(90)
2.02 Å	(50)
2.01 Å	(50)
1.86 Å	(60)
1.74 Å	(60)

Comments:

Ivedal, Norway. The data are from Nilssen (1971). The sample was heated at 850°C. That reference provides a thorough summary of different natural and synthetic patterns obtained at different temperatures.

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks	>3.0
34 : Complex granite pegmatites

Type Occurrence of Yttrialite-(Y)Hide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Baringer Hill Mine, Bluffton, Llano County, Texas, USA

General Appearance of Type Material:

Massive.

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

No designated type specimen.

Geological Setting of Type Material:

Polymetallic deposit hosted in pegmatitic granite.

Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Zircon	Xenotime	Thortveitite	Spessartine	Quartz
Microcline	Magnetite	Gadolinite	Gadolinite	Fluorite
Fluorite	Fergusonite	Britholite-(Y)	Biotite	Allanite Group
Albite

Reference:

Hidden, W.E., Mackintosh, J.B. (1889) A description of several yttria and thoria minerals from Llano County, Texas. American Journal of Science, 138, 474-486.

Download:

https://rruff.info/rruff_1.0/uploads/AJS38_474.pdf

Other Language Names for Yttrialite-(Y)Hide

German:Yttrialith-(Y)

Russian:Иттриалит-(Y)

Simplified Chinese:硅钍钇矿

Relationship of Yttrialite-(Y) to other SpeciesHide

Member of:

Thortveitite Group

Other Members of this group:

Keiviite-(Y)	Y₂Si₂O₇	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
Keiviite-(Yb)	Yb₂Si₂O₇	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
Thortveitite	Sc₂Si₂O₇	Mon. 2/m : B2/m

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:

6 photos of Yttrialite-(Y) associated with Keiviite-(Y)	Y₂Si₂O₇
5 photos of Yttrialite-(Y) associated with Britholite-(Y)	(Y,Ca)₅(SiO₄)₃OH
4 photos of Yttrialite-(Y) associated with Keiviite-(Y)-Keiviite-(Yb) Series
4 photos of Yttrialite-(Y) associated with Formanite-(Y)	YTaO₄
3 photos of Yttrialite-(Y) associated with Tengerite-(Y)	Y₂(CO₃)₃ · 2-3H₂O
1 photo of Yttrialite-(Y) associated with Kamphaugite-(Y)	Ca(Y,REE)(CO₃)₂(OH) · H₂O
1 photo of Yttrialite-(Y) associated with Elpidite	Na₂ZrSi₆O₁₅ · 3H₂O
1 photo of Yttrialite-(Y) associated with Microcline	K(AlSi₃O₈)
1 photo of Yttrialite-(Y) associated with Zinnwaldite
1 photo of Yttrialite-(Y) associated with Yttrofluorite	(Ca_1-xY_x)F_2+x where 0.05< x

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

9.BC.	Kozłowskiite	Ca₄Fe²⁺₂Sn₃(Si₂O₇)₂(Si₂O₆OH)₂	Tric. 1
9.BC.	Anorthoyttrialite-(Y)	Y₄(SiO₄)(Si₃O₁₀)	Tric. 1 : P1
9.BC.05	Gittinsite	CaZrSi₂O₇	Mon. 2 : B2
9.BC.05	Keiviite-(Y)	Y₂Si₂O₇	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.BC.05	Keiviite-(Yb)	Yb₂Si₂O₇	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.BC.05	Thortveitite	Sc₂Si₂O₇	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.BC.10	Keldyshite	(Na,H)₂ZrSi₂O₇	Tric. 1 : P1
9.BC.10	Khibinskite	K₂ZrSi₂O₇	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.BC.10	Parakeldyshite	Na₂ZrSi₂O₇	Tric. 1 : P1
9.BC.15	Rankinite	Ca₃Si₂O₇	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.BC.20	Barysilite	Pb₈Mn²⁺[Si₂O₇]₃	Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3c
9.BC.25	Edgarbaileyite	[Hg₂]²⁺₃[Si₂O₇]	Mon.
9.BC.30	Kristiansenite	Ca₄Sc₂Sn₂(Si₂O₇)₂(Si₂O₆OH)₂	Tric. 1
9.BC.30	Silesiaite	Ca₄Fe³⁺₂Sn₂(Si₂O₇)₂(Si₂O₆OH)₂	Tric. 1
9.BC.35	Percleveite-(Ce)	Ce₂Si₂O₇	Tet. 4 : P4₁
9.BC.35	Percleveite-(La)	La₂Si₂O₇	Tet. 4 : P4₁
9.BC.40	Scottyite	BaCu₂Si₂O₇	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmna

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for Yttrialite-(Y)Hide

mindat.org URL:

https://www.mindat.org/min-4367.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

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External Links:

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Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

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References for Yttrialite-(Y)Hide

Reference List:

Hidden, W.E., Mackintosh, J.B. (1889) A description of several yttria and thoria minerals from Llano County, Texas. American Journal of Science, 138, 474-486.

Hillebrand, W.F. (1905) The composition of yttrialite, with a criticism of the formula assigned to thalenite. United States Geological Survey, Bulletin 262, 61-68.

Omori, K., Hasegawa, S. (1953) Yttrialite and abukumalite from a pegmatite of Suisho-yama, Iizaka Village, Fukushima Prefecture. Ganseki Kobutsu Kosho Gakkai-Shi, 37, 21-29.

Lima de Faria, J. (1964) Identification of metamict minerals by X-ray powder photo graphs. Estudos, Ensaips e documentos, 112.

Ito, J., Johnson, H. (1968) Synthesis and study of yttrialite. American Mineralogist, 53, 1940-1952.

Nilssen, Borghild (1971) Yttrialite from Ivedal, Iveland, South Norway. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift [Norwegian Journal of Geology], 51 (1) 1-8

Batalieva, N.G., Pyatenko, Y.A. (1972) Artificial yttrialite ("γ-phase") - a representative of a new structure type in the rare earth diorthosilicate series. Soviet Physics - Crystallography, 16, 786-789.

Ewing, R.C., Ehlmann, A.J. (1973) Yttrialite and uraninite, additional minerals from the Rode Ranch pegmatite, Central Mineral Region, Texas. American Mineralogist: 58: 545-547.

Nickel, Ernest H., Mandarino, Joseph A. (1987) Procedures involving the IMA Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names and guidelines on mineral nomenclature. American Mineralogist, 72 (9-10) 1031-1042

Dolan, M., Harlan, B., White, J., Hall, M., Misture, S., Bancheri, S., Bewlay, B. (2008) Structures and anisotropic thermal expansion of the α, β, γ, and δ polymorphs of Y2Si2O7. Powder Diffraction, 23(1), 20-25.

Kaindl, R., Többens, D.M., Kahlenberg, V. (2011) DFT-aided interpretation of the Raman spectra of the polymorphic forms of Y2Si2O7. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 42, 78-85.

Plášil, J., Škoda, R., Fatková, K. (2022) Crystallization of uranyl silicate natroboltwoodite during an experimental dissolution of the mineral yttrialite-(Y): Crystal structure and Raman spectroscopy. Crystal Growth and Design, 22, 1202-1211.

Localities for Yttrialite-(Y)Hide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


Brazil
Rio de Janeiro Itatiaia ⓘ Itatiaia alkaline complex	elluso et al. (2016) +1 other reference

China
Yunnan Chuxiong Wuding County ⓘ Yinachang Fe-Cu-REE deposit	Ligang et al. (2018)

Finland
North Ostrobothnia Pyhäntä ⓘ Lamujärvi area	Al Ani and Torppa Akseli 2011. REE-Nb ...
Pirkanmaa Valkeakoski ⓘ Pyörönmaa pegmatite	Pavel M. Kartashov analythical data (2014)
Southwest Finland Kimitoön (Kemiönsaari) Kimitoön Island ⓘ Lövböle	Jyrki Autio Collection. Pavel M. ...

France
New Caledonia Northern Province Ouégoa ⓘ Unnamed Ridgeline	Spandler +1 other reference

Greece
Central Macedonia Kilkis Kilkis ⓘ Vathi	www.researchgate.net (n.d.) +1 other reference

Japan
Ehime Prefecture Matsuyama City ⓘ Komenono	Kato (1973)
Fukushima Prefecture Date District Kawamata ⓘ Fusamata	Mineralogical Society of America - ... +1 other reference
Iizaka Village (Iisaka) ⓘ Suishoyama pegmatite (Suishouyama; Suisyoyama; Suishyoyama)	SUENO et al. (2002)
Kagawa Prefecture Takamatsu ⓘ Yashima	Bernard et al. (2004)

Mongolia
Khovd Province Myangad District ⓘ Khaldzan Buragtag massif	Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)

Norway
Agder Evje og Hornnes ⓘ Høgetveit Feldspar Quarries	Nilssen (1968) +1 other reference
Iveland Ivedal ⓘ Ivedal 1 Feldspar Prospect	Nilssen (1965) +1 other reference
ⓘ Kåbuland	Nilssen (1968)
ⓘ Kåbuland 04 Feldspar Quarry	Nilssen (1968) +1 other reference
Nordland Narvik ⓘ Stetind pegmatite	Husdal (2008)
Rana Høgtuva ⓘ Bordvedåga	Grauch et al. (1994)
Telemark ⓘ Drangedal	Nilssen (1965)

Poland
Lower Silesian Voivodeship Karkonosze County Szklarska Poręba ⓘ Szklarska Poręba Huta granite quarry	Mochnacka et al. (2015) +1 other reference

Romania
Harghita County ⓘ Ditrău Complex	Hirtopanu (2006)

Russia
Murmansk Oblast Lovozersky District Keivy Mountains ⓘ Yel’skie Lakes deposits	Kalashnikov et al. (2016)
Sakha Polar Yakutia Cherskii range system Selennyakh range Tommot river ⓘ Tommotskii Massif

Sweden
Dalarna County Borlänge Stora Tuna ⓘ Holmtjärn	Natural History Museum
ⓘ Idkerberget	Mike Scott S103050 fm Cureton #DZE from ...

USA
Texas Burnet County ⓘ Clear Creek pegmatite	Crook (1977) +1 other reference
Llano County Bluffton ⓘ Baringer Hill Mine (TL)	Dana 6 +3 other references
ⓘ Rode Ranch pegmatite	R&M 66:3 pp. 196-224. +1 other reference
ⓘ Virginia	Dietrich (1990)
Bedford County Moneta-Forest ⓘ Wheatley Pegmatite Mine (Big Hicks Mine; Moneta Mine)	Dietrich (1990)

Yttrialite-(Y)

About Yttrialite-(Y)Hide

Unique IdentifiersHide

IMA Classification of Yttrialite-(Y)Hide

Classification of Yttrialite-(Y)Hide

Mineral SymbolsHide

Physical Properties of Yttrialite-(Y)Hide

Chemistry of Yttrialite-(Y)Hide

Chemical AnalysisHide

Crystallography of Yttrialite-(Y)Hide

Crystal StructureHide

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Geological EnvironmentHide

Type Occurrence of Yttrialite-(Y)Hide

Other Language Names for Yttrialite-(Y)Hide

Relationship of Yttrialite-(Y) to other SpeciesHide

Common AssociatesHide

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

Other InformationHide

Internet Links for Yttrialite-(Y)Hide

References for Yttrialite-(Y)Hide

Localities for Yttrialite-(Y)Hide

Locality ListHide

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide