Akaganeite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Akaganeite
Formula:
(Fe3+,Ni2+)8(OH,O)16Cl1.25 · nH2O
Colour:
Yellowish brown, rusty brown
Lustre:
Earthy
Specific Gravity:
3.52 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named after the Akagane mine, Japan, the discovery locality. The diacritic mark was removed in 2008 by the IMA, changing the name from akaganéite to akaganeite (Burke, 2008).
The presence of akaganeite indicates high concentrations of chloride in an acidic environment (Ståhl et al. 2003). Chemically similar to droninoite. Also compare muonionalustaite; paratacamite-(Ni).
Note: The spelling akaganéite is incorrect (Burke, 2008).
Note: The spelling akaganéite is incorrect (Burke, 2008).
Unique Identifiers
IMA Classification of Akaganeite
Approved
IMA Formula:
(Fe3+,Ni2+)8(OH,O)16Cl1.25 · nH2O
Approval year:
1962
First published:
1962
Type description reference:
Classification of Akaganeite
4.DK.05
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
D : Metal: Oxygen = 1:2 and similar
K : With large (+- medium-sized) cations; tunnel structures
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
D : Metal: Oxygen = 1:2 and similar
K : With large (+- medium-sized) cations; tunnel structures
6.1.6.1
6 : HYDROXIDES AND OXIDES CONTAINING HYDROXYL
1 : XO(OH)
6 : HYDROXIDES AND OXIDES CONTAINING HYDROXYL
1 : XO(OH)
7.20.6
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
20 : Oxides of Fe
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
20 : Oxides of Fe
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Akg | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Akg | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Physical Properties of Akaganeite
Earthy
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Yellowish brown, rusty brown
Streak:
Brownish yellow
Density:
3.52 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Akaganeite
Type:
Biaxial
Dispersion:
r > v strong
Chemistry of Akaganeite
Mindat Formula:
(Fe3+,Ni2+)8(OH,O)16Cl1.25 · nH2O
Crystallography of Akaganeite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Cell Parameters:
a = 10.561 Å, b = 3.031 Å, c = 10.483 Å
β = 90.63°
β = 90.63°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 3.484 : 1 : 3.459
Unit Cell V:
335.54 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
8
Comment:
Space Group: I2/m
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0001349 | Akaganeite | Post J E, Buchwald V F (1991) Crystal structure refinement of akaganeite American Mineralogist 76 272-277 | 1991 | corrosion crust on the Camp del Cielo meteorite | 0 | 293 | |
0003079 | Akaganeite | Post J E, Heaney P J, Von Dreele R B, Hanson J C (2003) Neutron and temperature-resolved synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction study of akaganeite American Mineralogist 88 782-788 | 2003 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
1.6434 Å | (35) |
2.2952 Å | (35) |
2.5502 Å | (55) |
2.6344 Å | (25) |
3.333 Å | (100) |
5.276 Å | (30) |
7.467 Å | (40) |
Comments:
Pattern of synthetic β-FeO(OH)
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
Stage 3b: Earth’s earliest hydrosphere | >4.45 |
14 : Hot springs, geysers, and other subaerial geothermal minerals | |
Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics | <3.5-2.5 |
42 : Sea-floor Mn nodules | |
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
47g : [Halogen-bearing surface weathering minerals] | |
47i : [Terrestrial weathering of meteorites] | |
Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere | <0.6 |
48 : Soil leaching zone minerals | <0.6 |
Geological Setting:
in oxidation zones of pyrrhotite-bearing iron sulphide deposits, as an important constituent of some soils, in certain geothermal brines and in sea-floor nodules, also formed as corrosion product of some meteorites
Type Occurrence of Akaganeite
General Appearance of Type Material:
fine-grained to powdery masses, consisting of bundles of tiny spindlelike crystals up to 5 µm in length
Geological Setting of Type Material:
oxidation zone of a pyrrhotite-bearing iron sulphide deposit, apparently formed from pyrrhotite by ferric-sulphate-bearing solutions
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Mackay, A.L. (1962) β-ferric oxyhydroxide - akaganéite. Mineralogical Magazine: 33(259): 270-280.
Synonyms of Akaganeite
Other Language Names for Akaganeite
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
5 photos of Akaganeite associated with Lawrencite | (Fe2+,Ni)Cl2 |
5 photos of Akaganeite associated with Limonite | |
4 photos of Akaganeite associated with Taenite | (Fe,Ni) |
4 photos of Akaganeite associated with Plessite | |
4 photos of Akaganeite associated with Schreibersite | (Fe,Ni)3P |
3 photos of Akaganeite associated with Goethite | α-Fe3+O(OH) |
3 photos of Akaganeite associated with Kamacite | (Fe,Ni) |
2 photos of Akaganeite associated with Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
1 photo of Akaganeite associated with Spinel Subgroup | A2+D3+2O4 |
1 photo of Akaganeite associated with Slag |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
4.DK. | Ferrihollandite | Ba(Mn4+6Fe3+2)O16 |
4.DK.K | Thalliomelane | Tl(Mn4+7.5Cu2+0.5)O16 |
4.DK.4.DK. | Ferricoronadite | Pb(Mn4+6Fe3+2)O16 |
4.DK.05a | Coronadite | Pb(Mn4+6Mn3+2)O16 |
4.DK.05a | Cryptomelane | K(Mn4+7Mn3+)O16 |
4.DK.05a | Hollandite | Ba(Mn4+6Mn3+2)O16 |
4.DK.05a | Manjiroite | Na(Mn4+7Mn3+)O16 |
4.DK.05b | Mannardite | Ba(Ti4+6V3+2)O16 |
4.DK.05b | Priderite | K(Ti4+7Fe3+)O16 |
4.DK.05b | Redledgeite | Ba(Ti4+6Cr3+2)O16 |
4.DK.05b | Henrymeyerite | Ba(Ti4+7Fe2+)O16 |
4.DK.05a | Strontiomelane | Sr(Mn4+6Mn3+2)O16 |
4.DK.10 | Romanèchite | (Ba,H2O)2(Mn4+,Mn3+)5O10 |
4.DK.10 | Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Akaganeite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-67.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Akaganeite
Reference List:
Post, Jeffrey E., Buchwald, Vagn F. (1991) Crystal structure refinement of akaganéite. American Mineralogist, 76 (1-2) 272-277
Post, Jeffrey E., Heaney, Peter J., Von Dreele, Robert B., Hanson, Jonathan C. (2003) Neutron and temperature-resolved synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction study of akaganéite. American Mineralogist, 88 (5) 782-788 doi:10.2138/am-2003-5-607
Localities for Akaganeite
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Antarctica | |
| Buchwald et al. (1989) |
| Kuebler (2013) |
Argentina | |
| Anthony et al. (1997) |
Atlantic Ocean | |
| Bogdanov et al. (2008) |
Bogdanov et al. (2008) | |
Bogdanov et al. (2008) | |
Belgium | |
| Van Tassel (1959) +4 other references |
Brazil | |
| [Mandarino |
Canada | |
| Walker et al. (2009) |
Walker et al. (2009) | |
| Ames et al. (TGI) |
Chile | |
| samples analysed by Anthony Kampf +1 other reference |
China | |
| Łukasz Kruszewski PXRD data |
Czech Republic | |
| Skála R. |
Germany | |
| Walenta (1992) |
| |
Schnorrer (1993) | |
| Blaß et al. (1993) +1 other reference |
| Tony Nikischer and Luis Menezes |
| www.emc2012.org.uk (2020) |
Greece | |
| 58. +1 other reference |
Gelaude et al. (1996) | |
Gelaude et al. (1996) | |
Gelaude et al. (1996) | |
Greenland | |
| Holtstam (2006) |
India | |
| Organizing Committee IMA-IMAGOD meetings '70. Editorial Committee (1970) |
Italy | |
| Fioretti et al. (2004) |
| Ara D. et al. (2013) |
| Int. Assoc. of Collectors of Slag Minerals (2) |
| Cerutti et al. (1995) |
| Jansen et al. (1998) |
Japan (TL) | |
| Mackay (1962) +1 other reference |
Kazakhstan | |
| Sharygin (2019) |
Mexico | |
| Panczner (1987) |
New Zealand | |
| Johnston (1977) +1 other reference |
| Rod Martin et al. (NZ) |
Poland | |
| Gurdziel et al. (2016) |
| Musiał J. 1996: Results of preliminary ... |
| Färber (n.d.) |
| Ł. Kruszewski PXRD data (to be published soon) +1 other reference |
Red Sea | |
Anthony +2 other references | |
Russia | |
| Sharygin (IIAB) |
| Pavel Kartashov specimen +1 other reference |
| Pekov (2007) +1 other reference |
[World of Stones 12:49] | |
Slovakia | |
| Duda et. all. |
Sweden | |
| Holtstam et al. (2004) |
UK | |
| Ryback et al. (1992) +1 other reference |
| an abandoned uranium mine +1 other reference |
| Simon et al. (2018) |
| Anthony et al. (1997) |
Tindle (2008) | |
Ukraine | |
| Chukhrov F.V. et al. (1987) |
| Arbuzov V.A. et al. (1967) |
USA | |
| Merritt Stephen Enders (2000) |
| Eidel et al. (1968) +1 other reference |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Cerato |
| Anthony et al. (1997) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Anthony et al. (1997) |
| Bernard et al. (2004) |
| Buchwald (1975) |
Mars | |
| Grotzinger et al. (2015) +1 other reference |
| Several papers on: Science Express |
Grotzinger et al. (2015) | |
Grotzinger et al. (2015) | |
The Moon | |
| curator.jsc.nasa.gov (n.d.) |
| Mokhov A.V. et al. (2007) |
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Clara Mine, Oberwolfach, Ortenaukreis, Freiburg Region, Baden-Württemberg, Germany