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Graeserite

A valid IMA mineral species

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Photos of Graeserite (24)

Graeserite Gallery Search Photos of Graeserite

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Graeserite, etc.

Passaic pit, Sterling Hill, Ogdensburg, Sussex County, New Jersey, USA

Graeserite

Monte Arsiccio Mine, Sant'Anna di Stazzema, Stazzema, Lucca Province, Tuscany, Italy

Graeserite

Monte Arsiccio Mine, Sant'Anna di Stazzema, Stazzema, Lucca Province, Tuscany, Italy

Graeserite, etc.

Passaic pit, Sterling Hill, Ogdensburg, Sussex County, New Jersey, USA

Graeserite

Monte Arsiccio Mine, Sant'Anna di Stazzema, Stazzema, Lucca Province, Tuscany, Italy

Graeserite

Monte Arsiccio Mine, Sant'Anna di Stazzema, Stazzema, Lucca Province, Tuscany, Italy

Graeserite, etc.

Passaic pit, Sterling Hill, Ogdensburg, Sussex County, New Jersey, USA

Graeserite

Monte Arsiccio Mine, Sant'Anna di Stazzema, Stazzema, Lucca Province, Tuscany, Italy

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About GraeseriteHide

Stefan Graeser

Formula:

Fe³⁺₄Ti₃As³⁺O₁₃(OH)

also given as Fe²⁺_xFe³⁺_4-2xTi⁴⁺_3+xAs³⁺O₁₃(OH)

Colour:

Black

Lustre:

Metallic

Hardness:

5½

Specific Gravity:

4.56 (Calculated)

Crystal System:

Monoclinic

Name:

Named in 1998 by M. S. Krzemnicki and E. Reusser in honor of Dr. Stefan Graeser (1935-), professor at the Mineralogical-Petrographic Institute, University of Basel, Switzerland in recognition of his extensive research on the oxides and sulfosalts of arsenic in the Binntal region of Switzerland.

Type Locality:

ⓘ Gorb, Lärchultini, Binn, Goms, Valais, Switzerland

The Fe³⁺ dominant analog of Tomichite and the As³⁺ dominant analog of Derbylite.

Its relation with derbylite is homeotypic; both crystallize in the same point group, but different space group.

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

6977

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:6977:5

GUID
(UUID V4):

cc82f267-e361-4b60-8cce-cc467914320a

IMA Classification of GraeseriteHide

IMA status:

Approved

First published:

1998

Classification of GraeseriteHide

Strunz-mindat (2024):

4.JB.55

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
J : Arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites; iodates
B : Arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites; with additional anions, without H₂O

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Symbol	Source	Reference
Gsr	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of GraeseriteHide

Lustre:

Metallic

Transparency:

Opaque

Colour:

Black

Streak:

Black

Hardness:

5½ on Mohs scale

Hardness:

VHN₂₅=521 kg/mm² - Vickers

Tenacity:

Malleable

Cleavage:

Distinct/Good
Moderate on {100}.

Fracture:

Conchoidal

Density:

4.56 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of GraeseriteHide

Bireflectance:

None.

Reflectivity:

Wavelength	R₁	R₂
460nm	20.1%	20.8%
480nm	19.6%	20.3%
540nm	18.7%	19.3%
580nm	18.2%	18.9%
660nm	17.5%	18.1%

Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 20.8%.
R₁ shown in black, R₂ shown in red

Colour in reflected light:

Grayish white.

Internal Reflections:

None.

Pleochroism:

Non-pleochroic

Comments:

A full-spectrum reflectance plot given in Krzemnicki and Reusser (1998).

Chemistry of GraeseriteHide

Mindat Formula:

Fe³⁺₄Ti₃As³⁺O₁₃(OH)

also given as Fe²⁺_xFe³⁺_4-2xTi⁴⁺_3+xAs³⁺O₁₃(OH)

Elements listed:

As, Fe, H, O, Ti - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of GraeseriteHide

Crystal System:

Monoclinic

Class (H-M):

2/m - Prismatic

Space Group:

B2/m

Setting:

C2/m

Cell Parameters:

a = 5.0225(7) Å, b = 14.3114(18) Å, c = 7.1743(9) Å
β = 104.878(3)°

Ratio:

a:b:c = 0.351 : 1 : 0.501

Unit Cell V:

498.39 Å³

Twinning:

Common, parallel to c axis.

Comment:

example, Biagoni et al. (2020)

Crystal StructureHide

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2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Link	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0015412	Graeserite	Berlepsch P, Armbruster T (1998) The crystal structure of Pb2+-bearing graeserite, Pb0.14(Fe,Ti)7AsO12+x(OH)2-x, a mineral of the derbylite group Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen 78 1-9		1998	Gorb, Binn valley, Western Alps, Switzerland	0	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Graeserite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Berlepsch P'
'Armbruster T'
_journal_name_full 'Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen'
_journal_volume 78 
_journal_year 1998
_journal_page_first 1
_journal_page_last 9
_publ_section_title
;
 The crystal structure of Pb2+-bearing graeserite, Pb0.14(Fe,Ti)7AsO12+x(OH)2-x,
 a mineral of the derbylite group
;
_database_code_amcsd 0015412
_chemical_compound_source 'Gorb, Binn valley, Western Alps, Switzerland'
_chemical_formula_sum 'Pb.14 (Fe4 Ti3) As O14 H'
_cell_length_a 5.0053
_cell_length_b 14.272
_cell_length_c 7.1736
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 105.165
_cell_angle_gamma 90
_cell_volume 494.605
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      4.673
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'C 1 2/m 1'
loop_
_space_group_symop_operation_xyz
  'x,y,z'
  '1/2+x,1/2+y,z'
  'x,-y,z'
  '1/2+x,1/2-y,z'
  '-x,y,-z'
  '1/2-x,1/2+y,-z'
  '-x,-y,-z'
  '1/2-x,1/2-y,-z'
loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
_atom_site_occupancy
_atom_site_U_iso_or_equiv
Pb  -0.45600   0.50000   0.93670   0.07000   0.03166
FeM1   0.00000   0.50000   0.50000   0.57140   0.00836
TiM1   0.00000   0.50000   0.50000   0.42860   0.00836
FeM2   0.50000   0.62037   0.50000   0.57140   0.00823
TiM2   0.50000   0.62037   0.50000   0.42860   0.00823
FeM3  -0.37560   0.81093   0.81360   0.57140   0.00773
TiM3  -0.37560   0.81093   0.81360   0.42860   0.00773
As  -0.25150   0.50000   0.91690   0.50000   0.01216
O1  -0.27020   0.90160   0.66260   1.00000   0.01368
O2  -0.26080   0.70460   0.67980   1.00000   0.01191
O3   0.50000   0.71390   0.00000   1.00000   0.01140
O4   0.50000   0.90410   0.00000   1.00000   0.01482
O5  -0.27900   0.50000   0.65000   0.50000   0.01292
O-H5  -0.27900   0.50000   0.65000   0.50000   0.01292
loop_
_atom_site_aniso_label
_atom_site_aniso_U_11
_atom_site_aniso_U_22
_atom_site_aniso_U_33
_atom_site_aniso_U_12
_atom_site_aniso_U_13
_atom_site_aniso_U_23
Pb 0.00200 0.01800 0.04300 0.00000 -0.01700 0.00000
FeM1 0.00800 0.00590 0.01070 0.00000 0.00140 0.00000
TiM1 0.00800 0.00590 0.01070 0.00000 0.00140 0.00000
FeM2 0.00860 0.00740 0.00880 0.00000 0.00240 0.00000
TiM2 0.00860 0.00740 0.00880 0.00000 0.00240 0.00000
FeM3 0.00780 0.00720 0.00850 0.00130 0.00260 0.00080
TiM3 0.00780 0.00720 0.00850 0.00130 0.00260 0.00080
As 0.02200 0.00520 0.00790 0.00000 0.00030 0.00000
O1 0.01600 0.01200 0.01400 0.00000 0.00600 -0.00200
O2 0.01200 0.01300 0.01100 0.00000 0.00400 -0.00200
O3 0.01400 0.00900 0.01300 0.00000 0.00500 0.00000
O4 0.02000 0.01000 0.01600 0.00000 0.00600 0.00000
O5 0.01200 0.01200 0.01800 0.00000 0.01000 0.00000
O-H5 0.01200 0.01200 0.01800 0.00000 0.01000 0.00000

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
2.681 Å	(100)
2.846 Å	(80)
1.5825 Å	(50)
3.117 Å	(30)
2.029 Å	(30)
2.495 Å	(20)
2.225 Å	(20)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event	<2.4
47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals]
47d : [Arsenates, antimonates, selenates, bismuthinates]

Geological Setting:

Metamorphosed Precambrian calc-silicate gneissic rock in the footwall of a Zn-Fe-Mn orebody (Sterling Hill, NJ).

Type Occurrence of GraeseriteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Gorb, Lärchultini, Binn, Goms, Valais, Switzerland

General Appearance of Type Material:

Needle-shaped (<10 µm thick, up to 5 mm long). Occasionally, occurs in radial aggregates.

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

Natural History Museum, Basel, Switzerland.

Geological Setting of Type Material:

In hydrothermal veins in a two-mica paragneiss.

Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Tennantite Subgroup	Rutile	Monazite-(Ce)	Magnetite	Hematite
Gold	Fetiasite	Cervandonite-(Ce)	Cervandonite-(Ce)	Cafarsite
Bournonite	Asbecasite	Arsenopyrite	Anatase

Synonyms of GraeseriteHide

IMA1996-010

Other Language Names for GraeseriteHide

German:Graeserit

Spanish:Graeserita

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:

3 photos of Graeserite associated with Fetiasite	(Fe³⁺,Fe²⁺,Ti)₃(As₂O₅)O₂
3 photos of Graeserite associated with Quartz	SiO₂
2 photos of Graeserite associated with Chlorite Group
1 photo of Graeserite associated with Calcite	CaCO₃
1 photo of Graeserite associated with Clinochlore	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈
1 photo of Graeserite associated with Rutile	TiO₂
1 photo of Graeserite associated with Adularia	KAlSi₃O₈
1 photo of Graeserite associated with Hematite	Fe₂O₃

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

4.JB.	Cuyaite	Ca₂Mn³⁺As³⁺₁₄O₂₄Cl	Mon. m
4.JB.	Brattforsite	Mn₁₉(AsO ₃)₁₂Cl₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
4.JB.05	Fetiasite	(Fe³⁺,Fe²⁺,Ti)₃(As₂O₅)O₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
4.JB.10	Manganarsite	Mn₃(As₂O₄)(OH)₄	Trig.
4.JB.15	Magnussonite	Mn²⁺₁₀(As³⁺O₃)₆(OH,Cl)₂	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d
4.JB.15	UM1984-09-AsO:ClHMn	Mn₁₀As₆O₁₈(OH)Cl	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I4₁/acd
4.JB.20	Armangite	Mn²⁺₂₆(AsO₃)₁₄(HAsO₃)₄(CO₃)	Trig. 3 : P3
4.JB.25	Nanlingite	Na(Ca₅Li)Mg₁₂(AsO₃)₂[Fe(AsO₃)₆]F₁₄	Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
4.JB.30	Asbecasite	Ca₃(Ti,Sn⁴⁺)Be₂(AsO₃)₆(SiO₄)₂	Trig. 3m : P3c1
4.JB.35	Stenhuggarite	CaFeSb(AsO₃)₂O	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I4₁/amd
4.JB.40	Trigonite	Pb₃Mn²⁺(AsO₃)₂(HAsO₃)	Mon. m
4.JB.45	Finnemanite	Pb₅(AsO₃)₃Cl	Hex. 6/m : P6₃/m
4.JB.50	Gebhardite	Pb₈(As₂O₅)₂OCl₆	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
4.JB.55	Derbylite	Fe³⁺₄Ti₃Sb³⁺O₁₃(OH)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
4.JB.55	Tomichite	(V,Fe)₄Ti₃AsO₁₃(OH)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
4.JB.60	Hemloite	(Ti,V³⁺,Fe³⁺,Al)₁₂(As³⁺,Sb³⁺)₂O₂₃(OH)	Tric. 1 : P1
4.JB.65	Freedite	Cu⁺Pb₈(AsO₃)₂O₃Cl₅	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
4.JB.70	Georgiadesite	Pb₄(As³⁺O₃)Cl₄(OH)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
4.JB.75	Ekatite	(Fe³⁺,Fe²⁺,Zn)₁₂(AsO₃)₆(AsO₃,HSiO₄)₂(OH)₆	Hex. 6mm : P6₃mc
4.JB.75	Szklaryite	◻Al₆BAs³⁺₃O₁₅	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcm
4.JB.85	Lepageite	Mn²⁺₃(Fe³⁺₇Fe²⁺₄)O₃[Sb³⁺₅As³⁺₈O₃₄]	Tric. 1 : P1
4.JB.90	Bianchiniite	Ba₂(TiV)(As₂O₅)₂OF	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I4/mcm

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Industrial Uses:

None

Internet Links for GraeseriteHide

mindat.org URL:

https://www.mindat.org/min-6977.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

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External Links:

Look for Graeserite on Webmineral

Look for Graeserite on Wikipedia

Look for Graeserite on Mineralien Atlas

Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

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References for GraeseriteHide

Reference List:

Krzemnicki, M.S. and Reusser, E. (1998) Graeserite, Fe^4Ti^3AsO^13(OH) , a new mineral species of the derbylite group from the Monte Leone Nappe, Binntal region, Western Alps, Switzerland. The Canadian Mineralogist: 36: 1083–1088.

Berlepsch, P. and Armbruster, T. (1998) The crystal structure of Pb#2+#–bearing graeserite, Pb_0.14(Fe,Ti)₇AsO_12+x(OH)_2–x, a mineral of the derbylite group. Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen: 78: 1–9.

Verbeek, E., Orosz, J., and Nikischer, T. (2006) Graeserite: a second world occurrence from Sterling Hill, Ogdensburg, New Jersey. Mineral News: 22(9): 8-9.

Biagioni, Cristian, Bonaccorsi, Elena, Perchiazzi, Natale, Hålenius, Ulf, Zaccarini, Federica (2020) Derbylite and graeserite from the Monte Arsiccio mine, Apuan Alps, Tuscany, Italy: occurrence and crystal-chemistry. Mineralogical Magazine, 84 (5) 766-777 doi:10.1180/mgm.2020.67

(2023) Graeserite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Localities for GraeseriteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


Italy
Tuscany Lucca Province Stazzema Sant'Anna di Stazzema ⓘ Monte Arsiccio Mine	Biagioni et al. (2020) +1 other reference

Switzerland (TL)
Valais Goms Binn Lärchultini ⓘ Gorb (TL)	Krzemnicki et al. (1998)

USA
New Jersey Sussex County Ogdensburg Sterling Hill ⓘ Passaic pit (Marshall Mine; Passaic Mine)	Verbeek et al. (2006)

Graeserite

About GraeseriteHide

Unique IdentifiersHide

IMA Classification of GraeseriteHide

Classification of GraeseriteHide

Mineral SymbolsHide

Physical Properties of GraeseriteHide

Optical Data of GraeseriteHide

Chemistry of GraeseriteHide

Crystallography of GraeseriteHide

Crystal StructureHide

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Geological EnvironmentHide

Type Occurrence of GraeseriteHide

Synonyms of GraeseriteHide

Other Language Names for GraeseriteHide

Common AssociatesHide

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

Other InformationHide

Internet Links for GraeseriteHide

References for GraeseriteHide

Localities for GraeseriteHide

Locality ListHide

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide