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Bismite

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Bismite

Mesopotamia 504 Farm, Mesopotamia Copper Valley, Khorixas District, Kunene Region, Namibia
Bismite

El Cuadrón, Garganta de los Montes, Madrid, Spain
Bismite

El Cuadrón, Garganta de los Montes, Madrid, Spain
Bismite

Mesopotamia 504 Farm, Mesopotamia Copper Valley, Khorixas District, Kunene Region, Namibia
Bismite

El Cuadrón, Garganta de los Montes, Madrid, Spain
Bismite

El Cuadrón, Garganta de los Montes, Madrid, Spain
Bismite

Mesopotamia 504 Farm, Mesopotamia Copper Valley, Khorixas District, Kunene Region, Namibia
Bismite

El Cuadrón, Garganta de los Montes, Madrid, Spain
Formula:
Bi2O3
System:
Monoclinic
Colour:
Greyish green, greenish ...
Lustre:
Sub-Adamantine, Dull, Earthy
Hardness:
4½
Name:
For Bismuth in its composition.
A polymorph of Sphaerobismoite

NOTE: Numerous localities for bismuth oxides have been reported, but modern confirmation is required, as most have proven to be carbonates, etc.


Classification of Bismite

IMA status:
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
Strunz 8th ed.:
4/C.02-30
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) ed.:
4.CB.60

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
C : Metal: Oxygen = 2: 3,3: 5, and similar
B : With medium-sized cations
Dana 8th ed.:
4.3.10.2

4 : SIMPLE OXIDES
3 : A2X3
Hey's CIM Ref.:
7.13.12

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
13 : Oxides of As, Sb and Bi

Physical Properties of Bismite

Lustre:
Sub-Adamantine, Dull, Earthy
Diaphaneity (Transparency):
Opaque
Colour:
Greyish green, greenish yellow to bright yellow
Streak:
Grey to yellow
Hardness (Mohs):
4½
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
8.64 - 9.22 g/cm3 (Measured)    10.4 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of Bismite

Type:
Biaxial
RI values:
n = 2.42
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.000
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Very High
Dispersion:
High

Chemical Properties of Bismite

Formula:
Bi2O3
Elements listed in formula:
Bi, O - search for minerals with similar chemistry
Analytical Data:
Modern analyses of authenticated material are lacking.
Crystallography of Bismite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/b 
Cell Parameters:
a = 5.851 Å, b = 8.169 Å, c = 7.513 Å
β = 112.94°
Ratio:
a:b:c =  0.716 : 1 : 0.92
Unit Cell Volume:
V 330.70 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Crystals microscopic, rare; earthy to pulverulent, compact granular, massive.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
3.232 (10)
2.676 (9)
1.670 (8)
1.640 (8)
1.951 (7.5)
1.740 (7.5)
1.167 (7)
Comments:
Recorded on material from Colavi, Bolivia
Type Occurrence of Bismite
Type Locality:
Colavi Mine, Machacamarca District (Colavi District), Cornelio Saavedra Province, Potosí Department, Bolivia
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA (No. 97831)
Geological Setting of Type Material:
An oxidation product of bismuth
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
CassiteriteBismuth
Relationship of Bismite to other Species
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):
4.CB.05BrizziiteNaSbO3
4.CB.05CorundumAl2O3
4.CB.05EcandrewsiteZnTiO3
4.CB.05EskolaiteCr2O3
4.CB.05GeikieliteMgTiO3
4.CB.05HematiteFe2O3
4.CB.05IlmeniteFe2+Ti4+O3
4.CB.05KarelianiteV2O3
4.CB.05MelanostibiteMn2+(Sb5+,Fe3+)O3
4.CB.05PyrophaniteMn2+TiO3
4.CB.05AkimotoiteMgSiO3
4.CB.05AuroantimonateAuSbO3
4.CB.05UM1998-11-O-AuHSbAu2+Sb3+O2(OH)
4.CB.05TistariteTi2O3
4.CB.10AvicenniteTl2O3
4.CB.10BixbyiteMn23+O3
4.CB.15Armalcolite(Mg,Fe2+)Ti2O5
4.CB.15PseudobrookiteFe23+TiO5
4.CB.20Zincohögbomite-2N2S(Zn,Al,Fe)3(Al,Fe,Ti)8O15(OH)
4.CB.20Zincohögbomite-2N6S(Zn,Al)7(Al,Fe3+,Ti,Mg)16O31(OH)
4.CB.20Magnesiohögbomite-6N6S(Mg,Al,Fe)3(Al,Ti)8O15(OH)
4.CB.20Magnesiohögbomite-2N3S(Mg,Fe,Zn,Ti)4(Al,Fe)10O19(OH)
4.CB.20Magnesiohögbomite-2N2S(Al,Mg,Fe,Ti)22(O,OH)32
4.CB.20Ferrohögbomite-6N12S[(Fe2+,Mg,Zn)5(Al,Ti,Fe3+)12O23(OH)]6
4.CB.25PseudorutileFe23+Ti34+O9
4.CB.25KleberiteFeTi6O11(OH)5
4.CB.30BerdesinskiiteV23+TiO5
4.CB.30OxyvaniteV3O5
4.CB.35OlkhonskiteCr2Ti3O9
4.CB.35SchreyeriteV23+Ti34+O9
4.CB.40KamiokiteFe22+Mo34+O8
4.CB.40Nolanite(V3+,Fe3+,Fe2+,Ti)10O14(OH)2
4.CB.40RinmaniteMg2Fe4Zn2Sb2O14(OH)2
4.CB.40IseiteMn2Mo3O8
4.CB.40MajindeiteMg2Mo3O8
4.CB.45ClaudetiteAs2O3
4.CB.45StibioclaudetiteAsSbO3
4.CB.50ArsenoliteAs2O3
4.CB.50SenarmontiteSb2O3
4.CB.55ValentiniteSb2O3
4.CB.65SphaerobismoiteBi2O3
4.CB.70SilléniteBi12SiO20
4.CB.75KyzylkumiteTi2V3+O5(OH)
4.CB.80TietaiyangiteFe43+Fe2+TiO9
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:
7.13.1ArsenoliteAs2O3
7.13.2ClaudetiteAs2O3
7.13.3SenarmontiteSb2O3
7.13.4ValentiniteSb2O3
7.13.5CervantiteSb3+Sb5+O4
7.13.6Stibiconite(Sb,O,OH) ?
7.13.7BahianiteAl5Sb35+O14(OH)2
7.13.8Cualstibite-1M(Cu,Al)3(OH)6[Sb5+(OH)6]
7.13.9BismutostibiconiteBi(Sb5+,Fe3+)2O7
7.13.107.13.11StibivaniteSb23+V4+O5
7.13.13SilléniteBi12SiO20
Other Names for Bismite
Synonyms:
Bismuth oxydé
Bismuth trioxide
Wismuthokker
Name in Other Languages:
Dutch:Bismiet
Italian:Bismite
Russian:Бисмит
Simplified Chinese:铋华
Spanish:Bismita
Ukrainian:Бісміт
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Bismite in petrology
Common component of (items highlighted in red)


References for Bismite
Reference List:
Frondel, C. (1943) Mineralogy of the oxides and carbonates of bismuth. American Mineralogist 28, 521-535.



Palache, C., Berman, H. and Frondel, C. (1944) The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume I: Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. (New York), 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 599-601.



Corria Neves, J. M., Lopes Nunes, J. E., Sahama, T. G., Lehtinen, M. and von Knorring, O. (1974) Bismuth and antimony minerals in the graphite pegmatites of northern Mozambique. Rev. Cienc. Geol., Ser. A, 7, 1-37. - Chemical Abstracts (1975), 83, 190 (abstract).



Anthony, J. W. et al. (1997) Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. 3, 60.
Internet Links for Bismite
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    • Localities for Bismite
    

    

    This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the  symbol to view information about a locality. 
The  symbol next to localities in the list
can be used to jump to that position on the map.

    

    

    

    




 		

    (TL) indicates type locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) indicates first recorded locality for everything else.  ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    

    Argentina
     
    

    • Salta
    

      • La Poma department
    

        • Nevados de Palermo
    

          • El Quemado district
    
    		Márquez-Zavalía, M. F., Galliski, M. Á., Černý, P., & Chapman, R. (2012). An Assemblage Of Bismuth-Rich, Tellurium-Bearing Minerals In The El Quemado Granitic Pegmatite, Nevados De Palermo, Salta, Argentina. The Canadian Mineralogist, 50(6), 1489-1498.
    Australia
     
    

    • New South Wales
    

      • Blaxland Co.
    

        • Mount Allen
    
    		NSW Geological Survey - Nymagee Mineral Deposit Data Sheets DW Suppel and  LB Gilligan (1993)
    


      • Gough Co.
    

        • Elsmore
    
    		Rankin, J., Lawrence, L. J., Sharpe, J. L. and Williams, P. A. (2002): Rare secondary bismuth, tungsten and molybdenum minerals from Elsmore, New England district of New South Wales. Australian Journal of Mineralogy 8, 55-60. 
    



        • Kingsgate
    
    		Sharpe, J.L., & Williams P.A. (2004) - Secondary bismuth and molybdenum minerals from Kingsgate, New England district of New South Wales.- Australian Journal of Mineralogy, vol.10, n°1.
    


      • Robinson Co.
    

        • Cobar
    
    		Leverett, P., McKinnon, A. R., Sharpe, J. L. and Williams, P. A. (2005): Secondary minerals from the central Cobar mines. Australian Journal of Mineralogy, 11, 75-82. 
    


      • Westmoreland Co.
    

        • Oberon
    
    		D.I. Cendón, I.T. Graham, D.M Colchester, R.E. Pogson and D. Austen. (2005): Smoky quartz and associated minerals from Blue Hill quarry, Oberon, New South Wales. Australian Journal of Mineralogy 10, 47-52
    

    • Northern Territory
    

      • Barkly Region
    

        • Hatches Creek
    
    		Ryan, G.R. (1961), The Geology and Mineral Resources of the Hatches Creek Wolfram Field. Northern Territory, Department of National Development/Bureau of Mineral Resources Geology and Geophysics, Commonwealth of Australia, Bulletin No. 6, 1961
    




Ryan, G.R. (1961), The Geology and Mineral Resources of the Hatches Creek Wolfram Field. Northern Territory, Department of National Development/Bureau of Mineral Resources geology and Geophysics, Commonwealth Government, Bulletin No. 6, 1961
    

    • Queensland
    
    		E. Stevens & R. Bottrill
    



    



        • Degilbo
    
    		Qld Dept of Mines,- mines records ; Den, B. E. (1977) Lady Elliot Island Fraser Island. Field Conference  Geological Society of Australia Incorporated, Queensland Division
    

    • South Australia
    

      • Flinders Ranges
    

        • North Flinders Ranges
    

          • Arkaroola Region (Arkaroola Station)
    

            • Yudnamutana District
    
    		Noble R.J., Just J. and Johnson J. E., (1983), Catalogue of South Australian Minerals-1983, Government Printer, Adelaide, South Australia.
    


      • Mt Lofty Ranges
    

        • South Mt Lofty Ranges (Adelaide Hills)
    

          • Woodside
    
    		Brown, H.Y.L., (1899), Record of The Mines of South Australia , 3rd ed., Government Printer, Adelaide.
    

    • Tasmania
    

      • Burnie City
    

        • Hampshire district
    
    		Bottrill & Baker (in prep) Catalogue of minerals of Tasmania
    


      • Waratah-Wynyard municipality
    

        • Waratah district
    

          • Mt Ramsay
    
    		Bottrill & Baker (in prep) Catalogue of minerals of Tasmania
    

    • Victoria
    

      • East Gippsland Shire
    

        • Benambra
    

          • Morass Creek gorge
    

    

    • Western Australia
    

      • Coolgardie Shire
    

        • Nepean
    
    		Bridge, P. J. & Pryce, M. W. (1974): Clinobisvanite, monoclinic BiVO4, a new mineral from Yinnietharra, Western Australia. Mineralogical Magazine 39: 847-9
    


      • Cue Shire
    

        • Poona
    
    		Hodge, L.C.(1970): Russellite- a second occurrence, Mineralogical Magazine, 1970: 37: 705-707
    


      • Kalgoorlie-Boulder Shire
    

        • Ora Banda Goldfield
    
    		Simpson, E.S. (1948), Minerals of Western Australia, Vol 1, p237
    


      • Mount Magnet Shire
    

        • Mount Farmer Station
    
    		Calderwood, M.A.,  Grguric;, B.A., Jacobson,  M.I., (2007): Guidebook to the Pegmatites of Western Australia; Hesperian Press, Perth, 2007.
    Austria
     
    

    • Carinthia
    

      • Friesach - Hüttenberg area
    

        • Hüttenberg
    

          • Hüttenberger Erzberg
    

    


      • Gurktaler Alpen
    

        • Radenthein
    

          • Millstätter Alpe
    
    		G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
    


      • Hohe Tauern
    

        • Goldberg group
    

          • Zirknitz
    

            • Große Zirknitz valley
    
    		Indra
    





G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
    


      • Saualpe
    

        • Bad St Leonhard
    

          • Kliening
    
    		G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
    

    • Styria
    

      • Koralpe
    

        • Deutschlandsberg
    

          • St Oswald
    
    		Exel, R. (1993)
    Bolivia
     
    

    • La Paz Department
    

      • Los Andes Province
    

        • La Union
    
    		Federico Ahlfeld y Jorge Munoz Reyes (1955) Las Especies Minerales de Bolivia. (Banco Minero de Bolivia)
    


      • Murillo Province
    

        • Incachaca reservoir
    
    		Hatløy, S. (2013). From cold to hot: post-Hirnantian sedimentary basins in Bolivia-A source rock for hydrocarbon deposits in the Andes?–A case study of the Uncía and Catavi formations. MS Thesis University of Stavanger.
    

    • Potosí Department
    

      • Cornelio Saavedra Province
    

        • Machacamarca District (Colavi District)
    
    		Ahlfeld 1955
    


      • Nor Chichas Province
    

        • Atocha-Quechisla District
    
    		[MinRec 32:481]
    




Salomon Rivas y Federico Ahlfeld (1998) Los Minerales de Bolivia y sus Parajes. (Santa Cruz)
    


      • Rafael Bustillo Province (Bustillos Province)
    

        • Llallagua
    
    		Mineralogical Record: 32: 474.;Hyrsl, J. & A. Petrov (2006): Famous Mineral Localities: Llallagua, Bolivia. Mineralogical Record. 37: 117-162 
    Brazil
     
    

    • Goiás
    

      • Catalão I carbonatite complex
    

        • Ouvidor
    
    		Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., and Orris, G.J., 2009, Carbonatites of the world, explored deposits of Nb and REE; database and grade and tonnage models: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1139, 17 p. and database.
    

    • Minas Gerais
    

      • Coromandel district
    

        • Bagagem River valley
    
    		Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., and Orris, G.J., 2009, Carbonatites of the world, explored deposits of Nb and REE; database and grade and tonnage models: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1139, 17 p. and database.
    

    • Rio Grande do Norte
    

      • Borborema mineral province
    

        • Lajes
    

          • Bonfim farm
    
    		Neto, J.A.S., Legrand, J.M., Volfinger, M., Pascal, M.-L., and Sonnet, P. (2008): Mineralium Deposita 43, 185-205.
    Canada
     
    

    • Ontario
    

      • Renfrew Co.
    

        • Lyndoch Township
    
    		Trail,R.J. 1980, Catalogue of Canadian Minerals, GSC Paper 80-18

; Hugh S. Spence (1930) Pegmatite minerals of Ontario and Quebec. American Mineralogist  15:430-450
    

    • Québec
    

      • Abitibi-Témiscamingue
    

        • Abitibi RCM
    

          • La Motte
    
    		Canadian Museum of Nature specimens XRD confirmed
    China
     
    

    • Anhui Province
    

      • Tongling Prefecture
    

        • Shizishan ore field
    
    		Huan Hu, Rucheng Wang, Jianjun Lu, and Guanghua Liu (2001): Mineral Deposits 20(1), 86-98
    

    • Guangdong Province
    

      • Maoming Prefecture
    

        • Xinyi Co.
    
    		Chunlian Xiao (2008): Express Information of Mining Industry 6(6), 70-72
    

    • Guizhou Province
    

      • Qianxi'nan Autonomous Prefecture
    

        • Ceheng Co.
    
    		Zhiping Li, and S.G. Peters (1998): USGS Open-File Report 98-466.
    

    • Jiangxi Province
    

      • Ganzhou Prefecture
    

        • Anyuan Co.
    
    		Yingchen Ren, Minqing Cheng, and Cunchang Wang (1986): Mineral Deposits 5(2), 63-74
    

    • Qinghai Province
    

      • Haixi Autonomous Prefecture
    

        • Golmud Co. (Ge'ermu Co.)
    

          • Qimantage Mts
    
    		Xu Yong, and Zhu Xinyou (2000): Cobalt Deposits in the Central China Orogenic Belt. Acta Geologica Sinica 74(3), 540-543; Youchang Yi, Gejun Jiao, and Fenying Zhang (2006): Geology and Prospecting 42(3), 30-35
    

    • Tibet Autonomous Region
    

      • Nagchu Prefecture (Naqu Prefecture)
    

        • Xainza Co. (Shenzha Co.)
    
    		Liangsheng Ge, Hanguang Li, Keqiang Wang, Yilin Zou, Zhihua Wang, Xuejun Zhang, Shisong Yuan, and Junbing Xing (2006): Mineral Deposits 25(suppl.), 345-348; Zhihua Wang, Xingquan Wu, Keqiang Wang, Wanqiang Yu, Hui Huang, and Dexi Ma (2007): Geology and Prospecting 43(3), 6-10
    

    • Yunnan Province
    

      • Honghe Autonomous Prefecture
    

        • Gejiu Co.
    

          • Gejiu Sn-polymetallic ore field
    
    		Chen, J., Halls, C., and Stanley, C.J. (1992): Chinese Journal of Geochemistry 11(2), 140-155.
    Czech Republic
     
    

    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
    

      • Central Bohemia Region
    

        • Příbram District
    

          • Psí hory gold district
    

            • Mokrsko
    
    		Jiří Zachariáš, Petr Morávek, Petr Gadas, Jaroslava Pertoldová (2014): The Mokrsko-West gold deposit, Bohemian Massif, Czech Republic: Mineralogy, deposit setting and classification. Ore Geology Reviews 58, 238-263.
    


      • Hradec Králové Region
    

        • Krkonoše Mtn (Riesengebirge)
    

          • Špindlerův Mlýn (Spindlermühle)
    
    		Journal of Geosciences 54:15-56
    


      • Karlovy Vary Region
    
    		No reference listed
    




          • Krásno (Schönfeld)
    
    		Sejkora, J., Ondruš, P., Fikar, M., Veselovský, F., Mach, Z., Gabašová, A., Skoda, R. & Beran, P. (2006): Supergene minerals at the Huber stock and Schnöd stock deposits, Krásno ore District, the Slavkovský les area, Czech Republic. Journal of the Czech Geological Society 51, 57-101.
    



        • Krušné Hory Mts (Erzgebirge)
    

          • Jáchymov District (St Joachimsthal)
    
    		Lapis 2002(7/8), 63-65
    


      • Liberec Region
    

        • Harrachov (Harrachsdorf)
    
    		Pauliš P. Nejzajímavější mineralogická naleziště Čech. Kuttna 2000. Kutná Hora.
    


      • Ústí Region
    

        • Krušné Hory Mts (Erzgebirge)
    

          • Krupka (Graupen)
    

            • Steinknochen area (Lux vein)
    
    		Lapis 23(4), 18-34 (1998)
    Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre)
     
    

    • Kivu
    

    Finland
     
    

    • Lapland Region
    

      • Inari
    

        • Lemmenjoki
    

          • Miessijoki River
    
    		Tuisku, Pekka 2010. Heavy minerals from gold sluicing in Lapland Gold Rush area and their bearing on the origin of gold bearing tills. Res Terrae, Ser A, N:o 31. Proceedings of the Nordic Mineralogical Network V annual Meeting.
    France
     
    

    • Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
    

      • Allier
    

        • Ébreuil
    

          • Échassières
    
    		G. Aubert : "Les coupoles granitiques de Montebras et d'Echassières (Massif Central Français) et la genèse de leur minéralisations (BRGM, 1969)
    




G. Aubert : "Les coupoles granitiques de Montebras et d'Echassières (Massif Central Français) et la genèse de leur minéralisations (BRGM, 1969)
    


      • Haute-Loire
    

        • Lavoûte-Chilhac
    

    

    • Brittany
    

      • Côtes-d'Armor
    

        • Guingamp
    

          • Belle-Isle-en-Terre
    
    		P. Devismes : "Atlas photographique des minéraux d'alluvions", BRGM, 1978.
    

    • Grand Est
    

      • Haut-Rhin
    

        • Ste Marie-aux-Mines (Markirch)
    
    		Wittern, Journée: "Mineralien finden in den Vogesen", von Loga (Cologne), 1997; Wittern, Journée: "Mineralien finden in den Vogesen", von Loga (Cologne), 1997
    

    • Nouvelle-Aquitaine
    

      • Haute-Vienne
    

        • Saint-Yrieix-la-Perche
    
    		Patrice Queneau Collection
    

    • Occitanie
    

      • Tarn
    

        • Castelnau-de-Brassac
    

          • Fumade
    
    		GAYRAUD, L. (2010): Gisement de phosphates de Castelnau-de-Brassac aux environs de Fumade (Tarn), Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, 107, 12-17.
    Germany
     
    

    • Baden-Württemberg
    

      • Black Forest
    

        • Nordrach
    
    		No reference listed
    



        • Pforzheim
    

          • Würm
    
    		Lapis, 18 (2), 13-24
    



        • Schenkenzell
    

          • Wittichen
    

            • Böckelsbach valley
    
    		Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992
    





            • Burgfelsen
    
    		No reference listed
    





            • Heubach Valley
    
    		No reference listed
    




K. Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992
    



        • Schiltach
    

          • Stammelbach valley
    
    		[Lapis 1992, 11, p.13-20]
    



        • Schramberg
    

          • Falkenstein valley
    
    		No reference listed
    

    • Bavaria
    

      • Lower Bavaria
    

        • Röhrnbach
    
    		Habel, M. (2009): Der Granodioritbruch der Fa. Josef Uhrmann OHG, Steinerleinbach bei Röhrnbach. Mineralien-Welt 20 (2), 66-86.
    



        • Waldkirchen
    

          • Oberfrauenwald
    
    		Habel, M. (1995). Neufunde aus dem 'Östlichen Bayrischen Wald'. Mineralien-Welt, Jg.6, Nr.1, S.44-46.
    


      • Upper Palatinate
    

        • Pleystein
    
    		Dill, H.G., Weber, B. (2009), Pleystein-City on Pegmatite, 4th International Symposium on Granitic Pegmatites, Recife, Brazil.
    



        • Waidhaus
    

          • Hagendorf
    
    		http://www.berthold-weber.de/h_miner.htm
    

    • Hesse
    

      • Odenwald
    

        • Abtsteinach
    

          • Mackenheim
    
    		S. Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    



        • Heppenheim
    

          • Sonderbach
    

            • Kohlplatte
    
    		S. Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    

    • North Rhine-Westphalia
    

      • Siegerland
    

        • Wilnsdorf
    

          • Wilden
    
    		Magma 1984(2), 43-49
    

    • Rhineland-Palatinate
    

      • Palatinate
    

        • Otterbach
    
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    


      • Siegerland
    

        • Betzdorf
    

          • Schutzbach
    
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    

    • Saxony-Anhalt
    

      • Harz
    

        • Wernigerode
    

          • Hasserode
    
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    

    • Saxony
    

      • Erzgebirge
    

        • Altenberg
    
    		Mineralien-Welt, (2), 17-39.
    



        • Johanngeorgenstadt District
    
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    



        • Marienberg District
    

          • Lauta
    
    		Hajek, W. (2010): Kristallwelten Marienberg. Weise Verlag, München.
    



        • Schneeberg District
    

          • Wolfgang Maaßen Mine field
    
    		Lapis 30(7/8):41-70 (2005)
    


      • Limbach-Oberfrohna
    
    		http://www.mineralienatlas.de/lexikon/index.php/Deutschland/Sachsen/Chemnitz%2C%20Direktionsbezirk/Zwickau%2C%20Landkreis/Wolkenburger%20Bergbaurevier
    

    • Thuringia
    

      • Bad Lobenstein
    
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    


      • Vogtland
    

        • Hirschberg
    

          • Ullersreuth
    
    		T. Witzke et al.: Lapis 2001(12), 13-27
    Greece
     
    

    • Attikí Prefecture (Attica; Attika)
    

      • Lavrion District (Laurion; Laurium)
    

        • Lavrion District Mines
    
    		Voudouris, P., Melfos, V, Spry, P.G., Bonsall, T.A., Tarkian, M. & Solomon, Ch. (2008): Carbonate-replacement Pb-Zn-Ag+/-Au mineralization in the Kamariza area, Lavrion, Greece: Mineralogy and thermochemical conditions of formation. Mineralogy & Petrology 94, 85-106.
    





            • Kamariza Mines (Kamareza Mines)
    

              • Hilarion area
    
    		Solomos, C., Voudouris, P. & Katerinopoulos, A. (2004): Mineralogical studies of bismuth-gold-antimony mineralization at the area of Kamariza, Lavrion. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 34, Proceedings of the 10th International Congress, Thessaloniki, Greece, 387-396 (in Greek with English abstract).
    





Schnorrer, G. & Breitenbach, H. (1999): Neue Minerale von den alten Lagerstätten Lavrions/Griechenland. Aufschluss 50, 207-209. [bismite and bismuth describe therein are from the Jean Baptiste mine - Branko Rieck pers. comm. to Uwe Kolitsch 2012]
    India
     
    

    • Rajasthan (Rajputana)
    

      • Udaipur Division
    

        • Udaipur District
    

          • Udaipur
    
    		Viladkar, S. G. Graphite-bearing dolomite carbonatites in Newania, Western India.
    Iran
     
    

    • Markazi Province
    

      • Astaneh
    
    		Nezafatis, N. (2006): Au-Sn-W-Cu Mineralization in the Astaneh-Sarband Area, West Central Iran. PhD thesis, University of Tübingen (Germany), 116 pp.
    Italy
     
    

    • Lombardy
    

      • Brescia Province
    

        • Camonica Valley
    

          • Pisogne
    

            • Fraine
    

              • Palotto Valley (Palot Valley)
    
    		AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work. 
    


      • Sondrio Province
    

        • Valchiavenna
    

          • Novate Mezzola
    

            • Codera Valley
    
    		Ghizzoni, S. & Mazzoleni, G. (2005): Itinerari mineralogici in val Codera. Geologia Insubrica, Ed., Milano, 316 pp.
    





Ghizzoni, S. & Mazzoleni, G. (2005): Itinerari mineralogici in val Codera. Geologia Insubrica, Ed., Milano, 316 pp.
    





Ghizzoni, S. & Mazzoleni, G. (2005): Itinerari mineralogici in val Codera. Geologia Insubrica, Ed., Milano, 316 pp.
    





Ghizzoni, S. & Mazzoleni, G. (2005): Itinerari mineralogici in val Codera. Geologia Insubrica, Ed., Milano, 316 pp.
    





Ghizzoni, S. & Mazzoleni, G. (2005): Itinerari mineralogici in val Codera. Geologia Insubrica, Ed., Milano, 316 pp.
    

    • Piedmont
    

      • Cuneo Province
    

        • Bagnolo Piemonte
    
    		Ambrino, P., Brizio, P., Ciriotti, M.E., Finello, G., Marello, B. (2009). Minerali della pietra di Luserna. AMI. CD-ROM (in italian and in english)
    


      • Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province
    

        • Ossola Valley
    

          • Vigezzo Valley
    

            • Toceno
    

              • Val di Crana
    
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
    

    • Sardinia
    

      • Cagliari Province
    

        • Sarroch
    
    		- Orlandi, P., Gelosa, M., Bonacina, E., Caboni, F., Mamberti, M., Tanca, G., A. et Vinci, A. (2013) : Sardignaite, gelosaite et tancaite-(Ce) : trois nouveaux minéraux de Su Seinargiu, Sarroch, Sardaigne, Italie. Le Règne Minéral, 112, 39-52.; Orlandi P., Gelosa M., Bonacina E., Caboni F., Mamberti M., Tanca G.A., Vinci A. (2015): Sette nuove specie mineralogiche della Sardegna. I minerali della mineralizzazione a molibdeno e bismuto di Su Seinargiu (CA). Riv. Mineral. Ital., 39, 2, 84-115.
    


      • Carbonia-Iglesias Province
    

        • Fluminimaggiore
    

          • Oridda Valley
    
    		AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work. 
    

    • Trentino-Alto Adige (Trentino-Südtirol)
    

      • Trento Province
    

        • Valsugana
    

          • Roncegno
    
    		-Bortolozzi G., Blass G., Boscardin M., Rocchetti I. and Ferretti P. (2013): La Miniera di Cinquevalli (Valsugana, Trentino-Alto Adige): aggiornamento sulle specie accertate negli ultimi anni. Studi Trent. Sci. Nat., 93, pagg. 149-165.
    Japan
     
    

    • Honshu Island
    

      • Chubu Region
    

        • Gifu Prefecture
    

          • Nakatsugawa City
    

            • Hirukawa
    
    		Anthony, J. W. et al. (1997): Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. 3, 60; 浜地忠男, & 谷正巳. (1961). 岐阜県苗木地方ウラン調査報告. 纐纈山および西大洞地区の砂鉱. 地調月報, 11, 34-40.
    



        • Niigata Prefecture
    

          • Aga-machi (Higashi-Kanbara-gun)
    

            • Mikawa-mura
    
    		Ryoichi SADANAGA and Michiaki BUNNO (1974) THE WAKABAYASHI MINERAL COLLECTION Bulletin No. 7 The University Museum, The University of Tokyo
    


      • Tohoku Region
    

        • Iwate Prefecture
    

          • Ohshuu City
    

            • Esashi ward
    

              • Akagane mine
    
    		Harada, S., Suzuki, Y., Miyawaki, R., Momma, K., Shigeoka, M., Matsubara, S. (2017) Bi-bearing minerals at the Jishakuyama ore deposit of the Akagane mine, Iwate Prefecture, Japan.
    

    • Kyushu Region
    

      • Nansei Archipelago
    

        • Kagoshima Prefecture
    

          • Yakushima-cho
    

            • Yakushima Island
    
    		Hori Mineralogy, Tokyo
    Kazakhstan
     
    

    • Karagandy Province (Qaragandy Oblysy; Karaganda Oblast')
    

      • Balkhash Region (Balqash; Karatas; Prebalkhashie)
    

        • Balkhash (Balqash)
    

          • Kounrad Massif
    
    		Chen Xuanhua, Qu Wenjun, Han Shuqin, Seitmuratova, E., Yang Nong, Chen Zhengle, Zeng Fagang, Du Andao, and Wang Zhihong (2010): Geoscience Frontiers 1(1), 115-124
    Madagascar
     
    

    • Antananarivo Province
    

      • Vakinankaratra Region
    

        • Betafo District
    

          • Ambohimanambola Commune
    
    		Behier, J. (1960): Contribution á la Minéralogie de Madagascar. Annales Géologiques de Madagascar XXIX, Tananarive, p 21
    




          • Mahaiza Commune
    
    		Behier, J. (1957): Mineraux nouvellement trouves dans les pegmatites de Madagascar. in Commision de Coopération Technique en Afrique au Sud du sahara (C.C.T.A.). Geologie. Comités regionaux Centre, Est et Sud. Conférence de Tananarive Avril 1957. I, 135-138
    




          • Tritriva Commune
    
    		Ranorosoa, N. (1986): Etude mineralogique des pegmatites du champ de la Sahatany, Madagascar. These de Doctorat de l`Universite Paul Sabatier, Toulouse. 
    



        • Faratsiho District
    
    		Behier, J. (1960): Travaux mineralogiques. In Rapport Annuel du Service Geologique pour 1960. Republique Madagascar, Tananarive. 181-199 
    

    • Fianarantsoa Province
    

      • Amoron'i Mania Region
    

        • Ampandramaika-Malakialina Pegmatite Field
    

          • Ambatofinandrahana District
    
    		Besairie, H. (1966): Les Gites Minéraux de Madagascar. Annales Géologiques de Madagascar, Tananarive, 34, p. 62
    



        • Fandriana District
    
    		Michel Arliguie collection
    


      • Matsiatra Region
    
    		- Behier, J. (1963): Carte mineralogique de Madagascar. Archive Service Géologique Madagascar. A 1871
    


Behier, J. (1960): Contribution á la mineralogie de Madagascar. Annales Géologiques de Madagascar XXIX, Tananarive. p.21
    

    • Mahajanga Province (Majunga)
    

      • Betsiboka Region
    

        • Tsaratanàna District
    

          • Tsaratanàna Pegmatite Field
    
    		Behier, J. (1959): Travaux mineralogiques. Rapport Annuel du Service géologique pour 1959. Republique Malgache. pp 237-250 [p. 241]
    Mexico
     
    

    • Durango
    

      • Mun. del Oro
    

        • Santa María del Oro (El Oro)
    
    		Panczner(1987):114,116.
    Myanmar
     
    

    • Mandalay Region (Mandalay Division)
    

      • Pyin-Oo-Lwin District
    
    		Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data, Sieghard Ellenberger specimens
    Namibia
     
    

    • Erongo Region
    

      • Karibib District
    

        • Okatjimukuju Farm 55 (Friedrichsfelde Farm)
    
    		P. Keller and O. von Knorring, Eur. J. Mineral. , 1989, 1, pp. 567-593.
    



        • Okongava Ost Farm 72
    

    


      • Omaruru District
    

        • Omaruru
    
    		Jahn, S. & Bast, R. (2006): Der Krantzberg bei Omaruru, Namibia, und die Mineralvorkommen in seiner Umgebung. Mineralien-Welt 17 (3), 32-48.; - Bezing, L. von, Bode, R. & Jahn, S. (2007): Namibia. Minerals and Localities. Edition Schloss Freudenstein, Bode Verlag, Haltern (in English)
    

    • Karas Region
    

      • Karasburg District
    
    		Bezing, L. von, Bode, R. & Jahn, S. (2008): Namibia Minerals and Localities. Edition Schloss Freudenstein, Bode Verlag GmbH, Haltern, 383 pp. (in English)
    

    • Kunene Region
    

      • Khorixas District
    

        • Mesopotamia Copper Valley
    
    		Dunning, G.E. & Cooper. J.F. (1998): Namibite, a summary of world occurrences. Mineralogical Record. 29: 163-166
    Norway
     
    

    • Aust-Agder
    

      • Evje og Hornnes
    

        • Vardeheia
    
    		Frigstad, O.F. (1968): En undersøkelse av cleavelandittsonerte pegmatittganger i Iveland-Evje, Nedre Setesdal. Hovedfagsoppgave (Thesis), University of Oslo,  p. 147; Neumann (1985) : Norges mineraler. Norges geologiske undersøkelse Skrifter 68, p. 59
    


      • Iveland
    

        • Birkeland
    
    		Frigstad, O.F. (1968): En undersøkelse av cleavelandittsonerte pegmatittganger i Iveland-Evje, Nedre Setesdal. Hovedfagsoppgave (Thesis), University of Oslo,  p. 147; Neumann (1985) : Norges mineraler. Norges geologiske undersøkelse Skrifter 68, p. 59
    



Frigstad, O.F. (1968): Den förste norske forekomst av mineralet bismit. in Geologisk Museum. Interne notater 1961-1990. Published by Geologisk Museums Venner, Oslo 1991, p 18.
    



        • Frikstad
    
    		Revheim, O. (2007): Slobrekka, Iveland. [Del 2]. STEIN 34 (1), 3-5
    

    • Buskerud
    

      • Øvre Eiker
    

        • Gunhildrud
    
    		Knut Eldjarn collection
    

    • Østfold
    

      • Halden
    

        • Idd
    

          • Aspedammen
    
    		Kristiansen, R. (2014): Nye mineralfunn fra Herrebøkasa, Aspedammen, Østfold. Stein- 41 (3),30-33
    Pacific Ocean
     
    

    • East Pacific Rise
    

      • Juan de Fuca Ridge complex
    

        • Southern Gorda Ridge
    
    		Eos Trans. AGU, 81 (48), Fall Meet. Suppl., 2000
    Poland
     
    

    • Lower Silesia (Dolnośląskie)
    

      • Dzierżoniów District
    

        • Piława Górna (Ober Peilau; Gnadenfrei)
    
    		Szełęg E., Szuszkiewicz A., Pieczka A., Nejbert K., Turniak K., Łodziński M., Ilnicki S., Banach M., Michałowski P. & Różniak R. 2010: Geology of the Julianna pegmatite vein system from the Piława Górna quarry (Dolnośląskie Surowce Skalne S.A.), Sowie Mts Block, SW Poland. Mineralogia - Special Papers, vo.l. 37, 111
    


      • Rudawy Janowickie Mts
    

        • Czarnów
    

          • Rędziny
    
    		Domańska, J.: Rędziny. Otoczak, nr. 29, p. 38-52. 
    Romania
     
    

    • Bihor Co.
    

      • Nucet
    
    		www.minerals-of-the carpathians.eu (2009)
    Russia
     
    

    • Northern Region
    

      • Karelia Republic
    

        • Ladoga Region
    
    			 Ivashchenko, V. I., Valkama, M., Sundblad, K., Golubev, A. I., & Alekseev, V. Y. (2011, September). New data on mineralogy and metallogeny of scarns in the Pitkyaranta ore region. In Doklady Earth Sciences (Vol. 440, No. 1, pp. 1307-1311). SP MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica
    


      • Murmanskaja Oblast'
    

        • Kola Peninsula
    

          • Keivy Mountains
    

            • Western Keivy Massif
    
    		Voloshin A.V., Pakhomovskii Ya.A. [Волошин А. В., Пахомовский Я. А.] (1986): Minerals and evolution of mineral formation in amazonite pegmatites of the Kola Peninsula [Минералы и эволюция минералообразования в амазонитовых пегматитах Кольского полуострова]. Nauka, Leningrad, 168 pp. (in Russian).
    

    • Urals Region
    

      • Middle Urals
    

        • Sverdlovskaya Oblast'
    

          • Ekaterinburg (Sverdlovsk)
    

            • Berezovskii (Berezovskii Zavod)
    

              • Berezovskoe Au Deposit (Berezovsk Mines)
    

                • Uspenskaya Mt
    
    		Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data (2012)
    

    • Western-Siberian Region
    

      • Altai Republic (Gorno-Altayskaya Autonomous Oblast')
    
    		Potseluev, A.A., Babkin, D.I., and Kotegov, V.I. (2006): Geology of Ore Deposits 48(5), 384-401.
    Slovakia
     
    

    • Banská Bystrica Region
    

      • Rimavská Sobota Co.
    
    		Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p
    

    • Bratislava Region
    

      • Bratislava Co.
    

        • Bratislava
    

          • Dúbravka
    
    		Števko M., Uher P., Ozdín D. (2012) Bizmut a jeho alteračné produkty: akcesorické minerály granitového pegmatitu berylového typu na lokalite Bratislava-Švábsky vrch (Malé Karpaty, Slovensko). Bull. mineral.-petrolog. Odd. Nár. Muz. (Praha), 20, 2, 226-229 (in Slovak with English abstract)
    

    • Košice Region
    

      • Rožňava Co.
    
    		Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p
    South Africa
     
    

    • Limpopo Province
    

      • Sekhukhune District
    

        • Marble Hall
    
    		Minerals of South Africa
    Spain
     
    

    • Andalusia
    

      • Granada
    

        • Baza
    
    		-Mata Perelló, J.M. (1991)"Itinerari Mineralógic per Andalucia Oriental", Mineralogistes de Catalunya Vol.nº2, pag.63-64
    


M. Ruiz Montes, notes IGME 1973.; M. Ruiz Montes (1973), Instituto Geominero de España (IGME) notes.
    


      • Málaga
    

        • Estepona
    
    		Romero Silva,JC; Martos J; Navarro Garcia,JM (2012). La Mina Conchita de Estepona (Malaga). un raro yacimiento de metales complejos en Sierra Bermeja. Edita Anuario de Estudios sobre Ronda y la Serrania Takurunna nº2; año 2012 pag.9.
    

    • Extremadura
    

      • Badajoz
    

        • Valle de la Serena
    
    		Calvo, M. (2009). Minerales y Minas de España. Vol. IV, Óxidos e Hidróxidos. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Minas de Madrid - Fundación Gómez Pardo. 752 pp.
    

    • Madrid
    

      • Garganta de los Montes
    

        • El Cuadrón
    
    		Ref: Jiménez R., Jordá L., Jordá R., Prado P. (2004) - Madrid: la minería metálica desde 1417 hasta nuestros días. Bocamina, n°14
    

Tanago, J. G., Lozano, P. L., Larios, A. , La Iglesia, A. (2012) Stokesite crystals from La Cabrera, Madrid, Spain. Mineralogical Record 43:499-508
    

- González del Tánago, J. and González del Tánago, J. (2002): Minerales y Minas de Madrid
    Sweden
     
    

    • Västmanland
    

      • Lindesberg
    

    



No reference listed
    




    


      • Nora
    

        • Striberg ore field
    
    		Kjell Gatedal
    Switzerland
     
    

    • Wallis (Valais)
    

      • Turtmann Valley
    

        • Pipjitälli
    
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Verlag Wepf & Co. (Basel), p. 79; Ansermet, S. (2012): Mines et minéraux du Valais - II. Anniviers et Tourtemagne. With contributions by N. Meisser, Ed. Porte-plumes (Ayer)
    Uganda
     
    

    • Eastern Region
    

      • Mbale District
    
    		von Knorring, O. (1972): The occurrence of bismuth minerals in some African pegmatites. Annu. Rep. Res. Inst. African Geol., Univ. Leeds: 16: 53-55; in: Fleischer, M. (1974): New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 59: 1139-1141
    UK
     
    

    • England
    

      • Cornwall
    

        • St Agnes District
    

          • St Agnes
    

            • West Wheal Kitty group
    
    		Collins, J.H. (1892): "A Handbook to the Mineralogy of Cornwall and Devon", 2nd ed., D. Bradford Barton Ltd. (Truro, UK), pp. 108.
    




Collins, J.H. (1892): A Handbook to the Mineralogy of Cornwall and Devon, 2nd ed., D. Bradford Barton Ltd. (Truro, UK), 108 pp.
    



        • St Austell District
    

          • Roche
    

            • Carbis
    
    		Collins, J.H. (1871): A Handbook to the Mineralogy of Cornwall and Devon. D. Bradford Barton Ltd. (Truro, UK), 108 pp.
    



        • St Erth - Gwithian Area
    

          • Gwinear-Gwithian
    

            • Gwinear
    

              • Rosewarne and Herland United Mines (Rosewarne and Herland Mine; incl. Wheal Fancy; Wheal Pleasure)
    
    		Collins, J.H. (1892): "A Handbook to the Mineralogy of Cornwall and Devon", 2nd ed., D. Bradford Barton Ltd. (Truro, UK), pp. 108.
    



        • St Just District
    

          • St Just
    

            • Trewellard
    
    		Collins, J.H. (1892): "A Handbook to the Mineralogy of Cornwall and Devon", 2nd ed., D. Bradford Barton Ltd. (Truro, UK), pp. 108.
    


      • Cumbria
    

        • Caldbeck Fells
    

          • Carrock Fell
    
    		BMS Database
    





No reference listed
    


      • Devon
    

        • Tavistock District
    

          • Peter Tavy
    

            • Devon United Mines
    
    		UKJMM Vol.25 p.19; UKJMM Vol.29 p.49-52
    USA
     
    

    • Alaska
    

      • Dillingham Borough
    

        • Bristol Bay District
    
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1225.
    

    • Arizona
    

      • Cochise Co.
    

        • Mule Mts
    

          • Warren District
    
    		[MinRec 24:421]
    





Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 138; Graeme, R. (1993), Bisbee revisited, Min.Rec.: 24: 421-436.
    


      • Graham Co.
    

        • Bowie area
    
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 139.
    


      • La Paz Co.
    

        • Granite Wash Mts
    

          • Ellsworth District
    
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 139.
    





            • Vicksburg
    
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 138; Galbraith, F.W. & Brennan (1959), Minerals of Arizona: 33.
    


      • Mohave Co.
    
    		Meeves, H., et al (1966), Reconnaissance of beryllium-bearing pegmatite deposits in six western states, US Bur. Mines Info. Circ. 8298: 20 (Table A-1). 
    



        • Aquarius Mts (Aquarius Range; Peacock Range)
    
    		Meeves, H., et al (1966), Reconnaissance of beryllium-bearing pegmatite deposits in six western states, US Bur. Mines Info. Circ. 8298: 21 (Table A-1).
    


      • Yavapai Co.
    

        • Bradshaw Mts (Bradshaw Range)
    

          • Castle Creek District
    

            • Copperopolis
    

              • Buzzard's Roost
    
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 138, 139; Lindgren, W. (1926), USGS Bull. 782: 28, 184-185; Galbraith, F.W. (1947), Minerals of Arizona, AZ Bur. Mines Bull. 153: 22; Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 33, 44.
    



        • Eureka District
    

          • Bagdad
    
    		Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 33.
    

    • California
    

      • Plumas Co.
    

        • Diamond Mts
    

          • Last Chance District
    

            • Adams Peak
    
    		Mineralogical Record (1998): 29: 165.
    





Dunning, G.E., Cooper, J.F. (2005) Mineralogy of the Spring Creek area, Last Chance mining district, Plumas County, California. Axis: 1: 1-30.
    


      • San Bernardino Co.
    

        • Silver Lake District
    

          • Soda Mts
    
    		Anthony, J. W. et al. (1997): Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. 3, 60
    


      • San Diego Co.
    

        • Pala District
    

          • Pala
    
    		Jahns, Richard Henry & Wright, Lauren A. (1951), Gem and lithium-bearing pegmatites of the Pala district, San Diego County, California. California Division of Mines Special Report 7-A: p. 31.
    





Jahns, R. H. and Wright, L. A. (1951), Gem and Lithium-bearing pegmatites of the Pala District, San Diego County, California. California Division of Mines special report 7A: 40; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 186.
    





Jahns, R.H. and Wright, L.A. (1951), Gem and Lithium-bearing pegmatites of the Pala District, San Diego County, California. California Division of Mines special report 7A: 38; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 186.
    



        • Ramona District
    

          • Ramona
    
    		Foord, Eugene E. et al (1989), Mineralogy and Paragenesis of the Little Three Mine Pegmatites, Ramona District, San Diego County, California. Mineralogical Record, 20(2): p. 121; Mineralogical Magazine (1996), 60: 387-388.
    



        • Rincon District
    

          • Rincon
    

            • Rincon Mountain
    
    		Anthony, J. W. et al. (1997): Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. 3, 60
    

    • Colorado
    
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    


      • Park Co.
    

        • Geneva District
    
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    



        • Montezuma District
    

          • Hall Valley (Hall's Valley)
    
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    



Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    


      • Summit Co.
    
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    

    • Connecticut
    

      • Fairfield Co.
    

        • Monroe
    
    		Januzzi, 1976. Mineral Localities of CT and Southeastern NY State
    



Januzzi, 1976. Mineral Localities of CT and Southeastern NY State, p.273
    


      • Middlesex Co.
    

        • East Hampton (Chatham)
    
    		Eric Quinter collection
    



        • Portland
    
    		Schooner, Richard. (1958), The Mineralogy of the Portland-East Hampton-Middletown-Haddam Area in Connecticut (With a few notes on Glastonbury and Marlborough). Published by Richard Schooner; Ralph Lieser of Pappy’s Beryl Shop, East Hampton; and Howard Pate of Fluorescent House, Branford, Connecticut.; Huff, R. C., R. G. Huff, J. Vajdak. (1996), An Occurrence of Bismutoferrite in Portland, Connecticut. Rocks & Minerals: 71(3): 197.; Rocks & Minerals (1955) 30:351-358
    




          • Collins Hill
    

            • Strickland pegmatite (Strickland-Cramer Quarry; Strickland-Cramer Mine; Strickland-Cramer Feldspar-Mica Quarries)
    
    		Schooner, Richard. (1955): 90 Minerals from 1 Connecticut Hill. Rocks & Minerals: 30(7-8): 351-8.
    

    • Nevada
    

      • Esmeralda Co.
    

        • Goldfield District
    
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    



NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    



NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    



        • Sylvania District
    
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    


      • Eureka Co.
    

        • Lynn District
    
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    


      • Mineral Co.
    
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    


NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    


      • Nye Co.
    

        • Toquima Range
    

          • Round Mountain District
    

            • Mariposa Canyon
    

    





            • Outlaw Mine
    
    		Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 26, pp. 355-376(1988)
    

    • New Mexico
    

      • Grant Co.
    
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    



        • White Signal District
    
    		NMBMMR Bull 83 Mineral Deposits of Western Grant County, New Mexico
    


      • Sierra Co.
    
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    


      • Taos Co.
    

        • Picuris District
    
    		Jahns, R. H. and Ewing, R. C. (1977): The Harding mine, Taos County, New Mexico. Mineralogical Record, 8 (2): 115-126.
    

    • North Carolina
    

      • Gaston Co.
    
    		Dana 6:1076; Dana 7:I:163.
    


Genth,F.A and Kerr, W.C. 1881, Mineral and Mineral Localities of North Carolina , Geological Survey
    

    • South Dakota
    

      • Custer Co.
    

        • Custer District
    

          • Custer
    
    		SDSMT Bull 18 Roberts and Rapp "Mineralogy of the Black Hills"
    


      • Pennington Co.
    

        • Keystone Gold District
    
    		SDSMT Bull 18 Roberts and Rapp "Mineralogy of the Black Hills"
    

    • Utah
    

      • Juab Co.
    

        • East Tintic Mts
    

          • Tintic District
    
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
    




UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
    





            • Eureka
    
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah; Means, A H "Some New Mineral Occurences From The Tintic District, Utah" American Journal of Science Vol 41, Noi 241 (1916) pp 125-30; Means, A H "Some New Mineral Occurences From The Tintic District, Utah" American Journal of Science Vol 41, Noi 241 (1916) pp 125-30
    


      • Salt Lake Co.
    

        • Wasatch Mts
    

          • Little Cottonwood District (Alta District)
    

            • Little Cottonwood Canyon
    

              • Dromedary Peak
    
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
    







Calkins, F. C.; Butler, B. S.; Heikes, V. C. (1943) Geology and ore deposits of the Cottonwood-American Fork area, Utah, with sections on history and production. USGS Professional Paper: 201
    


      • Tooele Co.
    

        • Deep Creek Mts
    

          • Gold Hill District (Clifton District)
    

            • Gold Hill
    
    		Collected by and in the collection of Brent Thorne. EDS analyzed by Excalibur Minerals.
    




UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
    


      • Utah Co.
    

        • East Tintic Mts
    

          • East Tintic District
    
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah; U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1024,
    Zimbabwe
     
    

    • Masvingo
    
    		Brother Juan Salvador collection, traded from American Museum of Natural History (New York), 12-1-1978.
    

    

    

    

    

    


    

    

    
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