Biotite
This page is currently not sponsored. Click here to sponsor this page.
Jean Baptiste Biot [April 21, 1774 Paris, France - February 3, 1862 Paris, France]
Member of:
Name:
Named in 1847 by Johann Friedrich Ludwig Hausmann in honour of the French physicist, mathematician, meteoriticist, astronomer, and mineralogist, Jean-Baptiste Biot [April 21, 1774, Paris, France - February 3, 1862, Paris, France], who studied the optical properties of the micas. Biot and his associate, Félix Savart, discovered that an electric current in a wire produced a magnetic field. Biot received many awards in his lifetime in recognition of the value of his scientific researches.
A series or subgroup of the Mica Group.
The CNMMN Subcommittee on Nomenclature of the Micas (1998, 1999) has recommended that the name biotite be used for a series between the joins Annite-Phlogopite and Siderophyllite-Eastonite, and is therefore no longer to be regarded as a species name. Fluorophlogopite and Fluorotetraferriphlogopite should be included. The name is most commonly used for the micas on the Fe-rich end of the series, including Annite, Fluorannite, Tetra-ferri-annite and Siderophyllite.
The name "biotite" is also used as a generic field term for any incompletely analysed dark mica.
The CNMMN Subcommittee on Nomenclature of the Micas (1998, 1999) has recommended that the name biotite be used for a series between the joins Annite-Phlogopite and Siderophyllite-Eastonite, and is therefore no longer to be regarded as a species name. Fluorophlogopite and Fluorotetraferriphlogopite should be included. The name is most commonly used for the micas on the Fe-rich end of the series, including Annite, Fluorannite, Tetra-ferri-annite and Siderophyllite.
The name "biotite" is also used as a generic field term for any incompletely analysed dark mica.
Classification of Biotite
Notes:
Redefined by the IMA
Pronounciation of Biotite
Pronounciation:
| Play | Recorded by | Country |
|---|---|---|
| Jolyon & Katya Ralph | United Kingdom |
Age information
Age range:
Paleoarchean to Quaternary : 3366 Ma to 1.34 ± 0.05 Ma - based on mindat.org data.
Crystallographic forms of Biotite
Crystal Atlas:
Image Loading
Click on an icon to view
Biotite no.7 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
3d models and HTML5 code kindly provided by
www.smorf.nl.
Toggle
Edge Lines | Miller Indicies | Axes
Transparency
Opaque | Translucent | Transparent
View
Along a-axis | Along b-axis | Along c-axis | Start rotation | Stop rotation
Toggle
Edge Lines | Miller Indicies | Axes
Transparency
Opaque | Translucent | Transparent
View
Along a-axis | Along b-axis | Along c-axis | Start rotation | Stop rotation
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Image Loading
Radiation - Copper Kα
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Synonyms of Biotite
Other Language Names for Biotite
Catalan:Biotita
Czech:Biotit
Dutch:Biotiet
Estonian:Biotiit
Finnish:Biotiitti
French:Biotite
Galician:Biotita
Hebrew:ביוטיט
Italian:Biotite
Japanese:黒雲母
Korean:흑운모
Lithuanian:Biotitas
Polish:Biotyt
Portuguese:Biotita
Romanian:Biotit
Russian:Биотит
Serbian (Cyrillic Script):Биотит
Simplified Chinese:黑云母
Slovak:Biotit
Turkish:Biyotit
Ukrainian:Біотит
Varieties of Biotite
| Anomite | Mica group. A variety of Biotite which has its optic axial plane perpendicular to (010). |
| Barian-Titanian Biotite | A barium- and titanium-bearing biotite mica. |
| Chrom-Biotit | A Cr-bearing variety of biotite. |
| Chromian Biotite | A Chromian Biotite |
| Eastonite (of Winchell) | A name for the Biotite end-member. |
| Heterophyllite | Designation for a uniaxial biotite from Mangualde, Portugal. |
| Manganophyllite | A Mn-rich variety of Biotite. Originally described from Harstigen Mine, Pajsberg, Filipstad, Värmland, Sweden. |
| Mg(T) Mica | An Aluminium-poor Biotite group mica. |
| Natronbiotite | A biotite with Na partially replacing K |
| Oxybiotite | An oxidized biotite (?). Name not mentioned in the mica report. |
| Rubellan | Oxidized and dehydrogenated Biotite. |
| Titanbiotite | Ti-bearing variety of biotite; occurs in volcanic rocks. |
| Titanian Biotite | Ti variety of Biotite |
Relationship of Biotite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
| Aluminoceladonite | K(Mg,Fe2+)Al(Si4O10)(OH)2 | Mon. |
| Anandite | (Ba,K)(Fe2+,Mg)3((Si,Al,Fe)4O10)(S,OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
| Annite | KFe2+3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| Aspidolite | NaMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| Balestraite | KLi2V5+Si4O12 | Mon. 2 : B2 |
| Bityite | LiCaAl2(AlBeSi2O10)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
| Boromuscovite | KAl2(BSi3O10)(OH)2 | Mon. |
| Brammallite | (Na,H3O)(Al,Mg,Fe)2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 | Mon. |
| Celadonite | K(Mg,Fe2+)Fe3+(Si4O10)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| Chernykhite | (Ba,Na)(V3+,Al,Mg)2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 | Mon. |
| Chromceladonite | K(Mg,Fe2+)(Cr,Al)(Si4O10)(OH)2 | Mon. |
| Chromphyllite | K(Cr,Al)2(AlSi3O10)(OH,F)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
| Clintonite | Ca(Mg,Al)3(Al3SiO10)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| Eastonite | KMg2Al(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2 | Mon. |
| Ephesite | LiNaAl2(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2 | Tric. |
| Ferroaluminoceladonite | K(Fe2+,Mg)(Al,Fe3+)(Si4O10)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| Ferroceladonite | K(Fe2+,Mg)(Fe3+,Al)(Si4O10)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| Ferrokinoshitalite | (Ba,K)(Fe2+,Mg)3(Al2Si2O10)(OH,F)2 | Mon. |
| Fluorannite | KFe2+3(AlSi3O10)(F,OH)2 | Mon. |
| Fluorophlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(F,OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| Ganterite | (Ba,Na,K)(Al,Mg)2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 | Mon. |
| Garmite | CsLiMg2(Si4O10)F2 | Mon. |
| Glauconite | (K,Na)(Mg,Fe2+,Fe3+)(Fe3+,Al)(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| Gorbunovite | CsLi2(Ti,Fe)Si4O10(F,OH,O)2 | Mon. |
| Hendricksite | K(Zn,Mg,Mn2+)3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| Illite | K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| Kinoshitalite | (Ba,K)(Mg,Mn2+,Al)3(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2 | Mon. |
| Lepidolite | A Li-rich mica in, or close to, the so-called Polylithionite-Trilithionite series. | Mon. |
| Luanshiweiite | KLiAl1.5□0.5(Si3.5Al0.5)O10(OH,F)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
| Manganiceladonite | KMgMn3+Si4O10(OH)2 | Mon. |
| Margarite | CaAl2(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2 | Mon. |
| Masutomilite | (K,Rb)(Li,Mn3+,Al)3(AlSi3O10)(F,OH)2 | Mon. |
| Montdorite | (K,Na)2(Fe2+,Mn2+,Mg)5(Si4O10)2(OH,F)4 | |
| Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
| Nanpingite | CsAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH,F)2 | Mon. |
| Natro-glauconite | (Na,K)(Fe3+,Al,Mg)2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 | |
| Norrishite | KLiMn3+2(Si4O10)O2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| Oxykinoshitalite | (Ba,K)(Mg,Ti,Fe3+,Fe2+)3((Si,Al)4O10)(O,OH,F)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| Oxyphlogopite | K(Mg,Ti,Fe)3[(Si,Al)4O10](O,F)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| Paragonite | NaAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 | Mon. |
| Phengite | KAl1.5(Mg,Fe)0.5(Al0.5Si3.5O10)(OH)2 | |
| Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| Polylithionite | KLi2Al(Si4O10)(F,OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
| Preiswerkite | NaMg2Al(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2 | Mon. |
| Roscoelite | K(V3+,Al)2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
| Shirokshinite | KNaMg2(Si4O10)F2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| Shirozulite | K(Mn2+,Mg)3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| Siderophyllite | KFe2+2Al(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2 | Mon. |
| Sokolovaite | CsLi2Al(Si4O10)F2 | Mon. |
| Suhailite | (NH4)Fe2+3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| Tainiolite | KLiMg2(Si4O10)F2 | Mon. |
| Tetraferriannite | KFe2+3((Fe3+,Al)Si3O10)(OH)2 | Mon. |
| Tetraferriphlogopite | KMg3(Fe3+Si3O10)(OH,F)2 | |
| Tobelite | (NH4,K)Al2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 | Mon. |
| Trilithionite | K(Li1.5Al1.5)(AlSi3O10)(F,OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
| UM1988-22-SiO:AlCaFFeHKLiMg | KLiMgAl2Si3O10F2 | Mon. |
| Voloshinite | Rb(LiAl1.5□1.5)(Al0.5Si3.5)O10F2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
| Wonesite | (Na,K)(Mg,Fe,Al)6((Al,Si)4O10)2(OH,F)4 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| Yangzhumingite | KMg2.5(Si4O10)F2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| Zinnwaldite | KLiFe2+Al(AlSi3O10)(F,OH)2 | Mon. |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| Quartz | 97 photos of Biotite associated with Quartz on mindat.org. |
| Almandine | 75 photos of Biotite associated with Almandine on mindat.org. |
| Corundum | 53 photos of Biotite associated with Corundum on mindat.org. |
| Microcline | 53 photos of Biotite associated with Microcline on mindat.org. |
| Calcite | 50 photos of Biotite associated with Calcite on mindat.org. |
| Albite-Anorthite Series | 31 photos of Biotite associated with Albite-Anorthite Series on mindat.org. |
| Feldspar Group | 30 photos of Biotite associated with Feldspar Group on mindat.org. |
| Muscovite | 30 photos of Biotite associated with Muscovite on mindat.org. |
| Zircon | 29 photos of Biotite associated with Zircon on mindat.org. |
| Kyanite | 28 photos of Biotite associated with Kyanite on mindat.org. |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Biotite in petrology
An essential component of (items highlighted in red)
Common component of (items highlighted in red)
Accessory component of (items highlighted in red)
References for Biotite
Reference List:
Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)
Parry, W.T., Nackowski, M.P. (1963) Copper, lead, and zinc in biotites from Basin and Range quartz monzonites. Economic Geology: 58: 1126-1144.
Dodge, F.C.W., Smith, V.C., May, R.E. (1969) Biotites from the granitic rocks of the central Sierra Nevada batholith. Journal of Petrology: 10: 250-271.
Lovering, T.G., Cooper, J.R., Drewes, H.D., Cone, G.C. (1970) Copper in biotite from igneous rocks in southern Arizona as an ore indicator. USGS Professional Paper 700-B: 1-8.
Giardini, A.A., Hurst, V.J., Melton, C.E., John, C., Stormer, J. (1974) Biotite as a primary inclusion in diamond: Its nature and significance. American Mineralogist: 59: 783-789.
Kesler, S.E., Issigonis, M.J., Brownlow, A.H., Damon, P.E., Moore, W.J., Northcote, K.E., Preto, V.A. (1975) Geochemistry of biotites from mineralized and barren intrusive systems. Economic Geology: 70: 559-567.
Rehrig, W.A., McKinney, C.N. (1976) The distribution and origin of anomalous copper in biotite. Mining Engineering: 27, 68 pp.
Ohta, T., Takeda, H., Takéuchi, Y. (1982) Mica polytypism: similarities in the crystal structures of coexisting 1M and 2M 1 oxybiotite. American Mineralogist: 67: 298-310.
Dymek, R.F. (1983) Titanium, aluminium and interlayer cation substitution in biotite from high-grade gneisses, West Greenland. American Mineralogist: 68: 880-899.
Banfield, J.F., Eggleton, R.A. (1988) Transmission electron microscope study of biotite weathering. Clays and Clay Minerals: 36: 47-60.
Walmsley, J.C., Lang, A.R. (1992) Oriented biotite inclusions in diamond coat. Mineralogical Magazine: 56: 108-111.
Rieder, M., Cavazzani, G., D'Yakonov, Y.S., Frank-Kamenetskii, V.A., Gottardi, G., Guggenheim, S., Koval, P.V., Müller, G., Neiva, A.M.R., Radaslovich, E.W., Robert, J.-L., Sassi, F.P., Takeda, H., Weiss, Z., Wones, D.R. (1998) Nomenclature of the micas. The Canadian Mineralogist: 36: 905-912.
Rieder, M., Cavazzani, G., D'Yakonov, Y.S., Frank-Kamenetskii, V.A., Gottardi, G., Guggenheim, S., Koval, P.V., Müller, G., Neiva, A.M.R., Radaslovich, E.W., Robert, J.-L., Sassi, F.P., Takeda, H., Weiss, Z., Wones, D.R.(1999) Nomenclature of the Micas. Mineralogical Magazine: 63: 267-267.
Li, G., Peacor, D.R., Essene, E.J. (1998) The formation of sulfides during alteration of biotite to chlorite-corrensite. Clays and Clay Minerals: 46: 649-657.
Ibhi, A., Nachit, H (2000) The substitution mechanism of Ba and Ti into phyllosilicate phases: the example of barium-titanium biotite. Annals of Chim. Sci. Mat. 25, 627-634.
Parry, W.T., Wilson, P.N., Moser, D., Heizler, M.T. (2001) U-Pb dating of zircon and 40Ar/39Ar dating of biotite at Bingham, Utah. Economic Geology: 96: 1671-1683.
Machev, P., Klain, L., Hecht, L. (2004) Mineralogy and chemistry of biotites from the Belogradchik pluton - some petrological implications for granitoid magmatism in north west Bulgaria. Bulgarian Geological Society conference paper, Annual Scientific Conference “Geology 2004”, pp. 48-50. (https://www.researchgate.net/publication/255591087_MINERALOGY_AND_CHEMISTRY_OF_BIOTITES_FROM_THE_BELOGRADCHIK_PLUTON_-_SOME_PETROLOGICAL_IMPLICATIONS_FOR_GRANITOID_MAGMATISM_IN_NORTH_WEST_BULGARIA)
Internet Links for Biotite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-677.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
Mineral Dealers:
Specimens:
The following Biotite specimens are currently listed for sale on minfind.com.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The
Monte Somma, Somma-Vesuvius Complex, Naples Province, Campania, Italy