Klaprothite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Klaprothite
Formula:
Na6(UO2)(SO4)4 · 4H2O
Colour:
yellowish green to greenish-yellow
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
2½
Specific Gravity:
2.90
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named in honour of Martin Heinrich Klaproth (1 December 1743 – 1 January 1817), German chemist and discoverer of uranium, zirconium, and cerium.
Dimorph of:
Related to ottohahnite.
Also chemically related to belakovskiite, fermiite, meisserite, oppenheimerite, plášilite, and natrozippeite.
Found together with péligotite and ottohahnite; the three minerals are very similar in terms of physical and chemical properties (colour, fracture, hardness, water solubility, fluorescence); yet klaprothite is distinguished by a perfect cleavage.
The structure is similar to that of péligotite and is based on [(UO2)(SO4)4]6– clusters, with one of the sulphate tetrahedra being doubly (bidentate) linked to UO7 polyhedron; Na-O polyhedra provide two types of linkages: (1) for the clusters, to give thick heteropolyhedral layers, and (2) between the layers, to form the framework. The structural difference between the two minerals lies in the layer-linking Na-O polyhedra.
Note: The name was previously used (see Klaprothite (of Petersen) and Klaprothite (of Beudant)) but in all cases the name was later discredited.
Also chemically related to belakovskiite, fermiite, meisserite, oppenheimerite, plášilite, and natrozippeite.
Found together with péligotite and ottohahnite; the three minerals are very similar in terms of physical and chemical properties (colour, fracture, hardness, water solubility, fluorescence); yet klaprothite is distinguished by a perfect cleavage.
The structure is similar to that of péligotite and is based on [(UO2)(SO4)4]6– clusters, with one of the sulphate tetrahedra being doubly (bidentate) linked to UO7 polyhedron; Na-O polyhedra provide two types of linkages: (1) for the clusters, to give thick heteropolyhedral layers, and (2) between the layers, to form the framework. The structural difference between the two minerals lies in the layer-linking Na-O polyhedra.
Note: The name was previously used (see Klaprothite (of Petersen) and Klaprothite (of Beudant)) but in all cases the name was later discredited.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
46969
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:46969:8
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
e676e83d-7fe6-43b6-8703-d8f68277aaf9
Classification of Klaprothite
Approved
Approval year:
2015
First published:
2017
7.EC.70
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
E : Uranyl sulfates
C : With medium-sized and large cations
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
E : Uranyl sulfates
C : With medium-sized and large cations
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Kpr | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Klaprothite
Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
yellowish green to greenish-yellow
Hardness:
2½ on Mohs scale
Comment:
ca. 2.5
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
{100} and {001}
{100} and {001}
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
2.90(2) g/cm3 (Measured) 2.923 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Comment:
Calculated value is based on empirical formula
Optical Data of Klaprothite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.497(1) nβ = 1.517(1) nγ = 1.519(1)
2V:
Measured: 34° (1), Calculated: 34.7°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.022
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Low
Dispersion:
r>v, distinct
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
X=colourless, Y=light yellowish green, Z=light yellowish green; X
Comments:
Y=b, X ∧ c=10° in obtuse angle β.
Chemical Properties of Klaprothite
Formula:
Na6(UO2)(SO4)4 · 4H2O
IMA Formula:
Na6(UO2)(SO4)4(H2O)4
Crystallography of Klaprothite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/b
Setting:
P21/c
Cell Parameters:
a = 9.8271(4) Å, b = 9.7452(3) Å, c = 20.872(1) Å
β = 98.743(7)°
β = 98.743(7)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.008 : 1 : 2.142
Unit Cell V:
1975.66 ų
Z:
4
Morphology:
Prisms are elongated on [010] and crystals exhibit the forms {100}, {001}, {110}, {011} and {012}.
Twinning:
None observed in type material
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
9.72 Å | (68) |
7.09 Å | (97) |
5.158 Å | (77) |
4.330 Å | (58) |
3.434 Å | (100) |
3.082 Å | (65) |
3.012 Å | (61) |
1.914 Å | (48) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
47b : [Sulfates and sulfites] | |
47f : [Uranyl (U⁶⁺) minerals] | |
Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals | <10 Ka |
55 : Anthropogenic mine minerals |
Type Occurrence of Klaprothite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Equant to prismatic, up to ∼1 mm, but usually much smaller. Crystal faces often are skeletal with rounded edges. Typically occurs in parallel intergrowths with surfaces made up of many stepped faces.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Cotype material: collections of (1) the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA (catalogue numbers 65610,
65611, 65612 and 65613), and (2) the Fersman Mineralogical Museum of the Russian Academy
65611, 65612 and 65613), and (2) the Fersman Mineralogical Museum of the Russian Academy
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Kampf, A.R., Plášil, J., Kasatkin, A.V., Marty, J., Čejka, J. (2017) Klaprothite, péligotite and ottohahnite, three new sodium uranyl sulfate minerals with bidentate UO7-SO4 linkages from the Blue Lizard mine, San Juan County, Utah, USA. Mineralogical Magazine: 81(4): 753-779.
Synonyms of Klaprothite
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
7.EC. | Adolfpateraite | K(UO2)(SO4)(OH)(H2O) | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
7.EC. | Beshtauite | (NH4)2(UO2)(SO4)2 · 2H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
7.EC. | Seaborgite | LiK2Na6(UO2)(SO4)5(SO3OH)(H2O) | Tric. 1 : P1 |
7.EC. | Nitscheite | (NH4)2[(UO2)2(SO4)3(H2O)2] · 3H2O | Mon. 2/m |
7.EC. | Oldsite | K2Fe2+[(UO2)(SO4)2]2(H2O)8 | Orth. mm2 : Pmn21 |
7.EC. | Libbyite | (NH4)2(Na2◻)[(UO2)2(SO4)3(H2O)]2 · 7H2O | Tet. 4 2 2 : P41 21 2 |
7.EC.05 | Cobaltzippeite | Co(UO2)2(SO4)O2 · 3.5H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
7.EC.05 | Magnesiozippeite | Mg(UO2)2(SO4)O2 · 3.5H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
7.EC.05 | Nickelzippeite | Ni2(UO2)6(SO4)3(OH)10 · 16H2O | Mon. |
7.EC.05 | Natrozippeite | Na5(UO2)8(SO4)4O5(OH)3 · 12H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
7.EC.05 | Zinczippeite | Zn(UO2)2(SO4)O2 · 3.5H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
7.EC.05 | Zippeite | K3(UO2)4(SO4)2O3(OH) · 3H2O | Mon. 2 : B2 |
7.EC.05 | Plavnoite | K0.8Mn0.6[(UO2)2O2(SO4)] · 3.5H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
7.EC.05 | Redcanyonite | (NH4)2Mn[(UO2)4O4(SO4)2](H2O)4 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
7.EC.05 | Ammoniozippeite | (NH4)2[(UO2)2(SO4)O2] · H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
7.EC.10 | Rabejacite | Ca(UO2)4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 6H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
7.EC.10 | Svornostite | K2Mg[(UO2)(SO4)2]2 · 8H2O | Orth. mm2 : Pmn21 |
7.EC.15 | Marécottite | Mg3(UO2)8(SO4)4O6(OH)2 · 28H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
7.EC.15 | Sejkoraite-(Y) | Y2(UO2)8(SO4)4O6(OH)2 · 26H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
7.EC.20 | Pseudojohannite | Cu3(OH)2[(UO2)4(SO4)2] · 12H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
7.EC.40 | Bluelizardite | Na7(UO2)(SO4)4Cl(H2O)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
7.EC.45 | Meisserite | Na5(UO2)(SO4)3(SO3OH)(H2O) | Tric. 1 : P1 |
7.EC.45 | Fermiite | Na4(UO2)(SO4)3 · 3H2O | Orth. mm2 : Pmn21 |
7.EC.45 | Oppenheimerite | Na2(UO2)(SO4)2 · 3H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
7.EC.50 | Plášilite | Na(UO2)(SO4)(OH) · 2H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
7.EC.50 | Feynmanite | Na(UO2)(SO4)(OH) · 3.5H2O | Mon. |
7.EC.55 | Geschieberite | K2(UO2)(SO4)2 · 2H2O | Orth. mm2 : Pna21 |
7.EC.60 | Ottohahnite | Na6(UO2)2(SO4)5(H2O)7 · 1.5H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
7.EC.65 | Péligotite | Na6(UO2)(SO4)4 · 4H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
7.EC.75 | Lussierite | Na10[(UO2)(SO4)4](SO4)2 · 3(H2O) | Mon. m : Bb |
7.EC.80 | Navrotskyite | K2Na10(UO2)3(SO4)9 · 2H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcm |
7.EC.85 | Pseudomeisserite-(NH4) | (NH4)2Na4[(UO2)2(SO4)5] · 4H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
7.EC.90 | Wetherillite | Na2Mg(UO2)2(SO4)4 · 18H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
Fluorescence of Klaprothite
bright bluish-green under both longwave and shortwave ultraviolet light
Other Information
Notes:
easily soluble in RT water; Raman spectrum is given (similar to that of péligotite and ottohahnite)
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Klaprothite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-46969.html
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References for Klaprothite
Reference List:
Localities for Klaprothite
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Turkey | |
| |
USA (TL) | |
| |
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Blue Lizard Mine, Red Canyon Mining District, San Juan County, Utah, USA