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Biotite

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Photos of Biotite (452)

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Biotite

Monte Somma, Somma-Vesuvius Complex, Naples Province, Campania, Italy

Biotite

San Vito quarry, San Vito, Ercolano, Monte Somma, Somma-Vesuvius Complex, Naples Province, Campania, Italy

Biotite

Monte Somma, Somma-Vesuvius Complex, Naples Province, Campania, Italy

Biotite

San Vito quarry, San Vito, Ercolano, Monte Somma, Somma-Vesuvius Complex, Naples Province, Campania, Italy

Biotite

Monte Somma, Somma-Vesuvius Complex, Naples Province, Campania, Italy

Biotite

San Vito quarry, San Vito, Ercolano, Monte Somma, Somma-Vesuvius Complex, Naples Province, Campania, Italy

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About BiotiteHide

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Jean Baptiste Biot [April 21, 1774 Paris, France - February 3, 1862 Paris, France]

Member of:

Mica Group

Name:

Named in 1847 by Johann Friedrich Ludwig Hausmann in honour of the French physicist, mathematician, meteoriticist, astronomer, and mineralogist, Jean-Baptiste Biot [April 21, 1774, Paris, France - February 3, 1862, Paris, France], who studied the optical properties of the micas. Biot and his associate, Félix Savart, discovered that an electric current in a wire produced a magnetic field. Biot received many awards in his lifetime in recognition of the value of his scientific researches.

A series or subgroup of the Mica Group.

The CNMMN Subcommittee on Nomenclature of the Micas (1998, 1999) has recommended that the name biotite be used for a series between the joins Annite-Phlogopite and Siderophyllite-Eastonite, and is therefore no longer to be regarded as a species name. Fluorophlogopite and Fluorotetraferriphlogopite should be included. The name is most commonly used for the micas on the Fe-rich end of the series, including Annite, Fluorannite, Tetra-ferri-annite and Siderophyllite.

The name "biotite" is also used as a generic field term for any incompletely analysed dark mica.

May alter to vermiculite.

Classification of BiotiteHide

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Notes:

Redefined by the IMA

Pronounciation of BiotiteHide

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Pronounciation:

Play	Recorded by	Country
	Jolyon & Katya Ralph	United Kingdom

Age distributionHide

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Recorded ages:

Paleoarchean to Quaternary : 3366 Ma to 1.34 ± 0.05 Ma - based on 221 recorded ages.

Crystallographic forms of BiotiteHide

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Crystal Atlas:

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Biotite no.7 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

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Radiation - Copper Kα
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.

Synonyms of BiotiteHide

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Biotite-Phlogopite Series

Other Language Names for BiotiteHide

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Catalan:Biotita

Czech:Biotit

Dutch:Biotiet

Estonian:Biotiit

Finnish:Biotiitti

French:Biotite

Galician:Biotita

German:Biotit
Hydroxylbiotit
Odenit
Oderit
Odit
Rhombenglimmer

Hebrew:ביוטיט

Italian:Biotite

Japanese:黒雲母

Korean:흑운모

Lithuanian:Biotitas

Polish:Biotyt

Portuguese:Biotita

Romanian:Biotit

Russian:Биотит

Serbian (Cyrillic Script):Биотит

Simplified Chinese:黑云母

Slovak:Biotit

Spanish:Biotita
Aspidolita
Hydroxylbiotita
Odenita
Oderita
Odita

Turkish:Biyotit

Ukrainian:Біотит

Varieties of BiotiteHide

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Anomite	Mica group. An anomalous (hence the name) variety of "biotite" which has its optic axial plane perpendicular to (010).
Barian-Titanian Biotite	A barium- and titanium-bearing biotite mica.
Chrom-Biotit	A Cr-bearing variety of biotite.
Chromian Biotite	A Cr-bearing variety of biotite.
Eastonite (of Winchell)	A name for the Biotite end-member.
Heterophyllite	Designation for a uniaxial biotite from Mangualde, Portugal.
Manganophyllite	A Mn-rich variety of Biotite. Originally described from Harstigen Mine, Pajsberg, Filipstad, Värmland, Sweden.
Mg(T) Mica	An Aluminium-poor Biotite group mica.
Natronbiotite	A biotite with Na partially replacing K
Oxybiotite	An oxidized biotite (?). Name not mentioned in the mica report.
Rubellan	Oxidized and dehydrogenated Biotite.
Titanbiotite	Ti-bearing variety of biotite; occurs in volcanic rocks.
Titanian Biotite	Ti variety of Biotite

Relationship of Biotite to other SpeciesHide

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Member of:

Mica Group

Other Members of this group:

Aluminoceladonite	K(Mg,Fe²⁺)Al(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂	Mon.
Anandite	(Ba,K)(Fe²⁺,Mg)₃((Si,Al,Fe)₄O₁₀)(S,OH)₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
Annite	KFe²⁺₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
Aspidolite	NaMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
Balestraite	KLi₂V⁵⁺Si₄O₁₂	Mon. 2 : B2
Bityite	LiCaAl₂(AlBeSi₂O₁₀)(OH)₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
Boromuscovite	KAl₂(BSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂	Mon.
Brammallite	(Na,H₃O)(Al,Mg,Fe)₂((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂	Mon.
Celadonite	K(Mg,Fe²⁺)Fe³⁺(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
Chernykhite	(Ba,Na)(V³⁺,Al,Mg)₂((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂	Mon.
Chromceladonite	K(Mg,Fe²⁺)(Cr,Al)(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂	Mon.
Chromphyllite	K(Cr,Al)₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH,F)₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
Clintonite	Ca(Mg,Al)₃(Al₃SiO₁₀)(OH)₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
Eastonite	KMg₂Al(Al₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH)₂	Mon.
Ephesite	LiNaAl₂(Al₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH)₂	Tric.
Ferroaluminoceladonite	K(Fe²⁺,Mg)(Al,Fe³⁺)(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
Ferroceladonite	K(Fe²⁺,Mg)(Fe³⁺,Al)(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
Ferrokinoshitalite	(Ba,K)(Fe²⁺,Mg)₃(Al₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH,F)₂	Mon.
Fluorannite	KFe²⁺₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(F,OH)₂	Mon.
Fluorophlogopite	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(F,OH)₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
Ganterite	(Ba,Na,K)(Al,Mg)₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂	Mon.
Garmite	CsLiMg₂(Si₄O₁₀)F₂	Mon.
Glauconite	(K,Na)(Mg,Fe²⁺,Fe³⁺)(Fe³⁺,Al)(Si,Al)₄O₁₀(OH)₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
Gorbunovite	CsLi₂(Ti,Fe)Si₄O₁₀(F,OH,O)₂	Mon.
Hendricksite	K(Zn,Mg,Mn²⁺)₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
Illite	K_0.65Al_2.0[Al_0.65Si_3.35O₁₀](OH)₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
Kinoshitalite	(Ba,K)(Mg,Mn²⁺,Al)₃(Al₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH)₂	Mon.
Lepidolite	A Li-rich mica in, or close to, the so-called Polylithionite-Trilithionite series.	Mon.
Luanshiweiite	KLiAl_1.5□_0.5(Si_3.5Al_0.5)O₁₀(OH,F)₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
Manganiceladonite	KMgMn³⁺Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂	Mon.
Margarite	CaAl₂(Al₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH)₂	Mon.
Masutomilite	(K,Rb)(Li,Mn³⁺,Al)₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(F,OH)₂	Mon.
Montdorite	(K,Na)₂(Fe²⁺,Mn²⁺,Mg)₅(Si₄O₁₀)₂(OH,F)₄
Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
Nanpingite	CsAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH,F)₂	Mon.
Natro-glauconite	(Na,K)(Fe³⁺,Al,Mg)₂((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂
Norrishite	KLiMn³⁺₂(Si₄O₁₀)O₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
Oxykinoshitalite	(Ba,K)(Mg,Ti,Fe³⁺,Fe²⁺)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(O,OH,F)₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
Oxyphlogopite	K(Mg,Ti,Fe)₃[(Si,Al)₄O₁₀](O,F)₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
Paragonite	NaAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂	Mon.
Phengite	KAl_1.5(Mg,Fe)_0.5(Al_0.5Si_3.5O₁₀)(OH)₂
Phlogopite	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
Polylithionite	KLi₂Al(Si₄O₁₀)(F,OH)₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
Preiswerkite	NaMg₂Al(Al₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH)₂	Mon.
Roscoelite	K(V³⁺,Al)₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
Shirokshinite	KNaMg₂(Si₄O₁₀)F₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
Shirozulite	K(Mn²⁺,Mg)₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
Siderophyllite	KFe²⁺₂Al(Al₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH)₂	Mon.
Sokolovaite	CsLi₂Al(Si₄O₁₀)F₂	Mon.
Suhailite	(NH₄)Fe²⁺₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
Tainiolite	KLiMg₂(Si₄O₁₀)F₂	Mon.
Tetraferriannite	KFe²⁺₃((Fe³⁺,Al)Si₃O₁₀)(OH)₂	Mon.
Tetraferriphlogopite	KMg₃(Fe³⁺Si₃O₁₀)(OH,F)₂
Tobelite	(NH₄,K)Al₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂	Mon.
Trilithionite	K(Li_1.5Al_1.5)(AlSi₃O₁₀)(F,OH)₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
UM1988-22-SiO:AlCaFFeHKLiMg	KLiMgAl₂Si₃O₁₀F₂	Mon.
Voloshinite	Rb(LiAl_1.5□_1.5)(Al_0.5Si_3.5)O₁₀F₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
Wonesite	(Na,K)(Mg,Fe,Al)₆((Al,Si)₄O₁₀)₂(OH,F)₄	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
Yangzhumingite	KMg_2.5(Si₄O₁₀)F₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
Zinnwaldite	Mica Group.

Common AssociatesHide

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Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:

Quartz	97 photos of Biotite associated with Quartz on mindat.org.
Almandine	75 photos of Biotite associated with Almandine on mindat.org.
Corundum	53 photos of Biotite associated with Corundum on mindat.org.
Microcline	53 photos of Biotite associated with Microcline on mindat.org.
Calcite	50 photos of Biotite associated with Calcite on mindat.org.
Albite-Anorthite Series	31 photos of Biotite associated with Albite-Anorthite Series on mindat.org.
Feldspar Group	30 photos of Biotite associated with Feldspar Group on mindat.org.
Muscovite	30 photos of Biotite associated with Muscovite on mindat.org.
Zircon	29 photos of Biotite associated with Zircon on mindat.org.
Kyanite	28 photos of Biotite associated with Kyanite on mindat.org.

Other InformationHide

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Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Biotite in petrologyHide

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An essential component of rock names highlighted in red, an accessory component in rock names highlighted in green.

References for BiotiteHide

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Reference List:

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Parry, W.T. and Nackowski, M.P. (1963) Copper, lead, and zinc in biotites from Basin and Range quartz monzonites. Economic Geology: 58: 1126-1144.

Wones, D.R. and Eugster, H.P. (1965) Stability of biotite: experiment, theory and application. American Mineralogist: 50: 1228-1272.

Dodge, F.C.W., Smith, V.C., and May, R.E. (1969) Biotites from the granitic rocks of the central Sierra Nevada batholith. Journal of Petrology: 10: 250-271.

Lovering, T.G., Cooper, J.R., Drewes, H.D., and Cone, G.C. (1970) Copper in biotite from igneous rocks in southern Arizona as an ore indicator. USGS Professional Paper 700-B: 1-8.

Giardini, A.A., Hurst, V.J., Melton, C.E., John, C., and Stormer, J. (1974) Biotite as a primary inclusion in diamond: Its nature and significance. American Mineralogist: 59: 783-789.

Kesler, S.E., Issigonis, M.J., Brownlow, A.H., Damon, P.E., Moore, W.J., Northcote, K.E., and Preto, V.A. (1975) Geochemistry of biotites from mineralized and barren intrusive systems. Economic Geology: 70: 559-567.

Rehrig, W.A. and McKinney, C.N. (1976) The distribution and origin of anomalous copper in biotite. Mining Engineering: 27, 68 pp.

Tulloch, A. (1979) Secondary Ca-Al silicates as low-grade alteration products of granitoid biotite. Contributions to Mineralogy & Petrology: 69: 105-117.

Neiva, A. (1981) Geochemistry of hybrid granitoid rocks and of their biotites from Central Northern Portugal and their petrogenesis. Lithos: 14: 149-163.

Ohta, T., Takeda, H., and Takéuchi, Y. (1982) Mica polytypism: similarities in the crystal structures of coexisting 1M and 2M 1 oxybiotite. American Mineralogist: 67: 298-310.

Dymek, R.F. (1983) Titanium, aluminium and interlayer cation substitution in biotite from high-grade gneisses, West Greenland. American Mineralogist: 68: 880-899.

Banfield, J.F. and Eggleton, R.A. (1988) Transmission electron microscope study of biotite weathering. Clays and Clay Minerals: 36: 47-60.

Walmsley, J.C. and Lang, A.R. (1992) Oriented biotite inclusions in diamond coat. Mineralogical Magazine: 56: 108-111.

Abdel-Rahman, M.A. (1994) Nature of biotites from alkaline, calc-alkaline and peraluminous magmas. Journal of Petrology: 35: 525-541.

Nijland, T., Verschure, R. and Maijler, C. (1994) Catalytic effect of biotite: formation of hydrogarnet lenses. Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences (Paris): 318: 501-506.

Rieder, M., Cavazzani, G., D'Yakonov, Y.S., Frank-Kamenetskii, V.A., Gottardi, G., Guggenheim, S., Koval, P.V., Müller, G., Neiva, A.M.R., Radaslovich, E.W., Robert, J.-L., Sassi, F.P., Takeda, H., Weiss, Z., and Wones, D.R. (1998) Nomenclature of the micas. The Canadian Mineralogist: 36: 905-912. (http://www.minsocam.org/MSA/IMA/ima98(10%29.pdf)

Rieder, M., Cavazzani, G., D'Yakonov, Y.S., Frank-Kamenetskii, V.A., Gottardi, G., Guggenheim, S., Koval, P.V., Müller, G., Neiva, A.M.R., Radaslovich, E.W., Robert, J.-L., Sassi, F.P., Takeda, H., Weiss, Z., and Wones, D.R.(1999) Nomenclature of the Micas. Mineralogical Magazine: 63: 267-267.

Li, G., Peacor, D.R., and Essene, E.J. (1998) The formation of sulfides during alteration of biotite to chlorite-corrensite. Clays and Clay Minerals: 46: 649-657.

Ibhi, A. and Nachit, H (2000) The substitution mechanism of Ba and Ti into phyllosilicate phases: the example of barium-titanium biotite. Annals of Chim. Sci. Mat. 25, 627-634.

Parry, W.T., Wilson, P.N., Moser, D., and Heizler, M.T. (2001) U-Pb dating of zircon and 40Ar/39Ar dating of biotite at Bingham, Utah. Economic Geology: 96: 1671-1683.

Shabani, A. and Lalonde, E. (2003) Composition of biotite from granitic rocks of the Canadian Appalachian orogen: a potential tectonomagmatic indicator? Canadian Mineralogist: 41: 1381-1396.

Machev, P., Klain, L., and Hecht, L. (2004) Mineralogy and chemistry of biotites from the Belogradchik pluton - some petrological implications for granitoid magmatism in north-west Bulgaria. Bulgarian Geological Society conference paper, Annual Scientific Conference “Geology 2004”, pp. 48-50. (https://www.researchgate.net/publication/255591087_MINERALOGY_AND_CHEMISTRY_OF_BIOTITES_FROM_THE_BELOGRADCHIK_PLUTON_-_SOME_PETROLOGICAL_IMPLICATIONS_FOR_GRANITOID_MAGMATISM_IN_NORTH_WEST_BULGARIA)